Van Cortlandt House

1006: 751: 1131: 1193: 461: 862:(NYC Parks) received bids for the annex's construction in 1913 but initially rejected all of them. After a subsequent contract was approved, annex, consisting of a caretaker's apartment adjacent to the main house, was finished in 1916 or 1917, just before World War I. The Department of Parks awarded a contract for repairs to the house at the end of 1914. The architect Norman Isham was hired to renovate the mansion, which included restoring the fireplaces, adding paneling, moving the radiators, and installing interior shutters. By the late 1910s, the museum was charging admission fees on Thursdays; although the museum no longer charged a fee on Sundays, it had shorter operating hours on that day. 885:

June 1961. This renovation involved restoring the walls and the original floors, as well as upgrades to the caretaker's apartment and mechanical systems. The house was still open seven days a week in the 1960s, charging admission four days a week, but was only open on weekends by the 1970s. It had several caretakers during this time. A poet, Hagop Yacoubian, began caring for the house in 1959, shortly after coming to the U.S. from Armenia. Robert and Ann Porter, who were hired as the museum's caretakers in 1973 following a chance meeting with one of the museum's directors, sometimes hosted private parties in the house when the museum was closed. By the mid-1970s, the

850: 9042: 353:, both British and American troops variously occupied the house; the structure was passed down to various members of the Van Cortlandt family through the 19th century. The city government acquired the house in 1888 as part of the construction of Van Cortlandt Park and initially used the building as a police barracks. The Society of Colonial Dames of the State of New York leased the house in 1896 and opened it to the public on May 28, 1897. Various modifications were made to the grounds over the subsequent decades, and a caretaker's house was built in the 1910s. The house underwent renovations in the 1960s and 1980s. 698: 1236:, and piecrust table; the dining room had plates, set for a meal; and the kitchen had various utensils, as well as objects like a powder horn and a rifle. The house also had a Dutch storage chest in one parlor, several poster beds on the second floor, and a dollhouse on the third floor. The mansion retained much of its old furniture in the 21st century, such as cupboards, cradles, and built-in cabinets. The museum also displayed artifacts such as colored rugs, bedspreads, and utensils. In the modern-day dining room, there is a set of drawers, six chairs, and a table. 911:

Council and the Bronx borough president's office. However, there was no funding for further repairs, and the museum had only a $ 100,000 annual operating budget. Carpenter also doubled as the house's caretaker and continued to direct the museum through the early 21st century. The Van Cortlandt House had outdated mechanical systems, and, although Carpenter was allowed to live in the house rent-free, the city admonished her for trying to add a satellite dish. The Colonial Dames was still operating the Van Cortlandt House Museum in the early 21st century.

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to their sister's son Augustus Bibby Van Cortlandt upon Henry's death. Augustus Bibby owned the house for four and a half decades; he renovated the mansion and farmed much of the estate. The fireplaces were trimmed back to make way for stoves. An account from the late 1840s described the house as having a front garden with box trees, which had been planted upon a set of fountains. The old mill and the Van Cortlandts' original house still existed on the estate, and the house's interior was decorated with various portraits.

1067:. The basement's ceiling has low wooden beams, which measure 11 by 13 inches (280 by 330 mm) and were hand-crafted out of cypress and cedar. Water for the kitchen was originally sourced from Vault Hill. There is a Dutch brick oven embedded in the kitchen's wall. On one wall is a wide, short fireplace with a hearth and an arched opening. A dresser and a porcelain closet occupied the kitchen. There is also a newer basement with a classroom and an auditorium. The museum's restrooms are also in the basement. 107: 9606: 1084:. At the stairway's first landing, there is a niche containing a large window. The stairway's high ceiling was intended as a symbol of wealth when the house was built. Behind the front hall is the rear hall, which has a simple stairway and leads both to the dining room and to a servants' entrance. The rear hall was added shortly after Frederick Van Cortlandt died, when the house was being finished, and provided a private entrance for Frederick's widow Frances. 9548: 9568: 9558: 9049: 9594: 9646: 1164:

furniture used by Washington. The north wall of the Washington bedroom has a fireplace flanked by closets, similar to the cupboards on the first-floor western parlor. Behind the eastern bedroom was a spinning room. A third bedroom to the northeast has a fireplace with allegorical Dutch tiles. One of the bedrooms was named the Monroe room because one of the family's maids had married a man surnamed Monroe.

