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The villa was originally built on a shelf 14m above sea level and above the sea shore giving it a beautiful view over the Bay of Naples. It is known that other buildings lay near the shore line below, possibly baths, and at Lido
Azzurro nearby the ancient coastline has been found along with traces of
603:
Another garden in the grounds, this one enclosed, featured wall paintings of plants and birds, and evidence of fruit trees growing in the garden's corners. Two courtyard gardens also featured wall paintings. A large park-like garden extends from the back of the villa. Cavities that had once housed
725:
This villa was not deserted at the time of the eruption: the remains of 54 people were recovered in one of the rooms of the villa, perishing in the surge that hit
Oplontis. With the victims were found many of their belongings, including fine jewelry, silverware, and coins in the amount of 10,000
649:
Official excavations were done from 1964 until the mid-1980s, at which point the site was excavated to its current level. It was during this final round of excavations that the massive swimming pool, measuring 60 by 17 metres, was unearthed. The villa's southernmost portions have been left
1293:
Part I - Roman Villas on or Near the Bay of Naples and
Maritime Villas; Chapter 4 - The Building History and Aesthetics of the “Villa of Poppaea” At Torre Annunziata: Results from the Oplontis Project 2005–2014, pp. 75 – 84. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press (www.cambridge.org),
480:
Like everywhere else in the region the villa was damaged in the earthquake of AD 62 and renovation and repairs were still being made until its last moments as, for example, some of the columns were found dissembled and garden sculptures away from their proper location indicates.
717:
Nearby is the so-called Villa of L. Crassius
Tertius (Oplontis Villa B), partially excavated between 1974 and 1991. In contrast to the sumptuously decorated Villa Poppaea, the neighbouring villa is a rustic, two-story structure with many rooms left unplastered and with
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550:(also called the Ornate Style) dating to ca. 25 BC-40 AD. Attention to realistic perspective is abandoned in favour of flatness and elongated architectural forms which “form a kind of shrine" around a central scene, which is often mythological.
445:
framing formal gardens and various guest reception and service rooms. Smaller winter gardens were decorated with remarkable frescoes. The baths near the atrium were also remodeled into a group of entertainment rooms in the Fourth-Style.
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Some 40 marble sculptures of extraordinary beauty were found, forming one of the most extensive collections of statues, busts and other marble ornaments known in the entire region. Among these was a group of
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It was sumptuously decorated with fine works of art. Its marble columns and capitals mark it out as being especially luxurious compared with others in this region which usually had stuccoed brick columns.
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Some of the rooms seem to have been used for manufacturing, and others were storerooms, while the upper floor contained the living quarters of the house. These circumstances, along with more than 400
622:
apple found on the site indicates the former presence of apple trees. Modern-day replanting of the Villa's gardens was undertaken only after the gardens' original plant types and location were known.
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recovered in the excavations, indicate the property was devoted to the production of wine, oil, and agricultural goods. The discovery of a series of weights seems to confirm this theory; a bronze
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and centauresses found in the west portico facing the north garden. Many of them also served as fountains and were intended to surround the pool but were found away from their proper position.
3125:
817:
Michael L. Thomas and John R. Clarke, “Water
Features, the Atrium, and the Coastal Setting of Oplontis Villa A at Torre Annunziata,” Journal of Roman Archaeology 24 (2011): 378–381.
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unexcavated because of the physical limitations of the complex, which has been compromised by its position beneath the modern city of Torre
Annunziata and the Sarno aqueduct.
596:
By 1993, 13 gardens had been discovered, among which was a peristyle garden in the original portion of the villa. A large shade tree next to a fountain was found, and also a
426:(public dining room) and other reception rooms. In 1-15 AD the baths in the Third-Style were added to the northwest of the atrium centred on a small peristyle with fountain.
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aqueduct which cut through the centre of the villa, but no recognition of the site was made. In 1839 a brief exploration of the site was undertaken by
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1160:. Dumbarton Oaks Colloquia on the History of Landscape Architecture. Vol. 10. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
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was found at the site, which suggests the villa may have been her residence when she was away from Rome and which gives it its popular name.
