353:
20:
412:
292:
496:
98:
467:
Master Baffin went on shoare with his
Geometricall Instruments, for the taking of the height and distance of the Castle wall, for the better levelling of his peece to make his shot; but, as he was about the same, he received a small shot from the Castle into his belly, wherewith he gave three leapes,
514:
in 1625, but Baffin's charts and hydrographic observations were omitted owing to the expense involved. All but one were subsequently lost, and in time Baffin's discoveries came to be doubted. He was, however, a hero to the explorer
153:
in the 19th century, but without known documentary support). It has been conjectured that he was born to a humble station in London and gradually raised himself through his diligence and perseverance. In printing his journals,
447:
fleet searching for them, Shilling went in search of them: he was wounded in battle in the Gulf of Oman on 28 December and died on 6 January. A year later, the East India
Company agreed to join the
463:, he was sent ashore on 23 January 1622 to take measurements of the height and distance of the walls of Fort Queixome to assist the fleet's gunners. One of his contemporaries described his death:
510:
were named in
William Baffin's honour, and he is responsible for the names of several of their features. His journals were the only account of several of his voyages. Excerpts were printed by
3624:
158:
wrote of him as a "learned-unlearned
Mariner and Mathematician... wanting art of words" who "really employed himself to those industries, whereof here you see so evident fruits."
483:
His wife – reckoned a "troublesome, impatient woman" – forced the East India
Company into court over her husband's wages and other claims. Three years later, a settlement of
605:
258:
In 1615, he entered the service of the "Company of
Merchants of London, Discoverers of the North-West Passage", which had been established in 1612. Its first governor was
4278:
408:. Upon his return to London in September, 1619, the company granted him special recognition for the valuable charts he had made during the course of his voyage.
415:
Map of northern India attributed to Baffin; published after his death (1625). This map was drawn after intelligence from the Mughal court was passed to Sir
255:. Icy conditions precluded exploration to the north, but Baffin examined a "considerable portion" of Spitzbergen's coast, returning to London on 4 October.
333:: since his voyages seemed to preclude hope of an ice-free nautical path to the Orient, the area was not explored again for two centuries and his
522:
Besides his geographical discoveries, Baffin is celebrated for the scrupulous accuracy of his many scientific and magnetic observations. His
4253:
2786:
1109:
888:
986:
1747:
166:
317:, together with a series of sounds which radiate from its head and were named by him after members of the North-West Passage Company:
352:
4167:
1382:
1390:
4228:
3742:
2748:
1161:
192:
centuries before, but after the third failed expedition, Christian abandoned the project. Hall then successfully interested four
472:
He was one of few
English casualties. The garrison swiftly surrendered, and Anglo-Persian control of Qeshm permitted the swift
3339:
2937:
2525:
360:, with Baffin Bay based on Baffin's charts. Baffin's cartography appears accurate, and clearly identifies the shape of the bay.
220:. During this voyage, Captain Hall was killed by the Inuit on the west coast of Greenland but Baffin successfully returned to
4131:
1026:
1006:
4223:
2077:
2942:
4025:
3706:
3528:
3418:
3187:
1776:
1725:
117: – 23 January 1622) became a navigator, explorer and cartographer. He is primarily known for his attempt to find a
3476:
3057:
2996:
3499:
1044:
966:
849:
4268:
4248:
3577:
927:
733:
368:, possibly with the intent of eventually discovering the passage from the western end. He left as master's mate to
1018:
Resolute: The Epic Search for the
Northwest Passage and John Franklin, and the Discovery of the Queen's Ghost Ship
3808:
3794:
3768:
3605:
1576:
1102:
2499:
4263:
3631:
3601:
1944:
1934:
1518:
1220:
3242:
3404:
2914:
2047:
330:
19:
865:
4258:
4218:
3313:
3199:
3042:
2088:
1549:
1317:
527:
3761:
3383:
3217:
3158:
3112:
1341:
1230:
932:
516:
942:
411:
4121:
2846:
2820:
2813:
2264:
2165:
2157:
2140:
1758:
1304:
1156:
1095:
428:
365:
357:
342:
97:
2553:
948:
149:
3944:
3554:
3250:
3049:
2834:
2716:
2519:
2401:
2252:
2101:
2039:
2026:
1899:
1625:
1277:
626:
Markham, Clements. The
Voyages of William Baffin, 1612-1622. London: Hakluyt Society, 1881, page xxi.
