743:'s observation that his sons should not be as honored as his brothers. Emperor Taizong agreed and also informed Empress Zhangsun, who was greatly impressed with Wei's honest advice, and therefore, after receiving permission from Emperor Taizong, she had her eunuchs send rewards of money and silk to Wei, praising him for his honesty. On another occasion, after Emperor Taizong returned from an imperial gathering, he was angry and yelled, "Let me find a chance to kill this farmer!" Empress Zhangsun asked whom he was referring to, and he replied, "I am referring to Wei Zheng. He always find a way to insult me in front of everyone in the imperial hall!" Empress Zhangsun retreated to her bedchambers and put on the official empress gown; standing solemnly, she prepared to bow to Emperor Taizong. He was surprised, and asked her what the reason was. She responded, "I have heard that only a most able emperor will have subordinates who have integrity. Wei shows this much integrity because you are an able emperor. How can I not congratulate you?" Emperor Taizong's anger turned to happiness, and he did not punish Wei. Soon, Wei was created a duke.
499:, killing them. He then effectively forced Emperor Gaozu to create him crown prince. He summoned Wei and rebuked him, "Why did you alienate us brothers?" Wei's colleagues were all fearful for him, but Wei, instead of begging for forgiveness, stated boldly, "If the Crown Prince had listened to my words, he would not have suffered this disaster." Li Shimin, who had been impressed with Wei himself, was further impressed by the answer, and he changed his attitude and treated Wei with respect, inviting Wei to serve on his own staff. Subsequently, when he sent Wei on a mission to pacify the eastern prefectures, Wei, believing that no one would believe Li Shimin's words that Li Jiancheng's and Li Yuanji's staff members would be spared if some of them, then under arrest, were not released, ordered them released—an act that Li Shimin was pleased with and impressed by. Later in 626, Emperor Gaozu yielded the throne to Li Shimin (as Emperor Taizong). Wei continued to serve in the imperial administration.
1005:, bedding, a small table, and canes, hoping to comfort him. When Wei wrote to thank him, Emperor Taizong wrote back, stating, "I honor you for the people and the state, not for you. Why thank me?" Meanwhile, Chu, himself by now developing a reputation for offering adverse advice, was pointing out that Emperor Taizong's favors for Li Tai were creating uncertainties for officials, and Emperor Taizong, trying to stem the rumors that Li Tai would displace Li Chengqian, appointed Wei as a senior advisor to Li Chengqian. When Wei grew better, he personally went to the palace to decline, but Emperor Taizong pointed out the symbolic importance of having someone as important as himself serve as Li Chengqian's advisor, stating that even if Wei could only lie on the bed, his being named a senior advisor to Li Chengqian would help clarify the situation. Wei relented and accepted.
752:), and at the feast, Zhangsun Wuji made the comment, "Wang Gui and Wei Zheng were our enemies before. I did not know at the time that we would get the chance to feast together." Emperor Taizong responded, "Wang and Wei served their master faithfully, and that was why I retained them. I do have a question: Every time that Wei gave me adverse advice and I did not accept it, then he refused to discuss the matter any further. Why?" Wei responded, "I give adverse advise only when I believe that something should not be done. If Your Imperial Majesty did not follow my advice, then if I continued to speak about it, the matter would be settled and would be done. That is why I spoke no further." Emperor Taizong responded, "You can first continue planning and then try to advise me again. What harm is there?" Wei responded, "It was written that
675:. Is it that my accomplishments were not great enough?" Wei responded, "They are great enough." Emperor Taizong asked, "Is it that my virtues were not great enough?" Wei responded, "They are great enough." Emperor Taizong asked, "Is it that China is not pacified enough?" Wei responded, "It is pacified enough." Emperor Taizong asked, "Is it that the barbaric nations have not submitted to me?" Wei responded, "They have." Emperor Taizong asked, "Is it that we have not had good harvests?" Wei responded, "We have had good harvests." Emperor Taizong asked, "Is it that signs of blessings have not occurred?" Wei responded, "They have." Emperor Taizong asked, "Then, why is it that I still cannot conduct
1014:) stay at Wei's mansion to oversee Wei's care. He also personally visited Wei, with Li Chengqian, and he pointed at his daughter Princess Hengshan and promised to give her to Wei's son Wei Shuyu in marriage. Wei died soon thereafter, and Emperor Taizong buried Wei with great honors and luxurious funeral supplies, although Wei's wife Lady Pei, pointing out that Wei was himself frugal in living, declined most of the luxuries. Wei was buried near the tomb of Empress Zhangsun (who died in 636), where Emperor Taizong would eventually himself be buried. He also commissioned a stone monument for Wei, and personally wrote the text of the monument. He missed Wei greatly and stated:
616:, the Eastern Tujue people should be placed within Tang borders but organized in tribal form, to serve as a defense perimeter on the northern border. Wei advocated that the Eastern Tujue people be placed north of Tang borders, believing that they would pose a threat if placed within Tang borders. Wen, however, argued that the Eastern Tujue people could eventually be assimilated and become an asset to the Tang state, and Emperor Taizong agreed with Wen. He established 10 prefectures to settle the Eastern Tujue people and made the major chieftains the prefects, while inviting a number of Eastern Tujue nobles to serve as generals at Chang'an.