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This grandiose maritime villa was characterised by “rituals of reception and leisure” through both its physical space and its decoration.
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343:"The whole gulf is quilted by cities, buildings, plantations, so united to each other, that they seem to be a single metropolis."
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453:(21) painted in Fourth-Style stripes was the service area with workrooms and dormitories on the upper floor for slaves, a
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463:. In its southwest corner a tunnel descends from this area via a series of terraces to the ancient sea shore 14 m below.
282:
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The villa was first built in the 50s BC and then enlarged in stages. The oldest part of the house centres around the
523:. The Second Style frescoes, also called the Architectural Style BC, include feigned architectural features such as
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1990:
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It was one of the luxury villas built along the entire coast of the Gulf of Naples in the Roman period, such that
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Stefano de Caro, Ancient Roman Villa
Gardens, Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Architecture.
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2005:
1914:
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Volume 1. The
Ancient Setting and Modern Rediscovery. New York: American Council of Learned Societies, 2014,
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798:
https://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/VF/Villa_055%20Oplontis%20Villa%20of%20Poppea%20p29.htm
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The Villa of
Poppaea was first discovered in the eighteenth century during the construction of the
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1243:. 3rd rev. and up to date ed. Rome: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Libreria dello Stato, 1945.
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1960:
1942:
519:, while later renovations and additions are marked by comparably high-quality paintings of the
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found at the site preserved the name of Lucius
Crassius Tertius, apparently its last owner.
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512:, those decorating the walls of the Villa Poppaea are striking both in form and in colour.
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The quality of the decorations and construction suggests that it was owned by the Emperor
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The limits of the villa have not yet been found as they are covered by modern buildings.
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1100:. Translated by Patricia A. Cockram. New York City, New York: Riverside Book Company.
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573:. The east wall includes some wonderful details such as a theatre mask and peacock.
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Oplontis. Villa di Poppea or Villa of Poppea or Villa Poppaea or Oplontis Villa A.
635:
251:
174:
50:
1360:
Romano-Campanian Wall-Painting (English, Italian, Spanish and French introduction)
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Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
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The Villa's earliest frescoes are some of the best examples of the illusionistic
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28:
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AD79 destruction and Re-discovery Oplontis: Villa di Poppea (sites.google.com)
867:"IMSS - Ancient Garden from Babylon to Rome - the Villa of Poppea in Oplontis"
403:
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The Roman Villa in the Mediterranean Basin - Late Republic to Late Antiquity.
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86:
73:
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The Houses of Roman Italy, 100 B.C.–A.D. 250: Ritual, Space, and Decoration
719:
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Other trees at the Villa Poppaea were also identified, including lemon and
489:
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Also found were the remains of tree stumps which were shown to be olives.
3095:
3030:
2928:
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2688:
2651:
2643:
2198:
1796:
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1141:. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). New Rochelle: New York: Caratzas Brothers.
732:, the second largest by value found in the Vesuvian region after that of
639:
349:
286:
243:
212:
170:
106:
2952:
1139:
The Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the Villas Destroyed by Vesuvius
1120:
The Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the Villas Destroyed by Vesuvius
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2941:
2770:
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2489:
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555:
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376:
372:
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2843:
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Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of CefalĂą and Monreale
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Like many of the frescoes that were preserved due to the eruption of
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396:
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Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei
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Much attention has been paid to the allusions to stage painting (
468:
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363:
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166:
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Civale, Anna (2003). "Oplontis". In Guzzo, Pier Giovanni (ed.).
580:) in the Villa Poppaea frescoes, particularly those in Room 23.
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1894:
1660:
1648:
1609:
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Clarke, John R. and Marzano, Annalisa; MĂ©traux, Guy P.R., eds.
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Translated with an introduction and commentary by H. W. Bird
565:, which was the main living room of a Roman house. Like the
2608:
529:
windows, doors, and painted columns and date to ca. 90-25.
309:
297:
1849:
1122:. Vol. 1. New Rochelle: New York: Caratzas Brothers.
293:, about 10 m (33 ft) below modern ground level.
