Vostok 1 - Knowledge

959: 1470: 1403:)), but the equipment module unexpectedly remained attached to the reentry module by a bundle of wires. At around 07:35 UTC, the two parts of the spacecraft began reentry and went through strong gyrations as Vostok 1 neared Egypt. At this point the wires broke, the two modules separated, and the descent module settled into the proper reentry attitude. Gagarin telegraphed "Everything is OK" despite continuing gyrations; he later reported that he did not want to "make noise" as he had (correctly) reasoned that the gyrations did not endanger the mission (and were apparently caused by the spherical shape of the reentry module). As Gagarin continued his descent, he remained conscious as he experienced about 8 74: 1776:

Vostok; the government forced the cosmonaut to lie in press conferences, and the FAI certified the flight. The Soviet Union did not admit until 1971 that Gagarin had ejected and landed separately from the Vostok descent module. Gagarin's spaceflight records were nonetheless certified and reaffirmed by the FAI, which revised its rules, and acknowledged that the crucial steps of the safe launch, orbit, and return of the pilot had been accomplished. Gagarin is internationally recognised as the first human in space and first to orbit the Earth.

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must realise that it is hard to express my feelings now that the test for which we have been training ardently and long is at hand. I don't have to tell you what I felt when it was suggested that I should make this flight, the first in history. Was it joy? No, it was something more than that. Pride? No, it was not just pride. I felt very happy - to be the first in space, to engage in an unprecedented duel with Nature - could one dream of anything greater than that?

668:, compared to the relatively short single-orbit mission of Vostok 1. When Gagarin and Titov were informed of the decision during a meeting on April 9, Gagarin was very happy, and Titov was disappointed. On 10 April, this meeting was reenacted in front of television cameras, so there would be official footage of the event. This included an acceptance speech by Gagarin. As an indication of the level of secrecy involved, one of the other cosmonaut candidates, 1478: 795: 3520: 1862: 1329: 1785: 1801:

the achievement even more impressive. Unlike the United States, the USSR had to begin from a position of tremendous disadvantage. Its industrial infrastructure had been ruined, and its technological capabilities were outdated at best. A good portion of its land had been devastated by war, and it had lost about 25 million citizens ... but it was the totalitarian state that overwhelmingly took the lead .

843: 988:, and a few others, periodically joking and singing songs. Following a series of tests and checks, about forty minutes after Gagarin entered the spacecraft, its hatch was closed. Gagarin, however, reported that the hatch was not sealed properly, and technicians spent about 15 minutes removing all the screws and sealing the hatch again. According to a 2014 obituary, Vostok's chief designer, 857:. This was because medical staff and spacecraft engineers were unsure how a human might react to weightlessness, and therefore it was decided to lock the pilot's manual controls. In an unusual move, a code to unlock the controls was placed in an onboard envelope, for Gagarin's use in case of emergency. Prior to the flight, Kamanin and others told Gagarin the code (1-2-5) anyway. 894:), Gagarin and Titov were given a final review of the flight plan. They were informed that launch was scheduled to occur the following day, at 09:07 Moscow Time. This time was chosen so that when the capsule started to fly over Africa, which was when the retrorockets would need to fire for reentry, the solar illumination would be ideal for the orientation system's sensors. 1622:, then the US ambassador to the United Nations, was quoted as saying, "Now that the Soviet scientists have put a man into space and brought him back alive, I hope they will also help to bring the United Nations back alive," and on a more serious note urged international agreements covering the use of space (which did not occur until the 898:

ensure a good night's sleep, but they both declined. Physicians had attached sensors to the cosmonauts, to monitor their condition throughout the night, and they believed that both had slept well. Gagarin's biographers Doran and Bizony say that neither Gagarin nor Titov slept that night. Chief Designer

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The six crewed Vostok missions used names of birds as their call signs, and the Vostok 1 spacecraft was known as Swallow in keeping with this convention. However, due to its special importance, a terrestrial call sign Cedar (or: Siberian Pine) was used for Vostok 1 during flight. This code name was

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wrote that "the people of Washington, London, Paris and all points between might have been dancing in the streets" if it were not for "doubts and suspicions" about Soviet intentions. Other US writers were concerned that the spaceflight had gained a propaganda victory on behalf of communism. President

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Vostok 1 crossed the equator at about 170° West in a southeast direction, and began crossing the South Pacific. Gagarin transmitted over HF radio, "I am transmitting the regular report message: 9 hours 48 minutes (Moscow Time), the flight is proceeding successfully. Spusk-1 is operating normally. The

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At 18:00, once various physiological readings had been taken, the doctors instructed the cosmonauts not to discuss the upcoming missions. That evening Gagarin and Titov relaxed by listening to music, playing pool, and chatting about their childhoods. At 21:50, both men were offered sleeping pills, to

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The landing site is now a monument park. The central feature in the park is a 25 m (82 ft) tall monument that consists of a silver metallic rocketship rising on a curved metallic column of flame, from a wedge shaped, white stone base. In front of this is a 3-meter (9 foot) tall white stone

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rules in 1961 required that a pilot must land with the spacecraft to be considered an official spaceflight for the FAI record books. Although some contemporary Soviet sources stated that Gagarin had parachuted separately to the ground, the Soviet Union officially insisted that he had landed with the

