Vaucluse House - Knowledge

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influential in Australian society. It is Australia's first "House Museum", an important example of rare and forward thinking, public "preservation" and recreational planning of the early 20th century. With its family provenanced collection it demonstrates the way of life of the Wentworths, their taste incorporated with the taste of their time, social standing and status. The property, but particularly the house, reflects a statement of where the Wentworths aspired to be, as opposed to where they were placed because of their family history (perception of Sarah and William Charles Wentworth's family convict origins by Sydney society). Extant buildings offer both "master and servant' perspectives on mid 19th century life. The financial effects of the 1849s depression in Australia are apparent through the incompleteness of the building. The building is an example of English Gothic Romanticism in Australia and reflects the aspirations of the Wentworths in asserting their social status. The Vaucluse Site is significant because it is an example of a designed "Picturesque" landscape, including fountain and shrubbery, of the colonial period belonging to a prominent colonial family; it contains remnants and features of a "gardened site" begun in 1804 and shows the development of gardening styles, taste and necessity over fifty years; and it has strong association with the Wentworth family such as the Mausoleum and

718:-Vaucluse Trust. Providing for the current needs took precedence over preservation and the ruins of the convict barracks, workers cottages, fences and stock shed were demolished. The Trust replaced the original gates in 1910–20 with four sets of gates. The square pillars and iron gates of the original Vaucluse Estate entrance were removed from Vaucluse Road near Nielsen Park and resited near the original driveway at the intersection of Wentworth Road and Olola Avenue. The house, although virtually empty, was open on weekends and holidays. In 1917 two towers were added to the eastern facade and the crenulations continued across the front facade to give a semblance of completeness. The character of the garden changed in detail more than layout'. In the 1920s further changes took place including the formalisation of the carriage circle with the removal of the Bunya Bunya Pine and construction of a grassed loop. By the mid 1920s almost all evidence of the Wentworth entry road had been lost and was replaced by Wentworth Road. Olola Avenue was built. Until this decade substantial areas of cleared land survived in the east and west. 1096:

macrocarpa 'Aurea'), stone pine (Pinus pinea), Monterey pine (Pinus radiata)(specimen is dead), paperbarks (Melaleuca quinquenervia)(several north of the creek), London plane (Platanus x acerifolia)(several), black bean (Castanospermum australe), lilly pilly (Syzygium sp.), silky oaks (Grevillea robusta), Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla), coastal banksia (B.integrifolia), black locust/false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), Queensland/macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia), Japanese cedar/tsugi (Cryptomeria japonica), hoop pines (Araucaria cunninghamii), kaffir plums (Harpephyllum caffrum)(2), common oak (Quercus robur), pin oak (Q.palustris)(several), Indiana bean tree (Catalpa bignonioides) and blue Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca'). The creek is lined with a number of bananas (Musa ensete/sp.) north of the pleasure garden. Rear (south) of the house are a few remnant red cedar trees (Toona ciliata)

1124:(travelling with her husband John, later settlers at Elizabeth Farm) enthusiastically described the beauty of its flora. Plants from Africa became immensely popular in colonial NSW for their hardiness as well as their beauty. 'Cape bulbs'—a group of flowering plants including freesias, gladioli and ixias—were collected avidly. In 1841 William Charles Wentworth displayed Nerine undulate, a Cape bulb, at Sydney's Floral and Horticultural (Society's) show. African plants in the garden include bleeding heart vine (Clerodendron thompsonae), Nile/African lily (Agapanthus praecox), bird-of-paradise flower (Strelitzia reginae), giant honey flower (Melianthus major), geraniums (Pelargonium spp. / cv.s), kaffir lilies (Clivia miniata), Belladonna lilies (x Amaryllis/Amarygia belladonna), Cape plumbago (P.capensis) and Cape honeysuckle (Tecomaria capensis). 822:

and trades. In autumn 2017 the works are almost completed, including the drawing room and the orientation rooms. The orientation room is being redesigned to enhance visitors' understanding of the site's complex history. The results will be unveiled in April 2017. This is a display, orientation and rest area for visitors. The ground floor room, which may have been Wentworth's estate office, has been redesigned to share stories of the site, from its enduring Aboriginal connections, its ownership by Sir Henry Browne Hayes and occupation by the Wentworth family to its transfer into public ownership and creation of a museum, including the important role played by Sydney Living Museums. The multi-layered display is a mix of bespoke joinery, interpretive panels and audiovisual components.

484:"It was then a mere waste of land until Sir Henry Hayes built a dwelling house upon it and cultivated a garden". This is how one observer described the Vaucluse improvements soon after Sir Henry Browne Hayes acquired 42 hectares (105 acres) in this isolated spot of Port Jackson. Naming the property after the village of Vaucluse in the south of France, he built a small cottage and in 1803 set about transforming his "mere waste of land", building two huts and outbuildings, clearing 20 hectares (50 acres) for agricultural uses and planting several thousand fruit trees. None of these survive. Hayes left the colony in 1812, his estate was bought by Captain John Piper in 1822, the newspapers describing it as "a small farm". Between 1813 and 1827 the estate passed through several hands. 702: 654:

agreement to John Hosking required him to keep "the park, gardens, orangeries, vineyard and buildings, fencing, hedges, ditches, gates, bridges, stiles, rails, poles, posts and drains in good and sufficient order". No mention is made of the fountain. There is also reference to gravel being rolled; from this it can be assumed that either the garden paths and /or the drive were gravelled. Bridges referred to would be of two types—vehicular for crossing the creek and pedestrian. From the available literature, pictorial information, sub-division plans and municipal maps of the Wentworth Estate it can be established that the garden and grounds were most characteristically the curtilage of an estate residence completed in the 1860s and reaching maturity in the 1880s.

1023:, kept with close-cut grass and cut edges. Gravel paths with brick edge drains contained the formal lawn and led into the shrubbery. It is probably that the original shrubbery was smaller than its present size, being made up of relatively low plants, therefore allowing the residence to command a view to the harbour. In this period it was considered desirable that a residence be elevated and command a view. It would appear that the basic layout of the shrubbery has not changed much though much of its period detailing has been lost. Details in photographs show low-clipped shrub edging to beds, cut grass edges, gravel paths with brick drains where necessary, climbing plants trained over wire frame arches and bamboo hand rails on the bridges. 1120:

and agricultural importance from the Portuguese settlement, all intended for future new penal colony in Sydney. Ornamental plants from South America were cultivated in the colony from the earliest years, as trading ships continued to ply the Rio-Cape Town-Port Jackson route. Examples include blue ginger (Dichorisandra thrysiflora), Brazilian plume flower (Justicia carnea), floss flower (Ageratum/ Eupatorium), flame creeper (Pyrostegia venusta), Mexican viper (Maurandya barclayana), sandpaper vine /purple wreath (Petraea volubilis), violet church (Iochroma cyanea), tree fuchsia, (F.arborescens), dahlias, snail vine (Phaesolus caracola), marvel-of-Peru (Mirabilis jalapa), heliotrope/cherry pie (Heliotropum peruvianum).

612:. This tree continues to thrive in the Vaucluse House pleasure garden. Vaucluse House and its furnishings were clearly intended to provide the correct social surroundings for Wentworth and his wife's immediate family of seven daughters and three sons. Sir Henry Browne Hayes' modest structure disappeared within the building fabric of the Wentworth's gothic mansion. The public areas were designed for effect and the Drawing and Dining Rooms, long hall and sweeping staircase was as fashionable as the Wentworth's taste would allow. Vaucluse House was never completed due to factors which included the 1840s depression and Wentworth's intentions for a full facade, bedroom additions and formal entrance are unrealised. 722:

bituminised, last remnants of the orchard and vineyard removed and the original entry drive disappeared. Wentworth's precious bushland to the west and east was subdivided. In the 1930s Depression there was much relief work activity in the park. Concrete paths were laid, stone walls contained the creek. Much work was done on the carriage loop including building stone walls, kerbing and arbours. An extensive rose garden was established in the central lawn. A rockery was formed around the bakery and the garden embellished with beds of azaleas, cannas, cinerarias and begonias—changing the 19th century estate into a 20th-century municipal park.

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entry drive is shown with young plants at regular intervals—possibly an avenue or the beginnings of a hedge. To the east of the drive is a clump of giant bamboo. Rebecca Martens' views of 1869 placed close to the photographs of the same view clearly show the character of the estate. Her view of the front of the residence shows a curving drive, front shrubbery and two dominant Araucarias. The side view of the eastern area outside the kitchen, shows the Norfolk Island hibiscus (Lagunaria patersonia) tree nearly as tall as the two storey building. A small tree outside the kitchen is probably the existing

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potential suitors to meet the Wentworth daughters, owing to Sarah Wentworth's social isolation. By 1853 when the original contents were sold before the Wentworth family's departure for Europe, the room contained furniture in Brazilian rosewood with crimson damask upholstery. Today the room contains a collection of copies of old master paintings acquired by the Wentworth family in Italy, including copies of Flora after Titian, a Penitent Magdalene after Guido Reni and a Madonna and Child after Murillo.

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relative intactness of form, interior space and detailing predating 1900. A large early Victorian garden and shrubbery, laid out to compliment a gothic revival house belonging to the family of the important colonial pioneer and politician W. C. Wentworth. There appears little early documentation of the garden but it can be presumed to have been designed to complement the mid-19th century additions to the house and to have been established by the 1860s. Vaucluse House was listed on the

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development (both visually and by the change of drainage patterns, etc.) and the methods of, and attitudes to grounds maintenance. The result is an enclosed suburban park rather than the curtilage of an estate residence. The house has a relative intactness of form, interior space and detailing predating 1900 such as the double water closet, wallpaper remnants and chimney pieces make the buildings an unusual survival of mid to late 19th century architecture, particularly G.