2870:
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries
780:
778:
776:
763:
761:
604:
the roots of large trees were discovered and shown to be
433:(r.41–54 AD) with the addition of a large swimming pool (
3126:
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
1081:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
969:
938:
996:
2542:
City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto
1060:
Tales from an Eruption: Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis
849:
847:
773:
758:
638:
excavators using the tunnelling technique employed at
1181:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
625:
1416:
1377:
Villa A, also known as Villa Poppaea - Pompeii Sites
1222:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 361 - 1994.
894:
882:
2806:
Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)
844:
832:
33:The Villa Poppaea as seen from the garden in front
2327:
1236:. Novara: Instituto Geografico de Agostini, 1957.
1136:
1043:. Los Angeles, California: J. Paul Getty Museum.
429:The villa was extended to the east in the age of
3117:
1024:. New York City; New York: Thames & Hudson.
957:
646:and garden area and removing several paintings.
437:) bordered on the south and east by trees, with
274:as it was situated in the ancient Roman town of
1229:. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1991.
1174:
924:
912:
828:https://labs-dev.utdallas.edu/oplontis/villa-a/
281:It was buried and preserved in the eruption of
2169:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
2968:
2579:Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme
2313:
1865:
1402:
1271:Clarke, John R. and Nayla K. Muntasser. Eds.
1178:Houses and Society in Pompeii and Herculaneum
1137:Jashemski; Feemster, Wilhelmina Mary (1993).
949:sfn error: no target: CITEREFJashemski1993 (
477:floor pavements occur throughout the Villa.
1382:The Villa at Oplontis, Skenographia Project
1276:Villa A (“Of Poppaea”) at Torre Annunziata.
2975:
2961:
2860:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
2320:
2306:
1872:
1858:
1409:
1395:
1155:
975:
569:frescoes, the room is also painted in the
300:and a pottery shard bearing the name of a
27:
2982:
1114:
944:
367:Plan of the Villa Poppaea: 01-Atrium, 03-
3021:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
2672:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
2517:Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles
1250:. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1899.
1095:
928:
784:
767:
587:
499:
488:
402:
362:
3131:18th-century archaeological discoveries
1268:(English translation), London, 1913-14.
1246:Mau, August and Francis Willey Kelsey.
3118:
2402:Residences of the Royal House of Savoy
1156:MacDougall, Elisabeth B., ed. (1987).
1076:
1057:
1002:
932:
853:
838:
242:is an ancient luxurious Roman seaside
2956:
2301:
2251:Naples National Archaeological Museum
2159:Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum
1853:
1390:
1017:
900:
888:
325:Naples National Archaeological Museum
1038:
963:
285:in 79 AD, like the nearby cities of
3176:Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
2564:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
1910:Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
1116:Jashemski, Wilhelmina Mary Feemster
323:from Oplontis are preserved in the
13:
1372:Dumbarton Oaks: Garden Archaeology
1196:
626:Rediscovery and excavation history
14:
3187:
1302:
1261:The Lives of the Twelve Caesars -
1062:. Milan: Electa. pp. 72–79.
592:Fountain in peristyle garden (21)
308:, the second wife of the emperor
3146:Former populated places in Italy
3141:Archaeological sites in Campania
2761:Archaeological Area of Agrigento
1991:House of Marcus Lucretius Fronto
1807:Heraion at the mouth of the Sele
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1175:Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew (1994).
694:
682:
670:
655:
3156:Tourist attractions in Campania
3088:
2434:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
1732:Flavian Amphitheater (Pozzuoli)
1096:Coarelli, Filippo, ed. (2002).
981:
873:
706:
553:Immediately to the west of the
441:and peristyles with colonnaded
395:, 20-Latrine, 21-Peristyle, 22-
358:
2849:Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
2439:Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont
859:
820:
811:
802:
790:
1:
3161:World Heritage Sites in Italy
2329:World Heritage Sites in Italy
2006:House of the Prince of Naples
1915:Foreign influences on Pompeii
752:
600:, a rake, a hoe, and a hook.