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Annihayat Nurskanova and her granddaughter, Rita, observed the strange scene of a figure in a bright orange suit with a large white helmet landing near them by parachute. Gagarin later recalled, "When they saw me in my space suit and the parachute dragging alongside as I walked, they started to back

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will undoubtedly remain one of the major milestones in not only the history of space exploration, but also the history of the human race itself. The fact that this accomplishment was successfully carried out by the Soviet Union, a country completely devastated by war just sixteen years prior, makes

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and out over the North Pacific Ocean. Gagarin radioed, "...the lights are on on the descent mode monitor. I'm feeling fine, and I'm in good spirits. Cockpit parameters: pressure 1; humidity 65; temperature 20; pressure in the compartment 1; first automatic 155; second automatic 155; pressure in the

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Burgess and Hall, p.151. During a post-flight press conference on April 15, Alexander Nesmeyanov claimed that Gagarin took a sleeping pill. Also, Siddiqi, p.273, claims that they were both asleep at 21:30 when Korolev came to visit them, but Burgess and Hall, p.151, says Korolev spoke with them at

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spacecraft, and at 07:10 local time (04:10 UTC), the radio communication system was turned on. Once Gagarin was in the spacecraft, his picture appeared on television screens in the launch control room from an onboard camera. Launch would not occur for another two hours, and during the time Gagarin

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space capsule, were transported several kilometers to the launch pad, in a horizontal position. Once they arrived at the launch pad, a quick examination of the booster was conducted by technicians to make sure everything was in order. When no visible problems were found, the booster was erected on

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But then I thought of the tremendous responsibility of being the first to accomplish what generations of people had dreamed of, the first to show man the way into space... Can you think of a task more difficult than the one assigned to me. It is not responsibility to a single person, or dozens of

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In a few minutes a mighty spaceship will take me into the far-away expanses of the Universe. What can I say to you in these last minutes before the start? I see my whole past life as one wonderful moment. Everything I have experienced and done till now has been in preparation for this moment. You

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p. 28, April 14, 1961. "But because of the distrust that now exists among the great nations, and has plunged them into huge programs of deadly rearmament, an achievement by one which carries a clear and direct potential of military supremacy engenders fear of its use.... And so it has become as

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During this time Gagarin requested some music to be played over the radio. Korolev was reportedly suffering from chest pains and anxiety, as up to this point the Soviet space launch rate was 50% (12 out of 24 launches had failed). Two Vostoks had failed to reach orbit due to launch vehicle

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In his autobiography, Gagarin recalled that, looking at the spacecraft before start, he was "seized with an unprecedented rise of all mental strength <...> some extraordinary words were born that I had never used before in everyday speech." This was not true; according to historian

2842:», в ред. Федерального закона №59-ФЗ от 10 апреля 2009 г «О внесении изменения в статью 1.1 федерального закона "О днях воинской славы и памятных датах России"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", No.52, 15 марта 1995 г. 2825: 1615:

technology, and that "the news will be worse before it's better." Kennedy also sent congratulations to the Soviet Union for their "outstanding technical achievement." Opinion pages of many US newspapers urged renewed efforts to overtake the Soviet scientific accomplishments.

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officially recognized three space records claimed by Gagarin: duration in orbital flight—108 minutes, greatest altitude in earth orbital flight—327 kilometres (203 mi), greatest mass lifted in earth orbital flight—4,725 kilograms (10,417 lb).

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Khabarovsk ground station sent the message "KK" via telegraph (on HF radio to Vostok 1). This was a code meaning, "Report the monitoring of commands," a request for Gagarin to report when the spacecraft automated descent system had received its instructions from ground

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As Vostok 1 began its diagonal crossing of the Pacific Ocean from Kamchatka Peninsula to the southern tip of South America, Gagarin requested information about his orbital parameters: "What can you tell me about the flight? What can you tell me?". The ground station at

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At 07:55 UTC, when Vostok 1 was still 7 km (4.3 mi) from the ground, the hatch of the spacecraft was released, and two seconds later Gagarin was ejected. At 2.5 km (8,200 ft) altitude, the main parachute was deployed from the Vostok spacecraft.

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mobile index of the descent mode monitor is moving. Pressure in the cockpit is 1; humidity 65; temperature 20; pressure in the compartment 1.2 ... Manual 150; First automatic 155; second automatic 155; retro rocket system tanks 320 atmospheres. I feel fine...."

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It is a matter of minutes now before the start. I say to you good-bye, dear friends, just as people say to each other when setting out on a long journey. I would like very much to embrace you all - people known and unknown to me, close friends and strangers

1041: 928:, because I draw strength from unexampled exploits performed by my compatriots, Soviet men and women. I know that I shall muster all my will power the better to do the job. Realising its importance, I will do all I can to carry out the assignment of the 1043: 664:. In an April 5 diary entry, Kamanin wrote that he was still undecided between Gagarin and Titov. "The only thing that keeps me from picking is the need to have the stronger person for the one day flight." Kamanin was referring to the second mission, 1044: 1042: 1516:

The flight was celebrated as a great triumph of Soviet science and technology, demonstrating the superiority of the socialist system over capitalism. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was comparable to

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in the event the retrorockets failed. The provisions included food for Gagarin. As focus was made on food that would not form crumbs, Gagarin was provided with liver meat puree and chocolate sauce, packed in metal toothpaste-style tubes.