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at the house, such as his bed, a mahogany footrest, a carved clock, and bed steps. The eastern bedroom had a chest, printing press, and cradle, while the spinning room featured several tools used for needlework. Other objects displayed throughout the house included a set of wooden vultures that once belonged to a Spanish privateer, and two cannons outside the entrance.

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Augustus's household consisted of six free people and 15 slaves; at the time, the farm may have still been operated as a plantation. Augustus Van Cortlandt continued to own the house until he died in 1823; he had no male children to which he could pass down the house. As such, his son-in-law Henry White (who had married Augustus's daughter Anna) received his

1146:, which had ornamentation such as pilasters, sunbursts, and motifs of one-quarter of a fan. There was a small closet built into the side of the fireplace mantel, which was used to keep items warm during winters. One corner of the room also featured a large white cupboard which was used to store porcelain. The walls are made of light plaster above dark 738:. Legal disputes over the act carried on for years. The Van Cortlandt family did not fully vacate the house until 1888, and the mill next to Van Cortlandt Lake was in use until 1889. Records indicate that the family held events in the house as late as 1890, when Augustus Bibby Van Cortlandt married Ethyle Wilson there. The 1054:

had an entrance hall flanked by two parlors, while the eastern wing had a side hall and dining room on that story. The second floor is generally designed in a simpler style than the first floor but is also arranged in an L-shaped plan. The caretaker's apartment has seven rooms, including a kitchen and two bathrooms.

817:. The Van Cortlandt Mansion was one of the few mid-18th-century buildings in New York City that still retained its original carpentry. The museum was open to the public every day of the week and was free most of the time. On Saturdays, it charged each guest 25 cents to raise money for the house's maintenance. 978:

a large degree the substantial comfort of the era which it represents". Next to the original L-shaped structure is the caretaker's apartment, which also has a rubblestone facade and brick window frames. The caretaker's apartment occupies the northern portion of the grounds, creating a C-shaped structure.

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Beede, Carl Greenleaf (March 12, 1927). "A Dutch Colonial Farmhouse in the Metropolis: the Center of Many Activities New Amsterdam Distinction Here a Freind to Both Whig and Tory the Contents of the House Newport and Philadelphia Masters Sunny and Spacious Chambers Upper and Lower Berths Not Modern".

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After the museum opened, it began hosting monthly "antiquarian exhibits" in 1903. The museum's other early exhibits included displays of antique pewter, miniatures of Colonial portraits, and needlework portraits. The museum hosted exhibits of colonial documents, paintings, and books in the 1920s, and

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To the left (west) of the front hall is the western parlor, which served as Washington's quarters in 1783. On the northern wall is a fireplace surrounded by blue-and-white tiles, which depict scenes from the Bible. Pilasters separate the fireplace from an arched cupboard on either side; each cupboard

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After various members of the Colonial Dames provided donations "to make the mansion a more authoritative eighteenth-century home", the Colonial Dames closed the Van Cortlandt House in December 1960 for what was supposed to be a four-month renovation. The house's reopening was delayed by two months to

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became illegal. The younger Augustus owned the house until his death on April 1, 1839, upon which he bequeathed the house to his brother Henry White Van Cortlandt, who had no children and survived only until October 1839. Neither Augustus White nor Henry White had male heirs, so the house was to pass

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Augustus Van Cortlandt's family moved to the house after the Revolution ended. The 1790 United States census shows that Augustus Van Cortlandt kept 17 slaves on the property. Augustus, his wife, another woman, and 10 slaves were recorded as living on the estate in 1800. The census of 1810 showed that

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and some maps dating as far back as 1642. In the eastern parlor were furniture such as chairs, a writing desk, a candle stand, and four chalk artworks. The dining room displayed porcelain, platters, and a dinner table. The western bedroom on the second story featured furniture from Washington's time

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with railings. The original doors were replaced with Dutch-style doors at some point in the house's history. The exterior of the house largely lacks elaborate decorations. Despite the paucity of ornate ornamentation, one descendant, Catharine Van Cortlandt Mathews, wrote that the design "suggests to

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Brooklyn College students undertook further archeological excavations at the site in 2003, and the house was open six days a week during the 2000s. The house's dining room was restored in 2015; the work involved a restoration of the paneling, wallpaper, and fireplace tiles. The mansion was closed in