3096:"Herculaneum | WorldCat.org"
2421:Rock Drawings in Valcamonica
990:Villa of L. Crassius Tertius
7:
2021:House of the Small Fountain
2016:House of the Silver Wedding
1986:House of Loreius Tiburtinus
1981:House of the Greek Epigrams
1976:The Garden of the Fugitives
1879:
1158:Ancient Roman Villa Gardens
484:
352:that may have been public.
10:
3192:
2181:Pompeii in popular culture
1336:Triclinium Villa di Poppea
1041:Gardens Of The Roman World
1011:
710:
583:
155:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2991:
2895:
2798:
2741:
2642:
2568:Etruscan Necropolises of
2550:
2459:
2335:
2264:
2243:
2236:
2189:
2154:Portrait of Terentius Neo
2131:
2101:
2065:
2044:
2001:House of Octavius Quartio
1951:
1930:
1923:
1887:
1787:
1676:Catacombs of San Gaudioso
1600:
1525:
1480:
1451:
1425:
1248:Pompeii: Its Life and Art
642:, uncovering part of the
266:. It is also called the
232:
228:
218:
208:
196:
188:
180:
161:
152:
148:
135:
127:
122:
112:
102:
65:
46:
38:
26:
3006:Ancient remains of Capua
2667:Castel del Monte, Apulia
2429:of Piedmont and Lombardy
2031:House of the Tragic Poet
1905:AD 62 Pompeii earthquake
1681:Catacombs of San Gennaro
1555:Santa Maria Capua Vetere
1417:Archaeological sites in
1319:(in Italian and English)
1077:Clarke, John R. (1991).
223:Europe and North America
165:Archaeological Areas of
143:(in Italian and English)
3151:Roman sites of Campania
2933:with 17 other countries
2790:Villa Romana del Casale
2780:Necropolis of Pantalica
2715:Royal Palace of Caserta
2512:Orto botanico di Padova
2503:Torre della Ghirlandina
1560:Arch of Hadrian (Capua)
1353:3 February 2022 at the
1314:6 February 2016 at the
677:cast of wooden shutters
521:Third and Fourth Styles
330:
42:Villa Oplontis, Villa A
3071:Vesuvius National Park
3046:Santa Sofia, Benevento
2719:Aqueduct of Vanvitelli
2599:Piazza del Duomo, Pisa
2149:Plato's Academy mosaic
1961:House of the Centenary
1943:Villa of the Mysteries
1839:Villa Romana of Minori
1341:14 August 2011 at the
1203:Sextus Aurelius Victor
1039:Bowe, Patrick (2004).
1018:Berry, Joanne (2007).
808:Strabo Geography 5.4.8
701:Garden north of atrium
593:
505:
497:
408:
400:
3136:Roman villas in Italy
2835:Campello sul Clitunno
2507:Piazza Grande, Modena
2256:Secret Museum, Naples
2190:Other sites destroyed
1817:Second Temple of Hera
1577:Sant'Angelo in Formis
1565:Amphitheatre of Capua
1482:Province of Benevento
1329:31 March 2021 at the
1207:Book of the Caesars 5
826:The Oplontis Project
591:
542:in the Garden of the
503:
492:
406:
366:
87:40.75722°N 14.45250°E
39:Alternative name
2522:Porticoes of Bologna
2139:Achilles and Briseis
2026:House of the Surgeon
1971:House of Julia Felix
1747:Macellum of Pozzuoli
1427:Province of Avellino
1365:7 March 2011 at the
1324:The Oplontis Project
925:Wallace-Hadrill 1994
913:Wallace-Hadrill 1994
2885:Peschiera del Garda
2831:Temple of Clitumnus
2816:Cividale del Friuli
2284:(CIL IV 8123, 8623)
2204:Villa of the Papyri
2057:Macellum of Pompeii
2036:House of the Vettii
1789:Province of Salerno
1769:Castello Barbarossa
1637:Villa of the Papyri
1527:Province of Caserta
1021:The Complete Pompey
546:are painted in the
383:, 10-Peristyle, 12-
83: /
23:
16:Ancient Roman villa
3066:TrinitĂ della Cava
3056:Sorrento Peninsula
2723:San Leucio Complex
2192:in the 79 eruption
1698:Macellum of Naples
1686:Crypta Neapolitana
1602:Province of Naples
1587:Trebula Balliensis
594:
506:
498:
457:, a kitchen and a
409:
401:
209:Reference no.