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Gagarin reported the sun-seeking attitude control system was switched on; this oriented Vostok 1 for retrofire. The automatic/solar system was backed up by a manual/visual system; either one could operate the two redundant cold

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didn't have his orbital parameters yet, and reported back, "There are no instructions from No. 20 , and the flight is proceeding normally." (Ground control did not know until 25 minutes after launch that a stable orbit had been

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At 05:30 Moscow time, on the morning of 12 April 1961, both Gagarin and his backup Titov were woken. They were given breakfast, assisted into their spacesuits, and then were transported to the launch pad. Gagarin entered the

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Gagarin reported, "...the flight is continuing well. I can see the Earth. The visibility is good.... I almost see everything. There's a certain amount of space under cumulus cloud cover. I continue the flight, everything is

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available to receive signals from the spacecraft. Instead they relied on the network of ground stations, also called Command Points, to communicate with the spacecraft; all of these Command Points were located within the

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for Khabarovsk, and they responded, "Repeat. I can't hear you very well". Gagarin transmitted again, "I feel very good. Give me your data on the flight!" Vostok 1 then passed out of VHF range of the Khabarovsk ground

1260:), the transmitters have been switched on, and we are transmitting this: the flight is proceeding as planned and the orbit is as calculated." Vostok 1 was now known to be in a stable orbit; Gagarin acknowledged. 1039: 3152: 3199: 1702:, said that "that delightful event opens up new prospects for human thought and activity, which will be put at the service of the progress and well-being of people, international peace as a whole." 577:

consisted of a single orbit around Earth which skimmed the upper atmosphere at 169 kilometers (91 nautical miles) at its lowest point. The flight took 108 minutes from launch to landing. Gagarin

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Gagarin's parachute opened almost immediately, and about ten minutes later, at 08:05 UTC, Gagarin landed. Both he and the spacecraft landed via parachute 26 km (16 mi) south west of

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I would like to dedicate this first space flight to the people of communism, a society which our Soviet people are already entering, and which, I am confident, all men on earth will enter.

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Gagarin transmitted to the Khabarovsk ground station, "I feel splendid, very well, very well, very well. Give me some results on the flight!". At this time, Vostok 1 was nearing the VHF

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malfunctions and another two malfunctioned in orbit. Korolev was given a pill to calm him down. Gagarin, on the other hand, was described as calm; about half an hour before launch his

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as backups. These assignments were formally made on April 8, four days before the mission, but Gagarin had been a favourite among the cosmonaut candidates for at least several months.

488: 1038: 992:, personally helped rebolt the hatch. There is some disagreement over whether the hatch was in fact not sealed correctly, as a more recent account stated the indication was false. 611:, in 1957. Both countries wanted to develop spaceflight technology quickly, particularly by launching the first successful human spaceflight. The Soviet Union secretly pursued the 2432: 847: 1138:, I can't hear you very well. I feel fine. I'm in good spirits. I'm continuing the flight..." Vostok 1 started to move out of radio range of the Baikonur ground station. 2851: 1040: 958: 1081:. Korolev radioed, "Preliminary stage..... intermediate..... main..... lift off! We wish you a good flight. Everything is all right." Gagarin replied, "Let's go! ( 830:

The letters "СССР" were hand-painted onto Gagarin's helmet by engineer Gherman Lebedev during transfer to the launch site. As it had been less than a year since

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Korolev: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat America to the Moon: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat the Americans to the Moon

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function) in the event of retrorocket malfunction. However, the actual orbit differed from the planned and would not have allowed descent until 20 days.

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Burgess and Hall, p.141. The press said that Titov was so happy for Gagarin that he almost kissed him, but Titov denies this – Burgess and Hall, p.145.

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away in fear. I told them, don't be afraid, I am a Soviet citizen like you, who has descended from space and I must find a telephone to call Moscow!"

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Am I happy to be starting on a space flight? Of course I am. In all times and all eras man's greatest joy has been to take part in new discoveries.

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re-entry capsule belongs to the S. P. Korolev RSC Energia Museum in Korolev City. In 2018 it was temporarily loaned to the Space Pavilion at the

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to record a new film of what Gagarin would have seen of the Earth from his spaceship, by matching historical audio recordings to video from the

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likewise expressed hopes that the cold war would "turn into a peaceful race in infinite space" and turn away from armed conflicts such as the

1113:(T+ 300 s) The rocket core stage used up its propellant and fell away from the capsule and final rocket stage. The final rocket stage ignited. 1494:, the leading Soviet radio personality since the 1930s. Although news of Soviet rocket launches would normally be aired only after the fact, 3018: 1950: 834:, Lebedev reasoned that without some country identification, there was a small chance the cosmonaut might be mistaken for a spy on landing. 3937: 1642:

praised the Soviet Union for "a great victory of man over the forces of nature" and urged that it be "considered as a victory for peace."

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impossible for either of the groups divided by the Cold War to welcome unreservedly such feats as Major Gagarin's in the opposite camp."

1101:(T+ 156 s) The payload shroud covering Vostok 1 was released, uncovering a window at Gagarin's feet, with an optical orientation device 3456: 2749: 3896: 3823: 3801: 3301: 950:, Gagarin "was essentially forced to utter a stream of banalities prepared by anonymous speechwriters" taped much earlier in Moscow. 2705: 1674:

urged "that both the United States and the Soviet Union should use their new knowledge and techniques for the good of mankind," and

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in the USSR, and is celebrated today in Russia as one of the official "Commemorative Dates of Russia." In 2011, it was declared the

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Vostok 1 passed over central Russia. Gagarin reported, "Everything is working very well. All systems are working. Let's keep going!"

