Virtue ethics - Knowledge

2267: 7833: 414: 1856: 4289:) "covers most of the same topics as do classical Greek theories", "that he offers a general account of virtue, in terms of the strength of the will in overcoming wayward and selfish inclinations; that he offers detailed analyses of standard virtues such as courage and self-control, and of vices, such as avarice, mendacity, servility, and pride; that, although in general, he portrays inclination as inimical to virtue, he also recognizes that sympathetic inclinations offer crucial support to virtue, and urges their deliberate cultivation." 1835: 144: 4583:; virtue for classical republicans is a shield against this sort of corruption and a means to preserve the good life one has, rather than a means by which to achieve the good life one does not yet have. Another way to put the distinction between the two traditions is that virtue ethics relies on Aristotle's fundamental distinction between the human-being-as-he-is from the human-being-as-he-should-be, while classical republicanism relies on the Tacitean distinction of the risk-of-becoming. 2234: 389: 2259: 11455: 9360: 7670: 1815: 344: 2275: 4535:

encompasses more than just a simple selection of action. Instead, a virtue is a way of being that leads the person exhibiting the virtue to make certain "virtuous" types of choices consistently in each situation. There is a great deal of disagreement within virtue ethics over what are virtues and what are not. There are also difficulties in identifying what is the "virtuous" action to take in all circumstances, and how to define a virtue.

3267: 1875: 4404:. Trying to arrive at a single set of virtues is immensely difficult in contemporary societies as, according to Louden, they contain "more ethnic, religious, and class groups than did the moral community which Aristotle theorized about" with each of these groups having "not only its own interests but its own set of virtues as well". Louden notes in passing that MacIntyre, a supporter of virtue-based ethics, has grappled with this in 27: 3763:: wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance. Wisdom is subdivided into good sense, good calculation, quick-wittedness, discretion, and resourcefulness. Justice is subdivided into piety, honesty, equity, and fair dealing. Courage is subdivided into endurance, confidence, high-mindedness, cheerfulness, and industriousness. Temperance or moderation is subdivided into good discipline, seemliness, modesty, and self-control. 1845: 1825: 4458:. While deontology places the emphasis on doing one's duty, consequentialism bases the morality of an action upon its outcome. Instead of saying that one has a moral duty to abstain from murder, a consequentialist would say that we should abstain from murder because it causes undesirable effects. The main contention here is what outcomes should/can be identified as objectively desirable. 11442: 7681: 3279: 4352:, Immanuel Kant offers many different criticisms of ethical frameworks and against moral theories before him. Kant rarely mentioned Aristotle by name but did not exclude his moral philosophy of virtue ethics from his critique. Many Kantian arguments against virtue ethics claim that virtue ethics is inconsistent, or sometimes that it is not a real moral theory at all. 4493: 4557:. Obviously, strong claims about the purpose of human life, or of what the good life for human beings is, will be controversial. Virtue theory's necessary commitment to a teleological account of human life thus puts the tradition in tension with other dominant approaches to normative ethics, which, because they focus on actions, do not bear this burden. 4256:. That is to say that those acts that do not aim at virtue, or that stray from virtue, would constitute our conception of "bad behavior". Although not all virtue ethicists agree to this notion, this is one way the virtue ethicist can re-introduce the concept of the "morally impermissible". One could raise an objection that he is committing an 2123:; prudence, practical virtue, or practical wisdom) is an acquired trait that enables its possessor to identify the best thing to do in any given situation. Unlike theoretical wisdom, practical reason results in action or decision. As John McDowell puts it, practical wisdom involves a "perceptual sensitivity" to what a situation requires. 4279:, "suspicious of theory and respectful of the wisdom embodied in local practices", it is actually neither fundamentally distinct from, nor does it qualify as a rival approach to deontology and utilitarianism. She argues that philosophers from these two Enlightenment traditions often include theories of virtue. She pointed out that 4542:, but in a restricted sense, namely as a tendency or disposition to adhere to the system's principles or rules. In other words, in those theories, virtue is secondary, and the principles or rules are primary. These very different senses of what constitutes virtue, hidden behind the same word, are a potential source of confusion. 3346:. Virtue ethics concentrates on the character of the individual, rather than the acts (or consequences thereof) of the individual. There is debate among adherents of virtue ethics concerning what specific virtues are praiseworthy. However, most theorists agree that ethics is demonstrated by the practice of virtues. 1957:, which make the goodness of outcomes of an action (consequentialism) and the concept of moral duty (deontology) central. While virtue ethics does not necessarily deny the importance to ethics of goodness of states of affairs or of moral duties, it emphasizes virtue, and sometimes other concepts, like 3774:

Aristotle identifies approximately 18 virtues that demonstrate a person is performing their human function well. He distinguished virtues pertaining to emotion and desire from those relating to the mind. The first he calls moral virtues, and the second intellectual virtues (though both are "moral" in

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describes that state achieved by the person who lives the proper human life, an outcome that can be reached by practicing the virtues. A virtue is a habit or quality that allows the bearer to succeed at his, her, or its purpose. The virtue of a knife, for example, is sharpness; among the virtues of a

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In contrast with consequentialist and deontological ethical systems, in which one may be called upon to do the right thing even though it is not in one's own interests (one is to do it instead for the greater good, or out of duty), in virtue ethics, one does the right thing because it is in one's own

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Toronto and vice versa. To take this view does not necessarily commit one to the argument that accounts of the virtues must therefore be static: moral activity—that is, attempts to contemplate and practice the virtues—can provide the cultural resources that allow people to change, albeit slowly, the

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Aretaic approaches to morality, epistemology, and jurisprudence have been the subject of intense debates. One criticism focuses on the problem of guidance; opponents, such as Robert Louden in his article "Some Vices of Virtue Ethics", question whether the idea of a virtuous moral actor, believer, or

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For example, a generous person can reason well about when and how to help people, and such a person also helps people with pleasure and without conflict. In this, virtuous people are contrasted not only with vicious people (who reason poorly about what to do and are emotionally attached to the wrong

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In early versions and some modern versions of virtue ethics, a virtue is defined as a character trait that promotes or exhibits human "flourishing and wellbeing" in the person who exhibits it. Some modern versions of virtue ethics do not define virtues in terms of well being or flourishing, and some

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is a commonly adopted criteria for what is objectively desirable. Mill asserts that the desirability of an action is the net amount of happiness it brings, the number of people it brings it to, and the duration of the happiness. He tries to delineate classes of happiness, some preferable to others,

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are morally permitted and which ones are not, but rather on what sort of qualities someone ought to foster in order to become a good person. In other words, while some virtue theorists may not condemn, for example, murder as an inherently immoral or impermissible sort of action, they may argue that

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Plato and Aristotle's treatments of virtues are not the same. Plato believes virtue is effectively an end to be sought, for which a friend might be a useful means. Aristotle states that the virtues function more as means to safeguard human relations, particularly authentic friendship, without which

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proposed a series of 'technomoral' virtues that people need to cultivate in order to flourish in our socio-technological world: Honesty (Respecting Truth), Self-control (Becoming the Author of Our Desires), Humility (Knowing What We Do Not Know), Justice (Upholding Rightness), Courage (Intelligent

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view shared by both deontologists and utilitarians... the value of character traits is dependent on the value of the conduct that these traits tend to produce, and it is the concept of right behavior that it theoretically prior, not that of virtue. In reversing the order of justification, virtue

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A virtue ethicist identifies virtues, desirable characteristics, that an excellent person embodies. Exhibiting these virtues is the aim of ethics, and one's actions are a reflection of one's virtues. To the virtue philosopher, action cannot be used as a demarcation of morality, because a virtue

4166:. In other words, any character trait defined as a virtue must reasonably be universally regarded as a virtue for all people. According to this view, it is inconsistent to claim, for example, servility as a female virtue, while at the same time not proposing it as a male one. 4648:

Fear and Hope), Empathy (Compassionate Concern for Others), Care (Loving Service to Others), Civility (Making Common Cause), Flexibility (Skillful Adaptation to Change), Perspective (Holding on to the Moral Whole), and Magnanimity (Moral Leadership and Nobility of Spirit).

2080:, in Aristotelian virtue ethics, the emotions have moral significance because "virtues (and vices) are all dispositions not only to act, but to feel emotions, as reactions as well as impulses to action... In the person with the virtues, these emotions will be felt on the 4439:, sometimes referred to as duty ethics, places the emphasis on adhering to ethical principles or duties. How these duties are defined, however, is often a point of contention and debate in deontological ethics. One predominant rule scheme used by deontologists is 2073:(who are tempted by their feelings into doing the wrong thing even though they know what is right), but also with the merely continent (whose emotions tempt them toward doing the wrong thing but whose strength of will lets them do what they know is right). 4234:

as the political ideal. Other virtue theorists argue that laws should be made by virtuous legislators, and still another group argue that it is possible to base a judicial system on the moral notion of virtues rather than rules. Aristotle himself saw his

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Thomas Alured Faunce argued that whistleblowing in the healthcare setting would be more respected within clinical governance pathways if it had a firmer academic foundation in virtue ethics. He called for whistleblowing to be expressly supported in the

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Although modern virtue ethics does not have to take a 'neo-Aristotelian' or eudaimonist form..., almost any modern version still shows that its roots are in ancient Greek philosophy by the employment of three concepts derived from it. These are

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Other proponents of virtue theory, notably Alasdair MacIntyre, respond to this objection by arguing that any account of the virtues must indeed be generated out of the community in which those virtues are to be practiced: the very word

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In "What Is Virtue Ethics All About?", Gregory Velazco y Trianosky identified the key points of divergence between virtue ethicists and what he called "neo-Kantianism", in the form these nine neo-Kantian moral assertions:

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Though the tradition receded into the background of European philosophical thought in the past few centuries, the term "virtue" remained current during this period, and in fact appears prominently in the tradition of

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go so far as to define virtues as traits that tend to promote some other good that is defined independently of the virtues, thereby subsuming virtue ethics under (or somehow merging it with) consequentialist ethics.

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Regarding which are the most important virtues, Aristotle proposed the following nine: wisdom; prudence; justice; fortitude; courage; liberality; magnificence; magnanimity; temperance. In contrast, philosopher

3787:) between two corresponding vices, one of excess and one of deficiency. Each intellectual virtue is a mental skill or habit by which the mind arrives at truth, affirming what is or denying what is not. In the 5347:

t is important to notice (1.) that virtue ethics is not necessarily tied to the notion of wellbeing; and (2.) that according to some philosophers, virtue ethics is necessarily, or at least typically, of a

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John McDowell argues that virtue is a "perceptual capacity" to identify how one ought to act, and that all particular virtues are merely "specialized sensitivities" to a range of reasons for acting.

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Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. Barry Schwartz argues that "practical wisdom" is an antidote to much of the inefficient and inhumane bureaucracy of modern health care systems.