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gardeners until the Treaty of Nanjing of 1842 opened official trade channels. Despite difficulties of access, well-connected NSW gardeners were able to introduce Chinese plants early - either from England or directly from trading ports of Canton (Guangzhou), where foreign merchants were permitted from the mid-18th century, and the Portuguese outpost of Macao. Chinese plants in the garden include shell ginger (Alpinia zerumbet), plume poppy,

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the house and creek. On the western side of the walled courtyard are a reservoir and pump associated with the water supply to the 1861–62 first floor bathroom, dressing room and water closet attached to the rear of the bedroom wing. The stable is a two-storey building with stalls, carriage and tack rooms and fruit storage areas. The tearoom is a single storey timber and tile building constructed this century with adjacent stone terrace.

813:. There is also a strong possibility that the Wentworth kitchen garden had been Hayes's. Since the formation of the Friends of Vaucluse and subsequently, the Friends of the Historic Houses Trust, funds have been raised from events at the property to support its interpretation and presentation. These include new estate fencing ($ 8500), the annual Kitchen Garden Festival, "Up the Garden Path" talks, annual Carols by Candlelight and more. 1266:

modest structure disappeared within the building fabric of the Wentworth's gothic mansion. The public areas were designed for effect and the Drawing and Dining Rooms, long hall and sweeping staircase was as fashionable as the Wentworth's taste would allow. Vaucluse House was never completed due to factors which included the 1840s depression and Wentworth's intentions for a full facade, bedroom additions and formal entrance are unknown.

902: 836: 568:". He argued for political reform and liberalisation, advocating elected assembly for NSW, trial by jury and free settler emigration. Wentworth returned to NSW in 1824. In 1827 his father died and he inherited his property, making him one of the wealthiest men in the colony. Purchasing land in eastern Sydney, he built Vaucluse House. From the time of his grant of 150 hectares (370 acres) Wentworth began sub-dividing the land. 1431: 671:

years of relative neglect by tenants, and the present verandah with its Gothic Revival columns replaced an earlier flat roofed verandah. Use of the estate grounds extended to the harbour side Beach Paddock. The family introduced new plantings to the gardens and orchards and innovations in fencing shaped and formalised the approaches to the property. At this time the fountain on the front lawn was built.

1720: 469:. He built a small but charming cottage and several outbuildings. 20 hectares (50 acres) were cleared for agriculture and several thousand fruit trees were planted, none of which survive. Newspaper accounts describe it as a small but very charming farm. There is some warrant for the story that Hayes surrounded his property with turf from Ireland to keep out the snakes. In 1812 Hayes was pardoned by 1104:(M.grandiflora: S.USA)(2), Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata cv.: S. America), native weeping lily pilly (Waterhousia floribunda), poison bush (Akocanthera oppositifolia: S. Africa), native sweet pittosporum (P.undulatum), sweet bay/bay laurel (Laurus nobilis: Mediterranean) and Cook's pine (Araucaria columnaris: New Caledonia: a specimen on the lawn). 1274:, rails, poles, posts and drains in good and sufficient order". When the Wentworths returned briefly in 1861–62, many improvements were made to the pleasure grounds. The gothic revival iron verandah was built and fountain installed in the pleasure garden. Renovations were necessary after several years of relative neglect by tenants, and the present iron verandah with its Gothic Revival 579:. Wentworth and his wife Sarah Cox moved to the estate with their growing family in 1828, carrying out major building and ground works through 25 years of occupancy. By the 1830s the Wentworth family had made many visible improvements at Vaucluse, including turrets on the house, a sandstone stable in 1829 by architect George Cookney, a large kitchen wing and convict barracks. 1148:

autumn camellias (C.sasanqua cv.: China), butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii cv.s: China) and sage-leaved butterfly bush (B.salvifolia: S. Africa), Fuchsia microphylla, lasiandra (Tibouchina sp.: Brazil), Philodendron sp. (S. America), Paris daisy (Euryops pectinatus: S. Africa), Adam's needle/Spanish bayonet (Yucca gloriosa: Mexico), Tecoma stans (S. America) and more.

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distinct "specimens" to emphasise differences in foliage, flowers and form, the plants on show at Vaucluse House are examples of a period defined by prosperous ports, imperial politics, seafaring trade networks and exciting scientific discovery. This pleasure garden remains Sydney's most complete surviving example of the Gardenesque, over 150 years later.

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as a rubbish tip and then as a car park. It was decided to reinstate a kitchen garden there using heritage seeds imported from the Henry Doubleday Research Association in the UK via quarantine (basing it on varieties of vegetable and fruit that were available in the era of the Wentworths' occupation of the estate—1827–1853.

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The house is significant because of the large surviving collection of original documentary evidence pertaining to the house, its occupants and the existence of provenanced objects. The Vaucluse Site is significant because: The garden contains remnants of some native plantings now established, such as

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Vaucluse House's pleasure garden contains plants from the Americas. Rio de Janeiro was the First Fleet's second port-of-call travelling from England to New South Wales. In August 1787, Captain Phillip stocked up on cotton, coffee, cocoa, prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) and other crops of economic

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movements of 19th century horticulture - the Gardenesque. Developed by influential Scottish-born landscape designer John Claudius (J.C.) Loudon, the popular style was a response, in part, to the flood of exotic plants available to Victorian era gardeners. Displayed as geographically and aesthetically

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Stable area - The carriage loop before the stable remains, somewhat altered in size and shape. Intrusion of modern petty planting in the form of beds and edgings could be removed easily to regain the former character. Separated from the central lawn by a small shrubbery, edged with tecoma (containing

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PRINCIPAL BEDROOM In 1853 the principal bedroom contained a winged wardrobe, chest of drawers and marble washstand. The four-post bed has been hung with a reproduction of a glazed chintz c1860 known to have been used in another Gothic Revival house, Greenoaks at Darling Point. The bed has the typical

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In 1981 the property was transferred to the NSW Historic Houses Trust, who commenced work on a long-term conservation plan for the grounds. This was based on a study of the site's history, contemporary documentation such as paintings, sketches, family papers, photographs, and research on 19th century

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From the late 1870s the house was occupied by family, friends or caretakers. Wentworth died in England in 1872 and a public funeral was held in Sydney in 1873. Sarah and one of her daughters took up residence at Vaucluse during the slow completion of the Mausoleum in Chapel Road, returning to England

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plan by Higginbotham and Robinson (1889) which shows the fence pattern, outbuildings and entry road, gives a clear picture of the layout of the period. The sketch from the "Town and Country Journal" (1873) shows a well-established front shrubbery, fountain and a large Araucaria in the front lawn. The

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1930s – Depression era - much relief work activity in the park. Concrete paths laid, stone walls contained the creek. Much work was done on the carriage loop including building stone walls, kerbing and arbors. An extensive rose garden was established in the central lawn. A rockery was

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Mid 1920s – Kiosk, toilets, cottage and greenhouse (since demolished) built. The kiosk (now tearooms) was built, new concrete pedestrian bridges built over the creek, and the ground level around the western side of the stables was radically altered for footpaths. Original gravel paths

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The curtilage of Vaucluse House, as it exists today (1982), although still containing much of the original layout and essential qualities of an estate curtilage, has lost some important elements of the original. This has resulted from the erosion of the surrounding acreage, pressure from residential

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Shrubbery - at the further (northern or harbour) end of the lawn. An intimate area irregularly planned with intersecting paths, refinished as above, and oddly shaped beds. To the east originally lay a paddock and the entrance drive which, with the subdivision of the estate has been destroyed and the

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In winter 2016 the drawing room refurbishment got underway—what is considered to be one of the finest surviving colonial interiors in Australia - design and create new window furnishings, re-upholster the furniture including 5 Wentworth-provenanced chairs using authentic sources, traditional methods

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flame tree (Brachychiton acerifolium). Banana plants are also seen outside the kitchen and the carriage loop is less manicured than its present appearance. The iron estate fencing, seen later in this area and shown on the 1889 Higginbotham and Robinson plan, does not appear in the sketch. It appears

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In 1813 he, with Blaxland and Lawson, led an expedition that crossed the Blue Mountains, with four servants and an Aboriginal guide. As a reward W. C. Wentworth was granted another 400 hectares (1,000 acres). He continued to assist his father with his business activities, combining farming interests

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newspaper, purchased the 16-hectare (40-acre) estate from Captain John Piper. He consolidated the estate through an additional 150-hectare (370-acre) grant brought the harbourside estate to 208 hectares (515 acres). Wentworth used Vaucluse as a family home and as a setting to enhance his status as a

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considered Hayes "a restless, troublesome character" and was keen to move him 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from Sydney. So in 1803 Hayes was granted permission to purchase the land and house, which was originally granted to Thomas Laycock in 1793 and Robert Cardell in 1795. An avid admirer of the

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to Thomas Laycock in 1793, being 32 hectares (80 acres); 10 hectares (25 acres) granted to Robert Cardell in 1795; 16 hectares (40 acres) granted to Francis MacGlynn; and 150 hectares (370 acres) granted to William Wentworth. In 1803 the Irish convict Sir Henry Browne Hayes purchased Laycock's grant

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The Vaucluse Site is significant because it provides the opportunity to demonstrate the architectural and functional interdependence of house, estate buildings and landscape setting in a colonial rural estate and therefore enables an understanding of the social and cultural values of the owners and

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As at 31 May 2000, Vaucluse House was one of the few 19th century houses on Sydney Harbour retaining a significant part of its original estate setting. One distinguishing surviving characteristic of the 19th century estate is its careful division into specific areas, both functional and ornamental,

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1910–20 – The Trust replaced the original gates with four sets of gates. The square pillars and iron gates of the original Vaucluse Estate entrance were removed from Vaucluse Road near Nielsen Park and resited near the original driveway at the intersection of Wentworth Road and Olola

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In 1900 – the contents of the house were auctioned, and the house remained unoccupied until 1911. Then some 28 acres (9ha) including house and garden, were resumed by the NSW Government for use as a public reserve. Providing for the current needs took precedence over preservation and

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Adjacent to the scullery are the dairy and larder. To the south is a building identified in 1853 as a store. The cottage layout suggests it was used originally as a house. A guardhouse is attached to, and post dates, the north-western corner of the courtyard wall. The laundry is immediately west of

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These were planted in the new kitchen garden in time for the first Kitchen Garden Festival which was held in March 2000. A variety of fruit trees were also planted including Moorpark apricots, Greengage plums, pomegranates (Punica granatum) and various types of apples. The garden today (2010) grows

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Property staff undertook research to find out whether vegetable seeds from the era were available in Australia and if there were any references to preferred varieties at Vaucluse House estate. In 1830 it was reported that "in this garden there grows the most delicious fruit in the colony". A number

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From 1999 under the direction of curatorial adviser Dr James Broadbent and head gardener Dave Gray prepared a conservation policy for a small plot of land adjacent to the house's kitchen wing. Since the early 20th century the site of the original kitchen garden at Vaucluse House had been used first

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When the Wentworths returned briefly in 1861–62, many improvements were made to the pleasure grounds. The gothic revival iron verandah was built and fountain installed in the pleasure garden. The Wentworths returned with advanced European tastes. Renovations at Vaucluse were necessary after several

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in 1843, a rather dynamic time in Australian politics. Wentworth chaired a committee formed to draft a new constitution for NSW. The democrats and radicals accused him of attempting to create a "bunyip aristocracy" that gave voting rights to the wealthy land owners and squatter class in the colony.