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Ground trace of Gagarin's complete orbit; the landing point is west of the takeoff point because of the Earth's eastward rotation.

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Gagarin sent a fourth spacecraft status message; Moscow received this partial message: "I read you well. The flight is going...."

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people, to all mankind, to its present and its future. And if I am nevertheless venturing on this flight, it is because I am a

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Gagarin's mission lasted 106 minutes, not 108 minutes, the duration that was reported for 50 years and even made book titles.

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The Vostok 1 capsule was designed to carry a single cosmonaut. Yuri Gagarin was chosen as the prime pilot of Vostok 1, with

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argued that America had the resources to have sent a man into space first but was beaten by Soviet purposefulness. Japan's

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transcript of Gagarin's radio conversations with ground stations, starting 2hrs before launch, and other related documents

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described mixed feelings in the United States due to fears of the spaceflight's potential military implications for the

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wrote a note to the Party Central Committee to convince them that the announcement should be made as early as possible:

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Gagarin sent another spacecraft status message, similar to the one at 06:48. This was not received by ground stations.

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Vostok 1 continued on its journey as the sun set over the North Pacific. Gagarin crossed into night, northwest of the

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On Amending Article 1.1 of the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Glory and the Commemorative Dates in Russia"

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The rocket final stage shut down and Vostok 1 reached orbit. Ten seconds later the rocket separated from the capsule.

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statue of Yuri Gagarin, wearing a spacesuit, with one arm raised in greeting and the other holding a space helmet.

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as Gagarin radioed, "...I'm continuing the flight, and I'm over America. I transmitted the telegraph signal "ON".

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Before the mission, Gagarin made a statement to the press, addressed to the Soviet Union and to the whole world:

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The final decision of who would fly the mission relied heavily on the opinion of the head of cosmonaut training,

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Siddiqi, p.276; neither Siddiqi, nor Hall and Shayler claim that music was actually played after this request.

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At 07:25 UTC, the spacecraft's automatic systems brought it into the required attitude (orientation) for the

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The automatic orientation system brought Vostok 1 into alignment for retrofire about 1 hour into the flight.

760: 721: 680: 2476:ЮРИЙ ГАГАРИН: «ВИЖУ ЗЕМЛЮ!» ПРЕЗИДЕНТСКАЯ БИБЛИОТЕКА – К 90-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ ПЕРВОГО КОСМОНАВТА ПЛАНЕТЫ 672:, later recalled that he did not know who was chosen for the mission until after the spaceflight had begun. 3429: 1165:

UTC (T+ 676 s) Gagarin reported, "The craft is operating normally. I can see Earth in the view port of the

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Vostok 1 passed over the South Atlantic, into daylight again. At this point, retrofire is 15 minutes away.

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Dear friends, both known and unknown to me, fellow countrymen, men and women of all lands and continents!

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used to camouflage the significance of the mission to potential eavesdroppers until success was assured.

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Siddiqi describes it as a "tranquilizer pill", while Hall and Shayler describe it as a "cardiac pill".

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during the Russian expedition to the south polar region in 1819–1820. Some sources connect the name

1091:(T+ 119 s) The four strap-on boosters of the Vostok rocket used up the last of their propellant and 1522: 82: 61: 3999:

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in

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claimed that "the success of Soviet scientists and astronauts does honor to Europe and humanity".

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The First Man In Space – NASA/JPL translation of Soviet Radio and Newspaper Reports – May 1, 1961

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Harry Schwartz, "Moscow: Flight is taken as another sign that communism is the conquering wave,"

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to the ground separately from his capsule after ejecting at 7 km (23,000 ft) altitude.

2103:"This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury, Chapter 10, Section: "Vostok Wins the First Lap"" 1658:

in Sweden chided "free countries" for "splitting up and frittering away" their resources, while

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report immediately after the satellite-spacecraft enters orbit, for the following reasons:

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Siddiqi, p.273; In a post-flight press conference, Gagarin also stated that he slept well.

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Officially, the U.S. congratulated the Soviet Union on its accomplishments. Writing for

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at the tip of South America. News of the Vostok 1 mission was broadcast on Radio Moscow.

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was quoted as saying that it would be "some time" before the US could match the Soviet

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engine. The spacecraft carried 13 days of provisions to allow for survival and natural

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The Khabarovsk ground station sent Gagarin via HF radio, "By order of No. 33 (General

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superpowers, began just before the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial

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Gagarin sent another spacecraft status message, also not received by ground stations.

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p. E11 (April 16, 1961). Quotes of reactions from many US and international sources.

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Records file on the first space flight by the USSR citizen Youri Alexeyvich Gagarin

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Gagarin sent another spacecraft status message, not received by ground stations.

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Gagarin sent another spacecraft status message, not received by ground stations.

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did not sleep that night, due to anxiety caused by the imminent spaceflight.