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Immanuel Kant's position on virtue ethics is contested. Those who argue that Kantian deontology conflicts with virtue ethics include Alasdair MacIntyre, Philippa Foot, and Bernard Williams. In the

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Faunce, T. A.; Nasu, H. (23 April 2009). "Normative Foundations of Technology Transfer and Transnational Benefit Principles in the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights".

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and felt that the point of politics was to create the fertile soil for a virtuous citizenry to develop in, and that one purpose of virtue was that it helps you to contribute to a healthy

4222:. Still, antagonists of the theory often object that this particular feature of the theory makes virtue ethics useless as a universal norm of acceptable conduct suitable as a base for 3437:

continued to be the main authority for the discipline of ethics at Protestant universities until the late seventeenth century, with over fifty Protestant commentaries published on the

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This disagreement over the meaning of virtue points to a larger conflict between virtue theory and its philosophical rivals. A system of virtue theory is only intelligible if it is

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and the practice of the virtues, so that one is virtuous willingly, gladly, and enthusiastically because one knows that being virtuous is the best thing one can do with oneself.

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as the acme of political organisation, and the role of the virtues in enabling human beings to flourish in that environment. Classical republicanism in contrast emphasises

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What is surprising today is how many of the most influential writers on the virtues today in fact defend some sort of teleological if not specifically utilitarian answer.

9153: 1946:, in contrast to other ethical systems that put consequences of voluntary acts, principles or rules of conduct, or obedience to divine authority in the primary role. 2221:, while others are non-teleological: that is, they do not account for virtues in terms of the results that the practice of the virtues produce or tend to produce. 3759:

There are several lists of virtues. Socrates argued that virtue is knowledge, which suggests that there is really only one virtue. The Stoics identified four

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Trianosky says that modern sympathizers with virtue ethics almost all reject neo-Kantian claim #1, and many of them also reject certain of the other claims.

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and others. In political theory, there has been discussion of "virtue politics", and in legal theory, there is a small but growing body of literature on

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is an "activity of the soul in accordance with perfect virtue", which further could only properly be exercised in the characteristic human community—the

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An action, in order to be morally virtuous, must be motivated by this sort of moral judgment (not, for example, merely coincidentally aligned with it).

48: 41: 7718: 4182:. That is to say that the virtues are, and necessarily must be, grounded in a particular time and place. What counts as a virtue in 4th-century 1903: 1751: 1485: 2139:) is a state variously translated from Greek as 'well-being', 'happiness', 'blessedness', and in the context of virtue ethics, 'human flourishing'. 6055: 5195: 4260:

by postulating that what is not virtuous is unvirtuous. In other words, just because an action or person 'lacks of evidence' for virtue does not,

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and intellectual components. That is, they are dispositions that involve both being able to reason well about the right thing to do (see below on

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that make an action moral, regardless of circumstances. Immanuel Kant is considered one of the foremost theorists of deontological ethics.

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The virtuousness of a character trait, or virtue, derives from the relationship that trait has to moral judgments, rules, and principles.

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refers to a rather new (or renewed) approach to ethics, according to which the basic judgments in ethics are judgments about character.

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Some virtue theorists might respond to this overall objection with the notion of a "bad act" also being an act characteristic of

1681: 296: 163: 4077:(theoretical wisdom), which combines fundamental truths with valid, necessary inferences to reason well about unchanging truths. 4575:' concern that power and luxury can corrupt individuals and destroy liberty, as Tacitus perceived in the transformation of the 171: 11154: 7711: 6381:

Faunce, T.A.; Jefferys, S. (2007). "Whistleblowing and Scientific Misconduct: Renewing Legal and Virtue Ethics Foundations".

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argues that virtue ethics can provide a basis for a balanced approach to understanding capitalism and capitalist societies.

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racehorse is speed. Thus, to identify the virtues for human beings, one must have an account of what is the human purpose.

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Virtues are viewed as necessary conditions for, or as constitutive elements of, human flourishing and wellbeing.

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in moral philosophy is paralleled by analogous developments in other philosophical disciplines. One of these is

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Faunce, T.A. (2004). "Developing and Teaching the Virtue-Ethics Foundations of Healthcare Whistle Blowing".

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judge can provide the guidance necessary for action, belief formation, or the resolution of legal disputes.

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period, the most comprehensive consideration of the virtues from a theological perspective was provided by

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have few points of agreement and that the common core of their work does not represent a break from Kant.

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is a characteristic disposition to think, feel, and act poorly. Virtues are not everyday habits; they are

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They are motivating; they can compel action in an agent, also independently of that agent's desires.

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is a characteristic disposition to think, feel, and act well in some domain of life. In contrast, a

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Trianosky, Gregory Velazco y (1997). "What is Virtue Ethics All About?". In Statman, Daniel (ed.).

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Trianosky, Gregory Velazco y (1997). "What is Virtue Ethics All About?". In Statman, Daniel (ed.).

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Trianosky, Gregory Velazco y (1997). "What is Virtue Ethics All About?". In Statman, Daniel (ed.).

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in this sense is not a subjective, but an objective, state. It characterizes the well-lived life.

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and modern eudaimonic virtue ethics, virtues and vices are complex dispositions that involve both

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interests. Part of training in practical virtue ethics is to come to see the coincidence of one's

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ethics (the three being together the most predominant contemporary normative ethical theories).

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but that ethics cannot dispense with building rules around acts and rely only on discussing the

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Robert B. Louden criticizes virtue ethics on the basis that it promotes a form of unsustainable

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made an effort to reconstruct a virtue-based theory in dialogue with the problems of modern and

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defines the goal of human life. It consists of exercising the characteristic human quality—

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Hursthouse, Rosalind (1997). "Virtue Ethics and the Emotions". In Statman, Daniel (ed.).

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Not all modern virtue ethics theories are eudaimonic; some place another end in place of

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They are not based on some concept of human good that is independent of moral goodness.

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someone who commits a murder is severely lacking in several important virtues, such as

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a constitutive element of the human good rather than merely a means to its attainment.

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Proponents of virtue theory sometimes argue that a central feature of a virtue is its

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proposed as the four cardinal virtues ambition/humility, love, courage, and honesty.

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discusses Aristotelian ethics to support his ethical theory of justice in his book

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Another objection to virtue theory is that virtue ethics does not focus on what

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that can be justified independently of the desires of the person they apply to.

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Virtue ethics is usually contrasted with two other major approaches in ethics,

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MacIntyre appears to take this position in his seminal work on virtue ethics,

3153: 12945: 12837: 12451: 12436: 12416: 12217: 12202: 12187: 12100: 12095: 11989: 11973: 11637: 11068: 10980: 10910: 10652: 10442: 10376: 10333: 10202: 9827: 9613: 9017: 8957: 8907: 8746: 8684: 8669: 8568: 8483: 8412: 8364: 8272: 7864: 7727: 7578: 7489: 7481: 7371: 7312: 6946: 6432: 5423: 5392: 4714: 4426: 4329: 4325: 4320:). She argues that contemporary virtue ethicists such as Alasdair MacIntyre, 4280: 4135: 3613: 3589: 3565: 3551: 3413: 3375:. The virtues also figure prominently in Aristotle's ethical theory found in 3103: 3033: 2848: 2833: 2793: 2708: 2663: 2653: 2514: 2440: 2386: 1924: 1607: 1549: 1539: 1312: 1152: 1147: 1016: 1011: 12779: 12703: 5969: 5229: 4219: 12673: 12509: 12471: 12421: 12391: 12359: 12349: 12344: 12257: 12237: 12157: 11957: 11936: 11907: 11819: 11099: 11089: 11048: 11028: 10800: 10763: 10722: 10608: 10558: 10219: 10197: 10175: 10122: 10090: 9962: 9822: 9733: 9529: 9298: 9241: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9037: 9007: 8741: 8614: 8548: 8543: 8478: 8334: 8319: 8143: 8131: 8080: 8066: 7635: 7361: 6906: 6849: 6831: 6485:

Technology and the Virtues: A Philosophical Guide to a Future Worth Wanting

6440: 6394: 6365: 5410: 4675: 4580: 4546: 4186:

Athens would be a ludicrous guide to proper behaviour in 21st-century

4126: 3718: 3581: 3570: 3405: 3228: 2768: 2643: 2482: 1997: 1706: 1523: 1518: 1389: 1384: 1206: 1184: 1083: 1027: 621: 442: 11704: 3400:. The Greek idea of the virtues was passed on in Roman philosophy through 2233: 388: 12491: 12381: 12299: 12222: 12172: 12075: 11829: 11794: 11739: 11711: 11596: 11094: 11033: 10905: 10885: 10790: 10727: 10687: 10667: 10593: 10563: 10224: 10160: 9852: 9837: 9713: 9703: 9652: 9618: 9557: 8997: 8801: 8578: 8239: 7511: 7351: 7341: 7046: 6843: 6809: 6424: 5589:

Stocker, Michael (1976). "The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories".

5384: 4711: – Belief that universal principles of morality override unjust laws 4292:

Nussbaum also points to considerations of virtue by utilitarians such as

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Consequentialist and deontological theories often still employ the term

4098:(understanding) – comprehending what others say, does not issue commands 3453:. This tradition was prominent in the intellectual life of 16th-century 3323:

Like much of the Western tradition, virtue theory originated in ancient

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Faith, Hope and Love, as portrayed by Mary Lizzie Macomber (1861–1916)

6123:. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press. pp. 42, 112. 4470:

but there is a great deal of difficulty in classifying such concepts.

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Nussbaum, Martha C. (1999). "Virtue Ethics: A Misleading Category?".

5502: 5314: 5308: 5302: 5083: 4894:(Winter 2018 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 4702: 4614:

argues that virtue ethics can provide a rationale and foundation for

4566: 4244: 4231: 4227: 4192: 4175: 4111: 4103: 4101: 4093: 4085: 4072: 4062: 4052: 3541: 3339: 2420: 2324: 2216: 2206: 2202: 2196: 2181: 2175: 2159: 2153: 2149: 2140: 2126: 2112: 2110: 2102: 2096: 2060: 2058: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2012: 1958: 1528: 968: 885: 846: 765: 316: 306: 12724: 10180: 6534: 6147:"The Kantian Critique of Aristotle's Moral Philosophy: An Appraisal" 5602: 5518: 26: 12845: 12666: 12574: 12456: 12376: 12334: 12309: 12284: 12232: 12162: 12107: 12070: 12065: 12055: 12050: 12040: 11697: 11683: 11501: 10785: 10692: 10657: 10615: 10603: 10391: 10185: 10085: 10028: 9832: 9786: 9670: 9303: 9268: 8902: 8887: 8811: 8806: 8771: 8761: 8674: 8609: 8583: 7998: 7976: 7966: 7956: 7916: 7749: 7440: 7428: 7418: 7391: 7183: 6936: 4908:"Virtue and Duty: Negotiating Between Different Ethical Traditions" 4720: 4064: 3940: 3655: 3393: 3331: 3266: 2633: 2603: 2509: 2499: 2477: 2406: 1874: 1632: 1339: 1327: 1192: 704: 596: 321: 250: 135: 12924: 12786: 6686: 6277: 4360:

The crucial moral question is "what is it right/obligatory to do?"