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The Vaucluse Site is significant because the grounds, including the Beach Paddock, Tearooms and South Paddock stairs have provided a significant community recreational facility developed by Trustees for local residents and visitors since 1910. The grounds have provided work for the local community

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Vaucluse House is significant because of its association with the Wentworth family and their aspirations. It has a large collection of surviving original documentary evidence relating to the house, its contents and occupants. There are a number of extant buildings and gardens and the house retains

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1920s – Changes to garden and carriage circle formalised with the removal of the Bunya Bunya Pine and construction of a grassed loop. By the mid 1920s almost all evidence of the Wentworth entry road had been lost and was replaced by Wentworth Road. Olola Avenue was built. Until this

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7 August 1827 – William Wentworth purchased the estate. Wentworth added adjacent lands, gained by grant and purchases up to a total of 515 acres (208ha), his estate stretching from the Macquarie Lighthouse on South Head to the eastern heights of Rose Bay. Wentworth carried out major

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Large shrubs in this shrubbery area include Cotoneaster sp. (China), Angel's trumpets (Brugmansia cv.s: S. & C. America)), bamboos (Arundinaria spp., Asia), lily-flowered magnolia (M.liliflora "Nigra", China), Viburnum odoratissimum (China), Camellia japonica cv.s (several, all double: China),

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Plants from Asia, and especially China, have had some of the greatest impact on the character of Sydney gardens. At Vaucluse House a significant collection of 19th century Camellia cultivars is the most obvious Chinese inheritance. China's horticultural treasures were largely unfamiliar to Western

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in the grounds' north-east and lines Olola Avenue's edge), cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi), two clumps of ornamental bamboo (Arundinaria sp./cv.), near the Vaucluse Bay beach a clump of giant bamboo (Bambusa balcooa), Hill's figs (Ficus microphylla 'Hillii'), golden Monterey cypress (Cupressus

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The Central lawn - extending from the verandah to the shrubbery, embellished with a fine Victorian fountain, surrounded by a path. Views back to the house, over the rest of the garden and (partially obscured) to the harbour. Ground basin of fountain unsympathetically remodelled; brick edged gravel

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KITCHEN The kitchen is at the centre of the large two-storey service wing, constructed in 1829. As in most colonial houses, the service wing was a separate building to distance the risk of fire from the main house. Here the cook and her staff prepared all meals for family, guests and servants. The

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retaining a significant part of its original setting. One distinguishing surviving characteristic of the 19th century estate is its careful division into specific areas, both functional and ornamental, such as pleasure garden, kitchen garden, rear service yard, paddocks, carriageway, creek, estate

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for use as a public reserve. In 1910 the preservation of Vaucluse House was assured by Government resumption of the present estate of approximately 4.0 hectares (10 acres). The Department of Lands was apparently charged with establishing a public recreation ground at Vaucluse. The house and estate

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In 1867, a very dry year for Sydney, the fire brigade was called to a fire at Vaucluse House: at this time the estate was said to be in the care of Wentworth's servants. Fire just penetrated the garden but the brigade prevented it reaching the house or destroying the garden. The pictorial material

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2000 – kitchen garden re-created west of the creek, based on 19th century documentary and garden practise research, in an area adjacent to the wash house, across from the service courtyard of the house, and a small part of the original grid of orchards, vegetable plots and vineyard

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stable in 1829 by architect George Cookney, a large kitchen wing and convict barracks. Vaucluse House and its furnishings were clearly intended to provide the correct social surroundings for Wentworth and his wife Sarah's immediate family of seven daughters and three sons. Sir Henry Browne Hayes'

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The garden contains remnant indigenous plantings, 19th century bush, the original principal path and drive layouts as well as its relationship with the harbour. The remains of the 19th Century garden however, are confined almost totally to the eastern side of the stream dividing the reserve. This

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Park/pasture land outside the core garden and immediate house surrounds consisting of scattered tree groups in rough grass. This zone has been lost to a certain extent through the diminishing size of the estate, change in maintenance practices, and incursion of the shrubbery areas into what would

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LITTLE TEA ROOM The little tea room's joinery suggests that it was one of Wentworth's first additions to the house after 1828. It has been furnished to reflect its use as a small informal sitting room. Cool in summer, with French doors opening onto the eastern verandah, in winter the room's small

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was commissioned by the Historic Houses Trust to carry out a study of the Vaucluse House grounds. The aim was to trace their development from their beginnings to the present. Historic research undertaken by the Trust's researcher, Joy Hughes also informed this work. They study divided the history

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The garden also contains plants from Africa. Cape Town, with its famous central garden established by the Dutch East India Company, was final port-of-call for most ships plying the Indian Ocean route from Britain to NSW. When the Second Fleet sopped at the Cape in April 1790, Elizabeth Macarthur

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DRAWING ROOM The drawing room was formed partly within the walls of Sir Henry Browne Hayes original stone cottage and completed in 1847. The floral wallpaper border, plaster cornice, Italian marble fire surround and cast iron grate are all original. The drawing room was intended as a setting for

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The pleasure garden inside the estate fencing is richly planted with species from the 19th century, including a shrubbery area, a border of trees and shrubs lining the eastern side of a long lawn between the house and the beach (originally, now Olola Avenue). Lining this border are major trees

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In March 1853 the family sold most of the contents of the house by auction and moved to Europe. In December the house and 66 hectares (163 acres) within the fences was leased to John Hosking for three years. When they left for England in 1854, the estate was well established. The 1854–56 lease

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North of the house and flanking the western side of the shrubbery to the creek are a large number of tall mature palms and emergent trees, including Lord Howe Island palms (Kentia fosteriana), bangalow/piccabeen palms (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana), cabbage tree palms (Livistona australis),

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and cupboards date from c1845 while the dining table and chairs (with their embossed Spanish leather upholstery) may have been part of a consignment of furniture sent from Europe in 1859. The floor of mid-19th century Italian glazed tiles is unusual and possibly a concession to the Australian

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when it was declared a historic site under the National Parks and Wildlife Act of 1967. Over 200 indigenous trees were replanted and refurbishment of the house interiors was announced in 1978. The Trustees maintained their position until 1980 when the property became the responsibility of the

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March 1853 – the family sold most of the contents of the house by auction and moved to Europe. In December the house and 163 acres within the fences was leased to John Hosking for three years, a lease agreement requiring him to keep "the park, gardens, orangeries, vineyard and

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In the 1920s the house was opened to the public and great changes began in its grounds. The kiosk (now tearooms) was built, new pedestrian bridges built over the creek, and the ground level around the western side of the stables was radically altered for footpaths. Original gravel paths were

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Vaucluse House was the family home of William Charles and Sarah Wentworth and their family, mainly from 1827 to 1853, and as such reflects the aspirations of a prominent political figure in mid 19th century NSW. It was during this period that Wentworth was arguably at his most prominent and

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Major characteristics of the grounds were the distinct precincts, or zones, within which specific uses occurred, varying types of maintenance applied to separate zones, dominant plants found in the grounds, detailing characteristic of the period, and the rural character of the surroundings.

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BREAKFAST ROOM The breakfast room is in part of the house built from 1837 to 1840. Most large colonial houses had a second dining room for informal family use. The decorative paint scheme by the firm Lyon, Cottier & Co dates from the 1880s while the carved oak furniture was purchased by

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the estate backdrop was native forest occurring on the ridges and steeply sloping valley sides. This vegetation has suffered through the increase in residential development in the valley. All that remains of the once abundant native vegetation is the narrow band of vegetation along Olola

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Although Wentworth was a prominent and important figure in colonial politics, he was never welcomed into the Sydney "exclusives" club. Initially Wentworth identified himself with the cause of the emancipists and native-born Australians, establishing the first non-government newspaper,

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CHILDREN’S ROOM The nursery was probably used for the four youngest Wentworth children aged between five and 12 years in 1853. The room is furnished as a typical children's room of the mid-19th century with children's furniture and toys. The metal beds are hung with gauze mosquito

927:

BUTLER’S PANTRY The pantry was an office strategically located for the head of the household staff to oversee activities in the house and arrivals at the property. Here lamps were cleaned, refuelled and wicks trimmed; and china, glass and silverware cleaned polished and

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The Wentworths returned to England in 1862, the estate being occupied by various agents, relations and members of the immediate family. Visitors have enjoyed the spectacular display of the climber Wisteria sinensis on the house's verandah every spring since 1862.