283:(the Prince of Qin), with whom Li Jiancheng was locked in an intense rivalry. In 626, Li Shimin ambushed and killed Li Jiancheng, and then effectively forced Emperor Gaozu to yield the throne to him. Rather than punishing Wei Zheng, however, he was impressed with Wei's faithfulness to Li Jiancheng, and he made Wei an important official, eventually a chancellor. Wei Zheng's promotion to this position gave him far broader freedom to criticise others, particularly the emperor, than other officers of the court. He emphasized propriety and opposed overextending the state. His advice and criticism were not always accepted, but in accordance with
553:. Even though he had no wrongful intent, he should still be rebuked." Emperor Taizong agreed and rebuked Wei, but Wei bluntly refused to accept the rebuke, and Emperor Taizong later retracted the rebuke after concluding that Wei was correct. Throughout the rest of Wei's career, this became a pattern—that Wei would dare to speak against the emperor's opinions or acts despite Emperor Taizong's anger, and while Emperor Taizong did not accept everything that Wei said, he always treated Wei with respect.
1041:, a key advisor to Li Chengqian who was also exiled, as chancellor material, Emperor Taizong suspected Wei of factionalism. Also, it was discovered at the time that Wei had recorded his adverse advice to Emperor Taizong and given them to Chu, who was the imperial historian as well, displeasing Emperor Taizong further. He therefore cancelled the planned marriage between Princess Hengshan and Wei Shuyu and destroyed the stone monument that he had commissioned for Wei.
518:), a former Sui official who had submitted to Tang several years prior, had started a rebellion, and Emperor Taizong wanted to send forces to attack Feng, Wei advised against it, pointing out that Feng did not advance outside his own territories and appeared to be simply fearful that he had been accused of treason. Under Wei's suggestion, Emperor Taizong sent the official Li Gongyan (
43:
905:. When accusations were made that the high-level officials were disrespectful to Li Tai, Emperor Taizong was initially angry, rebuking the high-level officials. However, Wei responded that those high-level officials should, in fact, be more honored than the imperial princes, as the state's key personnel, and Emperor Taizong, seeing that Wei was correct, apologized.
770:) -- the head of the examination bureau of government and a chancellor post—to replace Wang. At that time, there were also a large backlog of legal matters being handled by the executive bureau, and Emperor Taizong temporarily assigned Wei to handle them. It was said that while Wei did not study law, he reasoned logically, and he was able to make proper decisions.
855:'s history). Wei was in charge of writing commentaries on a number of important persons whose biographies were contained in these histories, and after the histories were completed around 636, Emperor Taizong awarded him silk and upgraded his title to Duke of Zheng. (For reasons unclear, Wei was given credit as the lead editor of the
482:, suggested to Li Jiancheng that due to Li Shimin's accomplishments and fame, he posed a threat to Li Jiancheng, and that Li Jiancheng needed some victories of his own—indicating that he should volunteer to attack Liu. Li Jiancheng agreed, and later in 622 crushed Liu's forces. (Liu was betrayed by his own subordinate Zhuge Dewei (
409:), advocating that Li Mi take a defensive stance, refusing to engage Wang and draining Wang's food supplies. Zheng rejected the proposal, and the proposal apparently was never submitted to Li Mi. Subsequently, when Li Mi engaged Wang, Wang defeated him. Believing that he could no longer hold out against Wang, Li Mi fled to
299:), Wei Zheng's son. Subsequently, as a result of false accusations made by others in the court, the stone monument that Emperor Taizong had built for Wei Zheng was destroyed, and Emperor Taizong cancelled the planned marriage between Princess Hengshan and Wei Shuyu. However, after the failure of the campaign against
923:
secretly considering replacing Li
Chengqian with—and he made the statement, "Life is uncertain. If the Crown Prince should die early, how do you know that one of the princes would not be your lord in the future. How can you disrespect them?" Wei, seeing what was happening, spoke bluntly, "Ever since the
922:
In 638, there was yet another incident where Wang, by then the minister of ceremonies, suggested that high-level officials should not have to yield to imperial princes when their processions meet. Emperor
Taizong initially saw this as an insult to the imperial princes—particularly Li Tai, whom he was
1032:
Later in 643, however, Li
Chengqian was found to have plotted with Hou to overthrow Emperor Taizong, as he was apprehensive that Emperor Taizong would displace him with Li Tai. Emperor Taizong executed Hou and the other coconspirators, while deposing and exiling Li Chengqian (although he also blamed
725:
and Wang Gui arrived. The county officials displaced the imperial servants to house Li and Wang. When
Emperor Taizong heard this, he felt disrespected, and initially were going to punish the county officials. Wei disagreed, pointing out that Li and Wang were far more important and honored than the
639:) back to Gaochang to gather the emissaries to lead them to Chang'an. Wei advised against doing so—pointing out that if that happened, Tang would become deeply involved in Xiyu matters, and that the Tang state was not yet in a position of doing so. Emperor Taizong agreed and ordered Yanda to stop.
