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In 1975, Ramakrishnan married Vera
Rosenberry, an author and illustrator of children's books. He has a step-daughter, Tanya Kapka, a physician specializing in public health and health-care delivery to under-served communities; and a son, Raman Ramakrishnan, a cellist specializing in chamber music and
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Ramakrishnan argued that a no-deal Brexit would harm science. Ramakrishnan wrote, "A deal on science is in the best interests of Europe as a whole and should not be sacrificed as collateral damage over disagreements on other issues. If we are going to successfully tackle global problems like climate
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and the mRNA binding site were identified and the likely modes of action of many clinically important antibiotics determined. His most recent work goes to the heart of the decoding mechanism showing the 30S subunit complexed with poly-U mRNA and the
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Ramakrishnan, V.; Wimberly, Brian T.; Brodersen, Ditlev E.; Clemons, William M.; Morgan-Warren, Robert J.; Carter, Andrew P.; Vonrhein, Clemens; Hartsch, Thomas (2000). "Structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit".
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change, human disease and food security, we can't do so in isolation. There is no scenario where trashing our relationships with our closest scientific collaborators in the EU gets us closer to these goals."
801:
The
President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting Padma Vibhushan Award to Dr. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, at the Civil Investiture Ceremony-I, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 31, 2010
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Cerf, Corinne; Lippens, Guy; Muyldermans, Serge; Segers, Alain; Ramakrishnan, V.; Wodak, Shoshana J.; Hallenga, Klaas; Wyns, Lode (1993). "Homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR".
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of individual components and their RNA complexes. Fundamental insights came from his crystallographic studies of the complete 30S subunit. The atomic model included over 1500 bases of
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Ramakrishnan, V.; Finch, J. T.; Graziano, V.; Lee, P. L.; Sweet, R. M. (1993). "Crystal structure of globular domain of histone H5 and its implications for nucleosome binding".
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Ramakrishnan, C. V.; Banerjee, B. N. (1951). "Mould Lipase: Effect of
Addition of Vitamins and Sterol to the Cake Medium on the Growth and the Activity of the Lipolytic Mould".
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2016:
Amunts, Alexey; Brown, Alan; Bai, Xiao-Chen; Llácer, Jose L.; Hussain, Tanweer; Emsley, Paul; Long, Fei; Murshudov, Garib; Scheres, Sjors H. W. (28 March 2014).
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at the age of three, where he had his entire schooling at the
Convent of Jesus and Mary, except for a year and a half (1960–61) which he and his family spent in
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Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman; Tanaka, Tomoyasu (1977). "Green's-function theory of the ferroelectric phase transition in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)".
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810:
993:, thus providing an atomic description of both codon:anti-codon recognition and "wobble". He has also made substantial contributions to understanding how
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subunit. The following year, his laboratory determined the complete molecular structure of the 30S subunit of the ribosome and its complexes with several
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Fernández, Israel S.; Bai, Xiao-Chen; Hussain, Tanweer; Kelley, Ann C.; Lorsch, Jon R.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Scheres, Sjors H. W. (15 November 2013).
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was hurting
Britain's reputation as a good place to work in science, commenting "It's very hard for the science community to see any advantages in
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593:, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in physics in 1971. At the time, the physics course at Baroda was new, and based in part on the
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and, in his final year, the COVID-19 pandemic and its response. In an interview in July 2018, he said that
Britain's decision to leave the
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Brodersen, Ditlev E.; Clemons, William M.; Carter, Andrew P.; Morgan-Warren, Robert J.; Wimberly, Brian T.; Ramakrishnan, V. (2000).
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Ramakrishnan, V.; Carter, Andrew P.; Clemons, William M.; Brodersen, Ditlev E.; Morgan-Warren, Robert J.; Wimberly, Brian T. (2000).
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2413:"The Structural Basis for the Action of the Antibiotics Tetracycline, Pactamycin, and Hygromycin B on the 30S Ribosomal Subunit"
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655:, he initially could not find a faculty position even though he had applied to about 50 universities in the United States.
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765:. They are pretty blunt about that." He saw advantages to both the UK and the EU for Britain to continue to be engaged in
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Immediately after graduation he moved to the US, where he obtained his Doctor of
Philosophy degree in physics from
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696:. This was followed by studies that provided structural insights into the mechanism that ensures the fidelity of
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2830:"'Venki' makes light of India link – Winner says not to treat science like cricket; league of misses grows"
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to work primarily on eukaryotic and mitochondrial translation. Ramakrishnan is also known for his past work on
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as a professor of biochemistry, and in 1999, he moved to his current position at the
Medical Research Council
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2152:"Functional insights from the structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit and its interactions with antibiotics"
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623:(KDP) supervised by Tomoyasu Tanaka. Then he spent two years studying biology as a graduate student at the
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The Green
Function Theory of the Ferroelectric Phase Transition in Potassium Dihydrogen-Phosphate
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Comparative
Effects of Successive and Simultaneous Presentation on Transfer in Verbal Learning
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Ramakrishnan is internationally recognised for determination of the atomic structure of the
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Ogle, J. M. (2001). "Recognition of Cognate Transfer RNA by the 30S Ribosomal Subunit".
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1103:"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – Biography: From Chidambaram to Cambridge: A Life in Science"
562:, who is professor of immunology and infectious diseases at the department of medicine,
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2462:"Selection of tRNA by the Ribosome Requires a Transition from an Open to a Closed Form"
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ribosomal subunit. Earlier he mapped the arrangement of proteins in the 30S subunit by
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were both scientists, and his father was head of the department of biochemistry at the
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Ramakrishnan's term as president of the Royal Society from 2015-2020 was dominated by
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1766:"Lalita Ramakrishnan Home page in Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge"
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Selmer, M. (2006). "Structure of the 70S Ribosome Complexed with mRNA and tRNA".
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920:, but does not generally use the title "Sir". That same year, he was awarded the
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2862:"Why we die—and how we can live longer, with Nobel laureate Venki Ramakrishnan"
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Ogle, James M.; Murphy, Frank V.; Tarry, Michael J.; Ramakrishnan, V. (2002).
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Rodnina, Marina V.; Wintermeyer, Wolfgang (2010). "The ribosome goes Nobel".