329:. On this voyage, he sailed over 300 statute miles (480 km) farther north than his predecessor
4273:
4094:
3685:
3679:
3597:
3471:
3256:
2982:
2858:
2708:
2596:
2380:
121:
from the
Atlantic to the Pacific, during the course of which he was the first European to discover
1396:
284:. The accuracy of Baffin's tidal and astronomical observations on this voyage was confirmed when
4161:
3824:
2977:
2851:
2771:
2280:
2107:
1309:
473:
171:
147:
Nothing is known about Baffin's early life (an estimated year of birth, 1584, originated in the
4243:
4099:
3665:
1597:
980:
2932:
427:
on the special recommendation of Capt. Shilling, the commander of the expedition. Baffin left
125:
situated between Canada and Greenland. He was also responsible for exceptional surveys of the
4104:
4073:
3878:
3831:
3730:
3534:
3453:
3396:
3145:
3139:
2989:
2947:
2909:
2889:
2484:
2259:
2095:
2005:
1987:
1904:
1875:
1865:
1753:
1690:
1464:
875:
859:
301:
264:
162:
2145:
4233:
3958:
3950:
3893:
3481:
3345:
3271:
3263:
3063:
3003:
2962:
2575:
2566:
2437:
2432:
2336:
2200:
1957:
1919:
1526:
1296:
1264:
1208:
1188:
523:
519:, who led an expedition in 1818 that confirmed Baffin's account in almost all particulars.
484:
285:
208:, and Richard Ball—in permitting him to continue his work. Baffin and Hall sailed from the
177:
3326:
1731:
1714:
8:
4238:
4079:
4001:
3466:
3389:
3305:
3086:
3078:
3027:
2667:
2625:
2120:
2083:
1972:
1736:
1606:
1409:
1214:
911:
364:
With the abandonment of projects for the Northwest Passage, Baffin took service with the
252:
1719:
922:
3800:
3692:
3673:
3237:
3212:
2754:
2648:
2612:
2588:
2479:
2326:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2193:
2171:
2150:
2031:
2021:
1768:
1656:
1584:
1257:
1248:
1240:
1151:
1131:
1061:
221:
193:
134:
76:
51:
4172:
3978:
3972:
3928:
3913:
3842:
3814:
3722:
3659:
3569:
3541:
3521:
3459:
3367:
3331:
3205:
3172:
3165:
3118:
3100:
3017:
2766:
2635:
2583:
2489:
2442:
2370:
2359:
2071:
2061:
2053:
1949:
1939:
1850:
1845:
1828:
1794:
1661:
1648:
1469:
1375:
1333:
1328:
1118:
1040:
1022:
1002:
962:
601:
440:
277:
118:
1079:
1075:
959:
The English East India Company: The Study of an Early Joint-Stock Company: 1600–1640
4189:
3921:
3613:
3493:
3319:
3292:
3232:
3107:
3037:
3022:
2761:
2690:
2685:
2659:
2654:
2536:
2459:
2412:
2179:
1999:
1964:
1860:
1855:
1789:
1703:
1485:
1477:
1363:
1283:
1235:
1225:
1198:
609:
547:
205:
185:
4179:
4126:
4111:
4017:
4012:
3936:
3901:
3837:
3736:
3651:
3618:
3350:
3133:
3125:
3094:
3010:
2970:
2724:
2680:
2620:
2544:
2514:
2509:
2469:
2447:
2395:
2331:
2321:
2272:
1994:
1979:
1832:
1801:
1763:
1513:
1441:
1435:
1358:
1323:
1183:
1016:
996:
576:
369:
318:
228:
201:
2702:
419:, the current ambassador, who then passed the intelligence on to Baffin in 1619.