1000:
In 642, Wei was ill, and
Emperor Taizong and he exchanged letters with each other expressing how they missed each other, and in Wei's letters, he continued to give adverse advice to Emperor Taizong. Meanwhile, as Wei's mansion had no large halls, Emperor Taizong diverted the construction material
756:
warned his officials, 'Do not obey me in my presence and make secret speeches against what I do.' If I know that something is wrong, but I continue to discuss it with Your
Imperial Majesty, then I would be obeying you in your presence. That is not how Houji (后稷) and Ziqi (子棄, both legendary great
696:
Rivers to the Sea and Mount Dai , there are still few villages and few people. The weeds grow thickly without end, and this would be inviting barbarians to our abdomen and showing them our weaknesses. Further, even if we greatly reward them, they would not necessarily be pleased, having come from
607:
Ashina Duobi, and later that year, after Ashina Duobi was captured, Eastern Tujue chieftains submitted to Tang. Emperor
Taizong requested opinions on what to do with Eastern Tujue's people. There were many different opinions, but the two opinions that Emperor Taizong appeared to consider the most
507:
After
Emperor Taizong took the throne, he created Wei the Baron of Julu. Later in 626, when Emperor Taizong buried Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji with honors due imperial princes, Wei Zheng and Wang Gui requested permission to attend the funeral procession. Emperor Taizong agreed, and further ordered
683:
Wei responded, "Even though Your
Imperial Majesty has accomplished these six achievements, we are still inheriting the state left after the great confusion at the end of Sui rule. The population is greatly reduced and has not recovered. The food stores are still empty. When Your Imperial Majesty
511:
It was said that when
Emperor Taizong first took the throne, he was looking for ways to improve his reign. As he believed that Wei had great abilities in governance, he often invited Wei into his own bedroom to converse with him. Wei had the fortitude to speak up for what he saw to be right, and
1048:, he regretted the campaign and stated, "If Wei Zheng were still alive, he would not have allowed me to go on this campaign." He sent imperial messengers to make sacrifices to Wei and restore the stone monument, and he also summoned Wei's wife and children, greatly awarding them.
303:
in 646, Emperor Taizong, believing that Wei Zheng would have stopped him from going on the campaign had he lived longer, restored the stone monument. Wei Zheng's effect and influence has been examined by many historians long after his death. Wei Zheng is also revered as a minor
984:) was subsequently accused of raping Gaochang women, Emperor Taizong was going to hold cross-examination sessions between Xue and the alleged victims, but on Wei's urging—that whatever the results were, the empire would be harmed—Emperor Taizong cancelled the investigation.
977:
also spoke of—but Emperor Taizong disagreed and annexed Gaochang directly. (Emperor Taizong would later regret this in 642, when the need to station soldiers at Gaochang became more and more expensive in monetary and human costs.) When Hou's lieutenant Xue Wanjun
997:) of imperial construction projects — which Emperor Taizong saw as an encroachment on his liberty. However, Wei pointed out that chancellors were supposed to be responsible for all affairs of state, and Emperor Taizong, realizing that he had erred, was humbled.
646:
scheme where the great contributors to Tang rule would be granted posts as prefectural prefects, to be inherited by their descendants. (Subsequently, however, due to other officials' opposition—the strongest of which came from Emperor Taizong's brother-in-law
488:) in early 623 and turned over to Li Jiancheng; Li Jiancheng killed him.) As the brothers' rivalry intensified over the year, Wei repeatedly suggested to Li Jiancheng that he must act first and kill Li Shimin. Li Jiancheng could not resolve to do so.
940:
He then awarded both Fang and Wei an imperial sword. Also around that time, Wei advised him to be cognizant that he was not accepting adverse advice from others as he had previously. Emperor Taizong agreed to examine himself more carefully.
290:
After Wei Zheng's death in 643, the emperor commented that he was a mirror to show the mistakes of the court, and built an elaborate tomb for him near his own imperial tomb and betrothed one of his daughters, Princess Hengshan, to Wei Shuyu
927:, succession is always from father to son, not to brothers, to prevent plotting by younger sons and stop infighting at their origin. This is what the rulers need to be careful about." Emperor Taizong thereafter approved Wang's proposal.
457:
the Prince of Qin (Emperor Gaozu's son), was defeated and captured by Li Shimin. The Xia officials initially fled back to the Xia capital Ming Prefecture (洺州, in modern Handan as well) subsequently decided to surrender, and Wei followed
1019:
Using copper as a mirror allows one to keep his clothes neat. Using history as a mirror allows one to see the future trends. Using a person as a mirror allows one to see what is right and what is wrong. When Wei Zheng died, I lost a
591:
to investigate. Wei, however, pointed out that both Fang and Wang were trusted officials who should be given free rein and not have the details of their acts be picked on. Emperor Taizong agreed and cancelled the investigations.
908:
In 637, a new code of rites, coauthored by Wei and Fang, was completed. Also in 637, Wei submitted a petition containing a number of advice for Emperor Taizong to continuously examine himself. This petition was later titled the
376:), rebelled against the Sui as well and submitted to Li Mi. He invited Wei Zheng to serve on his staff, as his secretary. Wei subsequently drafted submissions from Yuan to Li Mi, suggesting that Li Mi attack and seize nearby
773:
In 634, when Emperor Taizong wanted to send officials to visit the circuits to see how the people were doing in the provinces, Li Jing recommended Wei. Emperor Taizong, however, responded, "Wei needs to point out
1346:
433:
the Emperor of Xu (who had led the coup that killed Emperor Yang in 618), Wei went to Yuan to persuade him to submit to Tang. Yuan did so. Wei apparently subsequently went back to Liyang. In winter 619, when
935:
Before I took the throne, it was by Fang Xuangling's assistance that I was able to seize power. After I took the throne, it was by Wei Zheng's assistance that I was able to have my errors corrected.