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in 1959, completing it in only 18 months, and was mentored, among others, by
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He continued to work on ribosomes from 1983 to 1995 as a staff scientist at
535:. At the time of his birth, Ramakrishnan's father was away from India doing
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1961:"Molecular architecture of a eukaryotic translational initiation complex"
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Ramakrishnan was included as one of 25 Greatest Global Living Indians by
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1913:"Nobel laureate Venkat Ramakrishnan failed IIT, medical entrance tests"
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The Green function theory of the ferroelectric phase transition in KDP
1780:"Lalita Ramakrishnan elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences"
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Why We Die: And How We Live: The New Science of Ageing and Longevity
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in the US. Ramakrishnan's mother obtained a PhD in psychology from
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2790:"The American Philosophical Society Welcomes New Members for 2020"
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and 20 associated proteins. The RNA interactions representing the
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A no-deal Brexit would be a disaster for the UK science community
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2530:"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: 'Britain's reputation has been hurt'"
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Structural insights into noncanonical mechanisms of translation
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while making a transition from theoretical physics to biology.
589:, he did his undergraduate studies in the same university on a
355:
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Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering
2886:
Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome
2764:"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: Certificate of Election EC/2003/31"
2735:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
2018:"Structure of the yeast mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit"
1582:
Gene machine. The race to decipher the secrets of the ribosome
1059:
Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome
7633:
Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
3019:
2511:"'Voice of British science fights for future of UK research'"
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In 2017, Ramakrishnan received the Golden Plate Award of the
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1859:"Factbox: Nobel chemistry prize – Who are the winners?"
1216:
2804:"Venki Ramakrishnan appointed to the British Library Board"
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In 2008, Ramakrishnan won the Heatley Medal of the British
705:
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1616:"Structural biologist named president of UK Royal Society"
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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
2571:. European Molecular Biology Organization. Archived from
1958:
962:
950:
847:. He received India's second highest civilian honor, the
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His certificate of election to the Royal Society reads:
793:
Ramakrishnan at the Nobel Prize Press conference in 2009
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Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
7528:
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
2364:"Ribosome Structure and the Mechanism of Translation"
1404:
Official Nobel Foundation website telephone interview
1298:
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2015:
1690:
1483:"Biologist Venki Ramakrishnan to lead Royal Society"
1317:
6859:
1931:"Venki Ramakrishnan, Ph.D. Biography and Interview"
997:is organised, particularly the structure of linker
830:
Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS)
684:In 1999, Ramakrishnan's laboratory published a 5.5
484:Since 1999, he has worked as a group leader at the
1343:
1293:
1176:
1133:
872:Honorary Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
748:
5023:
2766:. London: The Royal Society. 2003. Archived from
1652:"Common root: Tamil Nadu gets its third laureate"
558:Ramakrishnan has one sibling, his younger sister
527:His parents, Prof. C. V. Ramakrishnan and Prof.
16:British-American structural biologist (born 1952)
7434:
1313:
1311:
2922:including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2009
1421:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
723:As of 2019 his most cited papers (according to
7523:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni
7478:Brookhaven National Laboratory Nobel laureates
4419:
1684:
924:by the FEBS. In 2014, he was awarded the XLVI
585:, Australia. Following his pre-science at the
477:for research on the structure and function of
7628:Members of the American Philosophical Society
6845:
5009:
4683:
4405:
3005:
2508:
2074:
1308:
989:free to accommodate certain non-Watson/Crick
2882:
2361:
1800:
1741:
1578:
1212:
1210:
1572:
1273:
1271:
507:
61:1 December 2015 – 30 November 2020
7558:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
6852:
6838:
5016:
5002:
4690:
4676:
4412:
4398:
3012:
2998:
2917:
1565:
1264:(Supplement). 31 December 2011. p. 1.
1250:
1248:
1172:
1170:
928:by the Fundación Conchita Rábago (Spain).
877:He has received honorary degrees from the
290:Member of the National Academy of Sciences
31:
7613:Naturalized citizens of the United States
2527:
2477:
2428:
2379:
2057:
1992:
1627:
1451:
1441:
1387:. University of Cambridge. Archived from
1318:His Majesty The King (11 November 2022).
1207:
811:Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2003
805:Ramakrishnan was elected a Member of the
4520:(Hong Kong/United Kingdom/United States)
2924:Unraveling the Structure of the Ribosome
2827:
2304:
2253:
1794:
1402:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Audio Interview
1379:
1377:
1375:
1320:"New Appointments to the Order of Merit"
1305:, jeantet.ch. Accessed 30 December 2022.
1268:
1254:
1097:
1095:
1044:
796:
788:
7598:American people of Indian Tamil descent
2956:Professional and academic associations
2658:. German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
2592:. London: Royal Society. Archived from
2200:
2143:
2089:
1851:
1516:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
1491:. London. 18 March 2015. Archived from
1245:
1167:
1148: ed.). A & C Black.
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
879:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
807:European Molecular Biology Organization
587:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
533:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
322:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
7473:British people of Indian Tamil descent
7435:
2821:
2259:
1885:"Profile: Dr Venkatraman Ramakrishnan"
1735:
1613:
1125:
820:In 2007, Ramakrishnan was awarded the
630:
245:Structure and function of the ribosome
7608:Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford
7508:Indian emigrants to the United States
7498:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
6833:
4997:
4671:
4393:
2993:
2756:
2453:
2404:
2355:
1833:"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: a profile"
1505:
1416:"Profile of Venkatraman Ramakrishnan"
1372:
868:German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
784:
577:(previously also known as Baroda) in
7583:American academics of Indian descent
7483:Brookhaven National Laboratory staff
2717:"Honorary & Supernumary Fellows"
2630:"This Year's Padma Awards announced"
2558:
2310:
1499:
1413:
1131:
1072:
942:Channel, India on 14 December 2013.
6814:
2872:from the original on 26 April 2024.
2582:
1877:
1825:
1475:
1154:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U45543
893:. He is also an Honorary Fellow of
625:University of California, San Diego
591:National Science Talent Scholarship
328:University of California, San Diego
13:
7618:People who lost Indian citizenship
2608:"All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry"
2509:Clive Cookson (20 November 2020).
1801:Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman (1976).
1742:Ramakrishnan, Rajalakshmi (1959).
708:ligands. Since 2013, he has used
461:(born 1952) is a British-American
14:
7644:
2907:
1746:(PhD thesis). McGill University.
512:Ramakrishnan was born in 1952 in
6813:
6804:
6803:
6793:
5842:Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh
3242:
2940:
2928:
1543:
1467:
1303:Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
1279:"2009 Chemistry Nobel Laureates"
1027:
822:Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
284:Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
7493:Presidents of the Royal Society
2876:
2854:
2796:
2782:
2743:American Academy of Achievement
2727:
2709:
2692:"Emeritus and Honorary Fellows"
2684:
2670:
2648:
2622:
2600:
2540:
2521:
2502:
2009:
1952:
1939:American Academy of Achievement
1923:
1805:(PhD thesis). Ohio University.
