33:, emergent properties cannot be pre-conceptualized and can be possessed only by the specific metaphor: a ship made of cement applies only to the Ship Building. Gal claims that the emergence is gained thanks to the power of compositions, that supply a context to the elements of metaphor that proffers significance thanks to their organization, mutual relations and influences. For Gal, since the power of metaphorical composition is best embodied by the visual media, visual metaphors are the paradigmatic metaphors and every kind of metaphors, conceptual or linguistic, are based on visuality.
713:
29:
forms and compositions. Shimon Levi's and Arieh Cohen Ship
Building (known also as Boat House) is an example of visual metaphor: its source is a ship, its target is a building, and the building is ship shaped. The visual metaphors philosopher Michalle Gal defines metaphor as made of three parts: source, target, and emergent properties which are gained by the combination of the source and target in a new composition, and reconstructs the target anew. According to Gal, and contrary to theories of
17:
75:
There are three types of visual metaphor that are also seen often. There is juxtaposition, fusion, and replacement. These three types of visual metaphor all differ from each other, and are all complex in their own, specific ways. These levels of complexity are based on how difficult it is for viewers
51:
with another thing and its meanings figuratively. For some visual metaphors the link between the images and what they are being compared to is the physical similarity while others it is the conceptual similarity. There are similar interpretations of the visual metaphors but each person can comprehend
28:
is a metaphor the medium of which is visual. Like in any other metaphor, one part of it, usually named "source", applies to another part, usually named "target", and reconstructs it. The point is that the metaphorical application or reconstruction in visual metaphor is made by means of visual tools,
119:
An example of a visual metaphor within advertisements can be found many places, but one is from a BMW campaign in 2007. This advertisement showed a large dog with a tiny bowl of food in front of him, and it read, "more power, less consumption." This was a clear replacement metaphor, because the dog
111:
that say a specific thing, but the visuals have their own meaning besides what it would mean literally. For example, say a company is selling a particular product, when they show images in a TV or poster advertisement that is not their product, they are saying in a way the product is like the image
79:
In juxtaposition metaphors, both the actual product image and the metaphorical image are incorporated within the advertisement. In replacement advertisements, there is only one image shown instead of both. Because only one image is shown in replacement advertisements, the image shown is in place of
115:
Visual
Metaphor is often seen within advertisements. Because visual metaphor is used to persuade, advertisements utilize visual metaphor to intrigue consumers. In some cases, the visual metaphor has a clear and concise message, and other times it is much more complex and hard to break down. Visual
83:"Metaphors are inherently open-ended, and can produce both strong and weak implicatures, the latter of which are alternate readings of the main message that are nevertheless called up in the mind of the interpreter"
99:. When the audience sees a visual that they attribute positive or negative emotions with to the company's product or service they may make that connection and feel similarly about that product or service.
72:
or realistic, and how it is arranged in respect to other objects. Stylistic visual metaphors are more about how they look specifically. For example, its color, how detailed it is, or its size.
664:
Mohanty, Praggyan (Pam); Ratneshwar, S. (2016-05-03). "Visual
Metaphors in Ads: The Inverted-U Effects of Incongruity on Processing Pleasure and Ad Effectiveness".
20:
The photo appears to be of a broken question mark birthday candle faced the other direction on a dark surface. This could be a visual metaphor for questioning life.
457:
Ryoo, Yuhosua; Jeon, Yongwoog Andrew; Sung, Yongjun (2021-07-04). "Interpret me! The interplay between visual metaphors and verbal messages in advertising".
414:
Ryoo, Yuhosua; Jeon, Yongwoog Andrew; Sung, Yongjun (2021-07-04). "Interpret me! The interplay between visual metaphors and verbal messages in advertising".
68:. There are two types: spatial metaphors and stylistic metaphors. Spatial visual metaphors include where objects are located, their size, whether they are
380:
345:
398:
363:
754:
549:"Visual Metaphor in Advertising: Is the Persuasive Effect Attributable to Visual Argumentation or Metaphorical Rhetoric?"
502:"Visual Metaphor in Advertising: Is the Persuasive Effect Attributable to Visual Argumentation or Metaphorical Rhetoric?"
299:"Visual Metaphor in Advertising: Is the Persuasive Effect Attributable to Visual Argumentation or Metaphorical Rhetoric?"