4275:

suggested that while virtue ethics is often considered to be anti-

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Louden, Robert B. (July 1984). "On Some Vices of Virtue Ethics".

4729: – Ancient Tamil composition on personal ethics and morality 4572: 4014: 3959: 3828: 3409: 3397: 3385: 3362: 2958: 2613: 2578: 2536: 2531: 2410: 1415: 1322: 1317: 1168: 677: 12759: 12680: 6676: 6611: 6318:

Peace Education: Exploring Ethical and Philosophical Foundations

5991:. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press. Chapter 14. 5908: 4363:

Moral judgments are those that concern the rightness of actions.

2015:, a virtue was not a skill that made you better able to achieve 12868: 12860: 12731: 12710: 12659: 12638: 12481: 12212: 11871: 11658: 11646: 10677: 10598: 10328: 9987: 9977: 9675: 9577: 8912: 8853: 8786: 8711: 8588: 8198: 7807: 6873: 6666:

Virtue Ethics – summary, criticisms and how to apply the theory

4705: – Ancient Greek word for a type of wisdom or intelligence 4628: 4369:

Such rules or principles are universal, not respecting persons.

3401: 3358: 3343: 2718: 2678: 2638: 2174:, Aristotle, like Plato before him, argued that the pursuit of 2165: 1989: 1979: 1943: 1935: 4777: 4454:

The next predominant school of thought in normative ethics is

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ethics is calling for a real revolution in ethical thought...

5247:(6th ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth. pp. 146–169. 4664: 4194: 4177: 4131: 3501:) continued to emphasise the virtues, with the ascendancy of 3454: 3335: 2183: 2134: 2118: 1927: 1138: 1108: 770: 245: 5872:

Louden, Robert B. (1984). "On some vices of virtue ethics".

4267: 4090:(good sense) – passing judgment, "sympathetic understanding" 12916: 12908: 12366: 12289: 12127: 11470: 9154:

An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation

8932: 8848: 8694: 8689: 8649: 8038: 7988: 5792:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 30. 4789: 4780: 4253: 4054: 3783:

Aristotle suggested that each moral virtue was a mean (see

3389: 2748: 2168:—as the soul's most proper and nourishing activity. In his 1993: 438: 11840: 12486: 10338: 8858: 8167: 6229:

Statman, Daniel (1997). "Introduction to Virtue Ethics".

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Statman, Daniel (1997). "Introduction to Virtue Ethics".

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Statman, Daniel (1997). "Introduction to Virtue Ethics".

4852:

Statman, Daniel (1997). "Introduction to Virtue Ethics".

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Virtue ethics has a number of contemporary applications.

3978: 5369:"A virtue ethics approach to moral dilemmas in medicine" 3795: 3606:

found the language of virtue helpful in his own project.

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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

2065:), and also to engage emotions and feelings correctly. 12693: 5848:

Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ

12530: 12507: 7726: 5851:. Aristotle's Challenge, pp. xix–xxiv: Bantam Books. 5188:

Kraut, Richard (2016-01-01). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).

4798: 4774: 4661: – Practical application of moral considerations 4549:: that is, if it includes an account of the purpose ( 6034:(10th ed.). McGraw Hill LLC. pp. 169–184. 5687:. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press. 5664:. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press. 4882: 4786: 4366:

Such judgments take the form of rules or principles.