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The first Soviet cosmonaut team: their lives, legacy, and historical impact

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The rocket men: Vostok & Voskhod, the first Soviet manned spaceflights

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Three minutes into the burn of the final rocket stage, Gagarin radioed, "

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The entire mission would be controlled by either automatic systems or by

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Arthur Krock, "In The Nation; Concentration of Science on Outer Space,"

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in human history. Later it was included in the refrain of a Soviet song

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Ten seconds after retrofire, commands were sent to separate the Vostok

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including the preparation, Gagarin's flight, and Gagarin back on Earth

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engine fired for about 42 seconds over the west coast of Africa, near

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Four decades after the flight, historian Siddiqi wrote that Vostok 1

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recorded 11 April 1961, at 19 hours and 35 minutes. Exhibited at the

608: 604: 578: 556: 4007:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets). 3519: 2117:"Why was Apollo called Apollo? The history of spacecraft call signs" 1490:

Gagarin's flight was announced while Gagarin was still in orbit, by

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On the Days of Military Glory and the Commemorative Dates in Russia

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Challenge To Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974

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Model of the Vostok spacecraft with its upper stage, on display in

665: 600: 508: 281: 2462: 1328: 635:—were complete successes, allowing the first crewed flight. 3976: 3953: 3870: 3818: 3714: 3679: 3242:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Landing Site – Yuri Gagarin Statue photo" 1695: 1457: 1404: 1172: 846:

Part of the Vostok 1 instrument panel prominently displaying the

238: 3039: 2849:. Federal Law #32-FZ of March 13, 1995 2290:""Тогда Юра вернулся на землю не из космоса, а с того света!.."" 2101:

Swenson, Loyd S. Jr.; Grimwood, James M.; Alexander, Charles C.

1784: 2776:"Yuri Gagarin: Sixty years since the first man went into space" 1739: 1353: 1250:

gas thruster systems, each with 10 kg (22 lb) of gas.

1171:. Everything is proceeding as planned". Vostok 1 moved on over 532: 842: 28: 3773: 3221:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Landing Site – Rocket Monument photo" 2859:. Effective as of the day of the official publication.). 2750:"Yuri Gagarin, 12 April 1961: "I come from outer space!" (1)" 2673:"Тогда Юра вернулся на землю не из космоса, а с того света!." 1675: 1639: 1357: 1267: 997: 567: 442: 432: 142: 3430:

Collection of American newspapers featuring Gagarin's flight

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Vostok 1 was over the South Pacific between New Zealand and

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Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1, as televised to ground control

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At Baikonur Cosmodrome on the morning of 12 April 1961, the

2148:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Launch Pad – Gagarin's Start photo" 2062: 1719: 1715: 1503: 1407:

during reentry. (Gagarin's own report states "over 10 g".)

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people, or even a collective. It is responsibility to all

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voiced worries that orbital platforms might be used for

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Vostok programme § Cosmonaut selection and training

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between the Soviet Union and the United States, the two

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Gagarin reported he was on the night side of the Earth.

905: 2190:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Landing Site – Monument Photo" 1751:

were among those who sent congratulatory telegrams to

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Unlike later Vostok missions, there were no dedicated