757:
officials during Emperor Shun's reign) served Emperor Shun." Emperor Taizong laughed and stated, "Everyone says that Wei is arrogant and careless, but I call him 'delicate'; this shows it."
1339:
666:), Emperor Taizong considered doing so, but Wei opposed, and this led to a famous conversation between them, which showcased Wei's personal philosophy against overextending the state:
1332:
697:
afar. Even if you exempt the people from taxes for many years, you still cannot compensate them for their losses. Why would Your Imperial Majesty want to simply hold a great
534:
region was pacified, better than if 100,000 men were sent. He must receive an award." He awarded Wei with silk. Around that time, he also made Wei a deputy head of the
271:'s rebellion against the Sui dynasty in his youth. After Li Mi's submission to the Tang Empire, Wei Zheng became a Tang official and eventually served on the staff of
438:
the Prince of Xia, one of Tang's major rivals, attacked and captured Liyang, Wei was among the people captured by Dou, along with Emperor Gaozu's cousin Li Shentong (
421:(later known as Li Shiji) still holding the Liyang region, Wei requested that Emperor Gaozu send him to Liyang to persuade Xu to submit to Tang as well. Xu did so.
721:). He sent some of his servants back to Chang'an, and they were staying at the official lodges at Weichuan County (湋川, also in modern Baoji), when the chancellors
450:). (Li Shiji was not captured, but several days later felt compelled to surrender to Dou as well, as his father had become a captive.) Dou made Wei his secretary.
956:
of a newly recreated Eastern Tujue state (as Qilibi Khan), and had him take the Eastern Tujue people outside of Tang territory, to be settled between Tang and
549:
investigate, and Wen found no evidence of wrongdoing. Wen nevertheless stated to Emperor Taizong, "Wei did not care about public perception or appearance of
684:
heads east , the thousands of horses and wagons require supplies everywhere they go, and it is difficult for the local government to do so. In addition, at
948:
formed a plot to ambush Emperor Taizong, but his plot was discovered and destroyed, Emperor Taizong created a Tujue prince who had served him faithfully,
388:). Li Mi was impressed, and when he found out that Wei wrote the submissions, he requested Yuan send Wei to him. He subsequently made Wei his secretary.
530:) to follow Li Gongyan to Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Taizong. Pleased, Emperor Taizong stated, "Wei had me send a messenger, and as a result the
1911:
1514:
963:
In 640, after a number of years during which Qu Wentai, initially submissive to Tang, became hostile to Tang interests and had allied himself with
1008:
In spring 643, Wei was gravely ill. Emperor Taizong sent numerous messengers to attend to Wei's illness, and further had the official Li Anyan (
491:
In 626, however, Li Shimin, believing that Li Jiancheng would kill him, ambushed Li Jiancheng and another brother who supported Li Jiancheng,
342:. Wei lost his father early in life and was poor, but had great expectations, not caring about making wealth. At one point, he became a
1906:
930:
In 638, Emperor Taizong, celebrating the birth of a grandson, held a feast for imperial officials, at which he made the comment:
960:. At that time, Emperor Taizong made the comment that he nearly suffered because he did not listen to Wei's suggestion in 630.
608:
were the ones by Wen and Wei, who debated extensively before Emperor Taizong. Wen argued that, pursuant to precedents of what
1507:
967:, Emperor Taizong sent Hou Junji to conquer Gaochang. Qu Wentai died from illness during the siege, and his son Qu Zhisheng (
785:
Emperor Taizong had commissioned the compilation of several official histories of Tang's predecessor dynasties—commissioning
633:
states heard this, they wanted to send emissaries as well, and Emperor Taizong initially ordered Qu's official Yanda Gegan (
1891:
1237:
713:
Around the same time, there was an incident when Emperor Taizong visited his summer palace Jiucheng Palace (九成宮, in modern
1226:
1191:
1001:
that he was going to use for an imperial hall and constructed a hall for Wei in five days, and further awarded him with
739:
had to exceed that for his sister, the Princess Yongjia. Wei advised against it, pointing out that this was contrary to
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
746:
Later that year, there was an occasion when Emperor Taizong held a feast for the high-level officials at Danxiao Hall (
1931:
1215:
1936:
1500:
279:, the Tang dynasty's founding emperor. As such, he served against the interests of Li Jiancheng's younger brother,
380:(魏郡, also part of modern Handan) and a large food storage that Emperor Yang built, Liyang Storage (黎陽倉, in modern
358:
At the end of Emperor Yang's reign, there were many rebellions against Sui rule. One of the major ones was led by
1135:
735:). As the princess was born of Empress Zhangsun and was his favorite daughter, Emperor Taizong ordered that her
1926:
1175:
239:
1941:
1026:
350:
was beginning to make Sui fall into a state of confusion, he particularly paid attention to strategic works.