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The grounds of the house were landscaped during 1980, and the house itself was closed in 1986 for a renovation. The work included a new 150-seat auditorium under the house; an expansion of the cellar for taller guests; new bathrooms; and mechanical, structural, and fire-safety upgrades. In addition,

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to the mansion during the war, and Digby gifted Augustus Van Cortlandt a pair of wooden bird sculptures that had been taken from a Spanish privateer. American troops unsuccessfully tried to retake the house in 1777. A British captain surnamed Rowe was severely wounded in a battle nearby in 1780, and

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One critic, writing in 1927, said the Van Cortlandt House, along with the Gracie Mansion and the Morris–Jumel Mansion, were among the few old houses in New York City that "retain some of their former dignity and beauty of surroundings". Another writer in 1964 described the house as having "interior

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A narrow U-shaped stairway in the second-floor hall continues up to the third floor. On the third floor were two smaller rooms for servants, one of which was in an incomplete condition. The attic has been adapted into an exhibit on the lives of the slaves who worked on the Van Cortlandt plantation.

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Unlike other urban mansions, but typical of rural estates, the formal entertaining rooms (such as the dining room and parlors) were placed on the first floor. The rear of the house had a service wing, where servants could move about without guests noticing. As built, the first story's southern wing

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conducted excavations around the house's site between 1990 and 1992. After a set of tennis courts were proposed east of the mansion in the 1990s, preservationists raised concerns that the tennis courts would ruin views from the house and destroy historical artifacts, though the courts were approved

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had given the society control of the mansion by that May. The Park Board agreed in December 1896 to lease the mansion to the society; the initial lease lasted for 25 years. The society then began renovating the house. The project, which cost between $ 4,000 and $ 5,000, involved restoring the house

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on December 12, 1888, and converted into Van Cortlandt Park; other properties on the estate were not sold until 1919. The majority of the grain fields were converted into a sprawling lawn dubbed the "Parade Ground", while the Van Cortlandt House was preserved. Parts of the mansion were repaired and

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that the historian Robert Bolton described as "about one mile north from Kings bridge", next to what is now Broadway. One descendant wrote that the mansion was probably built on the site of, or close to, Van der Donck's farmhouse; the foundation of Van der Donck's old house remained intact in front

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that depict Van Cortlandt family members' faces. The interiors include a kitchen in the basement; two parlors, an entry hall, and a dining room on the first floor; and bedrooms on the second and third floors. The museum has historically presented various performances and events at the house, and it

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Next to the hallway are two rooms, one each to the west and east. These bedrooms both contain white walls; doorways with molded frames; fireplaces with paneling and white tiles; windows with internal shutters; cornices above the windows. The western room was known as the Washington bedroom and had

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One of New York City's park commissioners proposed in March 1893 that the mansion be converted into a museum for Revolutionary War artifacts. The park commissioners provided $ 187 for interior painting and papering in December, and they provided $ 250 for renovation work the next month. The city's

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placed James Van Cortlandt on a committee to create a report on whether it was feasible to build a fort near his family's house. Although James was described as not having been "a very active loyalist", he was not fully committed to the Patriots' cause either, and the Van Cortlandts wished to stay

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Frederick began developing the Van Cortlandt House on the property in 1748. According to the Van Cortlandt House Museum, Frederick likely did not build the house himself, despite being credited as the builder. Frederick's family used the Tippett house while their new structure was being built. The

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The dining room is in the eastern wing, separated from the eastern parlor by the rear hall, and is designed in a late-18th-century style. It was likely not originally used for meals, as Americans generally did not have dedicated dining rooms prior to the American Revolution. The dining room had a

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The front hall is accessed from the main entrance on the south end of the building. Doorways with eared frames lead to parlors on the west and east walls. The front hall's floor is made of yellow pine boards covered by a canvas-painted cloth. The western wall of the front hall contains a U-shaped

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By the mid-1990s, some rooms had peeling paint or water damage, and there were concerns that the furniture had bug infestations. The museum's director Laura Carpenter Correa wanted to renovate the house for $ 1 million, and the house's roof was to be repaired with $ 250,000 from the New York City