2582:"VOSTOK 1 : FIRST MANNED SPACEFLIGHT IN HISTORY" 1398: 2979: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2100: 1857: 1788:Commemorative monument, Vostok-1 landing site near 1332:The Vostok 1 capsule when it was on display at the 818:Because of weight constraints, there was no backup 3405:An analysis of the flight of Vostok 1 – Sven Grahn 3175:"Yuri Gagarin: Who was the first person in space?" 2350: 3423:"Yuri Gagarin & the First Human Space Flight" 2959: 4016: 3052:"Го Мо-жо. Гимн космическому кораблю «Восток»". 2169:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Landing Site – Monument" 1578:) which was dedicated to the memory of Gagarin. 3021:. retroportal.ru. 12 April 2011. Archived from 2284: 2282: 1502:"We consider it advisable to publish the first 3358: 2048: 2046: 1714:, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of the 1592:shortly after the flight, however, journalist 4003:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in 3636: 3450: 3068:"Space Marks Accorded To Gagarin and Shepard" 2840:О днях воинской славы и памятных датах России 2836: 2670: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 1166: 1133: 1102: 232: 226: 214: 208: 3106: 2664: 2279: 562:aboard, making him the first human to reach 169:2.30 m (7 ft 6.5 in) diameter 2972:"Opinion of the Week: At Home and Abroad," 2793: 2128: 2126: 832:U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers was shot down 3643: 3629: 3457: 3443: 2906:Большой словарь цитат и крылатых выражений 2078:The Pictorial History of World Spaceflight 2023: 486: 72: 27: 2773: 2629:"Remembering Yuri Gagarin 50 Years Later" 3417: 3035: 3033: 2123: 1783: 1629: 1476: 1468: 1327: 1186:retro-rocket system 320 atmospheres...." 1152: 1007: 957: 864: 841: 793: 3340:Rex Hall, David Shayler (18 May 2001). 3321:Colin Burgess, Rex Hall (2 June 2010). 3275:"Movie recreates Gagarin's spaceflight" 3013: 3011: 2902: 2799: 2626: 2579: 2430: 2305:"A bite sized history of food in space" 2302: 1538:International Day of Human Space Flight 1464: 615:in competition with the United States' 4017: 3292: 3091:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale 2804:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 169. 2524: 2363:from the original on 22 September 2014 1981:"Spaceflight mission report: Vostok 1" 1955:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale 1323: 3624: 3438: 3142: 3030: 2692: 2690: 2622: 2620: 2237:Quoted in Burgess and Hall, p.140-141 2075: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1576:He said "Let's go!" He waved his hand 1000:was recorded at 64 beats per minute. 764: 725: 684: 3464: 3272: 3008: 2830: 2343: 2317: 2094: 2069: 1581: 1348:firing, and shortly afterwards, the 906:Gagarin statement before the mission 837: 536:1) was the first spaceflight of the 3377:108 minutes which changed the world 2508:: 50. 17 April 2001. Archived from 2498:"Подготовка изделия идет нормально" 2218:. The USSR Central Aero Club. 1961. 2052: 1706:, head of the State Council of the 1557:Do You Know What Kind of Guy He Was 1521:. Gagarin was awarded the title of 1175:as it passed over the Soviet Union. 885:rocket, together with the attached 13: 4050:Spacecraft which reentered in 1961 2774:Rosenberg, Steve (12 April 2021). 2687: 2627:Whiting, Melanie (27 March 2018). 2617: 2559:Aviation Week and Space Technology 2109: 1951:"Aviation and Space World Records" 1938: 1896:Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen 1485: 1093:dropped away from the core vehicle 1018: 16:First human spaceflight in history 14: 4071: 3383: 3155:from the original on 18 June 2019 3143:Lewis, Cathleen (12 April 2010). 2708:from the original on 10 June 2020 1973: 1368:within 13 days (the limit of the 564:orbital velocity around the Earth 3518: 3273:Amos, Jonathan (23 March 2011). 2675:интернет-газета "Русская Берёза" 2303:Kendall, Dan (15 January 2020). 2134:"Vostok 1 – NSSDC ID: 1961-012A" 1874: 1860: 1820:In 2011, documentary film maker 1759: 1148: 1058:Problems playing this file? See 1036: 976:chatted with the mission's main 860: 774: 735: 694: 3314: 3266: 3255: 3234: 3213: 3192: 3167: 3136: 3120:. 21 April 1961. Archived from 3078: 3060: 3045: 2995: 2945: 2923: 2896: 2884: 2862: 2818: 2800:Harford, James (8 April 1997). 2767: 2742: 2720: 2671:Руденко М. И. (May–June 2008). 2646: 2608: 2599: 2573: 2564: 2551: 2490: 2481: 2469: 2451: 2424: 2415: 2406: 2396: 2375: 2296: 2270: 2249: 2240: 2231: 2222: 2203: 2182: 2161: 2140: 2007:"The Vostok (3A No. 3) mission" 875:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics 802:'s "Russia in Space" exhibition 789: 2654:"1961: Soviets win space race" 2580:Khurana, Sukant (4 May 2018). 1999: 1917: 848:"Globus" navigation instrument 555:on 12 April 1961, with Soviet 153:4,725 kg (10,417 lb) 84: 1: 3149:National Air and Space Museum 2698:"ЗВЕЗДНЫЙ РЕЙС ЮРИЯ ГАГАРИНА" 1931: 584: 161:2,400 kg (5,290 lb) 3056:(in Russian) (5): 5–6. 1961. 2903:Душенко, Константин (2014). 2461:(in Russian). Archived from 1519:World War II Victory Parades 980:, as well as Chief Designer 100:1 hour, 46 minutes 98:1 hour, 48 minutes 7: 4025:Spacecraft launched in 1961 3074:. 23 July 1961. p. 35. 