862:
Also in 636, Wei tried to resign on account of eye illnesses. Emperor Taizong relieved him from his post as
1921:
973:) surrendered. Wei advised that Emperor Taizong should keep Qu on the throne, as an ally—a suggestion that
474:
had long heard of Wei's talents, and he invited Wei to serve as his librarian. In 622, with Dou's general
1033:
Li Tai's machinations for Li Chengqian's downfall and exiled him as well, creating their younger brother
535:
508:
that all officials who served on Li Jiancheng's and Li Yuanji's staffs to attend the funeral procession.
1324:
1441:
574:
479:
20:
1087:
1082:
919:) and became a famous document often held up as examples of how officials should advise the emperor.
1029:
to commemorate the 24 great contributors to Tang rule, Wei's was one of the portraits commissioned.
1830:
546:
478:
having risen against Tang and captured most of former Xia territory, Wei and another staff member,
726:
imperial servants. Emperor Taizong relented and did not punish the county officials, Li, or Wang.
512:
Emperor Taizong often gladly accepted his suggestions. In 627, when it was rumored that Feng Ang (
1855:
1825:
1815:
1795:
1775:
1034:
496:
454:
280:
247:
991:
drew rebuke from Emperor Taizong when they inquired of the deputy imperial architect, Dou Desu (
444:) the Prince of Huai'an, Emperor Gaozu's sister Princess Tong'an, and Li Shiji's father Li Gai (
1710:
1401:
729:
Emperor Taizong was about to marry the Princess Changle to Zhangsun Wuji's son Zhangsun Chong (
722:
596:
1916:
1102:
414:
276:
1319:
550:
8:
1901:
1896:
1680:
1640:
847:
740:
609:
359:
347:
268:
362:
the Duke of Wei. In 617, the secretary general of Wuyang Commandery (武陽, part of modern
1720:
1705:
945:
778:
faults, and I cannot let him go." Instead, he sent 13 officials, including Li Jing and
294:
157:
1211:
693:
1650:
1355:
1232:
1221:
1162:
1139:
760:
In 633, after Wang was accused of leaking palace secrets, Emperor Taizong made Wei
689:
587:
and Wang Gui of improper selection of officials, Emperor Taizong initially ordered
524:) to comfort Feng; Feng then showed his submission by sending his son Feng Zhidai (
453:
In 621, Dou, while trying to aid Wang, under siege at Luoyang by the Tang general
1436:
630:
629:, was set to arrive at Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Taizong. When the other
321:
232:
209:
688:, the rulers and chiefs of the nations should all attend you. However, from the
403:(Emperor Yang's grandson). Wei spoke with Li Mi's secretary general Zheng Ting (
1243:
1061:
1002:
557:
417:. Wei followed him to Tang territory. Subsequently, with Li Mi's major general
377:
287:
etiquette, the emperor would concede to his suggestions with some regularity.
1885:
1820:
1785:
1740:
1580:
1451:
1386:
1366:
1065:
964:
828:
823:
800:
648:
584:
392:
225:
214:
1575:
1037:
crown prince instead). As Wei had previously repeatedly recommended Hou and
642:
In 631, despite Wei's advice against it, Emperor Taizong began setting up a
1835:
1695:
1660:
1555:
1523:
1466:
1456:
1411:
1314:
974:
953:
924:
902:
838:
833:
795:
786:
753:
707:
654:
In 632, at the urgings of many officials who believed that he should go to
471:
467:
410:
272:
243:
205:
1492:
1870:
1790:
1715:
1630:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1426:
1391:
1371:
1354:
1038:
988:
949:
852:
813:
808:
804:
463:
430:
339:
317:
256:
251:
132:
59:
1865:
1840:
1805:
1745:
1700:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1600:
1565:
1540:
1481:
1416:
1396:
1127:
818:
790:
604:
435:
391:
In 618, Li Mi was ready for a major confrontation with the Sui general
1044:
In 645, after Emperor Taizong carried out a failed attempt to conquer
1850:
1780:
1765:
1760:
1730:
1725:
1685:
1625:
1471:
1461:
1446:
1431:
1421:
957:
842:
659:
655:
643:
588:
492:
475:
400:
284:
1860:
1845:
1810:
1800:
1770:
1635:
1610:
1476:
1376:
1069:
1057:
1045:
626:
542:
418:
305:
300:
81:
1309:
1655:
1620:
1615:
1605:
1585:
1535:
1406:
1131:
779:
718:
613:
531:
396:
325:
85:
63:
1750:
1735:
1690:
1595:
1590:
1545:
898:
459:
363:
343:
1645:
736:
714:
600:
385:
367:
329:
264:
250:. He was also the lead editor of the official history of the
67:
710:
were suffering floods, so Emperor Taizong gave up the idea.