291:
4153:
4136:
4089:
4048:
4038:
4007:
3866:
3856:
3748:
3698:
3563:
3513:
3486:
3431:
3227:
3222:
3071:
2924:
2778:
2740:
2697:
2630:
2604:
2558:
2531:
2504:
2474:
2417:
2375:
2365:
2245:
2238:
2135:
2115:
1927:
1818:
1614:
1589:
1544:
1508:
1502:
1494:
1454:
1449:
1423:
1403:
1171:
941:
542:
511:
444:
334:
181:
155:
239:. During the 1613 season, he served under Captain Benjamin Joseph as pilot of
4212:
4116:
4058:
4053:
4043:
3993:
3988:
3964:
3908:
3785:
3779:
3774:
3373:
3284:
3277:
3032:
2827:
2806:
2674:
2452:
2422:
2390:
2385:
2222:
2128:
2011:
1806:
1619:
1569:
1562:
1554:
1459:
1368:
1203:
975:
803:
597:
507:
477:
456:
448:
389:
273:
262:, one of the underwriters of Hall's fourth voyage. Baffin served as pilot of
259:
197:
952:, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 229
4147:
4141:
3753:
3717:
3583:
3410:
3360:
3299:
3153:
2841:
2792:
2642:
2464:
2427:
2407:
2348:
1882:
1870:
1813:
1741:
1642:
1539:
1533:
1430:
1418:
1291:
1269:
1193:
1146:
589:
460:
452:
432:
405:
393:
381:
377:
310:
269:
130:
4184:
4084:
4032:
3850:
3637:
3425:
2800:
2732:
2494:
2353:
2316:
2216:
2208:
2016:
1352:
326:
322:
236:
495:
161:
His earliest mention occurs in 1612, when he was chief pilot on Captain
3983:
3886:
3870:
3712:
3645:
3546:
2955:
2904:
2864:
2186:
1912:
1840:
1782:
1175:
1143:
593:
503:
416:
392:
in September. Baffin's ship then performed separate service on runs to
314:
122:
990:, vol. 3 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 192
979:
809:. 1952. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York London Toronto, p. 40.
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
3505:
2342:
1894:
1677:
998:
Earth's Landscape: An Encyclopedia of the World's Geographic Features
892:
712:
710:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
588:
The previous 3 seasons of exploration had been led by, respectively,
306:
1087:
745:
743:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
3437:
341:
remained unsurpassed in North America until the Royal Navy officer
281:
244:
629:
4064:
3444:
1709:
1685:
1673:
740:
687:
401:
232:
126:
2231:
459:
islands in exchange for certain trade concessions. At Qeshm off
247:
of the 7-vessel whaling fleet; in 1614, he and Joseph served on
2310:
1635:
1065:
376:, on 4 February 1617. The fleet – under the command of Captain
209:
775:
773:
1696:
436:
397:
385:
189:
65:
770:
566:
Baffin's journal of this voyage, however, begins on 8 July.
23:
Hendrick van der Borcht, Navigator with Globe and Dividers.
188:. It was still unknown that they had been overrun by the
785:
758:
2901:
824:
592:(who was marooned by his men after a winter trapped in
579:, Francis Jones, Dudley Digges, and John Wolstenholme.
530:
on 26 April 1615 is the first of its kind on record.
910:
Baffin, William (1881), Markham, Clements R. (ed.),
812:
533:
He is also the namesake of the William Baffin rose.
4279:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
4210:
1062:"William Baffin, English Navigator and Explorer"
575:Other prominent members of the company included
309:on 26 March, he passed west of Greenland up the
994:
855:
313:, discovering the large bay to its north which
227:Over the next two years, Baffin served in the
1103:
931:. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.).
224:on 9/11 under the new captain Andrew Barker.
995:Quinn, Joyce A.; Woodward, Susan L. (2015),
295:William Baffin's chart of the Hudson Strait.
16:English navigator, explorer and cartographer
807:Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean
439:in India on 9 November. Hearing of a joint
423:In 1620, he sailed east again as master of
1110:
1096:
956:
830:
451:assaults on the Portuguese fortresses on
4168:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
913:The Voyages of William Baffin, 1612–1622
494:
410:
351:
290:
184:anxious to reestablish contact with the
18:
3743:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1014:
909:
871:
791:
779:
764:
4211:
288:passed over the same ground in 1821.
2887:
1129:
1117:
1091:
1034:
818:
3529:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1726:Norse colonization of North America
925:. In Brown, George Williams (ed.).
920:
678:
272:on 15 March. It carefully explored
268:, which left England under Captain
13:
4254:English explorers of North America
3058:United States Exploring Expedition
1059:
974:
939:
749:
716:
14:
4290:
4132:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3500:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
1073:
1053:
251:, amid a fleet of 11 ships and 2
167:Hall's three earlier explorations
4026:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3419:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
1081:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1035:Sykes, Percy Molesworth (2006),
1021:, Toronto: Sterling Publishing,
928:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
844:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
734:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
299:Baffin again sailed as pilot of
165:'s 4th expedition to Greenland.