92:40.75722; 14.45250
55:Province of Naples
21:
3084:
3083:
2950:
2949:
2853:Monte Sant'Angelo
2766:Barumini nuraghes
2684:Certosa di Padula
2376:Monte San Giorgio
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2174:Pompeian frescoes
2127:
2126:
2119:Temple of Jupiter
1996:House of Menander
1966:House of the Faun
1938:Villa of Diomedes
1847:
1846:
1822:Tomb of the Diver
1654:Piscina Mirabilis
1625:Grotta di Cocceio
1284:978-1-59740-932-2
1188:978-0-691-02909-2
1167:978-0-88402-162-9
1148:978-0-89241-125-2
1129:978-0-89241-096-5
1107:978-1-878351-59-3
1088:978-0-520-08429-2
1069:978-88-370-2363-8
1050:978-0-7112-2387-5
1031:978-0-500-05150-4
236:
235:
3183:
3166:Torre Annunziata
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3100:www.worldcat.org
3092:
3001:Amalfi Cathedral
2977:
2970:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2499:Modena Cathedral
2407:Rhaetian Railway
2322:
2315:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2241:
2240:
2228:Villa Boscoreale
2144:Alexander Mosaic
2109:Temple of Apollo
2011:House of Sallust
1928:
1927:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1812:Temple of Athena
1779:Villa Boscoreale
1512:Ligures Baebiani
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1320:
1309:Official website
1296:published online
1265:The Life of Nero
1239:Maiuri, Amedeo.
1232:Maiuri, Amedeo.
1217:: De Caesaribus.
1192:
1171:
1152:
1133:
1111:
1092:
1073:
1054:
1035:
1006:
1005:, p. 73–74.
1000:
994:
993:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
954:
942:
936:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
877:
871:
870:
863:
857:
851:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
815:
809:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
771:
765:
698:
686:
674:
659:
532:Frescoes in the
272:Oplontis Villa A
252:Torre Annunziata
175:Torre Annunziata
144:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
88:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
51:Torre Annunziata
31:
24:
20:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3102:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
2987:
2981:
2951:
2946:
2891:
2794:
2751:Aeolian Islands
2737:
2733:Sassi di Matera
2708:Historic Centre
2638:
2589:Hadrian's Villa
2546:
2484:Le Colline del
2455:
2355:Historic center
2331:
2326:
2296:
2287:
2277:Pompeii Lakshmi
2260:
2232:
2191:
2185:
2164:Pompeian Styles
2123:
2097:
2061:
2040:
1947:
1919:
1883:
1878:
1848:
1843:
1783:
1596:
1521:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1449:
1421:
1415:
1367:Wayback Machine
1355:Wayback Machine
1343:Wayback Machine
1331:Wayback Machine
1318:
1316:Wayback Machine
1305:
1215:Aurelius Victor
1199:
1197:Further reading
1189:
1168:
1149:
1130:
1108:
1089:
1070:
1051:
1032:
1014:
1009:
1001:
997:
987:
986:
982:
976:MacDougall 1987
974:
970:
962:
958:
948:
943:
939:
931:, p. 372;
923:
919:
911:
907:
899:
895:
887:
883:
878:
874:
865:
864:
860:
852:
845:
837:
833:
825:
821:
816:
812:
807:
803:
795:
791:
783:
774:
766:
759:
755:
715:
709:
702:
699:
690:
687:
678:
675:
666:
660:
628:
586:
487:
361:
333:
157:
142:
91:
89:
85:
82:
77:
74:
72:
70:
69:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3171:Poppaea Sabina
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3113:
3112:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3016:Caserta Palace
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2931:
2909:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2738:
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2735:
2730:
2725:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2691:
2686:
2669:
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2654:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2496:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2436:
2431:
2423:
2418:
2404:
2399:
2378:
2373:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
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2285:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2238:
2237:Archaeological
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2114:Temple of Isis
2111:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2083:Suburban Baths
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Mount Vesuvius
1897:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1842:
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1836:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
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1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:Lucrinus Lacus
1734:
1724:
1719:
1717:Palazzo a Mare
1714:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1671:Bourbon Tunnel
1668:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1597:
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1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1495:Arch of Trajan
1486:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1440:Aequum Tuticum
1437:
1431:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1304:
1303:External links
1301:
1300:
1299:
1287:
1269:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1227:Roman Painting
1223:
1210:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1172:
1166:
1153:
1147:
1134:
1128:
1112:
1106:
1093:
1087:
1074:
1068:
1055:
1049:
1036:
1030:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:
995:
980:
968:
956:
947:, p. 295.