381:
42:
897:
By this point, Emperor Taizong had begun to favor his son
346:
monk. He favored studying, and as he saw that the rule of
316:
Wei Zheng was born in 580, shortly before the founding of
876:), but still gave him full authority as if he were still
577:. Later that year, when the assistant censor Quan Wanji (
238:, was a Chinese politician and historian. He served as a
706:
Incidentally, at that time, many prefectures around the
1025:
Later that year, when Emperor Taizong commissioned the
1356:
Twenty-four meritorious officials of Lingyan Pavilion
1210:
by Howard J. Wechsler (Yale University Press: 1974)
671:
Emperor Taizong asked, "You oppose my conducting of
599:
had inflicted a heavy blow to the forces of Eastern
429:In spring 619, with Yuan Baozang being attacked by
1126:
556:In 629, Emperor Taizong made Wei the head of the
1883:
952:(né Ashina Simo) the Prince of Huaihua, as the
651:—Emperor Taizong cancelled the feudal scheme.)
395:, who had seized power at the eastern capital
263:Wei Zheng was born to a poor family in modern
1508:
1340:
1009:
992:
979:
968:
914:
885:
871:
765:
747:
730:
634:
620:
578:
565:
525:
519:
513:
483:
445:
439:
404:
371:
333:
292:
175:
166:
155:
1522:
1515:
1501:
1347:
1333:
1318:(which collects Wei Zheng's poems) in the
560:, but gave him the additional designation
545:. Emperor Taizong had the imperial censor
502:
1912:Chancellors under Emperor Taizong of Tang
782:, out to the circuits for this mission.
424:
1081:Portrayed by Maeng Ho-rim in 2006-2007
246:for about 13 years during the reign of
1884:
1174:era, per Emperor Taizong's biography (
701:ceremony but receive real detriments?"
353:
19:For other people named Wei Zheng, see
1496:
1328:
901:over his oldest son and crown prince
880:. He also continued to designate him
275:, the Crown Prince and eldest son of
944:In 639, after Ashina Duobi's nephew
541:Later that year, Wei was accused of
399:as the regent to Sui's last emperor
866:and gave him the honorific post of
13:
1075:
14:
1953:
1303:
338:) was a county magistrate during
16:Tang Dynasty chancellor (580–643)
41:
1201:
1136:Vol. 97, biography of Wei Zheng
1907:7th-century Chinese historians
1184:
1170:month of the 17th year of the
1155:
1120:
1068:, usually in partnership with
731:
660:pay homage to heaven and earth
526:
514:
405:
1:
1109:
1051:
1027:Portraits at Lingyan Pavilion
466:. Emperor Gaozu's oldest son
413:territory and surrendered to
332:). His father Wei Changxian (
311:
260:, which was composed in 636.
1114:
1056:Wei Zheng is venerated as a
859:, but not the other works.)
320:in 581. His family was from
7:
1892:Transition from Sui to Tang
1208:Mirror to the Son of Heaven
1095:
536:Department of State Affairs
78:643 (aged 62–63)
10:
1958:
583:) accused the chancellors
203:
21:Wei Zheng (disambiguation)
18:
1531:
1362:
1010:
993:
980:
969:
915:
886:
872:
817:(Sui dynasty's history);
766:
748:
635:
621:
579:
566:
520:
484:
462:back to the Tang capital
446:
440:
372:
334:
293:
224:(580 – 11 February 643),
194:
184:
176:
167:
156:
147:
139:
125:
117:
107:
100:
92:
74:
52:
40:
35:
28:
1932:Politicians from Xingtai
1192:Petition on Ten Thoughts
1143:
911:Petition on Ten Thoughts
619:Late in 630, Qu Wentai (
1937:Tang dynasty historians
503:Emperor Taizong's reign
1023:
938:
704:
105:Duke Wenzhen of Zheng
1927:Historians from Hebei
1103:Twenty-Four Histories
1016:
932:
668:
495:the Prince of Qi, at
425:Emperor Gaozu's reign
415:Emperor Gaozu of Tang
236:Duke Wenzhen of Zheng
121:Politician, historian
1942:Tang dynasty Taoists
1320:Chinese Text Project
890:), keeping him as a
595:In 630, the general
551:conflict of interest
324:(鉅鹿, roughly modern
308:in parts of Taiwan.
1922:Deified Chinese men
1151:] (in Chinese).