96:
881:
836:
797:
582:
384:in South Africa on 21 June and
280:from the North Atlantic to the
4229:17th-century English explorers
725:
620:
569:
560:
356:Map of a voyage undertaken by
1:
3405:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3340:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2888:
903:
111:
42:
3762:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3578:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3384:French Antarctic Expeditions
3314:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3200:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1318:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
216:on 22 April, accompanied by
7:
4224:16th-century English people
2847:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2526:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1391:Andrée's balloon expedition
1015:Sandler, Martin W. (2006),
940:Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878),
933:University of Toronto Press
536:
10:
4295:
2048:Franklin's lost expedition
1748:Christian IV's expeditions
1130:
921:Dodge, Ernest S. (1979) .
349:in the same area in 1852.
343:Edward Augustus Inglefield
3865:
3596:
3183:
2923:
2900:
2896:
2883:
2402:Great Northern Expedition
2296:
2078:Rae–Richardson expedition
1827:
1672:
1278:British Arctic Expedition
1170:
1142:
1138:
1125:
490:
169:had been underwritten by
95:
90:
82:
72:
58:
38:
31:
3686:British Antarctic Survey
3680:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2925:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
961:, Taylor & Francis,
957:Chaudhuri, K.N. (1999),
553:
431:on 25 March and reached
106:The English silk-weaver
4269:Explorers of the Arctic
4249:British polar explorers
4162:Pole of inaccessibility
3825:Antarctic Treaty System
2166:2nd Grinnell expedition
987:Encyclopædia Britannica
981:"Baffin, William"
949:Encyclopædia Britannica
400:and other ports of the
305:the next year. Leaving
186:Norse settlements there
150:Encyclopædia Britannica
142:
943:"William Baffin"
856:Quinn & al. (2015)
524:reckoning of longitude
500:
470:
420:
361:
296:
24:
4264:Explorers of Svalbard
3832:Transglobe Expedition
3731:Operation Deep Freeze
3140:Challenger expedition
2006:Coppermine expedition
1527:Drifting ice stations
894:Canadian Rose Society
889:"William Baffin rose"
782:, pp. v–vi, xxx.
499:A William Baffin rose
498:
487:500 was agreed upon.
468:and died immediately.
465:
414:
355:
294:
22:
286:William Edward Parry
4259:Explorers of Canada
4219:16th-century births
4002:South magnetic pole
2668:Brusilov expedition
1777:Danish colonization
1215:North magnetic pole
1037:A History of Persia
608:(who stayed on the
86:Navigator, explorer
3693:Operation Windmill
3674:Operation Highjump
2649:Rusanov expedition
2554:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2298:North East Passage
2102:McClure expedition
767:, pp. xx–xxi.
501:
421:
366:East India Company
362:
315:now bears his name
297:
135:East India Company
25:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
3660:Operation Tabarin
3522:Far Eastern Party
3368:Nimrod Expedition
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2438:M. Pronchishcheva
2360:Siberian Cossacks
1829:Northwest Passage
1162:Research stations
1119:Polar exploration
1028:978-1-40275-861-4
1008:978-1-61069-446-9
916:, Hakluyt Society
600:(who stayed near
480:to direct trade.
474:conquest of Ormuz
278:Northwest Passage
133:on behalf of the
119:Northwest Passage
104:
103:
4286:
3707:Ronne Expedition
3192:
3186:
3050:Dumont d'Urville
2898:
2897:
2885:
2884:
2433:V. Pronchishchev
1140:
1139:
1127:
1126:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1076:"William BAFFIN"
1070:
1049:
1031:
1011:
991:
983:
971:
953:
945:
936:
923:"William Baffin"
917:
898:
897:
885:
879:
869:
863:
853:
847:
840:
834:
831:Chaudhuri (1999)
828:
822:
816:
810:
801:
795:
794:, p. xxxix.