3554:, published a collection of essays in 1978 entitled 6487:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. 2016. 4783: 4565:Virtue theory emphasises Aristotle's belief in the 4120:Aristotle's list is not the only list, however. As 3679:drew on classical virtue ethics in conceptualizing 7204:On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 6516: 6145: 6116: 5984: 5814: 5785: 5756: 5712: 5680: 5657: 5625: 5503:"Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Protestantism" 5439:Plato: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide 5243:Pojman, L.P.; Fieser, J. (2009). "Virtue Theory". 4264:, imply that said action or person is unvirtuous. 2000:, in the sense that they are central to someone’s 1965:, to an extent that other ethics theories do not. 7409: 7332: 5319:(usually translated as happiness or flourishing). 12943: 6554:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 4678: – Chinese ethical and philosophical system 3509:, virtue theory moved to the margins of Western 4081:Aristotle also mentions several other traits: 3616:edited a collection of important essays titled 6380: 6181:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 47–55. 5441:. Oxford University Press, USA. 2010. p. 4744: – Virtue ethics applied to jurisprudence 4420: 12922: 12906: 11856: 11486: 9390: 8183: 7712: 6702: 6419:(3). Oxford University Press (OUP): 296–321. 4553:) of human life, or in popular language, the 4230:instead, effectively advocating some form of 3532:Philosopher, psychologist, and encyclopedist 3384:Virtue theory was inserted into the study of 3304: 1897: 365: 9130:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel 7480: 6054:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5956:McDowell, John (1979). "Virtue and reason". 5242: 5216:McDowell, John (1979). "Virtue and Reason". 5161:Pincoffs, Edmund (1971). "Quandary ethics". 4717: – Seven virtues in Christian tradition 4443:. Deontology also depends upon meta-ethical 3584:accorded an important place to Aristotelian 3527:The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories 3334:, and was subsequently developed further by 12858: 12835: 12826: 12817: 6067: 6065: 5256: 5254: 5140:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 108. 4826: 4792: 4723: – Virtue-focused philosophical system 4696: – Virtue-focused philosophical system 4395: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 2095: 2092:reasons, where 'right' means 'correct'..." 11963:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues 11863: 11849: 11493: 11479: 9397: 9383: 8190: 8176: 7719: 7705: 6709: 6695: 6410: 5812: 5777: 5739: 5335:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 11. 5275: 5135: 5010:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 47. 4982:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 48. 4415: 3353:Discussion of what were known as the four 3311: 3297: 1904: 1890: 412: 372: 358: 6549: 6290: 6233:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 7. 6176: 6114: 5982: 5678: 5655: 5557: 5400: 5005: 4977: 4954:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 8. 4856:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 7. 4522:Learn how and when to remove this message 4447:, in that it postulates the existence of 4268:Subsumed in deontology and utilitarianism 4183: 3740:, where proponents argue for an emphasis 3630:employed virtue theory in theorising the 3595:of the subject, most notably in his book 3350:one's quest for happiness is frustrated. 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 6597:The Cambridge Companion to Virtue Ethics 6585: 6453: 6315: 6143: 6071: 6062: 6011: 5955: 5539: 5366: 5251: 5215: 5160: 4827:Carr, David; Steutel, Jan, eds. (1999). 4308:The Principles of Morals and Legislation 3540:, and the virtue theory of happiness or 2158:in the Western philosophical tradition, 919:Outside the Church there is no salvation 12010:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths 9162:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals 6599:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 6594: 6576: 6567: 6316:Page, James; Page, James Smith (2008). 6228: 6029: 6019:. Doubleday & Co. pp. 317–338. 5841: 5710: 5588: 5482: 5471: 5330: 4949: 4851: 4343:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals 164:The unexamined life is not worth living 12944: 6624: 6558: 6343: 6257: 6201: 6195: 5871: 5783: 5500: 5290:from the original on 23 September 2018 4560: 4018:in the face of shame or shamelessness 3707:Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do? 3654:identified current virtue theory with 3477:, and the prominent figures among the 3428:Commentaries on the Nicomachean Ethics 752:Realms beyond the States of the Church 47:Please improve this article by adding 11844: 11474: 11136: 9878: 9416: 9378: 8171: 7700: 7551: 7460: 6690: 5754: 5740:Crisp, Roger; Slote, Michael (1997). 5683:Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry 5485:Commentary on the Ten Books of Ethics 5421: 5260: 5187: 5106: 5082: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5050: 4905: 3793:he discusses about 11 moral virtues: 3742:on virtue and vice of constitutional 3576:Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry 2044: 7258:On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias 6454:Schwartz, Barry (16 February 2009). 6320:. Information Age Pub Incorporated. 5906: 5623: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 4684: – Ancient school of philosophy 4486: 2224: 2004:and what they are like as a person. 1824: 20: 11995:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers 9178:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 6716: 6671:Legal theory lexicon: Virtue ethics 6658:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 6639:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 6617:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 6590:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 5283:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5276:Hursthouse, Rosalind (8 Dec 2016). 5245:Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong 4892:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4667: – Greek philosophical concept 4594:Within the field of social ethics, 4335: 4040:Malicious enjoyment / spitefulness 3754: 3433:After the Reformation, Aristotle's 1844: 13: 7831: 7619:Transmission of the Greek Classics 6646: 6586:Gardiner, Stephen M., ed. (2005). 6581:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6511: 6505: 6413:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 5926: 5744:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4187: 3889:with great wealth and possessions 3733:. The aretaic turn also exists in 3694:with a challenge from Aristotle's 1973: 14: 13013: 7293:The Situations and Names of Winds 6604: 6579:Virtue Ethics: a Pluralistic View 6518:"Virtue: Confucius and Aristotle" 5027: 4829:Virtue Ethics and Moral Education 3928:Unambitiousness / undue humility 3851:in the face of pleasure and pain 3843:Licentiousness / self-indulgence 3473:period, the 18th-century English 3388:by moralistic historians such as 2152:, the most prominent exponent of 11454: 11453: 11440: 9359: 9358: 7679: 7669: 7668: 6595:Russell, Daniel C., ed. (2013). 6561:An Introduction to Virtue Ethics 6231:Virtue Ethics: A Critical Reader 6204:American Philosophical Quarterly 6179:Virtue Ethics: A Critical Reader 6032:The Elements of Moral Philosophy 5874:American Philosophical Quarterly 5417:from the original on 2019-11-06. 5333:Virtue Ethics: A Critical Reader 5313:(practical or moral wisdom) and 5138:Virtue Ethics: A Critical Reader 5008:Virtue Ethics: A Critical Reader 4980:Virtue Ethics: A Critical Reader 4952:Virtue Ethics: A Critical Reader 4854:Virtue Ethics: A Critical Reader 4770: 4491: 3277: 3265: 2273: 2265: 2257: 2232: 2021:but was itself an expression of 1873: 1854: 1843: 1834: 1833: 1823: 1814: 1813: 1217:Catechism of the Catholic Church 387: 343: 342: 142: 25: 7199:On Length and Shortness of Life 6477: 6466:from the original on 2016-05-07 6447: 6404: 6334: 6309: 6295:. University of Chicago Press. 6284: 6251: 6222: 6170: 6137: 6108: 6030:Rachels, James, Stuart (2023). 6023: 6005: 5976: 5949: 5897: 5884: 5865: 5835: 5806: 5748: 5733: 5704: 5646: 5617: 5582: 5533: 5494: 5462: 5431:A Companion to World Literature 5357: 5324: 5269: 5236: 5209: 5198:from the original on 2019-03-18 5181: 5154: 5129: 4590:Social and political philosophy 3775:the modern sense of the word). 1968: 11948:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues 11796:Meditations of Marcus Aurelius 9404: 9146:The Theory of Moral Sentiments 8516:Value monism – Value pluralism 6789:Correspondence theory of truth 6677:The Virtue Ethics Research Hub 6568:Darwall, Stephen, ed. (2003). 6550:Devettere, Raymond J. (2002). 6291:McCloskey, Deirdre N. (2007). 6262:. Princeton University Press. 5100: 4999: 4971: 4943: 4873: 4845: 4820: 4762: 4738: – Philosophical approach 4622:Health care and medical ethics 3966:Understatement / mock modesty 3947:Lack of spirit/unirascibility 3548:throughout his published work. 545:History of the Catholic Church 1: 11137: 7135:Constitution of the Athenians 6552:Introduction to Virtue Ethics 5813:Hursthouse, Rosalind (1999). 4890:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). 4813: 4149: 3916:Honour and dishonour (minor) 3897:Honour and dishonour (major) 3878:Getting and spending (major) 3859:Getting and spending (minor) 1934:) is an approach that treats 49:secondary or tertiary sources 12597: 12588: 12565: 11500: 10926:Ordinary language philosophy 9417: 9210:On the Genealogy of Morality 9170:Critique of Practical Reason 7037:On Generation and Corruption 6563:. Amherst: Prometheus Books. 6115:MacIntyre, Alasdair (1981). 5983:MacIntyre, Alasdair (1981). 5784:Becker, Lawrence C. (1998). 5679:MacIntyre, Alasdair (1990). 5656:MacIntyre, Alasdair (1981). 5429:. In Seigneurie, Ken (ed.). 5315: 5309: 5303: 4709:Rule according to higher law 4671:Buddhist ethics (discipline) 4567: 4463:greatest happiness principle 4349:Critique of Practical Reason 4245: 4193: 4176: 4112: 4102: 4094: 4086: 4073: 4063: 4053: 4039: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4020: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4001: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3984: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3965: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3946: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3927: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3910: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3891: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3872: 3870:with wealth and possessions 3864: 3861: 3858: 3853: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3834: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3542: 3404:and later incorporated into 2217: 2207: 2197: 2182: 2176: 2160: 2154: 2141: 2127: 2111: 2103: 2097: 2059: 2029: 2023: 2017: 1959: 7: 12694: 12531: 12508: 11870: 11803:Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta 10976:Contemporary utilitarianism 10891:Internalism and externalism 6577:Swanton, Christine (2003). 6383:Journal of Medicine and Law 6144:Sullivan, Roger J. (1974). 5931:[On Moral Duties]. 5821:. Oxford University Press. 5763:. Oxford University Press. 5632:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 5540:Anscombe, G. E. M. (1958). 5424:"Aristotle's Virtue Ethics" 5367:Gardiner, P. (2003-10-01). 4906:Annas, Julia (2015-09-22). 4886:; Pettigrove, Glen (2018). 4688:Environmental virtue ethics 4651: 4421:Virtue ethics as a category 3800:SPHERE OF ACTION OR FEELING 3568:thought; his works include 3489:Contemporary "aretaic turn" 2088:people or objects, for the 1942:as the primary subjects of 1002:Infallibility of the Church 10: 13018: 10240:Svatantrika and Prasangika 9879: 9138:A Treatise of Human Nature 8197: 7278:On Marvellous Things Heard 6897:Potentiality and actuality 6588:Virtue Ethics, Old and New 4641:Technology and the Virtues 4635:Technology and the virtues 4472: 3881:Vulgarity / tastelessness 3459:Tomás Fernández de Medrano 2320:Principle of Double Effect 2135: 2119: 1977: 1928: 1880:Catholic Church portal 155:I know that I know nothing 16:Normative ethical theories 12878: 12796: 12623: 12550: 12500: 12023: 11921: 11878: 11812: 11732: 11668: 11636: 11595: 11586: 11508: 11434: 11386: 11286: 11248: 11195: 11162: 11153: 11149: 11132: 11082: 10994: 10832: 10823: 10756: 10539: 10530: 10508: 10463: 10405: 10357: 10311: 10302: 10265: 10136: 10001: 9948: 9939: 9889: 9885: 9874: 9813: 9785: 9742: 9694: 9651: 9604: 9576: 9528: 9500: 9462:Philosophy of mathematics 9452:Philosophy of information 9427: 9423: 9412: 9354: 9261: 9106: 8872: 8597: 8526: 8388: 8263: 8205: 8152: 8104: 7903: 7843: 7829: 7738: 7664: 7641:Commentaries on Aristotle 7611: 7325: 7228: 7212: 7164: 7143: 7109: 7093: 7055: 7017: 6974: 6965: 6750: 6724: 6152:The Review of Metaphysics 5759:The Morality of Happiness 5591:The Journal of Philosophy 5559:10.1017/s0031819100037943 5542:"Modern Moral Philosophy" 5373:Journal of Medical Ethics 5175:10.1093/mind/LXXX.320.552 5109:The Morality of Happiness 4936:– via SpringerLink. 4926:10.1007/s10790-015-9520-y 4831:. Routledge. p. 22. 4286:The Metaphysics of Morals 4283:"Doctrine of Virtue" (in 4199:of their own societies. 4146:have all proposed lists. 4130:, thinkers as diverse as 3646:The Morality of Happiness 3636:international development 3483:American Founding Fathers 3469:, the republicans of the 3369:—can be found in Plato's 3330:Virtue ethics began with 2201:was first popularized by 2039:enlightened self-interest 11789:Enchiridion of Epictetus 8489:Universal prescriptivism 6559:Taylor, Richard (2002). 6523:Philosophy East and West 6260:The Machiavellian Moment 5927:Cicero, Marcus Tullius. 5483:Aquinas, Thomas (1272). 5472:Aquinas, Thomas (1485). 5433:. John Wiley & Sons. 5307:(excellence or virtue), 5194:(Spring 2016 ed.). 