219:
84:
59:
988:
31:
525:
976:
540:. From a low of 50 individuals, in 2007 the herd had grown to some 175 wild individuals, 250 in 2010, and 310 in the Nigerien government's 2011 count. There were about 400 to 450 wild individuals as of 2016. Intensive efforts have been made within Niger, especially in the area just north of the
515:
project for the area around Niamey encouraged the development of woodcutting businesses. An unintended effect of this was the destruction of much tiger bush and giraffe habitat within the region. The
Nigerien government has since moved to limit woodcutting in the area.
556:. This area, though under little formal regulation, is the centre for Nigerien and international efforts to maintain habitat, smooth relations between the herd and area farmers, and provide opportunities for tourism, organised by the
536:. These giraffes were formally protected by the Niger government and have now risen to 600. Conservation efforts since the 1990s have led to a sizable growth in population, though largely limited to the single
402:
and hunting, a series of droughts since the late 19th century, and environment destruction (both natural and human made) have all contributed to their dramatic decline. As late as the 1960s, prior to the
350:). The West African giraffe is more closely related to the giraffes of East Africa than to those of Central Africa. Its ancestor may have migrated from East to North Africa during the
291:, yet in 2011 this subspecies only survives in a few isolated pockets containing about 400 individuals in total. All captive so-called "West African giraffe" are now known to be the
354:
and then to West Africa with the development of the Sahara desert. At its largest, Lake Chad may have acted as a barrier between West
African and Kordofan giraffes during the
447:(Cameroon) belong to the Kordofan giraffe, while the only remaining viable population of the West African giraffe is in Niger. In Niger, herds have been reported from the
798:
Brown, D. M.; Brenneman, R. A.; Koepfli, K. P.; Pollinger, J. P.; Milá, B; Georgiadis, N. J.; Louis Jr, E. E.; Grether, G. F.; Jacobs, D. K.; Wayne, R. K. (2007).
459:
valley of Niger. Drought struck again in the 1980s and 1990s, and in 1991 there were less than 100 in the nation, with the largest herd in the western
749:
Fennessy, Julian; Bidon, Tobias; Reuss, Friederike; Kumar, Vikas; Elkan, Paul; Nilsson, Maria A.; Vamberger, Melita; Fritz, Uwe; Janke, Axel (2016).
980:
1141:
557:
655:
1182:
1089:
1054:
992:
964:
Yvonnick Le Pendu and
Isabelle Ciofolo (1999). Seasonal movements of giraffes in Niger. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 15, pp 341–353
1115:
1222:
463:
numbering less than 50 and scattered individuals along the Niger River valley moving from Benin to Mali and clinging on in the
1120:
881:
704:
366:
The
Nigerien giraffe population relies upon seasonal migration between the relatively drought-resistant lowlands of the
1217:
634:
620:
1146:
1212:
1197:
1159:
703:
Hassanin, Alexandre; Ropiquet, Anne; Gourmand, Anne-Laure; Chardonnet, Bertrand; Rigoulet, Jacques (2007).
541:
537:
678:
1004:
918:
374:
habitat allows bands of trees to thrive in climates which might otherwise become more typical desert.
386:, at the time of European colonial administrations, West African giraffe lived in pockets across the
709:: consequences for taxonomy, phylogeography and conservation of giraffes in West and central Africa"
604:
307:
Older studies on giraffe subspecies have caused some researchers to question the separate status of
83:
435:
research has shown that the populations from northern
Cameroon and southern Chad actually are the
1207:
1192:
860:
501:
1000:
1202:
1016:
327:
326:
Most captive giraffes from northwestern Africa are in French zoological parks, a result of the
192:
957:
I. Ciofolo. "West Africa's Last
Giraffes: The Conflict between Development and Conservation,"
544:. From there, the largest existing herd migrates seasonally to the drier highlands along the
1133:
893:
1076:
762:
652:
507:
495:
8:
489:
218:
48:
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distinguished by its light colored spots. Its last self-sustaining herd is in southwest
826:
799:
444:
331:
78:
63:
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1187:
1063:
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343:
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and across the west and south of the country. Herds regularly traveled into the
273:
39:
861:"Giraffes and Frogs Provide More Evidence of New Species Hidden in Plain Sight"
724:
775:
750:
1176:
1128:
1039:
590:
477:
448:
404:
338:. However, since genetic analysis revealed that only giraffes to the west of
323:
published in 2007 confirmed the distinctiveness of the West
African giraffe.