1772:
1758:
1672:American Academy of Achievement
1662:
1644:
1607:
1551:
1407:
1395:
1135:"Ramakrishnan, Sir Venkatraman"
1009:In 2020, he was elected to the
933:American Academy of Achievement
864:Indian National Science Academy
749:Presidency of the Royal Society
671:Laboratory of Molecular Biology
602:The Feynman Lectures on Physics
545:University of Wisconsin–Madison
490:Laboratory of Molecular Biology
411:Laboratory of Molecular Biology
153:
7623:People from Cuddalore district
4563:(United Kingdom/United States)
4441:(United States/United Kingdom)
1346:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
1011:American Philosophical Society
866:. He has been a member of the
660:Brookhaven National Laboratory
621:potassium dihydrogen phosphate
612:in 1976 for research into the
502:President of the Royal Society
436:Brookhaven National Laboratory
250:macromolecular crystallography
49:President of the Royal Society
1:
7533:Members of the Order of Merit
7503:American emigrants to England
5847:Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey
2479:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01086-3
2430:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00216-6
2381:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00619-0
1065:
1013:and became a board member of
835:Ramakrishnan was awarded the
710:Cryogenic electron microscopy
421:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
7563:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
7548:Fellows of the Royal Society
5747:Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
2883:Ramakrishnan, Venki (2024).
2828:Amit Roy (17 October 2009).
2590:"Sir Venki Ramakrishnan FRS"
2555:. Accessed 30 December 2022.
1579:Ramakrishnan, Venki (2018).
1161:UK public library membership
1022:Member of the Order of Merit
862:and a foreign Fellow of the
815:National Academy of Sciences
688:resolution structure of the
568:National Academy of Sciences
7:
6659:Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta
6365:Kottayan Katankot Venugopal
6350:Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi
5767:Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir
5619:Chandrika Prasad Srivastava
5459:P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam
5283:Balwant Moreshwar Purandare
2721:The Queen's College, Oxford
2566:"The EMBO Pocket Directory"
1670:"Venki Ramakrishnan, Ph.D."
1506:James, Nathan Rhys (2017).
1109:. Stockholm. Archived from
903:The Queen's College, Oxford
826:Datta Lectureship and Medal
813:, and a Member of the U.S.
635:Ramakrishnan began work on
494:Cambridge Biomedical Campus
106:1952 (age 71–72)
10:
7649:
7588:Scientists from Tamil Nadu
7578:University of Utah faculty
6736:Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan
6599:Pandurang Shastri Athavale
6443:Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
6413:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
5903:Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti
5888:A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar
5772:Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri
5762:Kotha Satchidananda Murthy
5549:Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao
5514:Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan
5509:Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda
2866:University of Chicago News
2696:Somerville College, Oxford
2656:"Venkatraman Ramakrishnan"
2528:Ian Tucke (15 July 2018).
1385:"Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"
1358:10.1016/j.tibs.2009.11.003
899:Somerville College, Oxford
895:Trinity College, Cambridge
874:(Hon FMedSci) since 2010.
860:Trinity College, Cambridge
665:In 1995, he moved to the
498:Trinity College, Cambridge
7379:
7265:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
7249:Charles Scott Sherrington
7200:
7061:
6970:
6871:
6789:
6713:
6682:
6586:
6463:Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
6388:
5992:
5946:
5865:
5817:Hormasji Maneckji Seervai
5647:
5439:Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi
5366:
5148:Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer
5035:
4944:
4713:
4595:
4570:
4551:(United States/Australia)
4539:
4508:
4484:
4460:
4429:
4048:
3749:
3490:
3251:
3240:
3031:
2978:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2362:Ramakrishnan, V. (2002).
1782:. University of Cambridge
1629:10.1038/nature.2015.17153
858:, and became a Fellow of
775:European Medicines Agency
727:) have been published in
452:
448:
444:
403:
382:
377:
369:
354:
342:
314:
309:
305:
258:
237:
233:
207:
199:
188:
171:
163:
140:
123:
98:
93:
89:
77:
65:
54:
46:
42:
30:
23:
7458:American Nobel laureates
7305:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
6761:Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi
6614:Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
6578:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
6503:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
6175:Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher
5564:Khusro Faramurz Rustamji
5333:Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman
4850:Richard John Nelmes
4166:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
3445:Wendell Meredith Stanley
3025:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
2947:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
2935:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
2634:Ministry of Home Affairs
2083:publications indexed by
1281:. Nobel Foundation. 2009
1020:Ramakrishnan was made a
985:recognition leaves the "
837:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
653:post-doctoral fellowship
529:Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan
508:Education and early life
496:, UK and is a Fellow of
486:Medical Research Council
467:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
459:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
278:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
179:Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan
103:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
7468:British Nobel laureates
7126:Benjamin Collins Brodie
7102:Marquess of Northampton
5918:Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar
5253:Benode Behari Mukherjee
2835:The Telegraph (Kolkata)
2333:10.1126/science.1060612
2282:10.1126/science.1131127
2042:10.1126/science.1249410
1977:10.1126/science.1240585
1443:10.1073/pnas.1113044108
1414:Nair, Prashant (2011).
1201:10.1103/physrevb.16.422
1146:Oxford University Press
891:University of Cambridge
777:, are not EU agencies.
596:Berkeley Physics Course
564:University of Cambridge
416:University of Cambridge
7593:Indian Nobel laureates
7568:Ohio University alumni
7453:American biophysicists
7070:William Hyde Wollaston
6418:Rajagopala Chidambaram
6265:Naryana Raghvan Pillai
6195:Hirendranath Mukherjee
6180:Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai
6060:Chandra Kisan Daphtary
6005:Montek Singh Ahluwalia
5928:Brihaspati Dev Triguna
5712:Lakshman Shastri Joshi
5702:John Kenneth Galbraith
5677:Suniti Kumar Chatterji
5544:C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao
5389:Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri
5288:Akkineni Nageswara Rao
5078:S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
4899:Richard H. Sibson
4893:John Donald Scott
4742:John Milton Brown
4601:Nobel Prize recipients
4541:Physiology or Medicine
4526:(Canada/United States)
4330:Emmanuelle Charpentier
4318:M. Stanley Whittingham
3289:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
2970:62nd President of the
2945:Quotations related to
1658:. TNN. 8 October 2009.
