1554:
73:
31:
343:
522:
50:
686:
among wine grape varieties. The description of "foxy", not derived from the animal, serves as a catch-all term to describe the unique, earthy and sweet muskiness that can be perceived in fresh
Concord grapes as well as
464:
in identification of vines and hybrid varieties descended from the species is the large, thick leaves of the vines that have a hairy underside with dense brown or white hairs.
1541:
1309:
1237:
957:
1037:
1053:
1261:
1253:
1213:
1133:
1445:
1493:
1325:
1197:
452:(berry stem). If the berry is squeezed gently between two fingers, the thick skin will slip easily off leaving the pulp intact as a ball. This trait gives
1525:
1413:
1341:
1221:
1045:
1461:
1381:
1333:
1173:
989:
1021:
1789:
895:
2066:
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1959:
1737:
1815:
1750:
1843:
1938:
2076:
1820:
2046:
888:
1711:
374:
was growing wild in North
America before Europeans arrived. The vine was not officially identified and recorded until
2071:
838:
790:
769:
Concord, Catawaba and
Delaware entries (no page numbers in book) University of California-Davis, 1977 ASIN B0006CZP4S
753:
2061:
1869:
1776:
661:
57:
881:
576:
564:
1977:
334:
used for these
American wines that were distinct from the familiar flavors of the European viniferous wines.
1729:
1553:
862:
1802:
1651:
1646:
552:
1972:
1755:
627:
323:
854:
1879:
1838:
604:
437:
378:
and his peers started cataloging
American vine species in the mid-18th century. In the 19th century,
1607:
331:
1856:
1677:
72:
1964:
712:
675:
572:
568:
318:, best known to most people through the Concord grape. This musk is not related to the mammalian
2010:
322:, but rather to the strong, earthy aromas characteristic of the grapes that were known by early
1794:
1724:
1569:
1357:
406:
645:
189:
1928:
1905:
1685:
1421:
1077:
8:
1923:
700:
391:
39:
1951:
1125:
292:. Among the characteristics of this vine species in contrast to the European wine grape
2018:
1517:
1389:
1293:
1269:
1141:
1085:
1061:
636:
67:
630:
of eastern North
America with severely cold winters and hot, humid summers. (However,
1900:
1659:
1533:
1437:
1405:
1301:
1277:
1069:
1013:
1005:
834:
786:
749:
548:
544:
497:
285:
803:
2023:
1664:
1509:
1453:
1429:
1245:
1205:
1109:
941:
933:
925:
510:
485:
480:
449:
269:
265:
1628:
640:
in the humidity of southeastern US). In fact, in areas of the United States where
1887:
1830:
1501:
1397:
1285:
1149:
973:
965:
949:
741:
596:
588:
584:
580:
491:
433:
429:
355:
273:
257:
241:
110:
2000:
2051:
1946:
1618:
1477:
1365:
1349:
1181:
1165:
1157:
717:
696:
472:
461:
441:
436:
and "pink-skinned" varieties such as
Catawba have dark colored berries high in
303:
294:
281:
97:
2040:
1716:
1592:
1485:
1373:
1317:
1117:
1101:
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1029:
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981:
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612:
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414:
375:
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261:
249:
205:
1915:
1990:
1807:
402:
351:
277:
30:
1892:
695:
varieties like
Niagara. In the 1920s, scientists were able to isolate the
342:
1851:
1763:
1638:
1601:
1469:
688:
664:
608:
592:
540:
521:
445:
873:
417:
which would become an important agricultural crop in the United States.
