871:
924:
851:
839:
818:
91:
87:, mimicking the well known major airlines in adverts and purporting to make connections as seamless as possible, soon abandoned their own local service routes. In most cases, the regional airlines found it more profitable to serve the mainline hubs as a feeder operation rather than operate on their own.
42:
as many possible operational and business functions as it can, but still maintains effective control of its core business. Such an airline focuses on operating a network of air services, and outsourcing non-core activities to other organizations. Contracting out services within the aviation industry
82:
found it increasingly unprofitable to compete against start-up carriers on many routes they currently served. Instead of forfeiting the routes entirely, the larger carriers often made marketing arrangements with smaller airlines to fly under the "banner", or livery, of the larger airline. These
797:
43:
has reportedly become so common that many carriers could be classed as having features of a virtual airline, although it is arguable whether any current carriers meet a strict definition of the term.
801:
798:"Republic Airways to operate large regional jets for American Airlines | Dallas-Fort Worth Airlines News - Business News for Dallas, Texas - The Dallas Morning News"
249:
193:
157:
283:
353:
822:
304:
216:
415:
908:
393:
232:
432:
172:
376:
167:
399:
370:
321:
238:
46:
The term is often used to describe travel companies and ticket agencies that market themselves as airlines, but do not possess an
965:
561:
58:
arrangement. Although operated by others from a regulatory standpoint, the aircraft may display the virtual airline's
749:
716:
689:
662:
901:
75:
989:
477:
199:
535:
47:
1009:
958:
894:
772:
829:
939:
882:
557:
227:
50:
and contract with one or more certificated operators to fly and maintain aircraft, often under an
1014:
999:
984:
20:
1004:
951:
741:
331:
288:
994:
627:
466:
8:
545:
404:
55:
525:
745:
734:
712:
685:
658:
611:
512:
358:
260:
79:
617:
567:
530:
337:
310:
188:
84:
855:
843:
706:
679:
652:
540:
272:
59:
935:
878:
632:
364:
254:
978:
594:
582:
577:
572:
454:
342:
316:
178:
71:
293:
19:
This article is about the business meaning. For computer gaming groups, see
551:
266:
127:
99:
460:
442:
381:
139:
78:. During the hyper-competitive years immediately following deregulation,
51:
756:
British
Airways lean towards becoming the first of the new general of
588:
448:
437:
410:
243:
183:
162:
151:
122:
708:
The
Economic Geography of the Tourist Industry: A Supply-side Analysis
870:
506:
489:
387:
277:
210:
117:
39:
27:
931:
622:
500:
495:
221:
204:
145:
599:
483:
348:
326:
35:
923:
850:
817:
605:
736:
The
Contracting Organization: A Strategic Guide to Outsourcing
298:
95:
90:
472:
654:
Designing and
Executing Strategy in Aviation Management
827:
74:following the drastic changes brought about by the
733:
94:A Dornier 228 with the livery of virtual airline
976:
519:
426:
62:, and may be owned or leased by that company.
959:
902:
16:Airline that has heavily outsourced functions
106:
966:
952:
909:
895:
731:
704:
98:; the aircraft was actually operated by
89:
770:
677:
650:
977:
773:"Ocean carrier MSC adds 2nd cargo jet"
918:
865:
740:. Oxford University Press. pp.
102:, with Manx2 being a ticket broker.
70:Virtual airlines originated in the
13:
657:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 91.
14:
1026:
811:
922:
877:This business term article is a
869:
849:
837:
816:
421:
76:Airline Deregulation Act of 1978
200:BRA Braathens Regional Airlines
790:
771:Kulisch, Eric (20 July 2023).
764:
725:
698:
671:
644:
1:
638:
938:. You can help Knowledge by
881:. You can help Knowledge by
823:Virtual airlines (economics)
520:With regional-type equipment
427:With mainline-type equipment
7:
705:Ioannides, Dimitri (1998).
10:
1031:
917:
864:
711:. Routledge. p. 118.
684:. Routledge. p. 283.
65:
48:air operator's certificate
18:
732:Domberger, Simon (1998).
133:
111:
651:Flouris, Triant (2006).
107:List of virtual airlines
678:Doganis, Rigas (2005).
21:Virtual airline (hobby)
990:International business
934:-related article is a
103:
825:at Wikimedia Commons
558:Chalk's Ocean Airways
250:Global Reach Aviation
93:
681:The Airline Business
628:Ultimate Air Shuttle
1010:Business term stubs
546:Branson Air Express
332:Portugália Airlines
228:Fly Kıbrıs Airlines
526:Air Canada Express
104:
947:
946:
890:
889:
821:Media related to
359:Snowbird Airlines
85:regional airlines
1022:
968:
961:
954:
926:
919:
911:
904:
897:
873:
866:
854:
853:
842:
841:
840:
833:
820:
806:
805:
800:. Archived from
794:
788:
787:
785:
783:
777:FreightWaves.com
768:
762:
761:
758:Virtual Airlines
739:
729:
723:
722:
702:
696:
695:
675:
669:
668:
648:
618:Southern Skyways
568:Delta Connection
531:Aleutian Airways
338:Rhein-Neckar Air
311:Melilla Airlines
189:Andorra Airlines
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1019:
975:
974:
973:
972:
916:
915:
862:
860:
848:
838:
836:
828:
814:
809:
796:
795:
791:
781:
779:
769:
765:
752:
730:
726:
719:
703:
699:
692:
676:
672:
665:
649:
645:
641:
522:
429:
424:
273:Kosova Airlines
136:
114:
109:
68:
32:virtual airline
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1015:Aviation stubs
1012:
1007:
1002:
1000:Civil aviation
997:
992:
987:
985:Business terms
971:
970:
963:
956:
948:
945:
944:
927:
914:
913:
906:
899:
891:
888:
887:
874:
859:
858:
846:
813:
812:External links
810:
808:
807:
804:on 2013-01-25.