1144:, (introduced into Sydney by Alexander Macleay at Elizabeth Bay) orange jessamine / sweet box (Murraya paniculata), confederate rose (Hibiscus mutabilis), butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii), fried egg plant (Gordonia axillaris) and "Safrano" rose, (R. 'Safrano'). 754:

into eight chronological periods, derived from phases of ownership, major events and periods when a substantial amount of information was available. The current (1982) archaeological investigations filled out some gaps in knowledge about the property's history.

1214:

As at 17 March 2015 the physical condition was good; and the archaeological potential was low to medium. Sir Henry Browne Hayes's Vaucluse Cottage still exists (vestibule, little tea room, east end of the dining room, stone walls within the drawing room, the

1252:

180 – the Irish convict Sir Henry Browne Hayes purchased Laycock's grant and a grant adjacent to it. Hayes erected a small cottage, two huts and outbuildings, cleared 50 acres (20ha) for agricultural uses and planting several thousand fruit

1404:

The house is a rare example of a 19th-century marine villa with some extant buildings. The garden is a rare extant example of a garden belonging to a 19th-century mansion adjacent to the harbour which has not been entirely subdivided and which substantial

1036:

Gardens are mentioned in some of the literature pertaining to the property. These are likely to have been kitchen (vegetable) gardens. The only documentary evidence is an 1830 diagram and the cultivation lines noticeable in the 1931, 1951 and 1978 aerial

1168:, most windows being 12 pane type and doors of six panels. The roofs are slate and galvanised iron. Sir Henry Browne Hayes's Vaucluse Cottage still exists (vestibule, little tea room, east end of the dining room, stone walls within the drawing room, the 1196:

pieces and Pompeii tiles to the hall floor. The main complex comprises two connecting two storey and one three storey building which contain reception rooms, halls, guest bedrooms, family rooms and bedrooms, servants quarters and the service wing.

817:

celebrated 100 years of Vaucluse House as a museum with a free open day on Sunday, 11 October 2015, including demonstrations of traditional needlework techniques and a display of rare treasures from William Charles Wentworth's personal collection.

1278:

replaced an earlier flat roofed verandah. Use of the estate grounds extended to the harbour side Beach Paddock. The family introduced new plantings to the gardens and orchards and innovations in fencing shaped and formalised the approaches to the

641:, who had one of his constitutional drafts serve as the basis for a colonial government granted by London, was a member of the Legislative Council, who was an active player in the improvement of education and was involved in the establishment of 920:

CELLARS The two-roomed cellars were used for the cool storage of food and wine. The inner room retains its arched brick bins for bottled wine while hooks for hanging salted and cured meats survive on the original lath and plaster

1090:

Plant material in the parkland "estate" outside the estate fencing includes major trees of camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia)(several), brush box (Lophostemon confertus)(this species lines the

1260:

1828 – Major additions to the house, including turrets, a large kitchen wing and convict barracks. By the 1830s the Wentworth family had made many visible improvements, including turrets on the house, a

1294:

1917 – two towers were added to the eastern facade and the crenellations continued across the front facade to give a semblance of completeness. The character of the garden changed in detail more than

693:

in 1875 to visit family. Sarah only returned to Australia briefly. Even after William's death in 1872, Sarah and unmarried daughter Eliza continued an active lifelong interest in the property, even from abroad.

636:

Wentworth regarded Vaucluse House as an estate—a private residence with outbuildings. Several outbuildings remain and their function can be easily identified. It acted as a base for a man who helped form the

1333:

1996 – large Moreton Bay fig between house and tea rooms was removed due to branch drop and poor condition. Cuttings from a branch were propagated and a new tree has been put back to replace

968:

FITZWILLIAM’S ROOM IN THE HALL Vaucluse House was left incomplete in the mid-1840s and the large open upper hall was partitioned by cupboards to create a bedroom for Wentworth's second son, Fitzwilliam.

392:

Vaucluse House is a 19th-century estate with house, kitchen wing, stables and outbuildings, surrounded by 11 hectares (28 acres) of formal gardens and grounds located on the south-eastern shores of

789:

are still found in local greengrocers today. Rarities include root crops salsify and scorzonera (vegetable oyster), both like thin parsnips. The rhubarb variety "Victoria" has green not red stems.

961:

SECOND ROOM The second room, as it was called in 1853, was a private family sitting room. The fireplace and grate are original. Furniture has been acquired based on an 1853 inventory of the house.

1138:, colonial secretary of New South Wales from the 1820s-30s, and gardener at Elizabeth Bay House), Camellia japonica cv.s, azaleas (Rhododendron indicum cv's), Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata), 1027:

have been parkland. However, with the proximity of residential development and its impact on the curtilage of the residence, some of these developments provide useful screening to the house;

1108:

Californian desert/fan palms (Washingtonia robusta), native frangipani (Hymenosporum flavum), soft tree ferns (Cyathea sp.), Bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii), hoop pine (A.cunninghamii).

1068:

paths re-edged with concrete and resurfaced with asphalt. Bounded on west by an impressive mature planting of magnolias, araucarias and palms well underplanted with ferns, cliveas etc.,

938:

DINING ROOM The dining room is hung with family portraits in keeping with early 19th-century practice. The oak furniture belonged to the Wentworth family. The fine Gothic Revival

2451: 709:

In 1900 the contents of the house were auctioned, and the house remained unoccupied until 1911. Then some 11 hectares (28 acres) including house and garden, were resumed by the

1303:

were bitumenised, last remnants of the orchard and vineyard removed and the original entry drive disappeared. Wentworth's precious bushland to the west and east was subdivided.

1033:

the Orangery for which a location has not been identified. Correspondence found by Mrs Joy Hughes indicates this orangery may have been in what is now called the South Paddock.

1307:

formed around the bakery and the garden embellished with beds of azaleas, cannas, cinerarias and begonias—changing the 19th century estate into a 20th-century municipal park.

924:

HOUSEKEEPER’S ROOM The housekeeper's room was the centre of domestic operations. The housekeeper was responsible for linen and the supervision of female domestic servants.

917:

DAIRY AND LARDER The dairy (for milk, butter and cheese preparation) and larder (for food storage) reflect the operation of Vaucluse as a self-sufficient colonial estate.

1310:

During the 20th century – a number of typically characteristic and dominant plants have been removed from the grounds, the most important of these being:

1164:

and iron verandah posts. The verandah returns on three sides of the bay windowed front which has French windows with louvered shutters. The rear wings enclose a small

982:

MISS WENTWORTH’S ROOM Miss Wentworth's room was named for the eldest unmarried Wentworth daughter. In 1853 it was shared by Sarah Eleanor and Eliza Sophia Wentworth.

777:

of seed-saving organisations provided old varieties and in many cases also gave the date on which these were first introduced into Australia. The Diggers Club in

762:

Several 20th century mature palms from front garden (public reserve) near the "approach road" (drive) and sandstone piers were removed, sold for replanting,

1045:

During this (20th) century a number of typically characteristic and dominant plants have been removed from the grounds, the most important of these being:

792:

Sir Henry Browne Hayes's Vaucluse Cottage still exists (vestibule, little tea room, east end of the dining room, stone walls within the drawing room, the

1382:

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

1327:

1940s – Walled enclosure around store and west of kitchen built. Further additions and alterations were made in the period up until 1966.

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approximately 90 varieties of vegetables, some of which have survived in Australia for over a century. Many such as Musselburgh leeks, Cos lettuce and

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and a grant adjacent to it. Hayes erected a cottage and other buildings. He named the property Vaucluse, probably after the Italian poet Petrarch's

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since the early 19th century and reflected major social changes such as the 1930s depression. It provides extensive free access to the waterfront.

2597: 1189:. There is also a strong possibility that the Wentworth kitchen garden had been Hayes's. The interior contains much fine Georgian cedar joinery, 728:

Further additions and alterations were made in the period up until 1966. In 1968 responsibility for the house and grounds was transferred to the

4256: 1373:

The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

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The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

1030:

vineyard and orchard. The positions of these have been generally identified from 1880s photographs and by a local resident, Mr. C.V. Nathan.

3740: 3644: 1785: 608:, in 1836. From the 1850s onwards it is listed for sale in nurseries such as the Darling Nursery, Sydney and Guilfoyle's Exotic Nursery in 1396:

a c.1950 Norfolk Island Hibiscus and a c.1859 Port jackson Fig. The Olola Avenue perimeter retains remnants of the indigenous vegetation.

4175: 1156:

Vaucluse House is a large Gothic style residence built around a much smaller 1805 house* in stages until the 1860s. It has crenellated

1063:

garden may be considered in three parts: 1) the lawn before the house; 2) the shrubbery, and 3) the carriage loop before the stables.

4246: 3070: 3030: 2418:"Australia's Greatest Native Son" (summary of a talk by Andrew Tink on the life and times of W.C.Wentworth to the KCHS on 25/7/2014) 3700: 3660: 1454: 1449: 729: 374: 189: 3796: 2901: 2459: 1705: 1700: 1353: 540:, where D'Arcy became a prosperous land owner. In 1802 William Charles was sent to England to be educated. On his return in 1810 386: 266: 237: 2569: 585:' 1840 sketch from Vaucluse Bay shows a clear view to the residence and what appears to be a well-established climber (possibly 4296: 4271: 3144: 2724: 1748: 3871: 2455: 2260:

Report on the Archaeological Investigations in 1983 - The Conservation of the Gardens & Grounds of Vaucluse House, Sydney

931:

FAMILY HISTORY ROOM In 1900 this room was used as a library. Today it houses an exhibition of the Wentworth family's history.

3911: 3134: 3010: 2646: 746: 2098: 1348:

such as pleasure garden, kitchen garden, rear service yard, paddocks, carriageway, creek, estate backdrop, beach paddock.

1330:

1966 – Wisteria removed from over the front verandah and replaced with hardier variety. Gardens formalised.

552:. On 15 October 1810 Wentworth rode his father's horse to victory in the first official horse race on Australian soil, in 3149: 2990: 2590: 2331: 626: 1076:

the remains of the original iron estate fencing and containing a large Ficus and good planting of camellias, dietes etc.