1742:
476:
387:
228:
1768:
1698:
1189:
502:
327:
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1985:
1586:
253:
245:
156:
146:
123:
1703:
1781:
1672:
367:
307:
299:
224:
1690:
483:
compatibility is not as high as that of other species, such as
383:
136:
913:
904:
505:. It is a robust plant, and in many states can be considered
237:
233:
166:
84:
506:
440:
that produced strongly flavored wines. As the berries near
310:
on every node of the cane. Another contrast with
European
302:
to easily slip off when squeezed, instead of crushing the
319:
777:
775:
370:
in the 11th century. There is ample evidence that the
298:
are its "slip-skin" that allows the skin of the grape
772:
644:
does flourish in the west, the conditions during the
330:. The term "foxy" became a sort of catchall for the
833:(University of California Press, 2nd edition 1974,
599:. In the Canadian Province of Ontario, the use of
829:Winkler A J, Cook J A, Kliere W M and Lider L A,
737:
735:
733:
456:the name of "slip skin" grapes. Another trait of
2038:
748:(Oxford University Press, third edition 2006,
730:
889:
825:
823:
821:
382:was among the American vines transported to
759:
634:doesn't do quite as well as varieties like
896:
882:
818:
626:varieties can better withstand the severe
501:, and it is not often used for commercial
432:are red, although white varieties such as
48:
29:
903:
806:. United States Department of Agriculture
583:as well as several AVAs in the states of
535:is located along the eastern seaboard of
655:
520:
341:
467:Like many other American vine species,
420:
394:to the European vineyards planted with
2039:
1568:
1567:
877:
314:is the characteristic "foxy" musk of
2067:Crops originating from North America
1880:eca87102-8dad-472b-b314-a3dc454c015d
471:has some natural resistance to many
699:responsible for the "foxy" musk as
682:varieties have the most pronounced
13:
2057:Flora of the Eastern United States
603:varieties is not permitted by the
248:. The vines are native to eastern
14:
2088:
848:
362:was probably the species seen by
252:and are the source of many grape
1978:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:307691-2
1552:
448:, they separate easily from the
366:growing wild along the coast of
71:
662:University of California, Davis
516:
796:
555:(AVA)s that produce wine from
479:. However, its resistance and
1:
804:"Vitis labrusca L. fox grape"
723:
409:, cultivated seeds from wild
855:Plants of the World Online:
746:The Oxford Companion to Wine
691:made from Concord and other
350:According to wine historian
7:
2077:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
706:
615:, a hybrid grape varietal.
553:American Viticultural Areas
10:
2095:
2047:NatureServe secure species
1543:V. zhejiang-adstricta
401:Also in the 19th century,
337:
324:European-American settlers
1576:
1550:
1239:V. lanceolatifoliosa
912:
785:(Mitchell Beazley, 1986,
783:Vines, Grapes & Wines
195:
188:
68:Scientific classification
66:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2072:Plants described in 1753
1359:V. pseudoreticulata
863:Flora of North America:
841:), pp 17-20, 59, 166-167
577:Southeastern New England
565:Upper Mississippi Valley
559:or hybrids derived from
332:wine tasting descriptors
2062:Flora of Eastern Canada
1311:V. × novae-angliae
713:List of grape varieties
676:Muscat family of grapes
648:are often too arid for
386:that were carrying the
1423:V. shuttleworthii
1039:V. bloodworthiana
628:continental conditions
529:
525:Botanical features of
407:Concord, Massachusetts
392:widespread devastation
347:
306:, and the presence of
1263:V. luochengensis
1255:V. longquanensis
1215:V. jinggangensis
1135:V. erythrophylla
767:The Great Wine Grapes
524:
345:
1519:V. xunyangensis
1495:V. wenchouensis
1391:V. rotundifolia
1327:V. peninsularis
1295:V. mustangensis
1271:V. menghaiensis
1199:V. jacquemontii
1143:V. fengqinensis
1087:V. chunganensis
1063:V. bryoniifolia
959:V. × andersonii
547:and westward to the
421:Vine characteristics
413:vines to create the
16:Species of grapevine
1535:V. yunnanensis
1439:V. sinocinerea
1415:V. shenxiensis
1407:V. ruyuanensis
1343:V. pilosonerva
1303:V. nesbittiana
1279:V. mengziensis
1079:V. × champinii
1071:V. californica
1055:V. × bourquina
1015:V. betulifolia
1007:V. berlandieri
831:General Viticulture
701:methyl anthranilate
611:system, except for
40:Conservation status
1511:V. wuhanensis
1455:V. tiliifolia
1447:V. × slavinii
1431:V. silvestrii
1247:V. lincecumii
1207:V. jaegeriana
1127:V. × doaniana
1111:V. coignetiae
1047:V. bourgaeana
943:V. aestivalis
935:V. adenoclada
927:V. acerifolia
637:Vitis rotundifolia
530:
438:phenolic compounds
390:louse that caused
348:
280:varieties such as
2034:
2033:
1901:Open Tree of Life
1570:Taxon identifiers
1561:
1560:
1503:V. wilsoniae
1463:V. treleasei
1399:V. rupestris
1383:V. romanetii
1335:V. piasezkii
1287:V. monticola
1175:V. hancockii
1151:V. ficifolia
991:V. bashanica
975:V. balansana
967:V. arizonica
951:V. amurensis
781:Jancis Robinson,
671:, outside of the
573:Ohio River Valley
569:Mississippi Delta
549:Mississippi River
498:Vitis berlandieri
444:and become fully
231:belonging to the
212:
211:
61:
2084:
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2026:
2014:
2013:
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1596:
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1479:V. vinifera
1367:V. retordii
1351:V. popenoei
1231:V. labrusca
1183:V. heyneana
1167:V. girdiana
1159:V. flexuosa
1023:V. biformis
898:
891:
884:
875:
874:
842:
827:
816:
815:
813:
811:
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794:
793:), pp 8, 18, 228
779:
770:
763:
757:
739:
486:Vitis aestivalis
425:The majority of
354:and wine expert
201:
181:V. labrusca
76:
75:
55:
52:
51:
33:
21:
20:
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1888:Observation.org
1886:
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1828:MichiganFlora:
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1557:
1548:
1487:V. vulpina
1375:V. riparia
1319:V. palmata
1119:V. davidii
1103:V. cinerea
1095:V. chungii
1031:V. blancoi
999:V. bellula
983:V. barbata
908:
907:(grape) species
902:
871:
851:
846:
845:
828:
819:
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773:
764:
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742:Jancis Robinson
740:
731:
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709:
658:
607:regulatory and
519:
492:Vitis rupestris
430:grape varieties
423:
356:Jancis Robinson
340:
242:flowering plant
208:
203:
197:
184:
70:
62:
53:
49:
42:
17:
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2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:wfo-0000421309
2015:
2005:
1995:
1982:
1969:
1956:
1943:
1933:
1929:Vitis labrusca
1920:
1916:Vitis_labrusca
1910:
1897:
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1608:Vitis labrusca
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1578:Vitis labrusca
1574:
1573:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1527:V. Yeshanensis
1523:
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1307:
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1223:V. Kelungensis
1219:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1187:
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865:Vitis labrusca
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857:Vitis labrusca
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849:External links
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771:
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728:
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718:Bangalore Blue
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697:aroma compound
680:Vitis labrusca
657:
654:
646:growing season
624:Vitis labrusca
622:, hybrids and
601:Vitis labrusca
533:Vitis labrusca
527:Vitis labrusca
518:
515:
473:grape diseases
469:Vitis labrusca
462:ampelographers
454:Vitis labrusca
427:Vitis labrusca
422:
419:
396:Vitis vinifera
380:Vitis labrusca
360:Vitis labrusca
346:Concord grapes
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295:Vitis vinifera
216:Vitis labrusca
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199:Vitis labrusca
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1471:V. tsoii
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1764:iNaturalist
1602:Wikispecies
1191:V. hui
756:), pp 19-20
689:grape juice
665:viticulture
656:"Foxy" musk
609:appellation
541:Nova Scotia
316:V. labrusca
276:, and many
111:Angiosperms
58:NatureServe
2041:Categories
2008:WisFlora:
1947:Plant List
810:11 October
724:References
477:phylloxera
460:that aids
388:phylloxera
229:grapevines
24:Fox grape
1730:242417483
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765:B. Ramey
581:Lake Erie
503:rootstock
328:New World
286:Alexander
254:cultivars
221:fox grape
175:Species:
81:Kingdom:
1998:VASCAN:
1991:34000022
1986:Tropicos
1913:PalDat:
1857:2.131865
1795:10716075
1636:BioLib:
1587:Wikidata
707:See also
693:labrusca
673:vinifera
650:labrusca
642:vinifera
632:labrusca
620:vinifera
597:Michigan
589:Virginia
585:New York
563:include
561:labrusca
557:labrusca
551:. Among
543:down to
511:invasive
481:grafting
458:labrusca
411:labrusca
372:labrusca
312:vinifera
308:tendrils
270:Isabella
266:Delaware
246:Vitaceae
157:Vitaceae
153:Family:
124:Eudicots
1839:MoBotPF
1782:68814-1
1743:5372424
1673:Ecocrop
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667:expert
652:vines.
618:Unlike
545:Georgia
450:pedicel
442:harvest
434:Niagara
368:Vinland
338:History
326:in the
300:berries
274:Niagara
262:Concord
258:Catawba
244:family
240:in the
225:species
223:, is a
163:Genus:
147:Vitales
143:Order:
85:Plantae
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837:
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684:aromas
384:Europe
282:Agawam
219:, the
137:Rosids
2052:Vitis
1965:VILA8
1936:PFI:
1821:28608
1808:56499
1790:IRMNG
1769:68053
1756:41879
1712:EUNIS
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1665:5BLTW
1639:40397
1616:APA:
916:vitis
905:Vitis
613:Vidal
539:from
507:weedy
290:Onaka
238:genus
234:Vitis
168:Vitis
131:Clade
118:Clade
105:Clade
92:Clade
2011:5422
2001:9542
1973:POWO
1939:3083
1924:PfaF
1865:NCBI
1831:2806
1816:ITIS
1777:IPNI
1751:GRIN
1738:GBIF
1699:EPPO
1647:BOLD
1619:3761
835:ISBN
812:2014
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750:ISBN
595:and
593:Ohio
495:and
446:ripe
304:pulp
288:and
2019:WFO
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1686:EoL
1660:CoL
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509:or
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