945:Jashemski 1993
937:
935:, p. 117.
927:, p. 27;
917:
905:
903:, p. 170.
893:
891:, p. 171.
881:
872:
858:
843:
831:
819:
810:
801:
789:
787:, p. 365.
772:
770:, p. 360.
756:
754:
751:
711:Main article:
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
693:
691:
688:
681:
679:
676:
669:
667:
661:
654:
627:
624:
585:
582:
510:Mount Vesuvius
486:
483:
360:
357:
345:
344:
332:
329:
306:Poppaea Sabina
268:Villa Oplontis
264:Southern Italy
248:villa maritima
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
198:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
163:
159:
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150:
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145:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
67:
63:
62:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3188:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3076:Villa Poppaea
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:Landmarks of
2978:
2973:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Villa Poppaea
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:San Gimignano
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Medici villas
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Valdobbiadene
2491:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:Crespi d'Adda
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2216:Villa Poppaea
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:Stabian Baths
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Pertosa Caves
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1752:Portus Julius
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1710:Villa Poppaea
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1691:Virgil's tomb
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1500:Roman Theatre
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:Ling, Roger.
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1004:
999:
992:
991:
984:
978:, p. 79.
977:
972:
965:
960:
952:
946:
941:
934:
930:
929:Coarelli 2002
926:
921:
915:, p. 27.
914:
909:
902:
897:
890:
885:
876:
868:
862:
856:, p. 22.
855:
850:
848:
841:, p. 23.
840:
835:
829:
823:
814:
805:
799:
793:
786:
785:Coarelli 2002
781:
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3103:. Retrieved
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2821:Castelseprio
2697:
2657:Amalfi Coast
2634:Villa d'Este
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2397:Cinque Terre
2381:Porto Venere
2282:Sator Square
2215:
2093:Theatre Area
2073:Amphitheatre
2066:Recreational
2052:Aqua Augusta
1742:Lake Avernus
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1666:Aqua Augusta
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113:Part of
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3031:Herculaneum
2929:Switzerland
2901:Switzerland
2851:located at
2842:located at
2840:Santa Sofia
2833:located at
2799:Countrywide
2785:Val di Noto
2689:Herculaneum
2652:Alberobello
2629:Val d'Orcia
2427:Sacri Monti
2199:Herculaneum
1797:Monte Pruno
1774:Villa Jovis
1632:Herculaneum
1241:Herculaneum
1212:Bird, H.W.