4913:Journal of Value Inquiry 4755: 4396:Utopianism and pluralism 3873:Illiberality / meanness 1567:Eastern Catholic liturgy 1370:Eastern Catholic liturgy 1179:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 565:Four Marks of the Church 203:Socratic intellectualism 11782:Discourses of Epictetus 10931:Postanalytic philosophy 10872:Experimental philosophy 8278:Artificial intelligence 7009:Sophistical Refutations 6572:. Oxford: B. Blackwell. 6346:Monash Bioethics Review 6258:Pocock, J.G.A. (1975). 6086:10.1023/A:1009877217694 5970:10.5840/monist197962319 5933:www.oll.libertyfund.org 5711:Ricoeur, Paul (1992) . 5624:Foot, Philippa (1978). 5286:. Stanford University. 5230:10.5840/monist197962319 5113:Oxford University Press 4750: – Pejorative term 4608:philosophy of education 4416:Topics in virtue ethics 4377:categorical imperatives 4317:The Subjection of Women 4258:argument from ignorance 4164:universal applicability 3892:Pettiness / stinginess 3519:Modern Moral Philosophy 3447:classical republicanism 2436:Theological determinism 1861:Vatican City portal 1287:Philosophy of canon law 1007:Mystical Body of Christ 12923: 12907: 12859: 12836: 12827: 12818: 11588:Philosophical concepts 11064:Social constructionism 10076:Hellenistic philosophy 9492:Theoretical philosophy 9467:Philosophy of religion 9457:Philosophy of language 7837: 7194:On Divination in Sleep 6880:Horror vacui (physics) 6682:The Four Stoic Virtues 6017:The Faith Of A Heretic 5501:Sytsma, David (2021). 4425:Virtue contrasts with 4375:They take the form of 4037:in the face of injury 3919:Ambition/empty vanity 3721:, where a distinctive 3692:Emotional Intelligence 3479:Scottish Enlightenment 3272:Catholicism portal 2624:Gregory (of Nazianzus) 2488:Christian Neoplatonism 2084:occasions, toward the 36:relies excessively on 12412:Righteous indignation 11768:Seneca's Consolations 11447:Philosophy portal 10966:Scientific skepticism 10946:Reformed epistemology 9472:Philosophy of science 9202:The Methods of Ethics 8440:Divine command theory 8435:Ideal observer theory 7835: 7686:Philosophy portal 7308:Rhetoric to Alexander 6293:The Bourgeois Virtues 6074:The Journal of Ethics 5907:Stephens, William O. 5755:Annas, Julia (1993). 5352:-teleological nature. 5107:Annas, Julia (1993). 4682:Cynicism (philosophy) 4479:Utilitarianism (book) 4473:Further information: 4441:divine command theory 4299:The Methods of Ethics 4239:as a prequel for his 4134:, the authors of the 4034:Righteous indignation 3963:with self-expression 3738:constitutional theory 3412:of Milan. During the 3284:Philosophy portal 2069:things) and with the 1436:Anointing of the Sick 1227:Apostolic exhortation 924:Infused righteousness 842:Immaculate Conception 550:History of the papacy 11930:Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā 10867:Critical rationalism 10574:Edo neo-Confucianism 10418:Acintya bheda abheda 10397:Renaissance humanism 10108:School of the Sextii 9482:Practical philosophy 9477:Political philosophy 9319:Political philosophy 8157:Christian philosophy 7904:Seven lively virtues 7397:Andronicus of Rhodes 7298:On Virtues and Vices 7253:On Indivisible Lines 7174:Sense and Sensibilia 7144:Rhetoric and poetics 6957:mathematical realism 6626:Hursthouse, Rosalind 6456:"Our loss of wisdom" 5422:Bowin, John (2020). 5385:10.1136/jme.29.5.297 4884:Hursthouse, Rosalind 4742:Virtue jurisprudence 4606:Within the field of 4437:Deontological ethics 4116:(art, craftsmanship) 4047:Intellectual virtues 3832:in the face of fear 3821:Fear and confidence 3731:virtue jurisprudence 3507:deontological ethics 3451:classical liberalism 2520:Second scholasticism 1988:In virtue ethics, a 1779:the Age of Discovery 1769:Sex and gender roles 1759:Role in civilization 1752:in the United States 1395:Liturgy of the Hours 929:Invincible ignorance 799:Crucifixion of Jesus 607:College of Cardinals 575:Apostolic succession 419:St. Peter's Basilica 228:Socratic questioning 12957:Analytic philosophy 12000:Theological virtues 11903:Positive psychology 11756:Letters to Lucilius 11538:Antipater of Tarsus 11533:Diogenes of Babylon 10438:Nimbarka Sampradaya 10349:Korean Confucianism 10096:Academic Skepticism 9289:Evolutionary ethics 9250:Reasons and Persons 9226:A Theory of Justice 8380:Uncertain sentience 7847:theological virtues 7367:Strato of Lampsacus 6999:Posterior Analytics 6751:Ideas and interests 4736:Virtue epistemology 4561:Virtue and politics 3925:with normal honors 3723:virtue epistemology 3681:positive psychology 3666:Rosalind Hursthouse 3632:capability approach 3586:teleological ethics 3538:Aristotelian ethics 3525:In the 1976 paper " 3521:". Following this: 3497:philosophers (e.g. 3463:Niccolò Machiavelli 2350:Liberation Theology 2251:Catholic philosophy 2078:Rosalind Hursthouse 1792:Links and resources 852:Perpetual virginity 823:Blessed Virgin Mary 710:Divinum illud munus 612:Ecumenical councils 555:Ecumenical councils 297:Cultural depictions 282:Academic skepticism 12432:Self-transcendence 12024:Individual virtues 11968:Nine Noble Virtues 11897:Nicomachean Ethics 11749:Paradoxa Stoicorum 11059:Post-structuralism 10961:Scientific realism 10916:Quinean naturalism 10896:Logical positivism 10852:Analytical Marxism 10071:Peripatetic school 9983:Chinese naturalism 9510:Aesthetic response 9437:Applied philosophy 9284:Ethics in religion 9279:Descriptive ethics 9114:Nicomachean Ethics 7838: 7818:Augustine of Hippo 7411:Islamic Golden Age 7334:Peripatetic school 7120:Nicomachean Ethics 6815:Future contingents 6425:10.1093/jmp/jhp021 6358:10.1007/BF03351419 5715:Oneself as Another 5191:Aristotle's Ethics 5115:. pp. 48–49. 5093:Nicomachean Ethics 4237:Nicomachean Ethics 4122:Alasdair MacIntyre 3999:in social conduct 3908:with great honors 3840:Pleasure and pain 3810:MEAN: MORAL VIRTUE 3790:Nicomachean Ethics 3696:Nicomachean Ethics 3690:opens his book on 3652:Lawrence C. Becker 3597:Oneself as Another 3562:Alasdair MacIntyre 3515:Elizabeth Anscombe 3439:Nicomachean Ethics 3435:Nicomachean Ethics 3408:moral theology by 3378:Nicomachean Ethics 2629:Gregory (of Nyssa) 2357:Christian Humanism 2171:Nicomachean Ethics 2045:Virtue and emotion 1335:Christian humanism 1232:Epistula Encyclica 992:College of Bishops 700:Consubstantialitas 523:Early Christianity 185:Eponymous concepts 12977:Philosophy of law 12939: 12938: 12935: 12934: 12086:Conscientiousness 11953:Epistemic virtues 11838: 11837: 11728: 11727: 11468: 11467: 11430: 11429: 11426: 11425: 11422: 11421: 11128: 11127: 11124: 11123: 11120: 11119: 10847:Analytic feminism 10819: 10818: 10781:Kierkegaardianism 10743:Transcendentalism 10703:Neo-scholasticism 10549:Classical Realism 10526: 10525: 10298: 10297: 10113:Neopythagoreanism 9870: 9869: 9866: 9865: 9487:Social philosophy 9372: 9371: 9339:Social philosophy 9324:Population ethics 9314:Philosophy of law 9294:History of ethics 8777:Political freedom 8454:Euthyphro dilemma 8245:Suffering-focused 8165: 8164: 8117:Great Commandment 8076:Evagrius Ponticus 7909:Seven deadly sins 7694: 7693: 7646:Metabasis paradox 7607: 7606: 7547: 7546: 7534:Pietro Pomponazzi 7476: 7475: 7456: 7455: 7405: 7404: 7357:Eudemus of Rhodes 7347:Clearchus of Soli 7321: 7320: 6989:On Interpretation 6932:Temporal finitism 6820:Genus–differentia 6777:Category of being 6649:"Moral Character" 6327:978-1-59311-889-1 6302:978-0-226-55664-2 6041:978-1-265-23718-9 5858:978-0-553-38371-3 5628:Virtues and Vices 5452:978-0-19-980902-8 4748:Virtue signalling 4596:Deirdre McCloskey 4532: 4531: 4524: 4262:all else constant 4144:Benjamin Franklin 4044: 4043: 4002:Cantankerousness 3725:was developed by 3556:Virtues and Vices 3471:English Civil War 3365:, fortitude, and 3321: 3320: 3254: 3253: 3139:Garrigou-Lagrange 2448:Divine Attributes 2225:History of virtue 1914: 1913: 1755: 1345:Neo-scholasticism 1121: 1120: 1099:Seven deadly sins 1022:Perfect community 904:Baptism of desire 804:Harrowing of Hell 382: 381: 193:Socratic dialogue 177:Trial of Socrates 121: 120: 113: 95: 13009: 12987:Normative ethics 12967:Ethical theories 12928: 12912: 12864: 12841: 12832: 12823: 12699: 12602: 12593: 12570: 12536: 12513: 12498: 12497: 12427:Self-cultivation 11980:Prussian virtues 11943:Cardinal virtues 11865: 11858: 11851: 11842: 11841: 11825:Stoic Opposition 11813:Related articles 11776:(Musonius Rufus) 11593: 11592: 11495: 11488: 11481: 11472: 11471: 11457: 11456: 11445: 11444: 11443: 11160: 11159: 11151: 11150: 11134: 11133: 11024:Frankfurt School 10971:Transactionalism 10921:Normative ethics 10901:Legal positivism 10877:Falsificationism 10862:Consequentialism 10857:Communitarianism 10830: 10829: 10698:New Confucianism 10537: 10536: 10344:Neo-Confucianism 10309: 10308: 10118:Second Sophistic 10103:Middle Platonism 9946: 9945: 9887: 9886: 9876: 9875: 9719:Epiphenomenalism 9586:Consequentialism 9520:Institutionalism 9425: 9424: 9414: 9413: 9399: 9392: 9385: 9376: 9375: 9362: 9361: 9309:Moral psychology 9254: 9246: 9238: 9234:Practical Ethics 9230: 9222: 9218:Principia Ethica 9214: 9206: 9198: 9190: 9182: 9174: 9166: 9158: 9150: 9142: 9134: 9126: 9122:Ethics (Spinoza) 9118: 8757:Moral imperative 8215:Consequentialism 8192: 8185: 8178: 8169: 8168: 8112:Ten Commandments 8105:Related concepts 7893:1 Corinthians 13 7888:Paul the Apostle 7742:cardinal virtues 7732:Christian ethics 7721: 7714: 7707: 7698: 7697: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7672: 7671: 7549: 7548: 7529:Jacopo Zabarella 7478: 7477: 7458: 7457: 7407: 7406: 7387:Diodorus of Tyre 7330: 7329: 6972: 6971: 6902:Substance theory 6863:Moderate realism 6857:Minima naturalia 6758:Active intellect 6711: 6704: 6697: 6688: 6687: 6662: 6653:Zalta, Edward N. 6647:Homiak, Marcia. 6643: 6634:Zalta, Edward N. 6621: 6600: 6591: 6582: 6573: 6564: 6555: 6546: 6520: 6499: 6498: 6481: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6471: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6408: 6402: 6398: 6377: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6149: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6122: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6069: 6060: 6059: 6053: 6045: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6013:Kaufmann, Walter 6009: 6003: 6002: 5990: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5953: 5947: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5901: 5895: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5820: 5817:On Virtue Ethics 5810: 5804: 5803: 5791: 5781: 5775: 5774: 5762: 5752: 5746: 5745: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5718: 5708: 5702: 5698: 5686: 5675: 5663: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5631: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5561: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5507:Academia Letters 5498: 5492: 5488: 5479: 5475:Summa Theologica 5466: 5460: 5456: 5434: 5428: 5418: 5404: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5297: 5295: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5258: 5249: 5248: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5169:(320): 552–571. 5158: 5152: 5151: 5133: 5127: 5126: 5104: 5098: 5097: 5080: 5025: 5024: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4902: 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1951:consequentialism 1933: 1932: 1906: 1899: 1892: 1878: 1877: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1847: 1846: 1837: 1836: 1827: 1826: 1817: 1816: 1749: 1667:Relations with: 1638:Anti-Catholicism 1252:Cardinal Virtues 1212:Athanasian Creed 1089:Hypostatic union 997:Deposit of faith 909:Baptism of blood 794:Passion of Jesus 660: 659: 627:Eastern Churches 617:Episcopal polity 445: 416: 391: 384: 383: 374: 367: 360: 346: 345: 223:Socratic problem 218:Socratic paradox 198:Socratic fallacy 146: 123: 122: 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 53: 29: 21: 13017: 13016: 13012: 13011: 13010: 13008: 13007: 13006: 12962:Aristotelianism 12942: 12941: 12940: 12931: 12874: 12792: 12619: 12546: 12496: 12019: 12005:Three Treasures 11922:Virtue families 11917: 11891:Moral character 11874: 11869: 11839: 11834: 11808: 11763:Seneca's Essays 11724: 11664: 11632: 11582: 11573:Marcus Aurelius 11504: 11499: 11469: 11464: 11441: 11439: 11418: 11382: 11282: 11244: 11191: 11145: 11144: 11116: 11105:Russian cosmism 11078: 11074:Western Marxism 11039:New Historicism 11004:Critical theory 10990: 10986:Wittgensteinian 10882:Foundationalism 10815: 10752: 10733:Social contract 10589:Foundationalism 10522: 10504: 10488:Illuminationism 10473:Aristotelianism 10459: 10448:Vishishtadvaita 10401: 10353: 10294: 10261: 10132: 10061:Megarian school 10056:Eretrian school 9997: 9958:Agriculturalism 9935: 9881: 9862: 9809: 9781: 9738: 9690: 9647: 9631:Incompatibilism 9600: 9572: 9524: 9496: 9419: 9408: 9403: 9373: 9368: 9350: 9257: 9252: 9244: 9236: 9228: 9220: 9212: 9204: 9196: 9188: 9180: 9172: 9164: 9156: 9148: 9140: 9132: 9124: 9116: 9102: 8875: 8868: 8792:Self-discipline 8752:Moral hierarchy 8700:Problem of evil 8645:Double standard 8635:Culture of life 8593: 8522: 8469:Non-cognitivism 8384: 8259: 8201: 8196: 8166: 8161: 8148: 8100: 8091:Dante Alighieri 7907: 7905: 7899: 7845: 7839: 7827: 7740: 7734: 7725: 7695: 7690: 7680: 7678: 7660: 7603: 7543: 7539:Cesar Cremonini 7495:Albertus Magnus 7472: 7452: 7401: 7317: 7273:Physiognomonics 7268:On Things Heard 7263:On the Universe 7224: 7208: 7166:Parva Naturalia 7160: 7139: 7125:Eudemian Ethics 7105: 7089: 7051: 7013: 6994:Prior Analytics 6961: 6885:Rational animal 6746: 6720: 6718:Aristotelianism 6715: 6673:by Larry Solum. 