52:
them a bit differently. There are different types which include: spatial and stylistic. They are also commonly used in
773:
640:
605:
187:
177:
107:
There are examples of visual metaphors in the advertising industry. The visuals presented in an ad may have
778:
747:
548:
501:
298:
91:
One reason visual metaphors are common in advertising is because they have the ability to
8:
728:
390:
355:
30:
740:
689:
576:
529:
482:
439:
326:
271:
224:
158:
693:
681:
646:
636:
611:
601:
568:
521:
486:
474:
443:
431:
394:
359:
318:
279:
232:
183:
162:
96:
580:
533:
330:
673:
560:
513:
466:
423:
386:
351:
310:
263:
216:
150:
677:
470:
427:
138:
724:
564:
517:
314:
116:
metaphors are one of the most common rhetorical devices used in advertising.
767:
720:
685:
650:
615:
572:
525:
478:
435:
322:
712:
154:
69:
43:. It illustrates a comparison between what is in the visual, including its
630:
595:
283:
236:
252:"Understanding Visual Metaphor: Developmental and Individual Differences"
205:"Understanding Visual Metaphor: Developmental and Individual Differences"
53:
44:
275:
251:
228:
204:
108:
92:
48:
250:
Kogan, Nathan; Connor, Kathleen; Gross, Augusta; Fava, Donald (1980).
203:
Kogan, Nathan; Connor, Kathleen; Gross, Augusta; Fava, Donald (1980).
267:
220:
65:
16:
40:
139:"The visuality of metaphors: A formalist ontology of metaphors"
37:
382:
Visual
Metaphor and Embodiment in Graphic Illness Narratives
347:
Visual
Metaphor and Embodiment in Graphic Illness Narratives
256:
Monographs of the
Society for Research in Child Development
209:
Monographs of the
Society for Research in Child Development
76:
to come to a conclusion on that specific visual metaphor.
628:
593:
249:
202:
663:
765:
120:was supposed to be in replacement of the car.
748:
456:
413:
755:
741:
378:
343:
36:There are claims that visual metaphor is
15:
385:(1 ed.). Oxford University Press.
350:(1 ed.). Oxford University Press.
766:
546:
499:
296:
707:
459:International Journal of Advertising
416:International Journal of Advertising
95:. Visual metaphors can be used as a
56:because of its ability to persuade.
553:Journal of Marketing Communications
506:Journal of Marketing Communications
379:El Refaie, Elisabeth (2019-02-11).
344:El Refaie, Elisabeth (2019-02-11).
303:Journal of Marketing Communications
175:
136:
102:
13:
629:Forceville, Ch. (Charles) (1998).
594:Forceville, Ch. (Charles) (1998).
391:10.1093/oso/9780190678173.001.0001
356:10.1093/oso/9780190678173.001.0001
86:
14:
790:
632:Pictorial metaphor in advertising
597:Pictorial metaphor in advertising
182:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
711:
666:Journal of Promotion Management
657:
622:
587:
540:
493:
179:Visual Metaphors and Aesthetics
64:Visual metaphors are a type of
450:
407:
372:
337:
290:
243:
196:
169:
130:
1:
678:10.1080/10496491.2016.1154924
471:10.1080/02650487.2020.1781477
428:10.1080/02650487.2020.1781477
123:
727:. You can help Knowledge by
143:Cognitive Linguistic Studies
7:
547:Jeong, Se‐Hoon (Feb 2008).
500:Jeong, Se‐Hoon (Feb 2008).
297:Jeong, Se‐Hoon (Feb 2008).
80:the image missing as well.
10:
795:
706:
719:This article relating to
565:10.1080/14697010701717488
518:10.1080/14697010701717488
315:10.1080/14697010701717488
774:Visualization (graphics)
59:
155:10.1075/cogls.00049.gal
176:Gal, Michalle (2022).
137:Gal, Michalle (2020).
21:
635:. London: Routledge.
600:. London: Routledge.