1003:Civale 2003
933:Clarke 1991
854:Clarke 1991
839:Clarke 1991
662:Portico of
640:Herculaneum
606:plane trees
559:is a large
449:Around the
399:, 24-Garden
350:Roman baths
287:Herculaneum
200:1997 (21st
171:Herculaneum
107:Roman villa
90: /
66:Coordinates
3120:Categories
3026:Faraglioni
2942:Montenegro
2771:Mount Etna
2662:Appian Way
2490:Conegliano
2451:Monferrato
2417:Landscapes
2371:Sabbioneta
2272:CIL 4.5296
901:Berry 2007
889:Berry 2007
753:References
734:Boscoreale
620:carbonized
556:triclinium
544:Hesperides
538:depicting
423:triclinium
393:Viridarium
377:Triclinium
373:Tepidarium
197:Designated
192:iii, iv, v
128:Management
123:Site notes
75:40°45′26″N
3051:Solfatara
2905:with the
2880:Palmanova
2844:Benevento
2574:Tarquinia
2570:Cerveteri
2475:Dolomites
2461:Northeast
2337:Northwest
2265:Artefacts
1924:Buildings
1572:Casilinum
1490:Benevento
1273:Oplontis:
1256:Suetonius
964:Bowe 2004
729:sesterces
644:peristyle
567:caldarium
535:caldarium
495:caldarium
451:peristyle
443:porticoes
439:triclinia
420:(1) with
381:Cubiculum
369:Caldarium
321:artifacts
78:14°27′9″E
3105:23 March
2996:Aeclanum
2985:Campania
2925:Slovenia
2907:Holy See
2776:Syracuse
2694:Oplontis
2584:Florence
2486:Prosecco
2469:Aquileia
2385:Palmaria
2211:Oplontis
1764:Suessula
1727:Pozzuoli
1705:Oplontis
1644:Liternum
1582:Sinuessa
1517:Saticula
1435:Aeclanum
1419:Campania
1363:Archived
1351:Archived
1339:Archived
1327:Archived
1312:Archived
1286:(e-book)
1118:(1979).
742:amphorae
722:floors.
713:Oplontis
616:oleander
540:Hercules
485:Frescoes
469:centaurs
460:lararium
431:Claudius
397:Lararium
302:freedman
283:Vesuvius
276:Oplontis
260:Sorrento
254:between
189:Criteria
184:Cultural
140:Oplontis
117:Oplontis
59:Campania
47:Location
3061:Stabiae
3041:Pompeii
3036:Paestum
2938:Croatia
2921:Germany
2913:Austria
2875:Bergamo
2826:Spoleto
2811:Brescia
2743:Islands
2728:Pompeii
2676:Paestum
2552:Central
2527:Ravenna
2480:Ferrara
2415:Bernina
2409:in the
2393:Tinetto
2244:Museums
2223:Stabiae
2102:Temples
2078:Lupanar
1888:History
1881:Pompeii
1802:Paestum
1759:Stabiae
1722:Pompeii
1545:Calatia
1535:Allifae
1507:Caudium
1298:, 2018.
1234:Pompeii
1098:Pompeii
1012:Sources
689:kitchen
664:piscina
636:Bourbon
598:sundial
584:Gardens
455:latrine
435:piscina
389:Piscina
339:wrote:
291:Pompeii
213:829-006
202:session
167:Pompeii
136:Website
61:, Italy
2927:, and
2917:France
2703:Naples
2624:Urbino
2604:Pienza
2560:Assisi
2537:Verona
2532:Venice
2443:Langhe
2411:Albula
2367:Mantua
2045:Public
1931:Villas
1895:Pompei
1661:Naples
1649:Miseno
1610:Atella
1592:Vescia
1540:Ausona
1445:Compsa
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475:Mosaic
417:atrium
337:Strabo
256:Naples
219:Region
173:, and
3011:Cumae
2936:with
2911:with
2899:with
2680:Velia
2644:South
2619:Siena
2447:Roero
2362:Ivrea
2350:Genoa
1953:Domus
1834:Velia
1620:Cumae
1615:Baiae
1550:Cales
632:Sarno
562:oecus
504:Oecus
391:, 15-
387:, 13-
385:Oecus
379:, 07-
375:, 06-
371:, 04-
319:Many
262:, in
244:villa
3107:2023
2940:and
2778:and
2721:and
2696:and
2678:and
2609:Rome
2572:and
2562:and
2505:and
2473:The
2449:and
2391:and
2389:Tino
2369:and
1280:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1124:ISBN
1102:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1064:ISBN
1045:ISBN
1026:ISBN
951:help
747:seal
618:; a
493:The
331:Site
310:Nero
298:Nero
289:and
258:and
238:The
181:Type
103:Type
2488:di
2132:Art
304:of
270:or
3122::
3098:.
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