789:
783:
777:
768:
762:
756:
747:
738:
729:
723:
714:
685:
676:
627:
624:
613:
586:
580:
573:
567:
564:
548:Blackburn Baffin
348:
340:
206:William Cockayne
175:
116:
113:
100:
47:
44:
29:
28:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4274:Muscovy Company
4209:
4208:
4207:
4194:
3869:
3861:
3737:McMurdo Station
3606:Modern research
3604:
3592:
3327:O. Nordenskjöld
3190:
3184:
3179:
3095:Ross expedition
2919:
2892:
2871:
2300:
2292:
1833:Northern Canada
1831:
1823:
1676:
1668:
1174:
1166:
1134:
1121:
1116:
1074:Dodge, Ernest,
1056:
1047:
1029:
1009:
969:
906:
901:
887:
886:
882:
870:
866:
854:
850:
841:
837:
829:
825:
817:
813:
802:
798:
790:
786:
778:
771:
763:
759:
748:
741:
730:
726:
715:
688:
677:
630:
625:
621:
617:
616:
606:William Gibbons
587:
583:
577:James Lancaster
574:
570:
565:
561:
556:
539:
528:lunar distances
493:
370:Andrew Shilling
346:
338:
276:in search of a
229:Muscovy Company
202:James Lancaster
170:
145:
114:
68:
63:
62:23 January 1622
54:
48:
45:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4292:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4154:Vostok Station
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4105:Cherry-Garrard
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3945:Southern Cross
3941:
3940:
3939:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3875:
3873:
3867:Farthest South
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3828:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3782:
3777:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3739:
3734:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3689:
3682:
3677:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3628:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3564:Ross Sea party
3560:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3525:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3429:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3364:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3258:Southern Cross
3251:Southern Cross
3247:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3195:
3193:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3116:
3110:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2997:Bellingshausen
2987:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2894:
2893:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2856:
2844:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2304:
2302:Russian Arctic
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2113:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2059:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1744:
1739:
1737:Snæbjörn galti
1734:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1639:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1604:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1530:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1172:Farthest North
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1071:
1055:
1054:External links
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1039:, Read Books,
1032:
1027:
1012:
1007:
992:
978:, ed. (1911),
976:Chisholm, Hugh
972:
967:
954:
937:
918:
905:
902:
900:
899:
880:
872:Sandler (2006)
864:
848:
835:
823:
821:, p. 278.
811:
796:
784:
780:Markham (1881)
769:
765:Markham (1881)
757:
739:
724:
686:
628:
618:
615:
614:
581:
568:
558:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
545:
543:Samuel Purchas
538:
535:
512:Samuel Purchas
492:
489:
335:furthest north
182:Denmark-Norway
156:Samuel Purchas
144:
141:
108:William Baffin
102:
101:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
56:
55:
49:
40:
36:
35:
33:William Baffin
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4291:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4244:Baffin Island
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3285:Discovery Hut
3283:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2815:A. Sibiryakov
2812:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2787:Glavsevmorput
2784:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2089:J. Richardson
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
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1851:M. Corte-Real
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1578:Georgiy Sedov
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1465:Riiser-Larsen
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1069:
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1063:
1060:Ossian, Rob,
1058:
1057:
1048:
1046:1-4067-2692-3
1042:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1013:
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968:0-415-19076-2
964:
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944:
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845:
842:Cited in the
839:
833:, p. 64.
