177:
is implemented by the 1952 Act, is the question of jurisdiction for dealing with offences committed by visiting servicemen, civil servants accompanying a force, dependents and contractors. Its main provision is the agreement that the visiting force will retain jurisdiction for its people, which applies equally to United States personnel based in the United
Kingdom and British forces serving in NATO countries, Commonwealth countries and, more recently, those countries that have signed up to the NATO partnership for peace. Usually, the service authorities for the visiting force member alleged to have committed an offence and the United Kingdom authorities will be able to agree which jurisdiction is appropriate to deal with the case. If agreement is not reached the decision as to jurisdiction will be referred to the
69:
for the purposes of this Act, a country within the
Commonwealth of Nations; and (b) any other country declared under this section to be a country in relation to which that provision has effect. Section 5 of the Defence (Visiting Forces) Regulations 1963 specifies a list of specific countries with reference to which the Visiting Forces Act applies. Section 8 of the Visiting Forces Act specifies that the service tribunals and service authorities of a country in relation to which this section applies may, within Australia, or on board a ship or aircraft belonging to or in the service of the Defence Force or a part of the Defence Force, exercise over persons subject to their jurisdiction in accordance with this section all such powers as are exercisable by them in accordance with the law of that country.
181:. Where United Kingdom jurisdiction is appropriate the visiting forces case will normally be dealt with locally unless other criteria require the case to be dealt with by Crown Prosecution Service headquarters. Section 1 of the Visiting Forces Act 1952 contains a list of countries to which the act applies. Subsection 2 of Section 1, along with Subsection 2 of Section 15 provide the authority and a means for extending this list. Visiting Forces (Designation) Order 1997 and 1998 extended this list by designation additional countries.
176:
was passed to incorporate the provisions of the NATO Status of Forces
Agreement into United Kingdom law. SOFA provides a basis for a mutual and reciprocal system of exemptions, immunities and privileges for visiting forces when exercising or stationed in a host country. A major feature of SOFA, which
119:
Singapore's
Visiting Forces Act contains provisions for "the naval, military and air forces of certain other countries visiting Singapore, and for the apprehension and disposal of deserters or absentees without leave in Singapore from the forces of such countries and for matters connected therewith."
68:
The
Defence (Visiting Forces) Act 1963 is an act to make provision with respect to naval, military and air forces of other countries visiting Australia, and for other purposes. Section 6 of this act specifies that it shall be read as a reference to: (a) any country declared by the regulations to be,
59:
The
Visiting Forces Act of 2007 would define the status of foreign forces visiting Antigua and Barbuda. Section 7 of that Act provides that a service court of a visiting force has the primary right to exercise jurisdiction in relation to an alleged commission by a member of the visiting force or a
149:
was an act "to make provision with respect to forces of His
Majesty from other parts of the British Commonwealth when visiting the United Kingdom or a colony; with respect to the exercise of command and discipline when forces of His Majesty from different parts of the Commonwealth are serving
77:
The
Visiting Forces Act (R.S., 1985, c. V-2) provides that the service authorities and service courts of a visiting force may exercise within Canada in relation to members of that force and dependents all the criminal and disciplinary jurisdiction that is conferred on them by the law of the
93:
the SOFA Supplementary
Agreement of 3 August 1959 (Agreement to Supplement the Agreement between the Parties to the North Atlantic Treaty regarding the Status of their Forces with respect to Foreign Forces stationed in the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Law Gazette 1961 II
60:
dependent of an offense in respect of (a) the property or security of the designated state; or (b) the person or property of another member of the visiting force or a dependent. This act is presently embodied in a bill is pending enactment.
19:
is a title often given to laws governing the status of military personnel while they are visiting areas under the jurisdiction of another country and/or while forces of one country are attached to or serving with forces of another country.
136:
passed legislation titled the
Visiting Forces Act, 2007. Section 5 of the act extends immunity from the civil and criminal jurisdiction of Trinidad and Tobago in respect of actions taken in the course of their official duties.
162:
146:
90:
the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) of 19 June 1951 (Agreement between the Parties to the North Atlantic Treaty Regarding the Status of their Forces, Federal Law Gazette 1961 II p. 1190)
43:
between a host country and other countries may attain the force of law. Depending on the legislative climate in the host country, such enabling legislation may or may not be necessary.
325:
416:
165:
gave members of the United States naval and military forces immunity in United Kingdom courts. That remained the position until the aforementioned acts were repealed by the
27:
employees, etc.). Such laws commonly address such issues as criminal jurisdiction, treatment of apprehended individuals found to be foreign military personnel who are
39:
situations, etc. Individual laws enacted by individual governments may address such issues directly, or may act as enabling legislation so that separate
161:
enabled visiting Allied forces to conduct courts martial, but did not provide immunity from ordinary criminal law. There was a single exception, as the
466:
133:
150:
together; with respect to the attachment of members of one such force to another such force, and with respect to deserters from such forces."
529:
504:
86:
The following agreements govern the presence of forces from NATO states stationed in Germany on the basis of an international treaty:
420:
579:
23:
The law may also apply to some foreign non-military persons who are associated with visiting military forces (e.g., dependents,
28:
559:
111:
In 2004, the New Zealand Parliament passed the Visiting Forces Act 2004, updating and replacing the Visiting Forces Act 1939.
778:
391:
686:
670:
189:
Statutory Instrument 1990 No. 24 extends the provisions of the British Visiting Forces Act 1952 to these territories.
197:
Statutory Instrument 2001 No. 3922 extends the provisions of the British Visiting Forces Act 1952 to Bermuda.