6630:"Virtue Ethics" 6612:"Virtue Ethics" 6610: 6607: 6535:10.2307/1399830 6508: 6506:Further reading 6503: 6502: 6495: 6483: 6482: 6478: 6469: 6467: 6452: 6448: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6339: 6335: 6328: 6314: 6310: 6303: 6289: 6285: 6270: 6256: 6252: 6241: 6227: 6223: 6200: 6196: 6189: 6175: 6171: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6113: 6109: 6070: 6063: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6028: 6024: 6010: 6006: 5999: 5981: 5977: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5937: 5935: 5917: 5915: 5913:www.iep.utm.edu 5902: 5898: 5889: 5885: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5843:Goleman, Daniel 5840: 5836: 5829: 5811: 5807: 5800: 5782: 5778: 5771: 5753: 5749: 5738: 5734: 5727: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5672: 5651: 5647: 5640: 5622: 5618: 5603:10.2307/2025782 5597:(14): 453–466. 5587: 5583: 5538: 5534: 5519:10.20935/AL1650 5499: 5495: 5491: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5437: 5426: 5362: 5358: 5343: 5329: 5325: 5293: 5291: 5278:"Virtue Ethics" 5274: 5270: 5259: 5252: 5241: 5237: 5214: 5210: 5201: 5199: 5186: 5182: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5105: 5101: 5081: 5028: 5018: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4976: 4972: 4962: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4897: 4895: 4888:"Virtue Ethics" 4878: 4874: 4864: 4850: 4846: 4839: 4825: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4810: 4773: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4730: 4697: 4694:Modern Stoicism 4654: 4616:peace education 4563: 4555:meaning of life 4528: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4496: 4492: 4485: 4449:moral absolutes 4423: 4418: 4410:moral character 4398: 4338: 4273:Martha Nussbaum 4270: 4157:Walter Kaufmann 4152: 3993:Obsequiousness 3990:Social conduct 3923:Proper ambition 3757: 3741: 3727:Linda Zagzebski 3677:Martin Seligman 3660:A New Stoicism. 3624:Martha Nussbaum 3517:'s 1958 essay " 3491: 3317: 3288: 3278: 3276: 3264: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3083: 3075: 3074: 3073: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2883: 2703: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2573: 2564: 2554: 2553: 2461: 2453: 2452: 2382: 2372: 2371: 2345:Social teaching 2300: 2290: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2227: 2108: 2047: 1986: 1984:Moral character 1978:Main articles: 1976: 1974:Virtue and vice 1971: 1910: 1872: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1793: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1701: 1700:Societal issues 1693: 1692: 1691: 1627: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1603: 1572: 1562: 1561: 1535: 1509:Post-Vatican II 1499: 1488: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1452: 1406: 1400:Liturgical year 1359: 1351: 1350: 1349: 1302: 1282:Social teaching 1267:Catholic ethics 1246: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1202:Apostles' Creed 1174:Sixtine Vulgate 1133: 1123: 1122: 1104:Beatific vision 1038:Other teachings 959:Moral influence 785:Paschal mystery 657: 656: 638: 637: 636: 591: 581: 580: 579: 570:One true church 495: 487: 437: 422: 406:Catholic Church 378: 287:Aristotelianism 213:Socratic method 117: 106: 100: 97: 60:"Virtue ethics" 54: 52: 46: 42:primary sources 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13015: 13005: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12937: 12936: 12933: 12932: 12930: 12929: 12920: 12913: 12904: 12897: 12890: 12882: 12880: 12876: 12875: 12873: 12872: 12865: 12856: 12849: 12842: 12833: 12824: 12815: 12808: 12800: 12798: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12790: 12783: 12776: 12763: 12756: 12749: 12742: 12735: 12728: 12721: 12714: 12707: 12700: 12691: 12684: 12677: 12670: 12663: 12656: 12649: 12642: 12635: 12627: 12625: 12621: 12620: 12618: 12617: 12610: 12603: 12594: 12585: 12578: 12571: 12562: 12554: 12552: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12544: 12537: 12528: 12521: 12514: 12504: 12502: 12495: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12363: 12362: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12271: 12270: 12265: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12104: 12103: 12098: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12031:Accountability 12027: 12025: 12021: 12020: 12018: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11933: 11925: 11923: 11919: 11918: 11916: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11893: 11888: 11882: 11880: 11876: 11875: 11868: 11867: 11860: 11853: 11845: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11816: 11814: 11810: 11809: 11807: 11806: 11799: 11792: 11785: 11778: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11752: 11745: 11736: 11734: 11730: 11729: 11726: 11725: 11723: 11722: 11715: 11708: 11701: 11694: 11687: 11680: 11672: 11670: 11666: 11665: 11663: 11662: 11655: 11650: 11642: 11640: 11634: 11633: 11631: 11630: 11623: 11616: 11609: 11601: 11599: 11590: 11584: 11583: 11581: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11563:Musonius Rufus 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11518:Zeno of Citium 11514: 11512: 11506: 11505: 11498: 11497: 11490: 11483: 11475: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11462: 11450: 11435: 11432: 11431: 11428: 11427: 11424: 11423: 11420: 11419: 11417: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11390: 11388: 11384: 11383: 11381: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11314: 11313: 11303: 11298: 11292: 11290: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11254: 11252: 11250:Middle Eastern 11246: 11245: 11243: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11201: 11199: 11193: 11192: 11190: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11168: 11166: 11157: 11147: 11146: 11143: 11142: 11138: 11130: 11129: 11126: 11125: 11122: 11121: 11118: 11117: 11115: 11114: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11086: 11084: 11080: 11079: 11077: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11014:Existentialism 11011: 11009:Deconstruction 11006: 11000: 10998: 10992: 10991: 10989: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10842:Applied ethics 10838: 10836: 10827: 10821: 10820: 10817: 10816: 10814: 10813: 10808: 10806:Nietzscheanism 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10777: 10776: 10766: 10760: 10758: 10754: 10753: 10751: 10750: 10748:Utilitarianism 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10649: 10648: 10646:Transcendental 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10613: 10612: 10611: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10584:Existentialism 10581: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10540: 10534: 10528: 10527: 10524: 10523: 10521: 10520: 10514: 10512: 10506: 10505: 10503: 10502: 10497: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10469: 10467: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10457: 10452: 10451: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10409: 10407: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10372:Augustinianism 10369: 10363: 10361: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10315: 10313: 10306: 10300: 10299: 10296: 10295: 10293: 10292: 10287: 10285:Zoroastrianism 10282: 10277: 10271: 10269: 10263: 10262: 10260: 10259: 10258: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10207: 10206: 10205: 10200: 10190: 10189: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10142: 10140: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10130: 10128:Church Fathers 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10099: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10042: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10010: 10008: 9999: 9998: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9954: 9952: 9943: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9933: 9932: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9901: 9895: 9893: 9883: 9882: 9872: 9871: 9868: 9867: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9819: 9817: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9791: 9789: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9748: 9746: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9700: 9698: 9692: 9691: 9689: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9657: 9655: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9645: 9643:Libertarianism 9640: 9639: 9638: 9628: 9627: 9626: 9616: 9610: 9608: 9602: 9601: 9599: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9582: 9580: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9534: 9532: 9526: 9525: 9523: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9506: 9504: 9498: 9497: 9495: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9447:Metaphilosophy 9444: 9439: 9433: 9431: 9421: 9420: 9410: 9409: 9402: 9401: 9394: 9387: 9379: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9366: 9355: 9352: 9351: 9349: 9348: 9341: 9336: 9334:Secular ethics 9331: 9329:Rehabilitation 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9265: 9263: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9255: 9247: 9239: 9231: 9223: 9215: 9207: 9199: 9194:Utilitarianism 9191: 9183: 9175: 9167: 9159: 9151: 9143: 9135: 9127: 9119: 9110: 9108: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8879: 8877: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8601: 8599: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8554:Existentialist 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8519: 8518: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8492: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8449:Constructivism 8446: 8445: 8444: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8427: 8426: 8425: 8423:Non-naturalism 8420: 8405: 8400: 8394: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8316: 8315: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8269: 8267: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8250:Utilitarianism 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8211: 8209: 8203: 8202: 8195: 8194: 8187: 8180: 8172: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8159: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8135: 8134: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8108: 8106: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8098: 8096:Peter Binsfeld 8093: 8088: 8086:Pope Gregory I 8083: 8078: 8071: 8070: 8057: 8056: 8046: 8036: 8026: 8016: 8006: 7996: 7985: 7984: 7974: 7964: 7954: 7944: 7934: 7924: 7913: 7911: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7897: 7896: 7895: 7883: 7882: 7872: 7862: 7851: 7849: 7841: 7840: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7823:Thomas Aquinas 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7804: 7803: 7788: 7787: 7777: 7767: 7757: 7746: 7744: 7736: 7735: 7724: 7723: 7716: 7709: 7701: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7688: 7676: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7651:Views on women 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7632: 7631: 7621: 7615: 7613: 7612:Related topics 7609: 7608: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7555: 7553: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7524:Peter of Spain 7521: 7520: 7519: 7509: 7508: 7507: 7500:Thomas Aquinas 7497: 7492: 7486: 7484: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7470: 7464: 7462: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7448: 7438: 7437: 7436: 7426: 7421: 7415: 7413: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7377:Aristo of Ceos 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7338: 7336: 7327: 7323: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7234: 7232: 7230:Pseudepigrapha 7226: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7170: 7168: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7147: 7145: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7116: 7114: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7103: 7097: 7095: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7061: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7032:On the Heavens 7029: 7023: 7021: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6980: 6978: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6922: 6917: 6899: 6894: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6841: 6834: 6829: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6800: 6791: 6786: 6779: 6774: 6767: 6764:Antiperistasis 6760: 6754: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6728: 6726: 6722: 6721: 6714: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6691: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6668: 6663: 6644: 6622: 6606: 6605:External links 6603: 6602: 6601: 6592: 6583: 6574: 6565: 6556: 6547: 6507: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6494:978-0190498511 6493: 6476: 6446: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6389:(3): 567–584. 6378: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6308: 6301: 6283: 6268: 6250: 6239: 6221: 6210:(3): 227–236. 6194: 6187: 6169: 6136: 6129: 6107: 6080:(3): 163–201. 6061: 6040: 6022: 6004: 5997: 5975: 5964:(3): 331–350. 5948: 5945: 5944: 5924: 5909:"Stoic Ethics" 5903: 5896: 5883: 5864: 5857: 5834: 5827: 5805: 5799:978-0691009643 5798: 5788:A New Stoicism 5776: 5769: 5747: 5732: 5725: 5703: 5700: 5699: 5693: 5676: 5670: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5616: 5581: 5532: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5480: 5468: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5451: 5435: 5419: 5379:(5): 297–302. 5363: 5356: 5341: 5323: 5268: 5250: 5235: 5224:(3): 331–350. 