832:
827:
820:
815:
808:
805:
804:Alan Villiers
800:
793:
788:
781:
776:
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766:
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746:
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731:Cited in the
728:
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623:
619:
611:
607:
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599:
598:Thomas Button
595:
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563:
559:
549:
546:
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541:
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531:
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508:Baffin Island
505:
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390:British India
387:
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372:, captain of
371:
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293:
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283:
279:
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274:Hudson Strait
271:
267:
266:
261:
260:Thomas Smythe
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:whale-fishery
230:
225:
223:
219:
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211:
207:
203:
199:
198:Thomas Smythe
195:
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140:
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109:
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83:Occupation(s)
81:
78:
75:
71:
67:
61:
57:
53:
41:
37:
30:
27:
21:
4160:
4148:Pole of Cold
4146:
4072:
4063:
4031:
4024:
4000:
3971:
3957:
3951:Borchgrevink
3943:
3930:
3915:
3895:
3880:
3849:
3830:
3823:
3807:
3793:
3784:
3767:
3760:
3741:
3729:
3705:
3691:
3684:
3672:
3658:
3644:
3630:
3623:
3584:
3576:
3562:
3555:
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3535:
3527:
3520:
3507:
3498:
3460:
3452:
3443:
3436:
3424:
3417:
3403:
3391:Pourquoi-Pas
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3361:Orcadas Base
3359:
3351:
3338:
3332:C. A. Larsen
3320:
3312:
3298:
3291:
3278:
3270:
3264:Borchgrevink
3257:
3249:
3206:
3198:
3173:C. A. Larsen
3166:
3147:
3138:
3120:
3102:
3093:
3080:
3065:
3056:
3043:
3004:
2990:
2983:
2964:
2949:
2859:
2852:
2835:
2828:
2814:
2799:
2785:
2772:
2747:
2733:
2731:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2673:
2666:
2647:
2613:
2611:
2597:
2595:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2545:
2543:
2524:
2400:
2358:
2341:
2309:
2273:
2271:
2251:
2250:
2230:
2229:
2215:
2202:
2187:
2173:
2164:
2151:
2122:
2110:Investigator
2109:
2100:
2076:
2063:
2055:
2046:
2033:
2004:
1981:
1966:
1951:
1921:
1906:
1887:
1876:
1795:
1775:
1746:
1742:Erik the Red
1724:
1702:
1695:
1652:submersibles
1649:
1643:Arktika 2007
1641:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1608:
1599:
1596:
1577:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1532:
1525:
1501:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1476:
1442:
1440:
1411:
1408:
1397:S. A. Andrée
1389:
1376:
1351:
1343:
1340:
1316:
1298:
1285:
1276:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1213:
1080:
1067:Pirates Cove
1066:
1036:
1017:
1001:, ABC-CLIO,
997:
985:
958:
947:
926:
912:
893:
883:
867:
851:
843:
838:
826:
819:Sykes (2006)
814:
806:
799:
792:Markham 1881
787:
760:
750:
732:
727:
717:
679:
622:
590:Henry Hudson
584:
571:
562:
532:
521:
502:
482:
471:
466:
461:Bandar Abbas
433:Suvali Beach
424:
422:
406:Persian Gulf
382:Saldanha Bay
378:Martin Pring
373:
363:
358:Thomas James
311:Davis Strait
300:
298:
270:Robert Bylot
263:
257:
248:
240:
231:-controlled
226:
218:Heart's Ease
217:
213:
172:Christian IV
160:
148:
146:
139:
131:Persian Gulf
107:
105:
66:Qeshm, Ormus
26:
4234:1622 deaths
3851:Lake Vostok
3801:Tryoshnikov
3723:Schlossbach
3614:Christensen
3556:James Caird
3477:E. R. Evans
3243:Dobrowolski
3213:de Gerlache
2915:Expeditions
2801:Aviaarktika
2755:Samoylovich
2626:Kolomeitsev
2520:Middendorff
2480:Gedenshtrom
1900:I. Fyodorov
1662:Chilingarov
1550:E. Fyodorov
1157:Expeditions
237:Spitzbergen
115: 1584
73:Nationality
46: 1584
4239:Baffin Bay
4213:Categories
4074:Terra Nova
3979:Shackleton
3922:J. C. Ross
3881:Resolution
3871:South Pole
3646:New Swabia
3570:Mackintosh
3542:Shackleton
3461:Terra Nova
3454:Terra Nova
3188:Heroic Age
3148:Challenger
3108:J. C. Ross
3018:Bransfield
2950:Resolution
2865:icebreaker
2829:Chelyuskin
2570:expedition
2548:Expedition
2490:Matyushkin
2448:Kh. Laptev
2443:Chelyuskin
2337:Heemskerck
2327:Chancellor
2322:Willoughby
2317:Koch boats
2260:Stefansson
2194:McClintock
2158:Inglefield
2000:J. C. Ross
1907:Resolution
1759:Cunningham
1657:Sagalevich
1346:expedition
1305:Stephenson
1265:C. F. Hall
1252:expedition
1226:J. C. Ross
1189:Heemskerck
1176:North Pole
904:References
874:, p.
858:, p.