19:
31:conceptual metaphor
779:Communication stubs
22:
736:
735:
400:978-0-19-067817-3
365:978-0-19-067817-3
97:rhetorical device
786:
757:
750:
743:
715:
708:
698:
697:
661:
655:
654:
626:
620:
619:
591:
585:
584:
544:
538:
537:
497:
491:
490:
454:
448:
447:
411:
405:
404:
376:
370:
369:
341:
335:
334:
294:
288:
287:
247:
241:
240:
200:
194:
193:
173:
167:
166:
134:
103:Advertising uses
794:
793:
789:
788:
787:
785:
784:
783:
764:
763:
762:
761:
704:
702:
701:
662:
658:
643:
627:
623:
608:
592:
588:
545:
541:
498:
494:
455:
451:
412:
408:
401:
377:
373:
366:
342:
338:
295:
291:
268:10.2307/1165832
248:
244:
221:10.2307/1165832
201:
197:
190:
174:
170:
135:
131:
126:
105:
89:
87:Rhetorical uses
62:
26:visual metaphor
12:
11:
5:
792:
782:
781:
776:
760:
759:
752:
745:
737:
734:
733:
716:
700:
699:
672:(3): 443–460.
656:
641:
621:
606:
586:
539:
492:
465:(5): 760–782.
449:
422:(5): 760–782.
406:
399:
371:
364:
336:
289:
242:
195:
188:
168:
128:
127:
125:
122:
104:
101:
88:
85:
61:
58:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
791:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
769:
758:
753:
751:
746:
744:
739:
738:
732:
730:
726:
722:
721:communication
717:
714:
710:
709:
705:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
660:
652:
648:
644:
642:0-203-27230-7
638:
634:
633:
625:
617:
613:
609:
607:0-203-27230-7
603:
599:
598:
590:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
543:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
496:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
453:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
410:
402:
396:
392:
388:
384:
383:
375:
367:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:
340:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
293:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
246:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
199:
191:
189:9781350127715
185:
181:
180:
172:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
133:
129:
121:
117:
113:
110:
100:
98:
94:
84:
81:
77:
73:
71:
67:
57:
55:
50:
46:
42:
39:
34:
32:
27:
18:
729:expanding it
718:
703:
669:
665:
659:
631:
624:
596:
589:
559:(1): 59–73.
556:
552:
542:
512:(1): 59–73.
509:
505:
495:
462:
458:
452:
419:
415:
409:
381:
374:
346:
339:
309:(1): 59–73.
306:
302:
292:
259:
255:
245:
212:
208:
198:
178:
171:
149:(1): 58–77.
146:
142:
132:
118:
114:
106:
90:
82:
78:
74:
63:
45:connotations
35:
25:
23:
262:(1): 1–78.
215:(1): 1–78.
54:advertising
49:denotations
768:Categories
124:References
694:148209573
686:1049-6491
651:320325084
616:320325084
573:1352-7266
526:1352-7266
487:225720164
479:0265-0487
444:225720164
436:0265-0487
323:1352-7266
163:225353949
38:pictorial
581:62797510
534:62797510
331:62797510
93:persuade
70:abstract
66:metaphor
284:6993920
276:1165832
237:6993920
229:1165832
112:shown.
109:scripts
41:analogy
692:
684:
649:
639:
614:
604:
579:
571:
532:
524:
485:
477:
442:
434:
397:
362:
329:
321:
282:
274:
235:
227:
186:
161:
723:is a
690:S2CID
577:S2CID
530:S2CID
483:S2CID
440:S2CID
327:S2CID
272:JSTOR
225:JSTOR
159:S2CID
60:Types
725:stub
682:ISSN
647:OCLC
637:ISBN
612:OCLC
602:ISBN
569:ISSN
522:ISSN
475:ISSN
432:ISSN
395:ISBN
360:ISBN
319:ISSN
280:PMID
233:PMID
184:ISBN
47:and
674:doi
561:doi
514:doi
467:doi
424:doi
387:doi
352:doi
311:doi
264:doi
217:doi
151:doi
770::
688:.
680:.
670:22
668:.
645:.
610:.
575:.
567:.
557:14
555:.
551:.
528:.
520:.
510:14
508:.
504:.
481:.
473:.
463:40
461:.
438:.
430:.
420:40
418:.
393:.
358:.
325:.
317:.
307:14
305:.
301:.
278:.
270:.
260:45
258:.
254:.
231:.
223:.
213:45
211:.
207:.
157:.
145:.
141:.
24:A
756:e
749:t
742:v
731:.
696:.
676::
653:.
618:.
583:.
563::
536:.
516::
489:.
469::
446:.
426::
403:.
389::
368:.
354::
333:.
313::
286:.
266::
239:.
219::
192:.
165:.
153::
147:7
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.