129:
797:
470:
349:
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235:
240:
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40:
654:
173:
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283:
259:
158:
370:
536:
508:
230:
703:
8:
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Following are some examples of laws relating to visiting forces in various countries:
774:
745:
606:
214:
634:
184:
395:
36:
724:
218:
791:
689:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
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as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
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as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
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as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
441:
154:
620:
580:"Parliamentary discussion relating to the Armed Forces Discipline Bill"
687:
Text of the Visiting Forces (Designation) Order 1998 (No. 1268)
671:
Text of the Visiting Forces (Designation) Order 1997 (No. 1779)
491:
209:
enacted the Visiting Forces (Agreement) Act. This act gives separate
103:
In Malaysia, Act 432 is the Visiting Forces Act 1960 (Revised 1990).
32:
535:. Parliament of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Archived from
507:. Parliament of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Archived from
331:. COMLAW – Attorney General Department, Australian Government. 1963
24:
206:
185:
Anguilla, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat and the Virgin Islands
748:. Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute. 14 August 1980
560:
Text of the Visiting Forces (British Commonwealth) Act 1933
221:, and specified a protocol for extending those agreements.
505:"House Bill Information, The Visiting Forces Bill, 2007"
727:. Office of Public Sector Information. 11 December 2001
706:. Office of Public Sector Information. 14 February 1990
419:. Federal Foreign Office of Germany. Archived from
394:. NATO Online Library. 19 June 1951. Archived from
163:
United States of America (Visiting Forces) Act 1942
655:Text of the Visiting Forces Act 1952 (c. 67)
265:. Laws Online – Government of Antigua and Barbuda
789:
352:. Australasian Legal Information Institute. 1963
307:. Australasian Legal Information Institute. 1963
286:. Australasian Legal Information Institute. 1963
592:
147:Visiting Forces (British Commonwealth) Act 1933
350:"Defence (Visiting Forces) Act 1963 – Sect 8"
305:"Defence (Visiting Forces) Act 1963 – Sect 6"
768:
326:"Defence (Visiting Forces) Regulations 1963"
773:. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
582:. United Kingdom Parliament. 14 March 2000.
464:
771:The Handbook of The Law of Visiting Forces
635:"Legal guidance regarding Visiting Forces"
371:"Visiting Forces Act (R.S., 1985, c. V-2)"
610:
447:. Attorney general's Chambers of Malaysia
417:"The status of foreign forces in Germany"
595:"The U. S. A. Visiting Forces Act, 1942"
392:"NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA)"
574:
572:
467:"Visiting Forces Act comes into effect"
78:designated state to which they belong.
790:
123:
54:
492:Cap. 344, 1985 Rev. Ed.
46:
725:"Statutory Instrument 2001 No. 3922"
569:
373:. Canada Department of Justice. 1985
284:"Defence (Visiting Forces) Act 1963"
704:"Statutory Instrument 1990 No. 242"
13:
762:
612:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1942.tb02867.x
14:
809:
746:"Visiting forces (Agreement) Act"
593:Norman Bentwich (December 1942).
469:. beehive.govt.nz. Archived from
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769:Dieter Fleck, ed. (2003-09-18).
530:"The Visiting Forces Bill, 2007"
738:
717:
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260:"The Visiting forces Act, 2007"
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106:
1:
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7:
637:. Crown Prosecution Service
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98:
10:
814:
236:Status of forces agreement
211:Visiting Forces Agreements
200:
192:
81:
41:visiting forces agreements
490:Visiting Forces Act (
241:Visiting forces agreement
179:Crown Prosecution Service
72:
442:"Numerical list of laws"
174:Visiting Forces Act 1952
167:Visiting Forces Act 1952
134:House of Representatives
205:On 14 August 1980, the
159:Allied Forces Act 1940
599:The Modern Law Review
231:List of short titles
29:absent without leave
207:Republic of Vanuatu
128:In March 2007, the
124:Trinidad and Tobago
55:Antigua and Barbuda
17:Visiting Forces Act
798:Military alliances
691:legislation.gov.uk
675:legislation.gov.uk
659:legislation.gov.uk
564:legislation.gov.uk
47:Specific countries
33:military deserters
780:978-0-19-826894-9
465:Hon Mark Burton.
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215:Papua New Guinea
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763:Further reading
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605:(1, 2): 68–72.
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37:double jeopardy
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219:United Kingdom
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45:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
810:
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796:
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793:
782:
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581:
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542:on 2007-08-02
538:
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511:on 2007-08-02
510:
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473:on 2007-09-29
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423:on 2007-01-19
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398:on 2011-06-05
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94:p. 1218)
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750:. Retrieved
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729:. Retrieved
719:
708:. Retrieved
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639:. Retrieved
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544:. Retrieved
537:the original
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513:. Retrieved
509:the original
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471:the original
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449:. Retrieved
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425:. Retrieved
421:the original
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396:the original
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155:World War II
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107:New Zealand
752:2007-03-27
731:2007-03-26
710:2007-03-26
641:2007-03-26
546:2007-03-27
515:2007-03-27
477:2007-03-26
451:2007-03-26
427:2007-03-26
402:2007-03-26
377:2007-03-26
356:2007-03-26
335:2007-03-26
311:2007-03-23
290:2007-03-26
269:2007-03-26
247:References
115:Singapore
64:Australia
792:Category
225:See also
132:and the
99:Malaysia
25:civilian
621:1090547
201:Vanuatu
193:Bermuda
153:During
82:Germany
777:
619:
157:, the
130:Senate
73:Canada
617:JSTOR
540:(PDF)
533:(PDF)
445:(PDF)
329:(PDF)
263:(PDF)
213:with
775:ISBN
172:The
145:The
607:doi
31:or
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615:.
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597:.
571:^
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35:,
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494:)
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