789:
763:
750:
724:
717:
697:
690:
670:
663:
642:
640:
637:
636:
635:
633:United Express
630:
625:
620:
615:
609:
603:
597:
592:
586:
580:
575:
570:
565:
555:
549:
543:
538:
536:American Eagle
533:
528:
521:
518:
517:
516:
510:
504:
498:
493:
487:
481:
475:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
435:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
418:
413:
408:
402:
397:
391:
385:
379:
374:
368:
365:Soder Airlines
362:
356:
351:
346:
340:
335:
329:
324:
319:
314:
308:
302:
296:
291:
286:
281:
275:
270:
264:
258:
255:Green Airlines
252:
247:
241:
236:
230:
225:
219:
214:
208:
202:
197:
194:Arctic Airlink
191:
186:
181:
176:
170:
165:
160:
155:
149:
143:
135:
132:
131:
130:
125:
120:
113:
110:
108:
105:
80:major airlines
67:
64:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1027:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1005:Airline types
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
980:
969:
964:
962:
957:
955:
950:
949:
943:
941:
937:
933:
928:
925:
921:
920:
912:
907:
905:
900:
898:
893:
892:
886:
884:
880:
875:
872:
868:
867:
863:
857:
852:
847:
845:
835:
834:
831:
826:
824:
819:
803:
799:
793:
778:
774:
767:
760:
759:
753:
751:0-19-877458-3
747:
743:
738:
737:
728:
720:
718:0-415-16411-7
714:
710:
709:
701:
693:
691:0-415-34615-0
687:
683:
682:
674:
666:
664:0-7546-3618-6
660:
656:
655:
647:
643:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
579:
578:FLOAT Shuttle
576:
574:
573:Delta Shuttle
571:
569:
566:
563:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
455:Greyhound Air
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
422:North America
417:
414:
412:
409:
406:
403:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
344:
343:Sky Greenland
341:
339:
336:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
317:MSC Air Cargo
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
279:
276:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
251:
248:
245:
242:
240:
237:
234:
231:
229:
226:
223:
220:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
201:
198:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
179:Alsie Express
177:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
158:Air Prishtina
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
115:
101:
97:
92:
88:
86:
81:
77:
73:
72:United States
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
940:expanding it
929:
883:expanding it
876:
861:
815:
802:the original
792:
780:. Retrieved
776:
766:
757:
755:
735:
727:
707:
700:
680:
673:
653:
646:
612:Ravn Connect
478:Peoplexpress
267:Jetisfaction
100:FLM Aviation
69:
45:
31:
25:
995:Outsourcing
564:) (defunct)
461:Hooters Air
443:Cal Jet Air
382:Sverigeflyg
305:MeerExpress
217:CU Airlines
140:Air Croatia
52:air charter
979:Categories
782:9 November
639:References
589:Go!Express
562:Flight 101
449:Direct Air
438:Amazon Air
411:Vizion Air
394:Trawel Fly
294:Lübeck Air
244:FlyNonstop
233:Fly Marche
184:AnadoluJet
163:AirGotland
152:Air Norway
123:FlyNamibia
40:outsourced
614:(defunct)
608:(defunct)
602:(defunct)
591:(defunct)
585:(defunct)
554:(defunct)
548:(defunct)
515:(defunct)
509:(defunct)
507:Tahoe Air
503:(defunct)
492:(defunct)
490:Roots Air
486:(defunct)
480:(defunct)
469:(defunct)
463:(defunct)
457:(defunct)
451:(defunct)
445:(defunct)
433:Aeroflyer
407:(defunct)
405:Vildanden
396:(defunct)
390:(defunct)
388:Teddy Air
384:(defunct)
373:(defunct)
367:(defunct)
361:(defunct)
354:Skåneflyg
345:(defunct)
334:(defunct)
313:(defunct)
307:(defunct)
301:(defunct)
284:L'odyssey
280:(defunct)
278:Krohn Air
269:(defunct)
263:(defunct)
257:(defunct)
246:(defunct)
235:(defunct)
224:(defunct)
213:(defunct)
211:Color Air
207:(defunct)
196:(defunct)
175:(defunct)
173:Alpeflyet
154:(defunct)
148:(defunct)
142:(defunct)
118:Cally Air
56:wet lease
38:that has
28:economics
932:aviation
856:Business
844:Aviation
623:Taos Air
501:SkyValue
496:Sky Cana
416:Västflyg
377:Sveaflyg
222:Evolavia
205:Citywing
168:Airseven
146:Air Leap
830:Portals
600:NewLeaf
513:Western
484:Red Way
467:Midwest
400:UEP!Fly
371:Spanjet
349:SkyAlps
327:Niceair
322:MyWings
261:IGavion
239:flyBAIR
66:Origins
36:airline
748:
715:
688:
661:
606:OneJet
560:(Post
134:Europe
112:Africa
60:livery
34:is an
930:This
541:Blade
299:Manx2
289:Level
96:Manx2
936:stub
879:stub
784:2023
746:ISBN
713:ISBN
686:ISBN
659:ISBN
552:Buzz
128:Lift
30:, a
742:146
595:JSX
583:Go!
473:OWG
54:or
26:In
981::
775:.
754:.
744:.
967:e
960:t
953:v
942:.
910:e
903:t
896:v
885:.
832::
786:.
721:.
694:.
667:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