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The family used the grist mill and saw mill next to the lake. Within the house, the family salted the pork and beef; cured the ham and bacon; and stored the various fruits that grew on the premises. The Van Cortlandts did not primarily live in that house, instead staying in Manhattan most of the

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Originally, there was a driveway from the side entrance to the front entrance. The driveway was paved with stones, so the house's occupants could hear visitors on the driveway before they arrived. The house's approach is flanked by gateposts that were once topped by wooden bird sculptures; these

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in 1960 to raise money for the house. By the 1970s, the house presented St. Nicholas Day performances, the Bronx Arts Ensemble's weekend concerts, Bronx Bicentennial activities, and demonstrations of Revolutionary-era military activities. In the late 20th century, the house continued to present

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By the early 1930s, the Van Cortlandt House saw 50,000 to 60,000 visitors each year, including many foreign-born visitors. A walnut tree was planted in front of the mansion in 1938, replacing an older tree underneath which Washington had once stood. The guns outside the Van Cortlandt House were

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allocated $ 15,000 that October for the garden. The Colonial Dames dedicated a tablet outside the mansion, which described the house's history, in late 1900. At the time, the museum had recorded more than 50,000 visitors over the previous four years. The next year, the old mill used by the Van

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When the house opened as a museum, the western parlor was set aside specifically as a museum, while the other rooms displayed memorabilia from Colonial Dames and their friends. In the house's early years, one room contained artifacts from the colonial and Revolutionary War eras. Old-fashioned

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on either side of the gateposts. The grounds surrounding the house were landscaped in what the historian Mary Lanman Ferris called "the Dutch manner of gardening". These included manmade terraces, large box trees, and water features such as fountains. The mansion was also surrounded by large

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masks. The grotesques bear various facial expressions, and each mask has a distinct design, representing a different Cortlandt. Local historian William Arthur Tieck said that the bricks were laid so the highest-quality brick faced outward, while ordinary brick faced inward. According to the

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In general, the interior has a Georgian-style design and layout, and the rooms had fireplaces on their north walls and windows on at least one of the other three walls. Elaborately carved woodwork is used throughout the house, and there are several fireplaces with Dutch tiles.

1352:(LPC) designated the Van Cortlandt House as a city landmark in March 1966, and the Board of Estimate ratified the landmark designation that August. This made the mansion one of the first residences in the Bronx to be designated as a city landmark. The mansion was added to the 1217:, such as handmade liquor bottles that had been excavated in 1902. During the 1910s and 1920s, the house had several pieces of colonial and Dutch furniture, and one parlor was cited as having a Chippendale mirror and a secretarial desk. The upstairs rooms retained their old 721:

New York City annexed the southern part of Westchester County in 1874, and the Van Cortlandt estate became part of the Bronx. The Van Cortlandts were looking to sell their land by the 1870s because of the area's increasing urbanization. In June 1884, New York governor

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by the British in 1664, the claim to the estate was awarded to van der Donck's brother-in-law, Elias Doughty, who proceeded to sell off the portions of the property. Doughty sold a 2,000-acre (810 ha) tract, including the site of the Van Cortlandt House, to

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The kitchen is within the raised basement. The walls of the basement are 3 feet (0.91 m) thick, a defensive measure, and are made of plaster on stone. There are two small windows near the top of the western wall, which may have been intended as defensive

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The Colonial Dames began raising money in the early 1910s for an expansion of the museum's collection. The Dames also announced plans to build an annex to the house, but Park Board landscape architect Charles Downing Lay vetoed these plans in April 1912. The

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repainted in 1889. For several years thereafter, the family of the house's caretaker were the only residents, and military officers used the house once a year during field day activities in the park. Until 1896, the mansion also served as a barracks for the

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neutral. Augustus Van Cortlandt hid city records under Vault Hill to protect them during the war, turning them over to the new American government afterward. Some members of the Van Cortlandt family continued to reside at the mansion during most of the war.

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old-growth trees. In the early 1900s, a Dutch garden was built just south of the mansion, with a canal on three sides, a fountain in the center, and four square sections around it. The garden has since been replaced with trees and a herb garden.