1007:
802:
794:
573:Ramakrishnan moved to
566:, and a member of the
7553:Longevity researchers
7488:British biophysicists
7174:George Gabriel Stokes
6751:N. R. Narayana Murthy
6573:Narinder Singh Kapany
6533:Udupi Ramachandra Rao
6370:Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
6290:Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
6250:Hari Vinayak Pataskar
6075:Anthony Lancelot Dias
6045:Mirza Hameedullah Beg
5923:Prakash Narain Tandon
5534:Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
5424:Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim
5374:Bimala Prasad Chaliha
4886:John Gair Robson
3700:Christian B. Anfinsen
3340:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1045:Selected publications
947:
914:2012 New Year Honours
800:
792:
679:Guggenheim Fellowship
537:postdoctoral research
465:. He shared the 2009
7448:American biochemists
7158:William Spottiswoode
7150:Joseph Dalton Hooker
7003:Earl of Macclesfield
6731:Ashok Sekhar Ganguly
6654:Mary Clubwala Jadhav
6483:Rajendra K. Pachauri
6453:Daulat Singh Kothari
6438:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
6360:M. N. Venkatachaliah
6355:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
6185:Jivraj Narayan Mehta
6095:P. B. Gajendragadkar
6025:Madhav Shrihari Aney
5857:Bashir Hussain Zaidi
5682:D. P. Chattopadhyaya
5657:V. S. R. Arunachalam
5629:Arun Shridhar Vaidya
5569:Harish Chandra Sarin
5504:A. Ramasamy Mudaliar
5444:Ajudhiya Nath Khosla
5414:Jyotindra Nath Dixit
5258:Hrishikesh Mukherjee
5238:Kelucharan Mohapatra
5183:Yamini Krishnamurthy
5113:Adoor Gopalakrishnan
5093:Hariprasad Chaurasia
5068:M. Balamuralikrishna
4830:Jonathan D. G. Jones
4726:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
4586:Oliver E. Williamson
4362:Karl Barry Sharpless
3859:Dudley R. Herschbach
3684:Luis Federico Leloir
2937:at Wikimedia Commons
2596:on 6 September 2015.
1585:. London: Oneworld.
1003:higher order folding
922:Sir Hans Krebs Medal
839:in 2009, along with
773:, which, unlike the
698:protein biosynthesis
463:structural biologist
37:Ramakrishnan in 2015
7463:British biochemists
7273:William Henry Bragg
7166:Thomas Henry Huxley
7142:George Biddell Airy
6726:Ghanshyam Das Birla
6380:Mulayam Singh Yadav
6280:Ravi Narayana Reddy
6240:Nanabhoy Palkhivala
6190:V. K. Krishna Menon
6140:Murli Manohar Joshi
6105:IsmaĂŻl Omar Guelleh
6085:Kazi Lhendup Dorjee
6080:Uma Shankar Dikshit
6030:Parkash Singh Badal
5898:Autar Singh Paintal
5722:Dhondo Keshav Karve
5667:Satyendra Nath Bose
5639:Narinder Nath Vohra
5609:Lallan Prasad Singh
5293:Kaloji Narayana Rao
5243:Raghunath Mohapatra
5178:Ghulam Mustafa Khan
4880:Elizabeth Robertson
4824:Malcolm Irving
4788:Roger Fletcher
4549:Elizabeth Blackburn
4354:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
4266:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
4003:Jens Christian Skou
3971:F. Sherwood Rowland
3883:Charles J. Pedersen
3847:Herbert A. Hauptman
3540:Vincent du Vigneaud
3157:Richard Willstätter
3041:Jacobus van 't Hoff
2808:The British Library
2739:www.achievement.org
2515:The Financial Times
2325:2001Sci...292..897O
2274:2006Sci...313.1935S
2268:(5795): 1935–1942.
2223:1993Natur.362..219R
2170:2000Natur.407..340C
2113:2000Natur.407..327W
2034:2014Sci...343.1485A
2028:(6178): 1485–1489.
1935:www.achievement.org
1705:1951Natur.168..917R
1614:Peplow, M. (2015).
1557:Venki Ramakrishnan
1495:on 10 October 2015.
1434:2011PNAS..10815676N
1428:(38): 15676–15678.
1231:10.1021/bi00093a011
1225:(42): 11345–11351.
1193:1977PhRvB..16..422R
1015:The British Library
955:neutron diffraction
856:Biochemical Society
641:postdoctoral fellow
631:Career and research
560:Lalita Ramakrishnan
504:from 2015 to 2020.
383:School or tradition
310:Academic background
227:/venki-ramakrishnan
193:Lalita Ramakrishnan
7412:Venki Ramakrishnan
7361:Sir Michael Atiyah
7329:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
7281:Henry Hallett Dale
6880:Viscount Brouncker
6746:Anil Manibhai Naik
6714:Trade and industry
6488:Benjamin Peary Pal
6448:Har Gobind Khorana
6285:Y. Venugopal Reddy
6125:Lakshmi Chand Jain
6115:V. R. Krishna Iyer
5954:Sunderlal Bahuguna
5873:Jasbir Singh Bajaj
5752:Sitakant Mahapatra
5524:Bhairab Dutt Pande
5464:Pratap Chandra Lal
5338:M. S. Subbulakshmi
5218:Mallikarjun Mansur
4965:Klaus von Klitzing
4959:Fotis Kafatos
4915:Adrian Sutton
4875:Venki Ramakrishnan
4813:Peter Holland
4439:Venki Ramakrishnan
4314:John B. Goodenough
4242:William E. Moerner
4122:Richard R. Schrock
4094:Roderick MacKinnon
4066:K. Barry Sharpless
3891:Johann Deisenhofer
3720:Geoffrey Wilkinson
3716:Ernst Otto Fischer
3640:Robert S. Mulliken
3576:Jaroslav HeyrovskĂ˝
3524:Hermann Staudinger
3344:Irène Joliot-Curie
2916:on Nobelprize.org
2914:Venki Ramakrishnan
2842:on 22 October 2009
2678:"Honorary Fellows"
2610:. Nobel Foundation
2081:Venki Ramakrishnan
1917:The Times of India
1538:uk.bl.ethos.725540
1522:10.17863/CAM.13713
1261:The London Gazette
1001:and their role in
926:JimĂ©nez-DĂaz Prize
883:University of Utah
803:
795:
785:Awards and honours
667:University of Utah
518:Cuddalore district
431:University of Utah
25:Venki Ramakrishnan
7430:
7429:
7257:Ernest Rutherford
6888:Joseph Williamson
6827:
6826:
6690:Viswanathan Anand
6649:Veerendra Heggade
6629:Nirmala Deshpande
6619:Durgabai Deshmukh
6604:Janaki Devi Bajaj
6568:M. S. Swaminathan
6020:Adarsh Sein Anand
5974:Vishwesha Teertha
5938:Dilip Mahalanabis
5832:Govindbhai Shroff
5827:Kalu Lal Shrimali
5732:Radheshyam Khemka
5614:Balaram Sivaraman
5484:Mohan Sinha Mehta
5343:K. G. Subramanyan
5278:K. Shankar Pillai
5233:Chhannulal Mishra
4991:
4990:
4983:Valentine Telegdi
4971:Donald Knuth
4936:Peter N. T. Wells
4909:Geoffrey L. Smith
4855:Stephen O'Rahilly
4845:Stephen Mann
4783:Jeffery Errington
4763:Anthony Dickinson
4665:
4664:
4572:Economic Sciences
4477:(Germany/Romania)
4387:
4386:
4370:Moungi G. Bawendi
4290:Richard Henderson
4134:Roger D. Kornberg
4102:Aaron Ciechanover
3935:Rudolph A. Marcus
3839:Robert Merrifield
3775:Peter D. Mitchell
3548:Cyril Hinshelwood
3309:Friedrich Bergius
3233:Richard Zsigmondy
3149:Theodore Richards
3097:Ernest Rutherford
2988:
2987:
2979:Succeeded by
2933:Media related to
2896:978-93-5302-324-9
2889:. HarperCollins.