68:
835:
816:
784:
732:
545:
460:
269:
30:
1102:
1048:
653:
Niger : la population des girafes augmente de 24% en 2011 (officiel)
533:
456:
395:
383:
367:
135:
342:
belong to this subspecies, the populations in
European zoos are in fact
1094:
452:
371:
351:
257:
145:
1107:
626:
339:
288:
95:
1010:
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The West
African giraffe survive primarily on a diet of leaves from
1033:
987:
579:
432:
428:
355:
115:
702:
1154:
1081:
751:"Multi-locus Analyses Reveal Four Giraffe Species Instead of One"
420:
391:
284:
261:
253:
169:
155:
524:
975:
681:. Centre d'Echange d'Informations sur la Biodiversité du Niger.
553:
277:
125:
105:
797:
921:, Association pour la Sauvegarde des Girafes du Niger (2007).
416:
387:
265:
407:
that lasted into the early 1980s, populations identified as
424:
412:
370:
valley and the drier highlands near Kouré. In this area,
930:
800:"Extensive population genetic structure in the giraffe"
748:
933:"Niger: Giraffes Make an Impressive Comeback in Niger"
919:
Projet d’étude et de conservation des
Girafes du Niger
532:
In the mid-1990s there were only 49 in the whole of
961:, Vol. 11, No. 4 (November 1995), pp. 577–588
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
676:
1174:
580:Fennessy, J.; Marais, A.; Tutchings, A. (2018).
605:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T136913A51140803.en
685:
931:MĂĽller-Jung, Friederike (26 September 2016).
672:
670:
668:
648:
646:
618:
361:
894:"Northern giraffe: Giraffa camelopardalis"
558:Association to Safeguard Giraffes in Niger
443:). Therefore, the giraffes that remain in
334:. Those giraffes were formerly treated as
217:
57:
29:
825:
815:
774:
665:
603:
643:
523:
470:
1001:West African Giraffe Photos & facts
528:West African giraffes near Kouré, Niger
302:
1175:
575:
573:
268:, supported by a series of refuges in
1015:
1014:
1160:A1D014FD-CDBF-4EAF-A979-100186FC2F41
744:
742:
619:Groves, Colin; Grubb, Peter (2011).
398:. Population growth, involving more
849:"Not one but 'six giraffe species'"
591:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
584:Giraffa camelopardalis ssp. peralta
570:
455:of Mali as well and throughout the
411:existed in Senegal, Niger, eastern
283:In the 19th century it ranged from
13:
951:
876:. Bradt UK/Globe Pequot Press US.
705:"Mitochondrial DNA variability in
677:Galadima, Mariama (16 July 2008).
14:
1234:
968:
863:. ScienceDaily (21 December 2007)
739:
1183:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
986:
974:
82:
924:
912:
898:Giraffe Conservation Foundation
886:
866:
552:, some 80 km southeast of
519:
377:
1055:Giraffa camelopardalis peralta
1025:Giraffa camelopardalis peralta
994:Giraffa camelopardalis peralta
854:
842:
791:
612:
245:Giraffa camelopardalis peralta
202:Giraffa camelopardalis peralta
1:
1223:Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas
851:. BBC News (21 December 2007)
563:
511:. In the late 1990s, an anti-
542:Dosso Partial Faunal Reserve
7:
1005:African Wildlife Foundation
959:Journal of Tropical Ecology
679:"Le Sanctuaire des Girafes"
10:
1239:
725:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.02.008
272:and the tourist center at
1218:Mammals described in 1898
1023:
776:10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.036
276:, some 80km southeast of
225:
216:
198:
191:
79:Scientific classification
77:
55:
46:
37:
28:
23:
713:Comptes Rendus Biologies
548:valley, as far north as
362:Distribution and habitat
502:Piliostigma reticulatum
1213:Mammals of West Africa
872:Geels, Jolijn (2006).
817:10.1186/1741-7007-5-57
707:Giraffa camelopardalis
598:: e.T136913A51140803.
529:
170:G. camelopardalis
1198:Fauna of Burkina Faso
662:, Xinhua, 2012-03-01.
527:
471:Ecology and behaviour
467:and nearby reserves.
248:), also known as the
226:Range in dark orange
24:West African giraffe
16:Subspecies of giraffe
983:at Wikimedia Commons
658:5 March 2016 at the
508:Balanites aegyptiaca
496:Parinari macrophylla
303:Evolutionary history
234:West African giraffe
767:2016CBio...26.2543F
490:Annona senegalensis
49:Conservation status
629:. pp. 68–70.