5208: 5180: 5153: 5146: 5128: 5121: 5099: 5026: 5016: 4998: 4988: 4970: 4960: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4903: 4879: 4872: 4862: 4844: 4837: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4745: 4739: 4733: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4691: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4659:Applied ethics 4655: 4653: 4650: 4645:Shannon Vallor 4637: 4636: 4624: 4623: 4604: 4603: 4592: 4591: 4577:Roman Republic 4562: 4559: 4530: 4529: 4499: 4497: 4490: 4475:Utilitarianism 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4397: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4337: 4334: 4304:Jeremy Bentham 4294:Henry Sidgwick 4269: 4266: 4151: 4148: 4140:Thomas Aquinas 4118: 4117: 4109: 4099: 4091: 4079: 4078: 4070: 4060: 4049: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4038: 4030: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4021:Shamelessness 4019: 4011: 4008: 4004: 4003: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3975: 3972: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3929: 3926: 3920: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3911:Pusillanimity 3909: 3901: 3898: 3894: 3893: 3890: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3871: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3854:Insensibility 3852: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3781: 3780: 3772: 3771: 3756: 3753: 3711: 3710: 3702:Michael Sandel 3699: 3688:Daniel Goleman 3684: 3673: 3663: 3656:Greek Stoicism 3649: 3639: 3621: 3607: 3600: 3579: 3559: 3549: 3534:Mortimer Adler 3530: 3503:utilitarianism 3493:Although some 3490: 3487: 3418:Thomas Aquinas 3319: 3318: 3316: 3315: 3308: 3301: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3274: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2534: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2496: 2495: 2493:Friends of God 2485: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2466:Augustinianism 2462: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2431:Predestination 2428: 2423: 2418: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2378: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2367:Works of mercy 2364: 2359: 2354: 2353: 2352: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2301: 2296: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2278: 2254: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2238: 2237: 2226: 2223: 2107: 2094: 2046: 2043: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1921:aretaic ethics 1912: 1911: 1909: 1908: 1901: 1894: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1863: 1851: 1841: 1831: 1821: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1579: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1536: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1500: 1498: 1497: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1472:Biblical canon 1469: 1464: 1459: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1380:Divine Liturgy 1377: 1372: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1310: 1308:Augustinianism 1300: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1181: 1176: 1163: 1162: 1161:Official Bible 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1142: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1094:Predestination 1091: 1086: 1081: 1079:Amillennialism 1076: 1071: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1054: 1049: 1041: 1040: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 986: 985: 979: 978: 977: 976: 971: 966: 964:Sanctification 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 939:Means of grace 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 898: 897: 891: 890: 889: 888: 883: 878: 877: 876: 866: 865: 864: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 826: 825: 819: 818: 817: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 788: 787: 781: 780: 779: 778: 773: 768: 763: 755: 754: 748: 747: 746: 745: 738: 731: 721: 720: 714: 713: 712: 707: 702: 697: 696: 695: 690: 685: 673: 672: 671: 670: 658: 655: 654: 651: 645: 644: 643: 640: 639: 635: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 593: 592: 587: 586: 583: 582: 578: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 541: 540: 535: 530: 520: 519: 518: 513: 508: 497: 496: 493: 492: 489: 488: 486: 485: 480: 474: 473: 468: 463: 452: 451: 446: 434: 431: 430: 424: 423: 421:, Vatican City 417: 409: 408: 402: 401: 393: 392: 380: 379: 377: 376: 369: 362: 354: 351: 350: 339: 338: 337: 336: 331: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 276: 275: 274:Related topics 271: 270: 269: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 240: 239: 233: 232: 231: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 208:Socratic irony 205: 200: 195: 187: 186: 182: 181: 180: 179: 174: 168: 167: 159: 158: 148: 147: 139: 138: 132: 131: 119: 118: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13014: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12952:Virtue ethics 12950: 12949: 12947: 12927: 12926: 12921: 12919: 12918: 12914: 12911: 12910: 12905: 12903: 12902: 12898: 12896: 12895: 12891: 12889: 12888: 12884: 12883: 12881: 12877: 12871: 12870: 12866: 12863: 12862: 12857: 12855: 12854: 12850: 12848: 12847: 12843: 12840: 12839: 12834: 12831: 12830: 12825: 12822: 12821: 12816: 12814: 12813: 12809: 12807: 12806: 12802: 12801: 12799: 12795: 12789: 12788: 12784: 12782: 12781: 12777: 12775: 12774: 12769: 12768: 12764: 12762: 12761: 12757: 12755: 12754: 12750: 12748: 12747: 12743: 12741: 12740: 12736: 12734: 12733: 12729: 12727: 12726: 12722: 12720: 12719: 12715: 12713: 12712: 12708: 12706: 12705: 12701: 12698: 12697: 12692: 12690: 12689: 12685: 12683: 12682: 12678: 12676: 12675: 12671: 12669: 12668: 12664: 12662: 12661: 12657: 12655: 12654: 12650: 12648: 12647: 12643: 12641: 12640: 12636: 12634: 12633: 12629: 12628: 12626: 12622: 12616: 12615: 12611: 12609: 12608: 12604: 12601: 12600: 12595: 12592: 12591: 12586: 12584: 12583: 12579: 12577: 12576: 12572: 12569: 12568: 12563: 12561: 12560: 12556: 12555: 12553: 12549: 12543: 12542: 12538: 12535: 12534: 12529: 12527: 12526: 12522: 12520: 12519: 12515: 12512: 12511: 12506: 12505: 12503: 12499: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12452:Sportsmanship 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12417:Righteousness 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12361: 12358: 12357: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12330:Nonattachment 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12260: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12093: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12028: 12026: 12022: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11990:Seven virtues 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11975: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11938: 11937:Brahmavihārās 11934: 11932: 11931: 11927: 11926: 11924: 11920: 11914: 11913:Virtue ethics 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11898: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11883: 11881: 11879:About virtues 11877: 11873: 11866: 11861: 11859: 11854: 11852: 11847: 11846: 11843: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11817: 11815: 11811: 11805: 11804: 11800: 11798: 11797: 11793: 11791: 11790: 11786: 11784: 11783: 11779: 11777: 11775: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11757: 11753: 11751: 11750: 11746: 11744: 11742: 11738: 11737: 11735: 11731: 11721: 11720: 11716: 11714: 11713: 11709: 11707: 11706: 11702: 11700: 11699: 11695: 11693: 11692: 11688: 11686: 11685: 11681: 11679: 11678: 11674: 11673: 11671: 11667: 11661: 11660: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11648: 11644: 11643: 11641: 11639: 11635: 11629: 11628: 11624: 11622: 11621: 11617: 11615: 11614: 11610: 11608: 11607: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11598: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11585: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11515: 11513: 11511: 11507: 11503: 11496: 11491: 11489: 11484: 11482: 11477: 11476: 11473: 11461: 11460: 11451: 11449: 11448: 11437: 11436: 11433: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11387:Miscellaneous 11385: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11312: 11309: 11308: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11289: 11285: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11255: 11253: 11251: 11247: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11202: 11200: 11198: 11194: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11169: 11167: 11165: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11152: 11148: 11140: 11139: 11135: 11131: 11113: 11112: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11083:Miscellaneous 11081: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11069:Structuralism 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11054:Postmodernism 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11044:Phenomenology 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11001: 10999: 10997: 10993: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10981:Vienna Circle 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10911:Moral realism 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10822: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10775: 10772: 10771: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10761: 10759: 10755: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10713:Phenomenology 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10653:Individualism 10651: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10617: 10614: 10610: 10607: 10606: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10541: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10529: 10519: 10518:Judeo-Islamic 10516: 10515: 10513: 10511: 10507: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10495: 10494:ʿIlm al-Kalām 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10466: 10462: 10456: 10453: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10443:Shuddhadvaita 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10415: 10414: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10404: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10377:Scholasticism 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10356: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10301: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10264: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10211: 10208: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10191: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10148: 10147: 10144: 10143: 10141: 10139: 10135: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10078: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10000: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9938: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9906: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9888: 9884: 9877: 9873: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9828:Conceptualism 9826: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9812: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9792: 9790: 9788: 9784: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9757:Particularism 9755: 9753: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9741: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9724:Functionalism 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9709:Eliminativism 9707: 9705: 9702: 9701: 9699: 9697: 9693: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9658: 9656: 9654: 9650: 9644: 9641: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9629: 9625: 9622: 9621: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9614:Compatibilism 9612: 9611: 9609: 9607: 9603: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9579: 9575: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9553:Particularism 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9499: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9400: 9395: 9393: 9388: 9386: 9381: 9380: 9377: 9365: 9357: 9356: 9353: 9347: 9346: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9260: 9251: 9248: 9243: 9240: 9235: 9232: 9227: 9224: 9219: 9216: 9211: 9208: 9203: 9200: 9195: 9192: 9187: 9184: 9179: 9176: 9171: 9168: 9163: 9160: 9155: 9152: 9147: 9144: 9139: 9136: 9131: 9128: 9123: 9120: 9115: 9112: 9111: 9109: 9105: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8880: 8878: 8876: 8871: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8747:Moral courage 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8686: 8685:Good and evil 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8670:Family values 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8596: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8525: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8484:Quasi-realism 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8432: 8431: 8428: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8415: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8387: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8314: 8311: 8310: 8309: 8308:Environmental 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8262: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8230:Particularism 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8193: 8188: 8186: 8181: 8179: 8174: 8173: 8170: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8151: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8133: 8130: 8129: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8073: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8059: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8047: 8044: 8040: 8037: 8034: 8030: 8027: 8024: 8020: 8017: 8014: 8010: 8007: 8004: 8000: 7997: 7994: 7990: 7987: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7975: 7972: 7968: 7965: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7952: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7938: 7935: 7932: 7928: 7925: 7922: 7918: 7915: 7914: 7912: 7910: 7902: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7885: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7860: 7856: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7842: 7834: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7801: 7800: 7796: 7795: 7794: 7790: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7775: 7771: 7768: 7765: 7761: 7758: 7755: 7751: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7737: 7733: 7729: 7728:Seven virtues 7722: 7717: 7715: 7710: 7708: 7703: 7702: 7699: 7687: 7677: 7675: 7667: 7666: 7663: 7657: 7656:Wheel paradox 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7610: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7564:Trendelenburg 7562: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7550: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7510: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7490:Peter Lombard 7488: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7482:Scholasticism 7479: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7459: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7442: 7439: 7435: 7432: 7431: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7372:Lyco of Troas 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7324: 7314: 7313:Magna Moralia 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7211: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7142: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7108: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7054: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6964: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6952:Virtue ethics 6950: 6948: 6947:Unmoved mover 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6908: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6839: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6768: 6766: 6765: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6712: 6707: 6705: 6700: 6698: 6693: 6692: 6689: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6660: 6659: 6654: 6650: 6645: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6609: 6608: 6598: 6593: 6589: 6584: 6580: 6575: 6571: 6570:Virtue Ethics 6566: 6562: 6557: 6553: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6529:(2): 323–47. 