2636:. 25 January 2010
2632:(Press release).
2578:on 16 March 2015.
2319:(5518): 897–902.
2217:(6417): 219–223.
2164:(6802): 340–348.
2107:(6802): 327–339.
1971:(6160): 1240585.
1919:. 5 January 2010.
1699:(4282): 917–918.
1391:on 19 April 2015.
1180:Physical Review B
1159:(Subscription or
918:molecular biology
908:Ramakrishnan was
549:McGill University
456:
455:
7640:
7603:Tamil scientists
7513:Knights Bachelor
7423:
7415:
7407:
7399:
7391:
7372:
7364:
7356:
7348:
7340:
7332:
7324:
7321:Patrick Blackett
7316:
7308:
7300:
7292:
7284:
7276:
7268:
7260:
7252:
7244:
7236:
7228:
7225:Archibald Geikie
7220:
7212:
7193:
7185:
7177:
7169:
7161:
7153:
7145:
7137:
7129:
7121:
7113:
7105:
7097:
7089:
7081:
7073:
7054:
7046:
7038:
7030:
7022:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6990:
6982:
6963:
6955:
6947:
6944:Robert Southwell
6939:
6936:Earl of Pembroke
6931:
6923:
6915:
6907:
6899:
6896:Christopher Wren
6891:
6883:
6854:
6847:
6840:
6831:
6830:
6817:
6816:
6807:
6806:
6797:
6771:Prathap C. Reddy
6721:Dhirubhai Ambani
6705:Sachin Tendulkar
6644:Valerian Gracias
6563:George Sudarshan
6558:M. R. Srinivasan
6543:Man Mohan Sharma
6508:K. R. Ramanathan
6473:Roddam Narasimha
6468:G. Madhavan Nair
6255:Sunder Lal Patwa
6230:Fali Sam Nariman
6220:Gulzarilal Nanda
6205:Pranab Mukherjee
6150:Mehdi Nawaz Jung
6145:Anerood Jugnauth
6090:George Fernandes
6040:Milon K. Banerji
5959:B. K. S. Iyengar
5727:Gopinath Kaviraj
5707:Sarvepalli Gopal
5662:Jagdish Bhagwati
5574:Binay Ranjan Sen
5519:Braj Kumar Nehru
5479:Om Prakash Mehra
5454:V. Krishnamurthy
5429:H. V. R. Iyengar
5384:T. N. Chaturvedi
5353:Homai Vyarawalla
5348:Kapila Vatsyayan
5328:Shivkumar Sharma
5073:T. Balasaraswati
5058:Amitabh Bachchan
5018:
5011:
5004:
4995:
4994:
4835:Michael L. Klein
4818:James Hough
4748:Mark Wayne Chase
4736:William Bonfield
4692:
4685:
4678:
4669:
4668:
4603:
4555:Carol W. Greider
4445:Thomas A. Steitz
4414:
4407:
4400:
4391:
4390:
4380:
4378:Alexei I. Ekimov
4364:
4358:Morten P. Meldal
4348:
4336:
4324:
4308:
4292:
4282:Jacques Dubochet
4276:
4260:
4244:
4228:
4212:
4206:Robert Lefkowitz
4200:
4192:
4176:
4170:Thomas A. Steitz
4160:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4118:Robert H. Grubbs
4112:
4096:
4084:
4068:
4041:
4039:Hideki Shirakawa
4025:
4017:
4005:
3989:
3973:
3957:
3949:
3937:
3929:
3927:Richard R. Ernst
3921:
3913:
3901:
3885:
3869:
3853:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3805:
3803:Frederick Sanger
3789:
3783:Herbert C. Brown
3777:
3769:
3761:
3759:William Lipscomb
3742:
3730:
3722:
3710:
3694:
3692:Gerhard Herzberg
3686:
3678:
3666:
3658:
3642:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3606:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3568:Frederick Sanger
3562:
3554:
3552:Nikolay Semyonov
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3506:
3504:Glenn T. Seaborg
3483:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3431:
3429:Artturi Virtanen
3423:
3415:
3413:George de Hevesy
3407:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3374:
3366:
3354:
3346:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3319:
3311:
3299:
3291:
3279:
3271:
3269:Heinrich Wieland
3263:
3261:Theodor Svedberg
3246:
3245:
3235:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3173:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3073:Adolf von Baeyer
3067:
3059:
3057:Svante Arrhenius
3051:
3043:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2961:Preceded by
2953:
2952:
2944:
2932:
2921:
2901:
2900:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2838:. Archived from
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2556:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2481:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2432:
2423:(7): 1143–1154.