530:
445:Waza National Park
431:. However, recent
184:G. c. peralta
1170:
1169:
1017:Taxon identifiers
981:Nigerian Giraffes
979:Media related to
882:978-1-84162-152-4
761:(18): 2543–2549.
622:Ungulate Taxonomy
484:Hyphaene thebaica
400:intensive farming
344:Kordofan giraffes
230:
229:
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991:Data related to
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441:G. c. antiquorum
437:Kordofan giraffe
348:G. c. antiquorum
317:G. c. antiquorum
313:Kordofan giraffe
297:G. c. antiquorum
293:Kordofan giraffe
221:
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952:Further reading
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935:. AllAfrica.com
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901:
900:. 14 March 2019
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755:Current Biology
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660:Wayback Machine
651:
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571:
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513:desertification
473:
465:W National Park
380:
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328:French colonies
321:Genetic testing
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239:Giraffa peralta
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62:
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5:
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1208:Fauna of Niger
1205:
1200:
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1193:Fauna of Benin
1190:
1185:
1168:
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1009:
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997:at Wikispecies
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969:External links
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719:(3): 265–274.
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193:Trinomial name
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1203:Fauna of Mali
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486:
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478:Acacia albida
468:
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458:
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450:
449:Agadez Region
446:
442:
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427:and northern
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409:G. c. peralta
406:
405:Sahel drought
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397:
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336:G. c. peralta
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250:Niger giraffe
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939:27 September
937:. Retrieved
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902:. Retrieved
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546:Dallol Bosso
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520:Conservation
506:
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461:Dosso Region
440:
423:, southwest
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381:
378:Former range
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270:Dosso Region
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183:
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178:Subspecies:
168:
156:
136:Artiodactyla
18:
1103:iNaturalist
1049:Wikispecies
904:19 November
804:BMC Biology
534:West Africa
457:Niger River
419:, northern
415:, northern
396:West Africa
394:regions of
384:World War I
368:Niger River
332:West Africa
1177:Categories
1007:'s website
564:References
538:Dosso herd
453:Gao Region
372:Tiger bush
352:Quaternary
258:subspecies
146:Giraffidae
64:Vulnerable
627:JHU Press
340:Lake Chad
289:Lake Chad
164:Species:
102:Kingdom:
96:Eukaryota
1188:Giraffes
1082:10523172
1034:Wikidata
836:18154651
785:27618261
733:17434121
656:Archived
429:Cameroon
356:Holocene
311:and the
142:Family:
126:Mammalia
116:Chordata
112:Phylum:
106:Animalia
92:Domain:
69:IUCN 3.1
42:, Niger
1155:ZooBank
1121:1012252
1095:5787063
1040:Q781652
827:2254591
763:Bibcode
433:genetic
421:Nigeria
392:savanna
382:Before
285:Senegal
262:giraffe
260:of the
254:species
252:, is a
157:Giraffa
152:Genus:
132:Order:
122:Class:
67: (
1147:439326
1134:136913
1108:147659
880:
834:
824:
810:: 57.
783:
731:
633:
554:Niamey
505:, and
278:Niamey
211:, 1898
209:Thomas
1069:5HGST
874:Niger
550:Kouré
417:Benin
388:Sahel
274:Kouré
266:Niger
40:Kouré
38:Near
1142:NCBI
1129:IUCN
1116:ITIS
1090:GBIF
941:2016
906:2020
878:ISBN
832:PMID
781:PMID
729:PMID
631:ISBN
596:2018
481:and
425:Chad
413:Mali
390:and
232:The
1077:EoL
1064:CoL
1003:on
822:PMC
812:doi
771:doi
721:doi
717:330
600:doi
330:in
319:).
299:).
287:to
256:or
242:or
1179::
1157::
1144::
1131::
1118::
1105::
1092::
1079::
1066::
1051::
1036::
896:.
830:.
820:.
806:.
802:.
779:.
769:.
759:26
757:.
753:.
741:^
727:.
715:.
711:.
687:^
667:^
645:^
625:.
594:.
588:.
572:^
560:.
499:,
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838:.
814::
808:5
787:.
773::
765::
735:.
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639:.
608:.
602::
586:"
582:"
439:(
346:(
315:(
295:(
236:(
71:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