701: 4301: 4165: 3839: 2959: 564:. While there he wrote a book published in London in 1818 "A Statistical, Historical and Political Description of the 4276: 4251: 2667: 2547: 2529: 2506: 1012:

Main entry area - directly east of the residence: this is essentially a functional space for arrival and circulation;

883: 477:

where he lived another 20 years. Ownership of the property became uncertain until it was acquired in 1822 by Captain

1100:

including a Port Jackson fig (Ficus rubiginosa), African yellow wood (Afrocarpus falcatus), evergreen magnolia/bull

865: 4185: 3943: 3626: 3025: 2934: 2750: 2340: 638: 625:

After a number of re-drafts a democratic constitution was accepted and responsible government formed, although the

507: 1360:

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

2939: 2823: 2720: 857: 512: 3756: 3708: 2970: 2583: 1400:

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

861: 605: 4096: 4031: 3847: 3310: 2793: 1222:

little drawing room located on its former terrace), although completely engulfed by Wentworth's additions of

1175:

little drawing room located on its former terrace), although completely engulfed by Wentworth's additions of

799:

little drawing room located on its former terrace), although completely engulfed by Wentworth's additions of

710: 621: 478: 454: 430: 382: 4145: 4140: 3887: 3371: 113: 3905: 3812: 3804: 3210: 3050: 2814: 1444: 532:

and former Irish convict mother, Catherine Crowley. He spent his early years on the island, returning to

366: 79: 725:

A Friends of Vaucluse House group formed well before the formation of the Historic Houses Trust of NSW.

4286: 4215: 4200: 4170: 3295: 2657: 1695: 2784: 1072:

levels altered. The area now had mature planting but of no particular value to the historic landscape.

429:, France. Vaucluse was leased until 1814. It was left vacant after this except for a year's rental to 4281: 4190: 4180: 3280: 3255: 2944: 2740: 2734: 2680: 1111:

The pleasure garden with its expansive lawns and shrubbery of exotic curiosities replaces one of the

781:

and Eden Seeds in NSW supplied as many as 33 varieties of vegetable seed listed in early catalogues.

680: 576: 565: 503: 358: 354: 90: 4135: 4110: 3542: 3336: 3250: 2924: 2772: 2278:"The excavation of a trench to determine the location of a carriageway at Vaucluse House, Vaucluse" 846: 642: 2466: 1727: 689:

that the drive and pasture areas were fenced earlier and the fencing around the house came later.

560:

with sandalwood trading in the South Pacific, before returning to England in 1816 to study law at

4155: 4130: 4007: 3676: 3619: 3527: 3469: 3407: 3139: 3000: 2929: 2778: 2652: 1793: 850: 458: 914:

SCULLERY The scullery is where washing up was done. Dirty water was emptied into the slop drain.

4023: 3959: 3831: 3599: 3464: 3300: 2637: 1422: 593: 2462:

published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under

737:

garden practises in Australia. Today, Vaucluse House is one of the few 19th century houses on

629:

remained unelected. Wentworth also had a proposed plan to purchase the entire south island of

4195: 4058: 3692: 3537: 3512: 3381: 2705: 2695: 2606: 2426: 2296:

The management of trees of historical significance', in Our Gardens, issue 51, Summer 2011/12

1885: 1161: 814: 155: 1723:

Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under

4081: 3879: 3684: 3652: 3356: 2889: 2642: 2521: 2391:'Covered in Crimson - the refurbishment of the drawing room at Vaucluse House is under way' 1378:

their period. It provides an appropriately scaled setting for an important historic house.

572: 561: 422: 48: 965:

arrangement of three mattresses filled with straw, horsehair and feathers (bottom to top).

8: 4210: 3983: 3788: 3517: 3402: 3351: 3107: 1459: 1436: 1236:. There is also a strong possibility that the Wentworth kitchen garden had been Hayes's. 778: 529: 769:

to recover a partial view from the house to Vaucluse Bay—this included some casuarinas.

3991: 3967: 3927: 3612: 3567: 3428: 3095: 3035: 2838: 2710: 2617: 2357: 1101: 445: 437: 370: 311: 225: 645:

and was Chair for the Select Committee that drafted the 1854 constitutional document.

571:

Wentworth's total estate was 208 hectares (515 acres); his estate stretching from the

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received the Yulan magnolia (M.denudata), a small tree from south-eastern China, at

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climate. The chimney piece is of marble from Marulan in southern New South Wales.

662: 545: 441: 362: 98: 2102: 4150: 4050: 3935: 3557: 3433: 3397: 3376: 3366: 3326: 3275: 3179: 3060: 3055: 2980: 2895: 2871: 2745: 2730: 2632: 2463: 2287:"Archaeological Investigations of the outbuildings at Vaucluse House, Vaucluse" 2230: 2196: 1724: 1291:

Avenue. The house, although virtually empty, was open on weekends and holidays.

582: 525: 2242:'A Romantic Landscape - Vaucluse House', 'In Good Hands' & 'Working Smart' 345:

residence, colonial farm and country estate and now tourist attraction, house

4240: 4205: 3975: 3748: 3716: 3552: 3423: 3361: 3240: 3164: 3129: 3124: 3089: 3040: 3015: 2995: 2975: 2844: 2829: 2799: 2622: 2481: 135: 122: 2233:"Vaucluse House draft conservation plan: January 1995; revised January 1996" 1338:(since lost to carpark and lawns in north-western corner of current estate). 3547: 3532: 3497: 3438: 3346: 3290: 3260: 3194: 3184: 3020: 2911: 2700: 738: 715: 549: 397: 393: 2436:(Open) Letter to Tim Duddy, Chairman, Friends of Historic Houses Trust Inc 4086: 3724: 3474: 3331: 3270: 3265: 3245: 3189: 3174: 3169: 3159: 2919: 2766: 2715: 2690: 2685: 2348:

Mather, Ingrid (andscape Architect, NSW Public Works Department) (1982).

2214: 630: 2575: 2232: 2223: 2215:"'The reconstruction of the kitchen garden at Vaucluse House' (article)" 3999: 3562: 3507: 3225: 2627: 1299:

decade substantial areas of cleared land survived in the east and west.

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Stuart Read, pers.comm., 16 August 2009; origins added 14 January 2017

1283:

the ruins of the convict barracks, workers cottages, fences and stock

30: 3855: 3572: 3341: 3154: 1262: 1165: 939: 685: 2284: 901: 835: 3951: 2484:(February 2011). "George Cookney (1799–1876): Colonial Architect". 2450: 1112: 1092: 1020: 714:

were first managed by an Honorary Board of Trustees as part of the

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style, its design was attributed to W. C. Wentworth and built by

2322: 657: 1313:

two Araucaria pines (in the front park and along Olola Avenue);

1190: 1049:

two Araucaria pines (in the front park and along Olola Avenue);

597:) 25–30 years old and probably planted in the pre-1827 period. 533: 498:

On 27 August 1827 William Charles Wentworth who, together with

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in 1802 for kidnapping the daughter of a wealthy Irish banker.

346: 94: 1430: 1719: 1271: 2338: 2231:

Bravery, Suzanne; Broadbent, James; Burke, Sheridan (1996).

911:

dresser, food safe and cast iron cooking range are original.

2397: 2341:"'From across the seas: the Gardenesque at Vaucluse House'" 1284: 2180:

Survey of Gardens in NSW - National Trust, Broadbent, 1981

2101:. Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales. Archived from 510:, and a barrister, author and co-editor, and publisher of 1981: 1356:

on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

1015:

The core garden, or pleasure garden—leading out from the

2399: 2286: 2277: 1257:

building and ground works through 25 years of occupancy.

2239: 396:. The house is one of the few 19th-century houses near 400:

retaining a significant part of its original setting.

2406: 2400:"Vaucluse House Garden Development (curtilage study)" 2320: 1770:

Thompson, Courtney (April 2021). "Meet the Maddens".

1270:

buildings, fencing, hedges, ditches, gates, bridges,

1008:

Eight distinct zones occur in the original property:

353:

and his family. It is located at 69a Wentworth Road,

1412: 548:, granting him 710 hectares (1,750 acres) along the 365:, Australia. Completed between 1803 and 1839 in the 2194: 2067:

Lindsay, 2017, botanical names added by Stuart Read

1897:

Mather, 1982, 5–6, plant names added by Stuart Read

696: 2305:The Kitchen Garden at Vaucluse House, ten years on 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2131: 2129: 2049: 2047: 2037: 2035: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2011: 2009: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1905: 1903: 373:and W. C. Wentworth. The property is owned by the 1917: 1915: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1854: 1852: 1833: 1831: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1079:The kitchen garden - west of the (1–3) recreated 4238: 2269:Progress Report Nos 1–3 Vaucluse House, Vaucluse 349:and public park, formerly the home of statesman 2515: 2174: 2156: 2138: 2126: 2117: 2091: 2044: 2032: 2018: 2006: 1997: 1988: 1974: 1960: 1951: 1942: 1933: 1924: 1900: 2480: 2454:This Knowledge article contains material from 1912: 1861: 1849: 1840: 1828: 1808: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1249:1803 – Cottage built by Browne. 2591: 2496: 2350:'The Vaucluse House Gardens - a Reassessment' 2311: 2285:Edward Higginbotham & Associates (1990). 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1500: 658:Subsequent occupation by the Wentworth family 2501:. Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales. 2362:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2266: 2257: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 487: 2424: 2312:Griffin, Robert; Hughes, Joy, eds. (2006). 2251:'Old tricks to help restore historic house' 1319:two Magnolias to the west of the residence; 1086:on the site of the original kitchen garden. 1055:two Magnolias to the west of the residence; 864:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2598: 2584: 2371:National Trust of Australia (NSW) (1981). 1971:Scott Carlin, pers.comm., 22 December 2010 1243: 935:Fitzwilliam Wentworth in England in c1872. 4262:Historic house museums in New South Wales 2605: 2248: 2079:Read, Stuart, pers.comm., 14 January 2017 1477: 884:Learn how and when to remove this message 757: 730:NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service 679:available for this period, including the 453:, Hayes named the house after Petrarch's 436:The original Vaucluse House was built by 4267:Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales 3701:The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole 2388: 2379: 2329: 2275: 1769: 1706:Department of Planning & Environment 1455:List of historic homesteads in Australia 1450:Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales 995: 900: 700: 661: 620:, to agitate for reform. He entered the 575:on South Head to the eastern heights of 375:Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales 4292:New South Wales State Heritage Register 3797:The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce 2460:New South Wales State Heritage Register 2339:Lindsay, Amelia; Curran, Helen (2017). 2221: 2212: 2041:Stuart Read, pers.comm., 16 August 2009 1701:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1354:New South Wales State Heritage Register 387:New South Wales State Heritage Register 4239: 2347: 2332:"'Magnolia denudata - Yulan magnolia'" 2224:"The Kitchen Garden at Vaucluse House" 1763: 1694: 520:W. C. Wentworth was born on board the 4257:Gothic Revival architecture in Sydney 3872:The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant 2579: 2433: 2415: 2203: 2075: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2059: 648: 2499:Sarah Wentworth Mistress of Vaucluse 2398:NSW Public Works Department (1981). 2373:Survey of Gardens in New South Wales 2302: 2293: 1322:willows (Salix sp.) along the creek. 1058:willows (Salix sp.) along the creek. 862:adding citations to reliable sources 829: 2314:Vaucluse House: a history and guide 1342: 991: 461:in what is today the Department of 16:Heritage house in Sydney, Australia 13: 2474: 2240:Curran, Helen; Stark, Tod (2016). 2070: 2056: 1751:from the original on 19 March 2015 947:size ensured it was easily heated. 457:, the famous spring near the town 14: 4313: 2557: 705:The estate's gardens in the 1930s 238:New South Wales Heritage Register 4247:1803 establishments in Australia 3944:For the Term of His Natural Life 3864:For the Term of His Natural Life 3741:For the Term of His Natural Life 3645:For the Term of His Natural Life 2449: 1939:Taylor, pers.comm., 4 April 2017 1718: 1429: 1415: 1151: 834: 697:Resumption by the NSW Government 639:Australian Patriotic Association 29: 2572:by the Vaucluse Park Trust 1959 2147: 2082: 1948:The Australian, 13 January 1830 1930:Bogle, pers.comm., 4 April 2017 1891: 1879: 1200: 972: 896: 2407:Parramatta Advertiser (2005). 2321:Historic Houses Trust (2004). 1778: 1733: 986: 955: 733:Historic Houses Trust of NSW. 536:with his parents to settle in 440:, who had been transported to 71:House, re-purposed as a museum 1: 4297:Tourist attractions in Sydney 4272:Homesteads in New South Wales 4032:Parrot and Olivier in America 2516:Pollen, Frances, ed. (1990). 2267:Higginbotham, Edward (1983). 2258:Higginbotham, Edward (1983). 1465: 1316:a fig tree in the front park; 1230: 1223: 1216: 1183: 1176: 1169: 1080: 1052:a fig tree in the front park; 807: 800: 793: 763: 711:Government of New South Wales 622:Parliament of New South Wales 383:Government of New South Wales 4146:Darlington Probation Station 4141:Commissariat Store, Brisbane 3661:It Is Never Too Late to Mend 3372:Thomas Griffiths Wainewright 2566:at the Historic Houses Trust 2458:, entry number 00955 in the 2195:Attraction Homepage (2007). 1470: 1209: 385:. The site was added to the 190:Historic Houses Trust of NSW 7: 3912:It's Never Too Late to Mend 3906:Journals of the First Fleet 2570:The story of Vaucluse House 2542:. Macmillan Company. 1981. 1445:Gothic Revival architecture 1408: 1019:the formal lawn around the 825: 751:NSW Public Works Department 681:Woollahra Municipal Council 10: 4318: 4216:The Old Windmill, Brisbane 4176:Kingston and Arthur's Vale 2902:Anti-Transportation League 2518:The Book of Sydney Suburbs 2469:, accessed on 2 June 2018. 2187: 491: 403: 4302:Vaucluse, New South Wales 4191:Parramatta Female Factory 4109: 4069: 4042: 3898: 3823: 3636: 3592: 3585: 3483: 3457: 3416: 3390: 3319: 3224: 3203: 3117: 3082: 3069: 2958: 2910: 2759: 2666: 2613: 2540:The Heritage of Australia 2409:A purple patch of history 2389:Nicholas, Joanna (2016). 2382:'Reviving Vaucluse House' 2380:Nicholas, Joanna (2017). 2249:Drapalski, Megan (2016). 2222:Bravery, Suzanne (2000). 2213:Bravery, Suzanne (2000). 2153:NSW HHT, undated brochure 1000:Aerial view of the estate 742:backdrop, beach paddock. 566:Colony of New South Wales 506:, was an explorer of the 488:William Charles Wentworth 361:local government area of 359:Municipality of Woollahra 351:William Charles Wentworth 332: 328: 304: 296: 288: 280: 272: 262: 254: 244: 235: 231: 221: 208: 203: 195: 185: 177: 169: 161: 151: 136:33.855512°S 151.2736407°E 112: 104: 85: 75: 67: 59: 54: 44: 40: 28: 23: 4277:Houses completed in 1839 4252:Farms in New South Wales 2330:Holliray, Steve (2017). 2029:Bravery, 1997, 4 & 6 1786:"Keeping Up Appearances" 643:The University of Sydney 544:appointed him as acting 4156:Experiment Farm Cottage 4131:Cascades Female Factory 3677:The Life of Rufus Dawes 3620:Jim Jones at Botany Bay 3528:Laurence Hynes Halloran 2824:Norfolk Island mutinies 2416:Smith, Suzanne (2014). 2204:Bogle, Michael (1993). 1244:Modifications and dates 633:from the Maori tribes. 627:NSW Legislative Council 204:Design and construction 141:-33.855512; 151.2736407 3960:Bring Larks and Heroes 3840:The Devil Makes Sunday 3832:The Devil Makes Sunday 3600:Transportation ballads 2497:Liston, Carol (1988). 2276:Higginbotham, Edward. 2135:Bravery, 1997, 5–8, 22 1423:New South Wales portal 1001: 906: 758:Vaucluse House gardens 747:Government Architect's 706: 667: 594:Araucaria heterophylla 371:Sir Henry Browne Hayes 312:Sir Henry Browne Hayes 226:Sir Henry Browne Hayes 199:11 hectares (28 acres) 35:Vaucluse House, Sydney 3693:One Hundred Years Ago 3543:William Smith O'Brien 2794:Castle Hill Rebellion 2607:Convicts in Australia 2522:Angus & Robertson 2434:Watts, Peter (2014). 1886:Parramatta Advertiser 1790:Sydney Living Museums 1745:Sydney Living Museums 999: 904: 815:Sydney Living Museums 704: 665: 438:Sir Henry Brown Hayes 156:Sydney Living Museums 4186:Old Government House 4082:Port Jackson Painter 4008:Gould's Book of Fish 3685:The Mark of the Lash 3653:The Assigned Servant 3408:Kevin Izod O'Doherty 3357:William Buelow Gould 2890:Cooking Pot Uprising 2806:Capture of the brig 2643:History of Australia 2425:Tourism NSW (2007). 858:improve this section 600:Colonial Secretary, 573:Macquarie Lighthouse 562:Cambridge University 528:in 1790, to surgeon 459:l'Isle sur la Sorgue 455:Fontaine de Vaucluse 423:Fontaine-de-Vaucluse 416:land, comprises the 300:Landscape - Cultural 162:Construction started 89:69A Wentworth Road, 49:Fontaine de Vaucluse 4211:Ross Female Factory 3984:Remembering Babylon 3789:Journey Among Women 3518:Elizabeth Callaghan 3403:William Henry Groom 3301:John Boyle O'Reilly 2303:Gray, Dave (2010). 2294:Gray, Dave (2011). 2105:on 24 November 2012 2003:Nichols, 2017, 6–10 1747:. 29 October 2013. 1460:Wentworth Mausoleum 1437:Architecture portal 258:Built and landscape 132: / 76:Architectural style 55:General information 4171:Hyde Park Barracks 4097:Twenty Dollar Note 4059:Our Country's Good 3992:The Potato Factory 3968:A Fringe of Leaves 3928:Great Expectations 3757:Red Sky at Morning 3709:Sentenced for Life 3568:Elizabeth Thackery 3429:Margaret Catchpole 3150:William Hutchinson 3096:Arthur Bowes Smyth 2839:Bathurst Rebellion 2171:Bravery 1997:10-11 1994:Nicholas, 2016, 15 1909:Bravery, 1997, 5–8 1002: 907: 707: 668: 649:John Hosking lease 542:Governor Macquarie 471:Governor Macquarie 449:14th-century poet 431:Captain John Piper 292:Historic Landscape 281:Reference no. 267:a., c., d., e., f. 181:Henry Browne Hayes 4287:Museums in Sydney 4234: 4233: 4121:Brickendon Estate 4105: 4104: 4092:Sydney punchbowls 3805:Van Diemen's Land 3627:Van Diemen's Land 3581: 3580: 3503:James Bloodsworth 3286:Lawrence Kavenagh 2950:Western Australia 2751:Western Australia 2721:Macquarie Harbour 1141:Wisteria sinensis 1136:Alexander Macleay 894: 893: 886: 787:sugarloaf cabbage 745:In July 1981 the 666:The eastern tower 602:Alexander Macleay 588:Wisteria sinensis 554:Hyde Park, Sydney 494:William Wentworth 389:on 2 April 1999. 