594:Hudson Bay
526:at sea by
504:Baffin Bay
476:, opening
441:Portuguese
417:Thomas Roe
380:– reached
374:Anne Royal
339:77° 45′ N)
331:John Davis
196:merchants—
163:James Hall
123:Baffin Bay
4173:Tolstikov
3959:Discovery
3929:HMS
3914:HMS
3896:Adventure
3894:HMS
3879:HMS
3815:Tolstikov
3536:Endurance
3321:Antarctic
3306:Drygalski
3279:Discovery
3272:Discovery
3233:Arctowski
3146:HMS
3119:HMS
3113:Abernethy
3101:HMS
3079:USS
3066:Vincennes
3064:USS
3044:Astrolabe
2984:San Telmo
2965:Adventure
2963:HMS
2948:HMS
2943:Kerguelen
2905:Continent
2890:Antarctic
2767:Urvantsev
2725:Vilkitsky
2578:Jeannette
2576:USS
2568:Jeannette
2532:Weyprecht
2510:Pakhtusov
2460:Chichagov
2453:D. Laptev
2396:Permyakov
2371:Stadukhin
2366:Perfilyev
2343:Mangazeya
2281:H. Larsen
2246:Rasmussen
2201:HMS
2172:USS
2121:HMS
2108:HMS
2072:Collinson
2062:HMS
2054:HMS
2032:HMS
1980:HMS
1965:HMS
1950:HMS
1935:Mackenzie
1922:Discovery
1920:HMS
1905:HMS
1877:Discovery
1856:Frobisher
1819:Rasmussen
1732:Gunnbjörn
1678:Greenland
1607:USS
1598:USS
1470:Ellsworth
1412:Roosevelt
1342:Nansen's
1299:Discovery
1297:HMS
1284:HMS
1231:Abernethy
1199:Marmaduke
602:Churchill
517:John Ross
429:the Downs
347:78° 28′ N
319:Lancaster
307:Gravesend
302:Discovery
265:Discovery
249:Thomasine
91:Signature
4185:A. Fuchs
4142:V. Fuchs
4122:McKinley
4085:E. Evans
4044:Bjaaland
4039:Amundsen
3989:Marshall
3902:Furneaux
3754:V. Fuchs
3718:E. Ronne
3713:F. Ronne
3652:Ritscher
3506:SY
3494:Filchner
3438:Framheim
3432:Amundsen
3238:Racoviță
3223:Amundsen
3218:Lecointe
3087:Ringgold
3081:Porpoise
2971:Furneaux
2807:Shevelev
2762:Begichev
2741:Amundsen
2703:Nagórski
2681:Brusilov
2675:Sv. Anna
2589:Melville
2559:Palander
2515:Tsivolko
2475:Sannikov
2470:Billings
2413:Chirikov
2332:Barentsz
2274:St. Roch
2265:Bartlett
2239:Amundsen
2223:Sverdrup
2123:Resolute
2012:Franklin
1940:Kotzebue
1807:Sverdrup
1790:Scoresby
1764:Lindenov
1615:Plaisted
1600:Nautilus
1545:Shirshov
1519:Belyakov
1514:Baydukov
1488:Nautilus
1450:Amundsen
1410:SS
1369:Sverdrup
1364:Johansen
1334:Brainard
1329:Lockwood
1184:Barentsz
610:Labrador
537:See also
345:reached
282:Far East
253:pinnaces
245:flagship
214:Patience
212:aboard
50:London,
4190:Messner
4137:Hillary
4117:Balchen
4065:Polheim
4059:Wisting
3937:Crozier
3909:Weddell
3887:J. Cook
3857:Kapitsa
3838:Fiennes
3780:Klenova
3749:Hillary
3699:Ketchum
3625:BANZARE
3600:·
3445:Polheim
3411:Shirase
3397:Charcot
3207:Belgica
3126:Crozier
3038:Morrell
3033:Weddell
3011:Lazarev
2956:J. Cook
2910:History
2860:Arktika
2836:Krassin
2821:Voronin
2793:Schmidt
2779:Ushakov
2718:Vaygach
2686:Albanov
2655:Rusanov
2636:Kolchak
2631:Matisen
2605:Makarov
2584:De Long
2485:Wrangel
2465:Lyakhov
2418:Malygin
2376:Dezhnev
2203:Pandora
2174:Advance
2141:Kennedy
2136:Belcher
2129:Kellett
2116:McClure
2040:Beechey
2034:Blossom
2027:Simpson
1995:Crozier
1988:Hoppner
1945:J. Ross
1913:J. Cook
1861:Gilbert
1754:J. Hall
1720:Ingólfr
1710:Naddodd
1704:Vikings
1691:Brendan
1686:Pytheas
1674:Iceland
1628:Arktika
1620:Herbert
1585:Badygin
1555:Krenkel
1540:Papanin
1509:Chkalov
1495:Wilkins
1460:Wisting
1404:F. Cook
1310:Markham
1270:Bessels
1259:Polaris
1250:Polaris
1221:J. Ross
1204:Carolus
1152:History
612:coast).