2408:
2402:
2401:
2383:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2231:10.1038/362219a0
2204:
2198:
2197:
2178:10.1038/35030019
2147:
2141:
2140:
2121:10.1038/35030006
2093:
2087:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1893:. 7 October 2009
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1865:. 7 October 2009
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1839:. 7 October 2009
1829:
1823:
1822:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1713:10.1038/168917a0
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1631:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1561:Official website
1555:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1381:
1370:
1369:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1315:
1306:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1137:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1113:on 18 April 2015
1099:
959:X-ray structures
916:for services to
841:Thomas A. Steitz
617:phase transition
500:. He served as
471:Thomas A. Steitz
370:Doctoral advisor
229:
226:
224:
222:
220:
218:
216:
214:
157:
155:
94:Personal details
80:
68:
59:
35:
21:
20:
7648:
7647:
7643:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7638:
7637:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7426:
7418:
7410:
7402:
7394:
7386:
7375:
7367:
7359:
7351:
7343:
7335:
7327:
7319:
7311:
7303:
7295:
7289:Robert Robinson
7287:
7279:
7271:
7263:
7255:
7247:
7239:
7233:William Crookes
7231:
7223:
7215:
7209:William Huggins
7207:
7196:
7188:
7180:
7172:
7164:
7156:
7148:
7140:
7132:
7124:
7118:Lord Wrottesley
7116:
7108:
7100:
7092:
7084:
7076:
7068:
7057:
7049:
7041:
7033:
7025:
7017:
7009:
7001:
6993:
6985:
6977:
6966:
6958:
6952:Charles Montagu
6950:
6942:
6934:
6928:Earl of Carbery
6926:
6918:
6910:
6902:
6894:
6886:
6878:
6867:
6858:
6828:
6823:
6785:
6709:
6678:
6674:Nellie Sengupta
6624:Nanaji Deshmukh
6582:
6538:Vikram Sarabhai
6478:Jayant Narlikar
6458:Verghese Kurien
6390:
6384:
6340:Kalyan Sundaram
6165:Hans Raj Khanna
6135:Aditya Nath Jha
6100:Benjamin Gilman
5988:
5964:Rambhadracharya
5942:
5933:M. S. Valiathan
5893:S. I. Padmavati
5861:
5837:Khushwant Singh
5822:Rajaram Shastri
5787:P. Parameswaran
5687:Bhabatosh Datta
5649:
5648:Literature and
5643:
5554:V. K. R. V. Rao
5529:Ghananand Pande
5499:Sumati Morarjee
5449:Rai Krishnadasa
5399:Rajeshwar Dayal
5362:
5273:D. K. Pattammal
5208:Lata Mangeshkar
5128:Bhupen Hazarika
5123:Gangubai Hangal
5108:Kumar Gandharva
5048:Kishori Amonkar
5031:
5029:Padma Vibhushan
5022:
4992:
4987:
4940:
4870:John Papaloizou
4865:Tim Palmer
4860:Bridget Ogilvie
4840:Alan MacDiarmid
4808:Keith Gull
4793:Roderick Flower
4709:
4696:
4666:
4661:
4599:
4591:
4588:(United States)
4582:(United States)
4566:
4561:Jack W. Szostak
4557:(United States)
4535:
4532:(United States)
4530:George E. Smith
4504:
4501:(United States)
4480:
4456:
4447:(United States)
4425:
4418:
4388:
4383:
4367:
4351:
4342:David MacMillan
4339:
4334:Jennifer Doudna
4327:
4311:
4295:
4279:
4270:Fraser Stoddart
4263:
4254:Paul L. Modrich
4247:
4231:
4215:
4203:
4195:
4190:Ei-ichi Negishi
4182:Richard F. Heck
4179:
4163:
4150:Osamu Shimomura
4147:
4139:
4131:
4115:
4099:
4087:
4071:
4058:William Knowles
4055:
4044:
4035:Alan MacDiarmid
4028:
4020:
4008:
3992:
3987:Richard Smalley
3976:
3963:Paul J. Crutzen
3960:
3952:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3904:
3888:
3879:Jean-Marie Lehn
3872:
3856:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3808:
3792:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3745:
3740:Vladimir Prelog
3733:
3725:
3713:
3697:
3689:
3681:
3669:
3661:
3645:
3637:
3632:Robert Woodward
3629:
3624:Dorothy Hodgkin
3621:
3609:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3509:
3497:
3486:
3474:
3469:William Giauque
3466:
3458:
3453:Robert Robinson
3450:
3437:James B. Sumner
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3384:Leopold RuĹľiÄŤka
3380:Adolf Butenandt
3377:
3369:
3357:
3349:
3337:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3317:Irving Langmuir
3314:
3302:
3294:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3202:Frederick Soddy
3199:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3146:
3138:
3129:Victor Grignard
3126:
3118:
3110:
3105:Wilhelm Ostwald
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3027:
3018:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2881:
2877:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2575:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2552:The Independent
2545:
2541:
2526:
2522:
2507:
2503:
2458:
2454:
2409:
2405:
2360:
2356:
2309:
2305:
2258:
2254:
2205:
2201:
2148:
2144:
2094:
2090:
2079:
2075:
2014:
2010:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1740:
1736:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1612:
1608:
1593:
1577:
1573:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1504:
1500:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1253:
1246:
1215:
1208:
1175:
1168:
1158:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1101:
1100:
1073:
1068:
1047:
1030:
977:of the cognate
887:Ohio University
849:Padma Vibhushan
787:
751:
649:Yale University
633:
610:Ohio University
510:
440:
426:Yale University
399:
373:Tomoyasu Tanaka
349:Ohio University
338:
333:Ohio University
301:
272:Padma Vibhushan
266:Knight Bachelor
254:
211:
184:
159:
156: 1975)
151:
147:
146:Vera Rosenberry
136:
107:
105:
104:
78:
66:
60:
55:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7646:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7424:
7416:
7408:
7404:Sir Paul Nurse
7400:
7392:
7383:
7381:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7369:Sir Aaron Klug
7365:
7357:
7349:
7341:
7333:
7325:
7317:
7309:
7301:
7293:
7285:
7277:
7269:
7261:
7253:
7245:
7237:
7229:
7221:
7213:
7204:
7202:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7186:
7178:
7170:
7162:
7154:
7146:
7138:
7130:
7122:
7114:
7106:
7098:
7094:Duke of Sussex
7090:
7086:Davies Gilbert
7082:
7074:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7047:
7039:
7031:
7023:
7015:
7011:Earl of Morton
7007:
6999:
6991:
6983:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6956:
6948:
6940:
6932:
6924:
6916:
6908:
6900:
6892:
6884:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6868:
6857:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6834:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6811:
6801:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6741:Lakshmi Mittal
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6695:Edmund Hillary
6692:
6686:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6669:Sister Nirmala
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6590:
6588:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6528:Palle Rama Rao
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6423:Charles Correa
6420:
6415:
6410:
6408:Norman Borlaug
6405:
6400:
6394:
6392:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6320:Nagendra Singh
6317:
6312:
6307:
6305:M. C. Setalvad
6302:
6297:
6295:Lakshmi Sahgal
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6215:Venkaiah Naidu
6212:
6207:
6202:
6200:Ajoy Mukherjee
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6155:Ali Yavar Jung
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6070:C. D. Deshmukh
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6050:P. N. Bhagwati
6047:
6042:
6037:
6035:Sikander Bakht
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6010:Aruna Asaf Ali
6007:
6002:
5996:
5994:
5993:Public affairs
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5950:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5852:Mahadevi Varma
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5742:O. N. V. Kurup
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5697:Mahasweta Devi
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5653:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5624:T. Swaminathan
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5599:Manmohan Singh
5596:
5591:
5589:Harbaksh Singh
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5539:T. V. Rajeswar
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5494:Brajesh Mishra
5491:
5489:M. G. K. Menon
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5434:Bhola Nath Jha
5431:
5426:
5421:
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5379:Naresh Chandra
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5248:Jasraj Motiram
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5213:Sonal Mansingh
5210:
5205:
5203:Kishan Maharaj
5200:
5195:
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5185:
5180:
5175:
5173:Bismillah Khan
5170:
5168:Allauddin Khan
5165:
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5160:
5158:Ali Akbar Khan
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4857:
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4805:
4800:
4798:Melvyn Greaves
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4768:Eleanor Dodson
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4349:
4337:
4325:
4309:
4302:Gregory Winter
4298:Frances Arnold
4293:
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4245:
4229:
4222:Michael Levitt
4218:Martin Karplus
4213:
4201:
4193:
4177:
4161:
4158:Roger Y. Tsien
4154:Martin Chalfie
4145:
4137:
4129:
4113:
4097:
4085:
4069:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4043:
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4031:Alan J. Heeger
4026:
4018:
4006:
3999:John E. Walker
3990:
3974:
3958:
3950:
3938:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3902:
3899:Hartmut Michel
3886:
3875:Donald J. Cram
3870:
3854:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3815:Roald Hoffmann
3806:
3799:Walter Gilbert
3790:
3778:
3770:
3767:Ilya Prigogine
3762:
3753:
3751:
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3736:John Cornforth
3731:
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3704:Stanford Moore
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3652:Ronald Norrish
3643:
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3607:
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3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3560:Alexander Todd
3555:
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3527:
3519:
3507:
3500:Edwin McMillan
3494:
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3472:
3464:
3456:
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3408:
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3360:Norman Haworth
3355:
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3255:
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3249:
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3213:
3205:
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3194:Walther Nernst
3189:
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3174:
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3152:
3144:
3136:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3089:Eduard Buchner
3084:
3076:
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3065:William Ramsay
3060:
3052:
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3017:
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2908:External links
2906:
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2472:(5): 721–732.
2452:
2403:
2374:(4): 557–572.
2354:
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2252:
2199:
2142:
2088:
2085:Google Scholar
2073:
2008:
1951:
1922:
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1890:Indian Express
1876:
1850:
1837:Times of India
1824:
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1656:Times of India
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1307:
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1206:
1187:(1): 422–426.
1166:
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1107:nobelprize.org
1070:
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1039:New York State
1029:
1026:
1024:(OM) in 2022.
786:
783:
759:European Union
750:
747:
725:Google Scholar
632:
629:
553:Donald O. Hebb
541:David E. Green
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7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7353:George Porter
7350:
7346:
7345:Andrew Huxley
7342:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7318:
7314:
7313:Howard Florey
7310:
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7241:J. J. Thomson
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7217:Lord Rayleigh
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7190:Joseph Lister
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7134:Edward Sabine
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7110:Earl of Rosse
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6995:Martin Folkes
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6865:Royal Society
6862:
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6776:J. R. D. Tata
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6756:M. Narasimham
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6433:Anil Kakodkar
6431:
6429:
6428:Satish Dhawan
6426:
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6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6387:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6375:S. M. Krishna
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6345:Sushma Swaraj
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6335:Soli Sorabjee
6333:
6331:
6330:Walter Sisulu
6328:
6326:
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6308:
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6228:
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6225:Govind Narain
6223:
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6210:Padmaja Naidu
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6055:Raja Chelliah
6053:
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5985:
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5979:Jaggi Vasudev
5977:
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5909:
5908:Balu Sankaran
5906:
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5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5883:Purshotam Lal
5881:
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5823:
5820:
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5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5802:C. Rangarajan
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5792:Amrita Pritam
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5782:R. K. Narayan
5780:
5778:
5777:Bal Ram Nanda
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
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5758:
5755:
5753:
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5717:Kaka Kalelkar
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5692:Avinash Dixit
5690:
5688:
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5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
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5654:
5652:
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5607:
5605:
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5597:
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5555:
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5527:
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5515:
5512:
5510:
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5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:Sam Manekshaw
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
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5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:Civil service
5365:
5359:
5358:K. J. Yesudas
5356:
5354:
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5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
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5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5228:Mario Miranda
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Birju Maharaj
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:Bhimsen Joshi
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:Zakir Hussain
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5118:Satish Gujral
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:Nandalal Bose
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5019:
5014:
5012:
5007:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4984:
4980:
4978:
4977:José Sarukhán
4974:
4972:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4926:Andrew Watson
4924:
4922:
4921:Karen Vousden
4919:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4881:
4878:
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4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
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4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
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4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
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4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4731:Mariann Bienz
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
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4718:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4703:Royal Society
4700:
4693:
4688:
4686:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4670:
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4655:
4653:
4650:
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4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
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4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
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4615:
4613:
4610:
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4605:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4580:Elinor Ostrom
4578:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4524:Willard Boyle
4522:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4491:
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4446:
4443:
4440:
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4434:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4379:
4375:
4374:Louis E. Brus
4371:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4347:
4346:Benjamin List
4343:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4323:
4322:Akira Yoshino
4319:
4315:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4286:Joachim Frank
4283:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4250:Tomas Lindahl
4246:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4227:
4226:Arieh Warshel
4223:
4219:
4214:
4211:
4210:Brian Kobilka
4207:
4202:
4199:
4198:Dan Shechtman
4194:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4175:
4174:Ada E. Yonath
4171:
4167:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4143:
4138:
4135:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4106:Avram Hershko
4103:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4082:Kurt WĂĽthrich
4079:
4078:Koichi Tanaka
4075:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3995:Paul D. Boyer
3991:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3947:Michael Smith
3944:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3928:
3923:
3920:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3907:Sidney Altman
3903:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3811:Kenichi Fukui
3807:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3708:William Stein
3705:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3657:
3656:George Porter
3653:
3649:
3648:Manfred Eigen
3644:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3592:Melvin Calvin
3588:
3585:
3584:Willard Libby
3580:
3577:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3541:
3536:
3533:
3532:Linus Pauling
3528:
3525:
3520:
3517:
3516:Richard Synge
3513:
3512:Archer Martin
3508:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3461:Arne Tiselius
3457:
3454:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3441:John Northrop
3438:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3285:Arthur Harden
3281:
3278:
3277:Adolf Windaus
3273:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3210:Francis Aston
3206:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3183:
3180:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3150:
3145:
3142:
3141:Alfred Werner
3137:
3134:
3133:Paul Sabatier
3130:
3125:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3081:Henri Moissan
3077:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2972:Royal Society
2965:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2791:
2785:
2770:on 5 May 2017
2769:
2765:
2759:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2679:
2673:
2657:
2651:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2609:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2574:
2567:
2561:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2399:
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2387:
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2377:
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2358:
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2338:
2334:
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2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1781:
1775:
1767:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1671:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1592:9781786074362
1588:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1568:
1562:
1554:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1531:
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1490:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1132:Anon (2015).