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Park Board voted in 1894 to add an inscription honoring Washington to the mansion. In early 1896, the Society of Colonial Dames of the State of New York applied to the park commissioners for permission to repair the mansion and operate it as a

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burial ground to the north of the mansion, was created in 1749, and Frederick was interred there. After its completion, the Van Cortlandt House was often called the manor house, although this was a misnomer, as the "manor" name applied to the

673:, took over the property. Washington returned to the house in 1781 to strategize with Rochambeau while their troops waited outside on what is now the Parade Ground and Vault Hill. Although Washington had wanted to scout British forts in 898:

the parlors were repainted in their original colors. The renovation, which cost $ 571,900, reopened in December 1988 to celebrate Van Cortlandt Park's 100th anniversary. The Van Cortlandt Mansion was one of the founding members of the

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The Colonial Dames took over the mansion on May 27, 1897, and opened the house to the public on that date. At the time, the Van Cortlandt Mansion was one of a few old residences preserved on public grounds in New York City, along with

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reported in the mid-1940s that the Van Cortlandt House had 100,000 annual visitors. NYC Parks announced plans in 1953 to install an iron fence around the mansion at a cost of $ 26,424; the fence had been relocated from the median of

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Cortlandt family was destroyed by lightning. A statue of National Guard major-general Josiah Porter was dedicated behind the house in 1902, and the colonial garden adjacent to the mansion was completed in 1903. A window from the old

393:. It is surrounded by the park's Parade Ground to the north, the Memorial Grove to the west, a swimming pool and the Van Cortlandt Stadium to the south, and a burial ground and Van Cortlandt Lake to the east. The nearest street is 1150:

wainscoting, and a chimney occupies the north wall. Atop the wall was a ceiling molding, which likely dated from the 19th century. An 18th-century ceiling molding and fireplace mantel were restored in a subsequent renovation.

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time. Two early historians wrote that James Van Cortlandt frequently intervened on behalf of neighbors who had been robbed. The family often invited civilian and military officials to the mansion, serving lobsters from the

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made the house his headquarters on November 13, 1776, placing it behind British-held ground. Hessian troops had pillaged the mansion before Howe's arrival, and various documents were as such scattered. Royal Navy admiral

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On the second floor, there is a hallway in the center of the southern wing, which connects with the house's main stairway. At the south end of the hallway is a sash window with inward-facing shutters and a seating area.

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In the 21st century, the museum hosted events such as historical reenactments. The museum gives tours throughout the year, including both self-guided tours and those led by docents. The house also hosts special events.

4517: 420:. The house and surrounding landscape are preserved as part of Van Cortlandt Park, although the fields around the mansion date from the Parade Ground's construction in the late 19th century. The grounds overlooked the 9518: 5275: 8909: 516:

to the south, made it easy for Van Cortlandt to ship grain and timber products by water. In 1732, Van Cortlandt acquired an additional parcel from the Tippett family. The estate was passed in 1739 to Jacobus's son

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Frederick died before the house was finished, and he bequeathed the estate to his son, Jacobus (James) Van Cortlandt. His bequest also included either 11 or 12 slaves who worked on the plantation. Vault Hill, the

1980:"New York's New Dutch Colonial Garden; To Be Watered by a Genuine Dutch Canal, with Dutch Fish Swimming in It – Will Be a Quaint Reminder of Old New Amsterdam – To Be Near Old Manor House in Van Cortlandt Park" 2620:"Bridges Proclaim Might of New York; Metropolis Has Forty-four Spans, Each Making a Contribution to the Life of Its Millions – Now The Great Structure Over the Hudson River Is Destined to Dwarf All the Others" 4094: 1245:

it showed glass, silverware, china, and pottery from the 17th and 18th centuries during the 1950s. The Colonial Dames has hosted live performances on the museum's behalf; for example, it staged a play at the

9310: 9458: 9360: 9290: 9085: 8837: 2445: 9443: 9350: 9270: 9205: 9190: 9095: 8822: 3445: 1713:"Van Cortlandt Mansion; Advantages It Possesses for Museum Uses. Itself a Relic of the Revolution – Occupied by Gen. Washington as a Reconnoitring Post – Charmingly Situated Amid His- Toric Surroundings" 4811:"In Old Window Unveiled; Colonial Dames' Ceremony at the Van Cortlandt Mansion. Relic of the Old Sugar House Presented by T.J. Oakley Rhinelander – Knickerbocker Families and Patriotic Societies Attend" 9295: 9175: 6792:"Laborers Unearth Bottles of Van Cortlandt "Cheer'; They Bear Seal of Former Owner of the Mansion and the Date 1765 – Famous Liquor Which Was Approved by Gen. Washington – Other Van Cortlandt Vintages" 2937:"Laborers Unearth Bottles of Van Cortlandt "Cheer'; They Bear Seal of Former Owner of the Mansion and the Date 1765 – Famous Liquor Which Was Approved by Gen. Washington – Other Van Cortlandt Vintages" 356:

The original house is L-shaped, with wings to the south and east; the caretaker's house to the north is attached to the rest of the structure. The mansion has a largely plain facade, except for brick

9335: 9325: 9300: 9285: 9280: 9230: 9170: 9165: 9145: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9105: 9070: 8979: 8919: 8914: 6110: 3953:"Uses for an Old Mansion: the Colonial Dames to Be in Charge They Will Restore the Van Cortlandt House to Its Original Condition, as Far as Possible—Visitors Will Be Welcome Washington Dined There". 9377: 9320: 9315: 9245: 9235: 9220: 9195: 9155: 9110: 9100: 8899: 9696: 9472: 9345: 9340: 9305: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9240: 9225: 9210: 9200: 9160: 9150: 9090: 9080: 9065: 7448: 5764: 5351: 5168: 4826: 3877: 1811: 9482: 9410: 9382: 9355: 9330: 9185: 9140: 7795: 6532: 5389: 4570: 1221:

with tapestries. The house displayed objects of various sizes, in addition to china and furniture. On the third floor, there was a nursery with children's objects such as a bed and tea dishes.

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took pictures of the mansion and other notable sites across the city; at the time, cameras were still relatively uncommon. The Van Cortlandt House was also depicted in a mural painted in the

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Prominent Families of New York: Being an Account in Biographical Form of Individuals and Families Distinguished as Representatives of the Social, Professional and Civic Life of New York City

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Jacobus Van Cortlandt acquired parcels from Philipse through 1699 and dammed Tibbetts Brook to create Van Cortlandt Lake. He and his wife largely lived in Manhattan but used the estate as a

9463: 8842: 7433:"Colonial Relics on View at Van Cortlandt Museum; Exhibition Arranged by National Society of Colonial Dames Contains Valuable Documents, Books and Paintings – Copy of Columbia's Black Book" 1995: 7729: 4041: 1728: 949:

in Westchester County. The house has an L-shaped plan, with wings extending along the south and east sides. The southern wing was probably completed first, followed by the eastern wing. A

9492: 9487: 9477: 3827:"Augustus Van Cortlandt Dies; Once Ran Bronx Farm, Now Park: Son of Owner Who Sold 640-Acre Tract to City in 1899 Was Descendant of Pioneer Dutch Settlers; Moved to Connecticut in 1913". 3537: 1592: 902:, established in 1989. At the time, the house's roof needed to be replaced. By the early 1990s, the house was open five days a week and charged admission fees at all times. Students from 6187: 1088:

has two paneled doors and a set of shelves for storing porcelain. The rest of the north wall is painted blue and is paneled, while the three other walls are made of white plaster with a

9741: 9497: 681:. Washington lit campfires outside the house to deceive the British into thinking that his troops were still on the grounds. Washington used the house one final time in 1783 after the 9502: 9405: 1002:, the Van Cortlandt House was the only structure in the area that used grotesque masks as decoration, although Mathews cited the decorations as having been common in the Netherlands. 9551: 9428: 9400: 9265: 8854: 5068: 1103:

To the right (east) of the front hall is the eastern parlor, which was intended as a formal room. It was likely used for tea and card games. Each wall is covered in paneling with a

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acquired in the 1690s. Frederick began constructing the building in 1748, although he did not live to see its completion, and Frederick's son James inherited the house. During the

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said in 1901 that the house preserved "all the glory of that interesting era dear to those who love to read the history of New York before it was so cosmopolitan", while another

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at the top. This room has a fireplace, which was probably added after the house was finished. The fireplace has a marble hearth with a wood molding, as well as a carved marble

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The Van Cortlandt House is the oldest known surviving house in what is now the Bronx, as well as one of three surviving 18th-century buildings in the borough. Along with the

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In 1889, one reporter described the building as "solid, substantial, massive", having been preserved "in splendid condition". After the house was converted into a museum,