848:Book of Northern Qi
741:Emperor Ming of Han
610:Eastern Han dynasty
354:Service under Li Mi
348:Emperor Yang of Sui
47:Statue of Wei Zheng
946:Ashina Jiesheshuai
1879:
1878:
1490:
1489:
987:In 641, Fang and
841:'s history); and
370:), Yuan Baozang (
202:
201:
1949:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1233:New Book of Tang
1222:Old Book of Tang
1196:
1188:
1182:
1180:Old Book of Tang
1159:
1153:
1152:
1149:New Book of Tang
1134:, eds. (1060). "
1124:
1013:
1012:
996:
995:
983:
982:
972:
971:
918:
917:
889:
888:
875:
874:
831:'s history) and
769:
768:
751:
750:
734:
733:
638:
637:
624:
623:
582:
581:
570:), making him a
569:
568:
529:
528:
523:
522:
517:
516:
487:
486:
449:
448:
443:
442:
408:
407:
375:
374:
337:
336:
298:
297:
186:
179:
178:
170:
169:
161:
160:
128:
110:
109:
102:
93:Other names
45:
26:
25:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1527:
1521:
1491:
1486:
1437:Zhangsun Shunde
1358:
1353:
1306:
1204:
1199:
1189:
1185:
1160:
1156:
1145:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1098:
1078:
1076:Popular culture
1054:
1003:folding screens
845:to compile the
821:to compile the
811:to compile the
793:to compile the
681:
625:), the king of
562:Canyu Chaozheng
505:
427:
356:
322:Julu Commandery
314:
306:god of doorways
248:Emperor Taizong
233:posthumous name
219:
190:
126:
113:
106:
88:
79:
70:
57:
48:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1955:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1305:
1304:External links
1302:
1301:
1300:
1244:Zizhi Tongjian
1240:
1229:
1218:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1183:
1154:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1077:
1074:
1066:Taoist temples
1053:
1050:
558:Palace Library
504:
501:
426:
423:
378:Wei Commandery
355:
352:
313:
310:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
189:
188:
181:
172:
163:
151:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
129:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
112:
111:
103:
96:
94:
90:
89:
80:
76:
72:
71:
58:
54:
50:
49:
46:
38:
37:
33:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1954:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:Zhang Yanyuan
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Xiao Zhizhong
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:Wei Chengqing
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:Fang Xuanling
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:Zhang Gongjin
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:Zhangsun Wuji
1365:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:0-300-01715-4
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1119:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1088:Yeon Gaesomun
1084:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1006:
1004:
998:
990:
985:
976:
966:
965:Western Tujue
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
942:
937:
936:
931:
928:
926:
920:
912:
906:
904:
900:
895:
893:
883:
879:
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
849:
844:
840:
836:
835:
830:
829:Liang dynasty
826:
825:
824:Book of Liang
820:
816:
815:
810:
806:
803:'s history);
802:
801:Northern Zhou
798:
797:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
771:
763:
758:
755:
744:
742:
738:
727:
724:
720:
716:
711:
709:
703:
702:
698:
695:
691:
685:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
649:Zhangsun Wuji
645:
640:
632:
628:
617:
615:
612:did with the
611:
606:
602:
598:
593:
590:
586:
585:Fang Xuanling
576:
573:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
509:
500:
498:
494:
489:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
451:
437:
432:
422:
420:
416:
412:
402:
398:
394:
393:Wang Shichong
389:
387:
383:
379:
369:
365:
361:
351:
349:
345:
341:
331:
327:
323:
319:
309:
307:
302:
296:
288:
286:
282:
278:
277:Emperor Gaozu
274:
270:
267:, and joined
266:
261:
259:
258:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
230:
227:
226:courtesy name
223:
217:
216:
211:
207:
197:
193:
182:
173:
164:
159:
153:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
135:
134:
130:
124:
120:
118:Occupation(s)
116:
104:
98:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
55:
51:
44:
39:
34:
27:
22:
1917:Chinese gods
1836:Zhao Yanzhao
1755:
1696:Lu Xiangxian
1661:Linghu Defen
1556:Chu Suiliang
1524:Tang dynasty
1467:Liu Zhenghui
1457:Cheng Zhijie
1412:Duan Zhixuan
1381:
1315:Quan Tangshi
1313:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1207:
1202:Bibliography
1190:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1140:
1122:
1101:
1086:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1007:
999:
986:
975:Chu Suiliang
962:
943:
939:
934:
933:
929:
925:Zhou dynasty
921:
910:
907:
903:Li Chengqian
896:
894:chancellor.
891:
881:
877:
867:
863:
861:
856:
846:
839:Chen dynasty
834:Book of Chen
832:
822:
812:
796:Book of Zhou
794:
787:Linghu Defen
784:
775:
772:
761:
759:
754:Emperor Shun
745:
728:
712:
708:Yellow River
705:
700:
687:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:
663:
653:
641:
618:
594:
571:
561:
555:
540:
510:
506:
490:
472:Crown Prince
468:Li Jiancheng
452:
428:
411:Tang dynasty
390:
357:
315:
289:
273:Li Jiancheng
262:
255:
244:Tang dynasty
235:
228:
221:
220:
213:
206:Chinese name
183:Wei Shulin (
174:Wei Shuwan (
131:
127:Notable work
1871:Zhu Qinming
1791:Xu Jingzong
1716:Pei Yanling
1631:Li Chunfeng
1571:Cui Shenyou
1561:Cui Guicong
1551:Chen Yixing
1442:Zhang Liang
1372:Li Xiaogong
1166:day of the
1141:Xin Tangshu
1039:Du Zhenglun
989:Gao Shilian
882:Canyi Deshi
857:Book of Sui
853:Northern Qi
814:Book of Sui
809:Xu Jingzong
805:Kong Yingda
497:Xuanwu Gate
431:Yuwen Huaji
340:Northern Qi
318:Sui dynasty
257:Book of Sui
252:Sui dynasty
210:family name
165:Wei Shuyú (
154:Wei Shuyù (
133:Book of Sui
60:Julu County
1902:643 deaths
1897:580 births
1886:Categories
1866:Zhu Jingze
1841:Zheng Lang
1806:Yao Silian
1746:Wei Chuhou
1701:Niu Sengru
1676:Liu Congyi
1671:Liu Youqiu
1666:Linghu Tao
1601:Jiang Shen
1576:Fan Lübing
1566:Cui Renshi
1541:Cen Wenben
1526:historians
1417:Liu Hongji
1397:Yuchi Gong
1236:, vol. 97
1225:, vol. 71
1128:Ouyang Xiu
1110:References
1085:TV series
1052:Veneration
819:Yao Silian
791:Cen Wenben
662:(known as
605:Jiali Khan
575:chancellor
436:Dou Jiande
312:Background
240:chancellor
99:Xuancheng
1856:Zheng Yin
1851:Zheng Tan
1831:Zhang Yue
1781:Xiao Song
1766:Wei Zhiyi
1761:Wei Zhigu
1756:Wei Zheng
1731:Sima Zhen
1726:Quan Deyu
1686:Liu Zhiji
1626:Li Baiyao
1482:Qin Qiong
1472:Tang Jian
1462:Yu Shinan
1447:Hou Junji
1432:Chai Shao
1422:Qutu Tong
1387:Fang Qiao
1382:Wei Zheng
1172:Zhen'guan
1115:Citations
958:Xueyantuo
843:Li Baiyao
656:Mount Tai
589:Hou Junji
547:Wen Yanbo
493:Li Yuanji
476:Liu Heita
455:Li Shimin
401:Yang Tong
285:Confucian
281:Li Shimin
229:Xuancheng
222:Wei Zheng
30:Wei Zheng
1861:Zhou Chi
1846:Zheng Su
1826:Zhang Yi
1816:Zhang Xi
1811:Yuan Zai
1801:Yang Wan
1796:Yang Yan
1776:Xiao Hua
1771:Wu Sansi
1636:Li Dashi
1611:Li Linfu
1477:Li Shiji
1427:Yin Jiao
1392:Gao Jian
1377:Du Ruhui
1247:, vols.
1096:See also
1070:Li Shiji
1060:in some
1058:door god
1046:Goguryeo
892:de facto
878:Shizhong
864:Shizhong
762:Shizhong
699:Fengshan
686:Fengshan
677:Fengshan
673:Fengshan
664:Fengshan
627:Gaochang
572:de facto
543:nepotism
480:Wang Gui
464:Chang'an
419:Xu Shiji
301:Goguryeo
204:In this
148:Children
143:Lady Pei
1721:Qi Kang
1711:Pei Xiu
1681:Liu Zhi
1656:Li Yifu
1651:Li Xian
1621:Li Anqi
1616:Li Shen
1606:Li Jifu
1586:Guan Bo
1536:Cao Que
1407:Xiao Yu
1402:Li Jing
1312:of the
1310:Book 31
1132:Song Qi
1062:Chinese
1020:mirror.
950:Li Simo
780:Xiao Yu
723:Li Jing
719:Shaanxi
614:Xiongnu
597:Li Jing
532:Lingnan
397:Luoyang
326:Xingtai
242:of the
198:Wei Wan
86:Shaanxi
64:Xingtai
1751:Wei Mo
1736:Su Gui
1706:Pei Ji
1691:Lu Sui
1641:Li Kui
1596:Jia Su
1591:Han Yu
1546:Cen Xi
1214:
1163:wuchen
1035:Li Zhi
899:Li Tai
644:feudal
460:Pei Ju
364:Handan
344:Taoist
254:, the
208:, the
195:Father
140:Spouse
108:(鄭文貞公)
1646:Li Bi
1178:) in
1176:vol.3
1168:zheng
1147:[
868:Tejin
737:dowry
715:Baoji
601:Tujue
386:Henan
368:Hebei
360:Li Mi
330:Hebei
269:Li Mi
265:Hebei
82:Xi'an
68:Hebei
1212:ISBN
1064:and
954:khan
887:參議得失
807:and
789:and
692:and
636:厭怛紇干
631:Xiyu
567:參豫朝政
485:諸葛德威
470:the
382:Hebi
101:(玄成)
75:Died
53:Born
1297:198
1293:197
1289:196
1285:195
1281:194
1277:193
1273:192
1269:191
1265:190
1261:187
1257:186
1253:185
1249:184
1144:新唐書
1138:".
1083:SBS
1011:李安儼
994:竇德素
981:薛萬均
970:麴智盛
916:十思疏
749:丹霄殿
732:長孫沖
694:Luo
658:to
622:麴文泰
603:'s
580:權萬紀
527:馮智戴
521:李公淹
441:李神通
373:元寶藏
335:魏長賢
295:魏叔玉
215:Wei
212:is
185:魏叔璘
177:魏叔琬
168:魏叔瑜
158:魏叔玉
56:580
1888::
1295:,
1291:,
1287:,
1283:,
1279:,
1275:,
1271:,
1267:,
1263:,
1259:,
1255:,
1251:,
1130:;
1072:.
873:特進
776:my
767:侍中
717:,
690:Yi
679:?"
538:.
515:馮盎
447:李蓋
406:鄭頲
384:,
366:,
328:,
231:,
84:,
66:,
62:,
36:魏徵
1516:e
1509:t
1502:v
1348:e
1341:t
1334:v
1299:.
1239:.
1228:.
1195:.
1091:.
978:(
913:(
884:(
870:(
851:(
837:(
827:(
799:(
764:(
564:(
291:(
218:.
187:)
180:)
171:)
162:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