2561:, September 29, 2014, p.11- 2352:"Oleg Ivanovsky - obituary" 2276:Hall and Shayler, p.148-149 1853: 1834:International Space Station 1731:Chinese Academy of Sciences 1527:numerous awards and honours 1473:A copy of the Vostok rocket 1399: 1360:had been selected to cause 1167: 1134: 1103: 233: 215: 141:Experimental Design Bureau 10: 4076: 3114:"The Cruise of the Vostok" 2119:. Royal Museums Greenwich. 1708:People's Republic of China 1383:(code name "little ball" ( 1107:(lit. "look" or "glance"). 750: 642: 588: 447:327 km (177 nmi) 3997: 3675: 3585: 3568: 3527: 3516: 3472: 3361:108 минут, изменившие мир 3344:. Springer. p. 350. 3304:January 22, 2012, at the 2837: 1906:to Bellingshausen's ship. 1779: 1547:Gagarin's informal reply 1388: 1181:Vostok 1 passed over the 1074:Launch occurred from the 1003: 966:(right) before the flight 953: 772: 769: 733: 730: 711: 692: 689: 542:human orbital spaceflight 523: 485: 481: 471: 461: 451: 441: 437:181 km (98 nmi) 431: 421: 411: 406: 402: 398: 361: 345: 340: 336: 332: 288: 277: 258: 253: 249: 245: 227: 209: 204: 194: 186: 181: 177: 173: 165: 157: 149: 136: 125: 120: 116: 112: 104: 94: 81: 60: 52: 42: 38: 26: 4030:1961 in the Soviet Union 2905: 2892:6.2 Он сказал «Поехали!» 2754:www.reflexions.uliege.be 2728:"The flight of Vostok 1" 2421:Burgess and Hall, p.153. 1650:surprise nuclear attacks 1523:Hero of the Soviet Union 638: 3608:Gagarin: First in Space 3359:Антон Первушин (2011). 3325:. Praxis. p. 356. 3299:Tattoo Archive – Vostok 3005:p. E3 (April 16, 1961). 2992:p. E1 (April 16, 1961). 2702:epizodsspace.airbase.ru 2614:Hall and Shayler, p.150 2487:Burgess and Hall, p.153 2393:Burgess and Hall, p.150 2381:Burgess and Hall, p.156 2267:Burgess and Hall, p.151 2255:Burgess and Hall, p.142 2228:Burgess and Hall, p.140 1910: 1698:, the President of the 566:and to complete a full 317:45.920278°N 63.342222°E 2909:(in Russian). Litres. 2431:Gagarin, Yuri (2001). 2080:. Exeter. p. 18. 1844:. The resulting film, 1803: 1793: 1532:April 12 was declared 1514: 1482: 1474: 1441:51.270682°N 45.99727°E 1341: 1158: 1023: 1013: 967: 943: 932:and the Soviet people. 878: 850: 803: 492:Yuri Gagarin in Sweden 383:51.270682°N 45.99727°E 33:Launch of the Vostok 1 2437:. The Minerva Group. 2359:. 21 September 2014. 2310:National Space Centre 1957:(FAI). Archived from 1894:was the lead ship of 1826:European Space Agency 1798: 1787: 1729:The President of the 1700:Republic of Indonesia 1630:Other world reactions 1500: 1480: 1472: 1331: 1276:Vostok 1 crossed the 1156: 1022: 1011: 961: 912: 869:Electrocardiogram of 868: 845: 797: 412:Reference system 349:April 12, 1961, 07:55 262:April 12, 1961, 06:07 121:Spacecraft properties 3659:Orbital launches in 3262:"RSC Energia Museum" 2459:"ДО СКОРОЙ ВСТРЕЧИ!" 2076:Yenne, Bill (1988). 1754:Komsomolskaya Pravda 1568:Alexandra Pakhmutova 1465:Reactions and legacy 621:Vostok rocket family 322:45.920278; 63.342222 47:Soviet space program 3576:(incorporated into 2931:1961 Year in Review 2434:Soviet Man in Space 2357:The Daily Telegraph 2331:on January 15, 2017 1882:Soviet Union portal 1572:Nikolai Dobronravov 1481:Gagarin's spacesuit 1446:51.270682; 45.99727 1437: / 1370:life support system 1334:RKK Energiya museum 1324:Reentry and landing 1183:Kamchatka Peninsula 1076:Baikonur Cosmodrome 756: 717: 676: 575:orbital spaceflight 553:Baikonur Cosmodrome 388:51.270682; 45.99727 379: / 353:1961-04-12UTC07:56Z 313: / 266:1961-04-12UTC06:07Z 53:Harvard designation 23: 4040:Human spaceflights 3603:(2011 documentary) 3375:(Anton Pervushin. 3124:on 4 February 2013 3072:The New York Times 3025:on 7 January 2012. 3003:The New York Times 2990:The New York Times 2974:The New York Times 2953:The New York Times 2890:Pervushin (2011), 2826:7.1 Гражданин мира 2824:Pervushin (2011), 1868:Spaceflight portal 1794: 1624:Outer Space Treaty 1603:Detroit Free Press 1589:The New York Times 1483: 1475: 1358:perigee and apogee 1342: 1278:Strait of Magellan 1159: 1024: 1014: 968: 879: 851: 804: 755: 716: 675: 570:around the Earth. 551:was launched from 457:64.95 degrees 407:Orbital parameters 21: 4060:Soviet inventions 4055:April 1961 events 4012: 4011: 3618: 3617: 3578:Voskhod programme 3392:– short video by 3370:978-5-699-48001-2 3332:978-0-387-84823-5 2916:978-5-699-40115-4 2512:on 28 August 2021 1898:, who discovered 1822:Christopher Riley 1692:Charles de Gaulle 1686:Laotian Civil War 1655:Svenska Dagbladet 1582:American reaction 1397: 1045: 838:Automatic control 800:Frankfurt Airport 787: 786: 748: 747: 709: 708: 705:Only spaceflight 517: 516: 467:89.1 minutes 4067: 3732:Korabl-Sputnik 5 3727:Korabl-Sputnik 4 3685:Tyazhely Sputnik 3664: 3663: 3662: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3622: 3621: 3611:(2013 docudrama) 3522: 3510:Korabl-Sputnik 5 3505:Korabl-Sputnik 4 3495:Korabl-Sputnik 3 3490:Korabl-Sputnik 2 3480:Korabl-Sputnik 1 3466:Vostok programme 3459: 3452: 3445: 3436: 3435: 3426: 3411: 3374: 3355: 3336: 3308: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3270: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3028: 3026: 3015: 3006: 2999: 2993: 2988:"Man in Space", 2986: 2977: 2970: 2957: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2866: 2860: 2844: 2843: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2694: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2660:. 12 April 1961. 2650: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2624: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2538:on 15 April 2021 2534:. 