336: 335: 4309: 4282:Houses in Sydney 4166:Great North Road 4161:Fremantle Prison 4016:The Secret River 3888:The Secret River 3848:Against the Wind 3590: 3589: 3538:Jørgen Jørgensen 3449:John Acton Wroth 3444:James Hardy Vaux 3311:William Westwood 3306:Alexander Pearce 3236:Charlotte Badger 3216:Francis Greenway 3108:D'Arcy Wentworth 3080: 3079: 3076: 3071:Notable convicts 2633:Female factories 2600: 2593: 2586: 2577: 2576: 2553: 2535: 2512: 2493: 2453: 2439: 2430: 2427:"Vaucluse House" 2421: 2412: 2403: 2394: 2385: 2376: 2367: 2361: 2353: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2317: 2308: 2299: 2290: 2281: 2272: 2263: 2254: 2245: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2209: 2200: 2197:"Vaucluse House" 2181: 2178: 2172: 2169: 2154: 2151: 2145: 2142: 2136: 2133: 2124: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2099:"Vaucluse House" 2095: 2089: 2086: 2080: 2077: 2068: 2065: 2054: 2051: 2042: 2039: 2030: 2027: 2016: 2013: 2004: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1931: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1910: 1907: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1859: 1856: 1847: 1844: 1838: 1835: 1826: 1823: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1796:on 19 March 2015 1792:. Archived from 1782: 1776: 1775: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1741:"Vaucluse House" 1737: 1731: 1722: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1696:"Vaucluse House" 1692: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1425: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1367:Greycliffe House 1343:Heritage listing 1287:were demolished. 1235: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1131:Macleaya cordata 1085: 1082: 992:Grounds / Estate 889: 882: 878: 875: 869: 838: 830: 812: 809: 805: 802: 798: 795: 768: 765: 530:D'Arcy Wentworth 500:Gregory Blaxland 465:in the South of 321: 217: 147: 146: 144: 143: 142: 137: 133: 130: 129: 128: 125: 33: 21: 20: 4317: 4316: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4226:Woolmers Estate 4201:Richmond Bridge 4126:Cadmans Cottage 4112: 4101: 4077:Charlotte Medal 4065: 4038: 3920:The Broad Arrow 3894: 3819: 3813:The Nightingale 3765:Under Capricorn 3733:The Tenth Straw 3669:The Lady Outlaw 3632: 3586:Popular culture 3577: 3523:Margaret Dawson 3493:Esther Abrahams 3485: 3479: 3453: 3412: 3386: 3315: 3256:William Buckley 3228: 3220: 3211:James Blackburn 3199: 3113: 3102:William Redfern 3074: 3073: 3065: 2963: 2954: 2935:New South Wales 2906: 2755: 2741:Saltwater River 2676:Cockatoo Island 2662: 2609: 2604: 2560: 2550: 2538: 2532: 2509: 2477: 2475:Further reading 2472: 2355: 2354: 2190: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2108: 2106: 2097: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2071: 2066: 2057: 2052: 2045: 2040: 2033: 2028: 2019: 2015:Mather, 1982, 2 2014: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1961: 1957:Gray, 2010, 8–9 1956: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1913: 1908: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1884: 1880: 1876:Mather, 1982, 1 1875: 1862: 1858:Mather, 1982, 4 1857: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1837:Mather, 1982, 3 1836: 1829: 1824: 1809: 1799: 1797: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1768: 1764: 1754: 1752: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1711: 1709: 1693: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1435: 1428: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1345: 1246: 1233: 1226: 1219: 1212: 1203: 1186: 1179: 1172: 1154: 1083: 994: 989: 975: 958: 899: 890: 879: 873: 870: 855: 839: 828: 810: 803: 796: 766: 760: 699: 660: 651: 546:provost-general 517:public figure. 496: 490: 442:New South Wales 410:Vaucluse Estate 406: 363:New South Wales 343:heritage-listed 324: 319: 317:W. C. Wentworth 240: 215: 213:W. C. Wentworth 152:Current tenants 140: 138: 134: 131: 126: 123: 121: 119: 118: 99:New South Wales 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4315: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4221:Vaucluse House 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4151:Elizabeth Farm 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4117: 4115: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4063: 4055: 4051:The Transports 4046: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4028: 4024:The Lieutenant 4020: 4012: 4004: 3996: 3988: 3980: 3972: 3964: 3956: 3948: 3940: 3936:The Wild Goose 3932: 3924: 3916: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3884: 3876: 3868: 3860: 3852: 3844: 3836: 3827: 3825: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3817: 3809: 3801: 3793: 3785: 3777: 3769: 3761: 3753: 3745: 3737: 3729: 3721: 3713: 3705: 3697: 3689: 3681: 3673: 3665: 3657: 3649: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3630: 3623: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3596: 3594: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3558:Joseph Potaski 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3489: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3434:Frank the Poet 3431: 3426: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3398:William Cuffay 3394: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3377:Thomas Watling 3374: 3369: 3367:Charles Rodius 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3337:Richard Browne 3334: 3329: 3327:Joseph Backler 3323: 3321: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3276:William Chopin 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3251:William Bryant 3248: 3243: 3238: 3232: 3230: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3180:Robert Sidaway 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3111: 3104: 3099: 3092: 3086: 3084: 3077: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3011:Eardley-Wilmot 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2967: 2965: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2940:Norfolk Island 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2916: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2896:Catalpa rescue 2893: 2887: 2878: 2869: 2860: 2851: 2842: 2836: 2827: 2821: 2812: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2746:Sullivans Cove 2743: 2738: 2731:Norfolk Island 2728: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2672: 2670: 2668:Penal colonies 2664: 2663: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2603: 2602: 2595: 2588: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2567: 2564:Vaucluse House 2559: 2558:External links 2556: 2555: 2554: 2548: 2536: 2530: 2513: 2507: 2494: 2482:Duyker, Edward 2476: 2473: 2471: 2470: 2456:Vaucluse House 2446: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2404: 2395: 2386: 2377: 2368: 2345: 2336: 2327: 2318: 2309: 2300: 2291: 2282: 2273: 2264: 2255: 2246: 2237: 2228: 2219: 2210: 2206:Vaucluse House 2201: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2173: 2155: 2146: 2137: 2125: 2116: 2090: 2081: 2069: 2055: 2043: 2031: 2017: 2005: 1996: 1987: 1973: 1959: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1923: 1911: 1899: 1890: 1878: 1860: 1848: 1846:Holliday, 2017 1839: 1827: 1825:Smith, 2014, 4 1807: 1777: 1762: 1732: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1426: 1410: 1407: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1280: 1267: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1242: 1234: 1834–42 1227: 1828–30 1220: 1828–30 1211: 1208: 1202: 1199: 1187: 1834–42 1180: 1828–30 1173: 1828–30 1153: 1150: 1088: 1087: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1013: 993: 990: 988: 985: 984: 983: 980: 974: 971: 970: 969: 966: 962: 957: 954: 953: 952: 948: 944: 936: 932: 929: 925: 922: 918: 915: 912: 898: 895: 892: 891: 874:September 2017 842: 840: 833: 827: 824: 811: 1834–42 804: 1828–30 797: 1828–30 759: 756: 749:Branch of the 739:Sydney Harbour 698: 695: 659: 656: 650: 647: 618:The Australian 583:Conrad Martens 526:Norfolk Island 513:The Australian 508:Blue Mountains 504:William Lawson 492:Main article: 489: 486: 473:and sailed to 405: 402: 398:Sydney Harbour 367:Gothic Revival 339:Vaucluse House 334: 333: 330: 329: 326: 325: 323: 322: 314: 308: 306: 302: 301: 298: 294: 293: 290: 286: 285: 282: 278: 277: 274: 270: 269: 264: 260: 259: 256: 252: 251: 249:Vaucluse House 246: 242: 241: 236: 233: 232: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 210: 206: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 116: 110: 109: 106: 102: 101: 87: 83: 82: 80:Gothic Revival 77: 73: 72: 69: 65: 64: 61: 57: 56: 52: 51: 46: 42: 41: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 24:Vaucluse House 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4314: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4206:Richmond Gaol 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4181:Lennox Bridge 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4113:Convict Sites 4108: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3976:The Playmaker 3973: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3749:To New Shores 3746: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3553:Isaac Nichols 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3424:Denis Cashman 3422: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3362:Joseph Lycett 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3241:Matthew Brady 3239: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3165:Solomon