604:), and
449:Persian
402:Red Sea
337:(about
194:English
127:Red Sea
77:English
52:England
4100:Bowers
4095:Wilson
4054:Hassel
4049:Helmer
4018:Mackay
4008:Mawson
3973:Nimrod
3931:Terror
3916:Erebus
3843:Burton
3638:Rymill
3514:Mawson
3508:Aurora
3487:Lashly
3472:Wilson
3375:Nimrod
3352:Scotia
3159:Murray
3134:Cooper
3121:Terror
3103:Erebus
3072:Wilkes
3023:Palmer
2991:Vostok
2938:Bouvet
2862:-class
2842:Gakkel
2710:Taymyr
2691:Konrad
2660:Kuchin
2598:Yermak
2505:Lavrov
2423:Ovtsyn
2408:Bering
2386:Ivanov
2349:Hudson
2311:Pomors
2288:Cowper
2253:Karluk
2152:Isabel
2146:Bellot
2096:Austin
2064:Terror
2056:Erebus
1952:Griper
1928:Clerke
1888:Baffin
1871:Hudson
1802:Nansen
1715:Garðar
1636:Barneo
1503:ANT-25
1479:Italia
1455:Nobile
1424:Henson
1383:Amedeo
1359:Nansen
1324:Greely
1194:Hudson
1132:Arctic
1043:
1025:
1005:
965:
753:(1878)
720:(1911)
682:(1966)
491:Legacy
478:Persia
457:Hormuz
425:London
325:, and
243:, the
210:Humber
4180:Crary
4127:Dufek
4090:Oates
4080:Scott
4013:David
3994:Adams
3965:Barne
3786:Mirny
3775:Somov
3585:Quest
3482:Crean
3467:Scott
3346:Bruce
3300:Gauss
3293:Gauss
3167:Jason
3154:Nares
3028:Davis
3005:Mirny
2978:Smith
2933:Roché
2853:Lenin
2773:Sadko
2698:Wiese
2643:Sedov
2614:Zarya
2537:Payer
2500:Litke
2495:Anjou
2428:Minin
2391:Vagin
2381:Popov
2354:Poole
2209:Young
2022:Dease
1967:Hecla
1958:Parry
1883:Bylot
1866:Davis
1841:Cabot
1814:Peary
1796:Jason
1783:Egede
1697:Papar
1609:Skate
1590:Wiese
1570:NP-37
1563:NP-36
1443:Norge
1431:Sedov
1419:Peary
1377:Jason
1292:Nares
1286:Alert
1241:Hayes
1209:Parry
1147:Ocean
554:Notes
453:Qeshm
445:Dutch
437:Surat
435:near
398:Yemen
394:Mocha
386:Surat
327:Jones
323:Smith
241:Tiger
190:Inuit
4112:Byrd
4033:Fram
3984:Wild
3666:Marr
3632:BGLE
3619:Byrd
3547:Wild
3426:Fram
3228:Cook
2749:AARI
2734:Maud
2621:Toll
2546:Vega
2232:Gjøa
2217:Fram
2180:Kane
2017:Back
1982:Fury
1973:Lyon
1895:Munk
1534:NP-1
1436:Byrd
1353:Fram
1344:Fram
1236:Kane
1041:ISBN
1023:ISBN
1003:ISBN
963:ISBN
506:and
455:and
443:and
404:and
235:off
222:Hull
178:king
176:the
143:Life
129:and
59:Died
39:Born
3809:3rd
3795:2nd
3769:1st
3602:IGY
3598:IPY
2188:Fox
2084:Rae
1650:Mir
1626:NS
680:DCB
596:),
396:in
388:in
180:of
4215::
2714:/
1078:,
1064:,
984:,
946:,
891:,
876:27
860:82
772:^
751:EB
742:^
718:EB
689:^
631:^
321:,
204:,
200:,
137:.
112:c.
43:c.
3191:"
3185:"
3128:)
3124:(
3115:)
3106:(
1111:e
1104:t
1097:v
935:.
878:.
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