1128:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1033:professor at
1028:Personal life
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:phenylalanine
976:
971:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
946:
943:
941:
936:
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
799:
791:
782:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
746:
744:
743:
738:
737:
732:
731:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
628:
626:
622:
618:
615:
614:ferroelectric
611:
606:
604:
603:
598:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
505:
503:
499:
495:
492:(LMB) on the
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
451:
447:
443:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
406:
402:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
385:
381:
378:Academic work
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:
359:
357:
353:
350:
347:
345:
341:
334:
331:
329:
326:
323:
320:
319:
317:
313:
308:
304:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
261:
257:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
180:
177:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
143:
139:
133:United States
132:
129:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
101:
97:
92:
88:
85:
82:
76:
73:
70:
64:
58:
53:
50:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
7420:Adrian Smith
7411:
7380:21st century
7201:20th century
7078:Humphry Davy
7062:19th century
7051:Joseph Banks
7043:John Pringle
7035:James Burrow
7019:James Burrow
6979:Isaac Newton
6971:18th century
6920:Samuel Pepys
6904:John Hoskyns
6872:17th century
6639:U. N. Dhebar
6634:Mohan Dharia
6523:C. N. R. Rao
6513:Raja Ramanna
6389:Science and
6325:Swaran Singh
6310:Kalyan Singh
6300:P. A. Sangma
6260:Sharad Pawar
6245:K. Parasaran
6235:Hosei Norota
6160:Vijay Kelkar
6130:Arun Jaitley
6110:Zakir Husain
6000:L. K. Advani
5969:Ravi Shankar
5604:Tarlok Singh
5594:Kirpal Singh
5404:Basanti Devi
5394:Suranjan Das
5323:V. Shantaram
5318:Ravi Shankar
5313:Uday Shankar
5308:Zohra Sehgal
5298:Satyajit Ray
5193:R. K. Laxman
5133:M. F. Husain
4953:Denis Baylor
4913:
4891:
4884:
4874:
4822:
4773:Peter Dornan
4753:Michael Coey
4740:
4631:
4499:Barack Obama
4475:Herta MĂĽller
4438:
4306:George Smith
4186:Akira Suzuki
4165:
4142:Gerhard Ertl
4126:Yves Chauvin
4074:John B. Fenn
4062:Ryoji Noyori
4049:2001–present
4023:Ahmed Zewail
3983:Harold Kroto
3967:Mario Molina
3895:Robert Huber
3867:John Polanyi
3851:Jerome Karle
3787:Georg Wittig
3672:Derek Barton
3664:Lars Onsager
3616:Giulio Natta
3612:Karl Ziegler
3604:John Kendrew
3372:Richard Kuhn
3297:Hans Fischer
3113:Otto Wallach
3049:Emil Fischer
2982:Adrian Smith
2969:
2949:at Wikiquote
2923:
2885:
2878:
2865:
2856:
2844:. Retrieved
2840:the original
2833:
2823:
2811:. Retrieved
2807:
2798:
2784:
2772:. Retrieved
2768:the original
2758:
2746:. Retrieved
2738:
2729:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2686:
2672:
2660:. Retrieved
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2602:
2594:the original
2584:
2573:the original
2560:
2550:
2542:
2534:The Guardian
2533:
2523:
2514:
2504:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2161:
2155:
2145:
2104:
2098:
2091:
2076:
2025:
2021:
2011:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1888:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1862:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1836:
1827:
1802:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1774:
1760:
1743:
1737:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1664:
1655:
1646:
1619:
1609:
1581:
1574:
1553:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1493:the original
1486:
1477:
1425:
1419:
1409:
1397:
1389:the original
1349:
1345:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:
1283:. Retrieved
1259:
1222:
1219:Biochemistry
1218:
1184:
1178:
1139:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:the original
1106:
1058:
1050:
1035:Bard College
1031:
1019:
1008:
987:wobble" base
948:
944:
937:
930:
907:
876:
853:
834:
819:
804:
779:
752:
740:
734:
728:
722:
683:
664:
657:
651:. After his
634:
607:
600:
594:
572:
557:
526:
511:
483:
458:
457:
404:Institutions
390:Biochemistry
365: (1976)
361:
113:Madras State
84:Adrian Smith
79:Succeeded by
56:
18:
7443:1952 births
7297:Lord Adrian
7182:Lord Kelvin
6987:Hans Sloane
6960:Lord Somers
6912:Cyril Wyche
6819:WikiProject
6766:Azim Premji
6587:Social work
6498:I. G. Patel
6398:V. K. Aatre
6391:engineering
6315:Karan Singh
6275:N. G. Ranga
6270:Sri Prakasa
6170:V. N. Khare
5984:B. V. Doshi
5878:B. K. Goyal
5757:John Mathai
5634:Dharma Vira
5584:Arjan Singh
5579:Homi Sethna
5559:Bipin Rawat
5268:Ram Narayan
5263:Rajinikanth
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