Levey 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3145:William Field 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3135:Daniel Cooper 3133: 3131: 3130:Daniel Connor 3128: 3126: 3125:Enoch Barratt 3123: 3122: 3120: 3118:Entrepreneurs 3116: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3090:William Bland 3088: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3075:and personnel 3072: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2912:Convict ships 2909: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2884: 2881:Wreck of the 2879: 2876: 2875: 2872:Wreck of the 2870: 2867: 2866: 2863:Wreck of the 2861: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2818:disappearance 2817: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2804: 2801: 2800:Rum Rebellion 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2623:Australia Day 2621: 2619: 2616: 2615: 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Australia: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2508:0-949753-34-3 2504: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2359: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2192: 2177: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2150: 2141: 2132: 2130: 2120: 2104: 2100: 2094: 2085: 2076: 2074: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2053:Lindsay, 2017 2050: 2048: 2038: 2036: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2012: 2010: 2000: 1991: 1983: 1977: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1954: 1945: 1936: 1927: 1918: 1916: 1906: 1904: 1894: 1887: 1882: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1843: 1834: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1773: 1766: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1736: 1729: 1726: 1721: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1476: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1413: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1349: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1241: 1237: 1207: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1152:House complex 1149: 1145: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1134:(named after 1133: 1132: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1103: 1097: 1094: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1039: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1006: 998: 981: 977: 976: 967: 963: 960: 959: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 930: 926: 923: 919: 916: 913: 909: 908: 903: 888: 885: 877: 867: 863: 859: 853: 852: 848: 843:This section 841: 837: 832: 831: 823: 819: 816: 790: 788: 782: 780: 774: 770: 755: 752: 748: 743: 740: 734: 731: 726: 723: 719: 717: 712: 703: 694: 690: 687: 682: 676: 672: 664: 655: 646: 644: 640: 634: 632: 628: 623: 619: 613: 611: 607: 606:Elizabeth Bay 603: 598: 596: 595: 590: 589: 584: 580: 578: 574: 569: 567: 563: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 518: 515: 514: 509: 505: 501: 495: 485: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 447: 446:Governor King 443: 439: 434: 432: 428: 424: 419: 415: 412:, located on 411: 401: 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 331: 327: 318: 315: 313: 310: 309: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 268: 265: 261: 257: 253: 250: 247: 245:Official name 243: 239: 234: 230: 227: 224: 220: 214: 211: 207: 202: 198: 194: 191: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 157: 154: 150: 145: 117: 115: 111: 107: 103: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 53: 50: 47: 43: 39: 32: 27: 22: 19: 4220: 4057: 4049: 4030: 4022: 4014: 4006: 3998: 3990: 3982: 3974: 3966: 3958: 3950: 3942: 3934: 3926: 3918: 3910: 3886: 3878: 3870: 3862: 3854: 3846: 3838: 3830: 3811: 3803: 3795: 3787: 3781:Adam's Woman 3779: 3771: 3763: 3755: 3747: 3739: 3731: 3723: 3715: 3707: 3699: 3691: 3683: 3675: 3667: 3659: 3651: 3643: 3548:Robert Palin 3533:Mark Jeffrey 3498:John Baughan 3470:James Meehan 3439:Henry Savery 3347:Edmund Edgar 3291:John Mitchel 3281:Michael Howe 3261:Moondyne Joe 3229:and escapees 3195:Samuel Terry 3185:James Squire 3106: 3094: 2925:Second Fleet 2882: 2873: 2864: 2854: 2845: 2830: 2815: 2807: 2785: 2773:Second Fleet 2701:Maria Island 2628:Emancipation 2539: 2517: 2498: 2489: 2485: 2435: 2417: 2408: 2390: 2381: 2372: 2349: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2268: 2259: 2250: 2241: 2205: 2176: 2149: 2140: 2119: 2107:. Retrieved 2103:the original 2093: 2084: 1999: 1990: 1976: 1953: 1944: 1935: 1926: 1893: 1881: 1842: 1798:. Retrieved 1794:the original 1789: 1780: 1774:. Australia. 1772:Marie Claire 1771: 1765: 1753:. Retrieved 1744: 1735: 1710:. Retrieved 1699: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1350: 1346: 1238: 1213: 1204: 1201:Outbuildings 1155: 1146: 1139: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1110: 1106: 1098: 1089: 1061: 1044: 1037:photographs. 1007: 1003: 973:Second floor 905:Drawing Room 897:Ground floor 880: 871: 856:Please help 844: 820: 791: 783: 775: 771: 761: 744: 735: 727: 724: 720: 716:Nielsen Park 708: 691: 677: 673: 669: 652: 635: 617: 614: 599: 592: 586: 581: 570: 558: 550:Nepean River 521: 519: 511: 497: 483: 435: 418:land granted 409: 407: 394:Port Jackson 391: 338: 337: 276:2 April 1999 248: 209:Architect(s) 18: 4196:Port Arthur 4087:Rajah Quilt 3725:Transported 3613:Moreton Bay 3513:John Cadman 3475:Joseph Wild 3465:John Baxter 3417:Chroniclers 3391:Politicians 3382:James Walsh 3332:Thomas Bock 3296:Thomas Muir 3271:Martin Cash 3266:John Caesar 3246:Mary Bryant 3226:Bushrangers 3190:John Tawell 3175:Mary Reibey 3170:Simeon Lord 3160:Henry Kable 3140:John Davies 2964:commandants 2930:Third Fleet 2920:First Fleet 2826:(1826–1846) 2779:Third Fleet 2767:First Fleet 2716:Risdon Cove 2706:Port Arthur 2691:Moreton Bay 2686:Sydney Cove 2653:New Holland 2492:(1): 14–19. 2444:Attribution 2123:Sheedy 1973 1921:Watts, 2014 1084: 2001 987:Description 956:First floor 767: 1996 631:New Zealand 524:moored off 139: / 127:151°16′25″E 114:Coordinates 4241:Categories 4136:Coal Mines 4111:Australian 4000:Jack Maggs 3899:Literature 3824:Television 3773:Botany Bay 3606:Botany Bay 3563:James Ruse 3508:Billy Blue 3204:Architects 2865:George III 2786:Lady Shore 2618:Assignment 2486:Doryanthes 2144:Gray, 2011 2109:15 October 1755:3 November 1466:References 610:Double Bay 538:Parramatta 479:John Piper 273:Designated 124:33°51′20″S 3856:Sara Dane 3573:Mary Wade 3458:Explorers 3352:John Eyre 3342:Knud Bull 3155:Mary Hyde 3046:Macquarie 2960:Governors 2855:Frederick 2696:Redcliffe 2647:1788–1850 2464:CC-BY 4.0 2358:cite book 2323:"Museums" 1982:"Unknown" 1725:CC-BY 4.0 1471:Citations 1279:property. 1263:sandstone 1210:Condition 1166:courtyard 940:sideboard 921:ceilings. 845:does not 686:Illawarra 433:in 1814. 320:(attrib.) 222:Developer 216:(attrib.) 170:Completed 108:Australia 63:Completed 45:Etymology 3952:Moondyne 3880:Banished 3717:Moondyne 3486:convicts 3083:Surgeons 3051:Paterson 3031:Johnston 3016:Franklin 2986:Brisbane 2945:Tasmania 2711:Richmond 2681:Rosehill 1800:19 March 1749:Archived 1708:. H00955 1409:See also 1158:parapets 1113:pinnacle 1093:driveway 1021:fountain 1017:verandah 826:Features 779:Victoria 577:Rose Bay 522:Surprise 463:Vaucluse 451:Petrarch 355:Vaucluse 305:Builders 297:Category 263:Criteria 91:Vaucluse 86:Location 3320:Artists 3056:Phillip 3006:Denison 2996:Darling 2991:Collins 2735:History 2725:History 2638:Freedom 2467:licence 2188:Sources 1728:licence 1295:layout' 1276:columns 1194:chimney 1162:turrets 1041:Avenue. 928:stored. 866:removed 851:sources 502:and Lt. 475:Ireland 427:Avignon 414:Cadigal 404:History 381:of the 357:in the 196:Grounds 105:Country 4062:(1988) 4054:(1977) 4035:(2010) 4027:(2008) 4019:(2005) 4011:(2001) 4003:(1997) 3995:(1995) 3987:(1993) 3979:(1987) 3971:(1973) 3963:(1967) 3955:(1879) 3947:(1872) 3939:(1867) 3931:(1861) 3923:(1859) 3915:(1856) 3891:(2015) 3883:(2015) 3875:(2005) 3867:(1983) 3859:(1982) 3851:(1978) 3843:(1962) 3835:(1961) 3816:(2017) 3808:(2009) 3800:(2008) 3792:(1977) 3784:(1970) 3776:(1953) 3768:(1949) 3760:(1944) 3752:(1937) 3744:(1927) 3736:(1926) 3728:(1913) 3720:(1913) 3712:(1911) 3704:(1911) 3696:(1911) 3688:(1911) 3680:(1911) 3672:(1911) 3664:(1911) 3656:(1911) 3648:(1908) 3061:Sorell 3026:Hunter 2981:Bourke 2971:Arthur 2898:(1876) 2892:(1846) 2886:(1835) 2877:(1835) 2868:(1835) 2859:(1834) 2857:escape 2850:(1833) 2848:escape 2846:Badger 2841:(1830) 2835:(1829) 2833:mutiny 2831:Cyprus 2820:(1814) 2811:(1813) 2802:(1808) 2796:(1804) 2790:(1797) 2788:mutiny 2781:(1791) 2775:(1789) 2769:(1788) 2760:Events 2546: 2528: 2505: 1888:, 2005 1712:2 June 1272:stiles 1253:trees. 1191:marble 534:Sydney 467:France 379:agency 347:museum 178:Client 95:Sydney 60:Status 4043:Stage 3593:Music 3484:Other 3041:Logan 3021:Gipps 3001:Davey 2976:Bligh 2658:Women 979:nets. 425:near 377:, an 341:is a 284:00955 186:Owner 3637:Film 3036:King 2883:Neva 2874:Hive 2816:Argo 2544:ISBN 2526:ISBN 2503:ISBN 2364:link 2111:2010 1802:2015 1757:2018 1714:2018 1285:shed 1229:and 1182:and 849:any 847:cite 806:and 408:The 289:Type 255:Type 173:1839 165:1803 68:Type 4070:Art 2962:and 2808:Emu 1334:it. 1102:bay 860:by 93:in 4243:: 2524:. 2488:. 2360:}} 2356:{{ 2158:^ 2128:^ 2072:^ 2058:^ 2046:^ 2034:^ 2020:^ 2008:^ 1962:^ 1914:^ 1902:^ 1863:^ 1851:^ 1830:^ 1810:^ 1788:. 1743:. 1704:. 1698:. 1479:^ 1369:. 1231:c. 1224:c. 1217:c. 1184:c. 1177:c. 1170:c. 1160:, 1081:c. 808:c. 801:c. 794:c. 764:c. 556:. 481:. 97:, 3629:" 3625:" 3622:" 3618:" 3615:" 3611:" 3608:" 3604:" 2737:) 2733:( 2727:) 2723:( 2649:) 2645:( 2599:e 2592:t 2585:v 2552:. 2534:. 2511:. 2490:4 2438:. 2429:. 2420:. 2411:. 2402:. 2393:. 2384:. 2375:. 2366:) 2352:. 2343:. 2334:. 2325:. 2316:. 2307:. 2298:. 2289:. 2280:. 2271:. 2262:. 2253:. 2244:. 2235:. 2226:. 2217:. 2208:. 2199:. 2113:. 1984:. 1804:. 1759:. 1730:. 1716:. 887:) 881:( 876:) 872:( 868:. 854:.

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