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The 538:Vostok programme 525: 504:Korabl-Sputnik 5 490: 433:Perigee altitude 394: 393: 391: 390: 389: 384: 380: 377: 376: 375: 372: 356: 354: 328: 327: 325: 324: 323: 318: 314: 311: 310: 309: 306: 269: 267: 254:Start of mission 236: 230: 229: 218: 212: 211: 145: 105:Orbits completed 95:Mission duration 86: 77: 76: 70: 31: 24: 20: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4008: 3993: 3960:Mercury-Atlas 5 3922:Mercury-Scout 1 3882:Mercury-Atlas 4 3762:Mercury-Atlas 3 3671: 3670: 3660: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3649: 3619: 3614: 3593:Gagarin's Start 3581: 3564: 3523: 3514: 3468: 3463: 3409: 3390:Gagarin's Start 3386: 3371: 3352: 3333: 3317: 3312: 3311: 3306:Wayback Machine 3297: 3293: 3283: 3281: 3271: 3267: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3158: 3156: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3094:. 22 March 2021 3084: 3083: 3079: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3038: 3031: 3017: 3016: 3009: 3000: 2996: 2987: 2980: 2971: 2960: 2950: 2946: 2937:Audio Network. 2929: 2928: 2924: 2917: 2907: 2901: 2897: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2798: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2772: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2696: 2695: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2669: 2665: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2625: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2556: 2552: 2541: 2539: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2470: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2445: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2364: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2334: 2332: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2301: 2297: 2288: 2287: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2124: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2099: 2095: 2088: 2074: 2070: 2051: 2024: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1990: 1988: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1949: 1948: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1922: 1918: 1913: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1866: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1824:partnered with 1782: 1762: 1745:Charlie Chaplin 1671:Yomiuri Shimbun 1634:Prime Minister 1632: 1620:Adlai Stevenson 1609:John F. Kennedy 1584: 1559: 1488: 1486:Soviet reaction 1467: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1423: 1326: 1258:Nikolai Kamanin 1151: 1065: 1064: 1056: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1050:Gagarin's voice 1048: 1037: 1034: 1025: 1019: 1006: 986:Nikolai Kamanin 956: 940: 937: 935: 933: 930:Communist Party 918: 915: 908: 863: 840: 792: 773: 753: 734: 714: 704: 693: 662:Nikolai Kamanin 647: 641: 617:Project Mercury 593: 587: 513: 512: 506: 499: 491: 443:Apogee altitude 387: 385: 381: 378: 373: 370: 368: 366: 365: 352: 350: 321: 319: 315: 312: 307: 304: 302: 300: 299: 298: 265: 263: 224: 140: 99: 71: 66: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4073: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4045:Vostok program 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4010: 4009: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3918: 3911: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3777: 3770: 3765: 3758: 3751: 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Эксмо. 3054:Новый Мир 1965:March 12, 1840:taken by 1735:Guo Moruo 1553:Space Age 1418:, in the 1394:romanized 1379:from the 1079:Site No.1 926:Communist 609:Sputnik 1 605:satellite 557:cosmonaut 426:Low Earth 357: UTC 234:Lastochka 187:Crew size 68:1961-012A 62:COSPAR ID 56:1961 Mu 1 3989:FTV-2203 3948:Ranger 2 3855:Ranger 1 3844:Vostok 2 3797:SOLRAD 3 3755:Vostok 1 3690:Venera 1 3560:Vostok 6 3555:Vostok 5 3550:Vostok 4 3545:Vostok 3 3540:Vostok 2 3535:Vostok 1 3473:Uncrewed 3302:Archived 3284:27 March 3279:BBC News 3153:Archived 2785:12 April 2780:BBC News 2706:Archived 2679:31 March 2658:BBC News 2591:2 August 2542:15 April 2361:Archived 2012:12 March 1991:12 March 1904:Vostok 1 1854:See also 1842:Vostok 1 1811:Vostok 1 1792:, Russia 1665:Die Welt 1598:Cold War 1248:nitrogen 1226:control. 1209:station. 973:Vostok 1 883:Vostok-K 761:Position 722:Position 681:Position 666:Vostok 2 601:Cold War 520:Vostok 1 509:Vostok 2 293:Baikonur 282:Vostok-K 228:Ласточка 205:Callsign 43:Operator 22:Vostok 1 4005:italics 3977:OSCAR 1 3954:Samos 4 3897:Midas 4 3871:Samos 3 3824:Midas 3 3819:TIROS-3 3802:Injun 1 3715:LOFTI-1 3680:Samos 2 3586:Related 3421:(ed.). 3184:13 July 3159:12 June 3098:18 July 2759:17 June 2734:2 April 2712:17 June 2638:4 April 2516:2 April 2136:. NASA. 2105:. NASA. 1696:Sukarno 1540:by the 1396:: 1385:Russian 1364:due to 1362:reentry 1173:Siberia 964:Korolev 871:Gagarin 751:Reserve 351: ( 264: ( 239:Swallow 195:Members 83:SATCAT 3668:1962 → 3653:← 1960 3528:Crewed 3367: 3348: 3329: 2913: 2808: 2441: 2084: 1891:Vostok 1790:Engels 1780:Legacy 1740:Pravda 1710:, and 1652:. The 1416:Engels 1400:sharik 1354:Angola 1120:good." 1069:06:07 1004:Launch 978:CapCom 954:Flight 939:alike. 922:Soviet 780: 770:Pilot 741: 731:Pilot 712:Backup 700: 690:Pilot 533:Orient 524:Восток 463:Period 422:Regime 278:Rocket 270: 3943:TRAAC 3774:S-45A 2730:. 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