6528: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6510: 6509: 6496: 6490: 6486: 6480: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6450: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6329: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6304: 6298: 6294: 6287: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6269:0-691-11472-2 6265: 6261: 6254: 6247: 6242: 6236: 6232: 6225: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6198: 6190: 6184: 6180: 6173: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6148: 6140: 6132: 6130:0-268-00594-X 6126: 6121: 6120: 6111: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6066: 6057: 6051: 6043: 6037: 6033: 6026: 6018: 6014: 6008: 6000: 5998:0-268-00594-X 5994: 5989: 5988: 5979: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5952: 5934: 5930: 5929:"De Officiis" 5925: 5914: 5910: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5893: 5887: 5880:(3): 227–236. 5879: 5875: 5868: 5860: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5838: 5830: 5828:0-19-924799-4 5824: 5819: 5818: 5809: 5801: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5780: 5772: 5770:0-19-509652-5 5766: 5761: 5760: 5751: 5743: 5742:Virtue Ethics 5736: 5728: 5726:0-226-71329-6 5722: 5717: 5716: 5707: 5696: 5694:0-268-01877-4 5690: 5685: 5684: 5677: 5673: 5671:0-268-00594-X 5667: 5662: 5661: 5654: 5653: 5649: 5641: 5635: 5630: 5629: 5620: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5585: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5552:(124): 1–19. 5551: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5497: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5465: 5454: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5425: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5351: 5344: 5338: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5272: 5264: 5257: 5255: 5246: 5239: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5212: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5184: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5157: 5149: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5124: 5122:0-19-507999-X 5118: 5114: 5110: 5103: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4963: 4957: 4953: 4946: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4840: 4838:9780415170734 4834: 4830: 4823: 4819: 4803: 4765: 4761: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4715:Seven virtues 4713: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4634: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4589: 4588: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4541: 4536: 4526: 4523: 4515: 4506: 4505: 4500:This section 4498: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4468: 4464: 4459: 4457: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4427:deontological 4413: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4333: 4331: 4330:John McDowell 4327: 4326:Philippa Foot 4323: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4277:Enlightenment 4274: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4247: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4205: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4180: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4160: 4158: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4136:New Testament 4133: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4082: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4036: 4035: 4024: 4017: 4016: 4005: 3998: 3988: 3981: 3980: 3971:Conversation 3969: 3962: 3961: 3955:Boastfulness 3950: 3944: 3942: 3936:Irascibility 3931: 3924: 3914: 3907: 3906: 3895: 3888: 3887: 3876: 3869: 3868: 3857: 3850: 3849: 3838: 3831: 3830: 3819: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3779:Moral virtues 3778: 3777: 3776: 3769: 3768: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3752: 3748: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3686:Psychologist 3685: 3682: 3678: 3675:Psychologist 3674: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3618:Virtue Ethics 3615: 3614:Michael Slote 3611: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3594: 3593:phenomenology 3591: 3590:hermeneutical 3587: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3552:Philippa Foot 3550: 3546: 3545: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3495:Enlightenment 3486: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3441:before 1682. 3440: 3436: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3314: 3309: 3307: 3302: 3300: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3291: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3079: 3078: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2944:Chateaubriand 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2889: 2888: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2809:Gundissalinus 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2699: 2698: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2576: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2516: 2515:Scholasticism 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2505:Ressourcement 2503: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2441:Compatibilism 2439: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2387:Conceptualism 2385: 2384: 2381: 2376: 2375: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2362:Virtue ethics 2360: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2299: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2230: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2193: 2191: 2186: 2185: 2178: 2173: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2156: 2151: 2148:According to 2146: 2143: 2131: 2130: 2124: 2115: 2114: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2076:According to 2074: 2072: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2056: 2052: 2051:ancient Greek 2042: 2040: 2034: 2033:in activity. 2031: 2025: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1985: 1981: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1917:Virtue ethics 1907: 1902: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1862: 1852: 1850: 1842: 1840: 1832: 1830: 1822: 1820: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1789: 1788: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1727:Homosexuality 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1697: 1696: 1688: 1687:Protestantism 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1626:Miscellaneous 1623: 1622: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1495: 1494:Latin liturgy 1492: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1481: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1355: 1354: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1313:Scholasticism 1311: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1298: 1297:Virtue ethics 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1242: 1241: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1153:New Testament 1151: 1149: 1148:Old Testament 1146: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1126: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1017:People of God 1015: 1013: 1012:Papal primacy 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 989: 988: 987: 984: 981: 980: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 934:Justification 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 901: 900: 899: 896: 893: 892: 887: 884: 882: 879: 875: 872: 871: 870: 867: 863: 860: 859: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 829: 828: 827: 824: 821: 820: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 791: 790: 789: 786: 783: 782: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 758: 757: 756: 753: 750: 749: 744: 743: 739: 737: 736: 732: 730: 729: 725: 724: 723: 722: 719: 716: 715: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 680: 679: 676: 675: 674: 669: 668: 667: 666: 662: 661: 652: 650: 647: 646: 642: 641: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 594: 590: 585: 584: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 525: 524: 521: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 503: 502: 499: 498: 491: 490: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 472: 469: 467: 464: 461: 457: 454: 453: 450: 447: 444: 440: 436: 435: 433: 432: 429: 426: 425: 420: 415: 411: 410: 407: 404: 403: 399: 395: 394: 390: 386: 385: 375: 370: 368: 363: 361: 356: 355: 353: 352: 349: 341: 340: 335: 334:Virtue ethics 332: 330: 329: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 278: 277: 273: 272: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 243: 242: 241: 238: 235: 234: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 190: 189: 188: 184: 183: 178: 175: 173: 170: 169: 165: 161: 160: 156: 152: 151: 150: 149: 145: 141: 140: 137: 134: 133: 129: 125: 124: 115: 112: 104: 93: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: 65: 62: – 61: 57: 56:Find sources: 50: 44: 43: 39: 34:This article 32: 28: 23: 22: 19: 12915: 12899: 12892: 12885: 12867: 12851: 12844: 12810: 12803: 12785: 12778: 12771: 12765: 12758: 12751: 12744: 12737: 12730: 12723: 12716: 12709: 12702: 12686: 12679: 12674:Brahmacharya 12672: 12665: 12658: 12651: 12644: 12637: 12630: 12612: 12605: 12580: 12573: 12557: 12539: 12523: 12516: 12472:Tranquillity 12422:Self-control 12392:Renunciation 12350:Philanthropy 12345:Perspicacity 12305:Magnificence 12258:Intelligence 12238:Impartiality 12158:Faithfulness 12046:Authenticity 11972: 11958:Five virtues 11935: 11928: 11912: 11908:Trait theory 11895: 11820:Stoa Poikile 11801: 11795: 11787: 11780: 11773: 11755: 11747: 11743:(Chrysippus) 11740: 11717: 11710: 11703: 11696: 11689: 11682: 11675: 11657: 11645: 11625: 11618: 11611: 11604: 11510:Philosophers 11452: 11438: 11109: 11100:Postcritique 11090:Kyoto School 11049:Posthumanism 11029:Hermeneutics 10884: / 10825:Contemporary 10801:Newtonianism 10764:Cartesianism 10723:Reductionism 10559:Conservatism 10554:Collectivism 10492: 10220:Sarvāstivadā 10198:Anekantavada 10123:Neoplatonism 10091:Epicureanism 10024:Pythagoreans 9963:Confucianism 9929:Contemporary 9919:Early modern 9823:Anti-realism 9777:Universalism 9734:Subjectivism 9595: 9530:Epistemology 9343: 9299:Human rights 9242:After Virtue 8968:Schopenhauer 8742:Moral agency 8615:Common sense 8511:Universalism 8479:Expressivism 8459:Intuitionism 8430:Subjectivism 8375:Terraforming 8350:Professional 8254: 8144:Hamartiology 8139:Old Covenant 8132:Original sin 8081:John Cassian 8067:Psychomachia 8065: 8052: 8042: 8032: 8022: 8012: 8002: 7992: 7980: 7970: 7960: 7950: 7940: 7930: 7920: 7878: 7868: 7858: 7797: 7783: 7773: 7763: 7753: 7636:Neoplatonism 7362:Theophrastus 7220:Protrepticus 7113:and politics 6951: 6924: 6911: 6907:hypokeimenon 6905: 6889: 6872: 6855: 6848: 6836: 6832:Hylomorphism 6824: 6802: 6781: 6769: 6762: 6656: 6637: 6615: 6596: 6587: 6578: 6569: 6560: 6551: 6526: 6522: 6484: 6479: 6468:. 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7027:Physics 7019:Physics 6976:Organon 6904: ( 6850:Mimesis 6794:Essence 6655:(ed.). 6636:(ed.). 6543:1399830 5890:Plato, 5611:2025782 5568:3749051 5513:: 1–8. 5402:1733793 5090:(ed.). 4573:Tacitus 4445:realism 4310:), and 4095:Synesis 4015:Modesty 3900:Vanity 3829:Courage 3672:(1999). 3662:(1998). 3648:(1993). 3588:in his 3420:in his 3410:Ambrose 3398:Tacitus 3386:history 3363:justice 3224:Mounier 3219:McLuhan 3174:Haldane 3114:Blondel 3064:Vitoria 3039:Rosmini 3014:Mercado 3009:Meinong 3004:Mariana 2994:Maistre 2989:Liguori 2969:Gracián 2964:Fénelon 2959:Erasmus 2939:Cajetan 2924:Bossuet 2899:Arnauld 2879:Thierry 2834:Lombard 2824:Isidore 2784:Eckhart 2769:Buridan 2759:Bernard 2739:Aquinas 2709:Abelard 2669:Maximus 2644:Cassian 2614:Cyprian 2609:Clement 2579:Ambrose 2572:Ancient 2537:Thomism 2532:Scotism 2460:Schools 2411:essence 2392:Realism 2280:Aquinas 1923:, from 1804:Outline 1774:Slavery 1764:Science 1677:Judaism 1421:Penance 1416:Baptism 1365:Liturgy 1358:Worship 1323:Scotism 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8049:Pride 8029:Wrath 8019:Sloth 8009:Greed 7859:Fides 7855:Faith 7844:Three 7793:Plato 7624:Plato 7589:Smith 7574:Adler 7070:Parts 6967:Works 6926:Telos 6913:ousia 6838:Lexis 6826:Hexis 6771:Arete 6737:Logic 6651:. 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