529:. Horses, oxen, cattle, hogs, sheep, and hens roamed across the farm, while crops such as flax and fruits were grown there. Several slaves also worked on the plantation. 8936: 8404: 7548: 989:. The windowsills were incorporated into the outer walls, and the sills on the second story are of a slightly different design from those on the first story. There are 9711: 9438: 9418: 9215: 9075: 8864: 8817: 6389: 1384: 1369: 1033:

windows protrude from the roof: three facing east, one facing west, and three facing south. Each dormer contains a six-over-six sash window, and there is a triangular

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James Van Cortlandt moved away during the war because of his poor health, and he died in 1781. Because James had no children, his younger brother, New York City Clerk

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Leimbach, Dulcie (May 10, 1991). "For Children: An outing in Van Cortlandt Park, from the elegance of a 1748 mansion to the rough-and-tumble of Gaelic football".

5829: 2429: 1957: 8941: 8894: 8282: 8045:"The Camera to Preserve New York's Old Buildings; The Art Commission Has Begun Photographing Landmarks, So That Future Generations May Have Them in Picture Form" 6653: 1374: 5959: 4773:"Seven Years in the Jungle; Many Adventures of a Dutch Collector of Rare Butterflies in the Unexplored Forests of Dutch Guiana – Lived Some Time with Cannibals" 3429: 2706: 8926: 8794: 8721: 8312: 6148: 3737: 742:

described the house and surrounding property as having "for generations symbolized the vast wealth in real estate amassed by Oloff and Jacobus Van Cortlandt".

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in 1976. The LPC designated the interiors of the Van Cortlandt Mansion as a city landmark in July 1975; the designation covered several Georgian-style rooms.

9706: 6094: 5655: 3481: 1041:. At the time of the house's construction, not many houses used multiple stacks, but this arrangement allowed heat to be provided to the majority of rooms. 497:. When Philipse's wife died, he remarried the daughter of Dutch brewer Oloff Stevense Van Cortlandt, herself a widow. Philipse's daughter Eva later married 9526: 8931: 8874: 1675: 1630: 1487: 361:

operates tours and educational programs. Critics have praised both the museum's exhibits and the house's architecture. The house's facade and interior are

5860: 5749:"To the Bronx Historian, What's Past Is Destiny; Absorbed With Heritage An Affinity for Marble Hill No Money to Rebuild Wall Remnants of Colonists' Forts" 5310: 4860: 4600: 144: 9031: 9021: 5793: 830: 5206: 2835: 9676: 7432: 5748: 5458: 5335: 5152: 4810: 4210: 3861: 1795: 7779: 6516: 5373: 5259: 4554: 2051: 973:

bearing the year 1748. The first story is raised above the ground, so there are several entrances with wooden porches, each of which contains a small

8869: 8085: 8044: 6791: 5580: 4772: 4126: 3210: 2936: 2619: 2468: 1181: 416:

was formed along the brook's course. When the house was built in 1748, it stood on the eastern slope of a set of hills along the eastern bank of the

8762: 7893: 4279: 3127: 9686: 7617: 7394: 6318: 5550: 4727:"Porter Statue Unveiled: Daughter of the General Performs Ceremony—Mayor Low Speaks at the Unveiling Yesterday of the General Josiah Porter Statue" 1892: 1177: 859: 713:

Augustus White Van Cortlandt moved the mill on the estate to the shore of Van Cortlandt Lake in 1823. The estate's slaves were freed in 1827, when

3062:

Naval Documents of The American Revolution VOLUME I : American Theatre Dec. 1, 1774–Sept. 2, 1775; European Theatre Dec. 6, 1774–Aug. 9, 1775

1979: 580:. The mansion was also called "Lower Cortlandt's" to reduce confusion with Frederick Van Cortlandt's farm, "Upper Cortlandt's", west of Broadway. 9531: 8886: 8656: 8641: 8560: 7713: 6448: 6219: 4025: 1712: 1576: 1349: 1311:

characterized the house in 1995 as being "highly significant to the history of the nation" due to its use during the American Revolutionary War.

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was brought to the Bronx in 1903 and installed next to the mansion. By 1908, the mansion was easily accessible from the rest of the city via the

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The house has been shown in various media works. The Van Cortlandt House's historical importance had been recognized as early as 1914, when the

9671: 7066: 6171: 4660:"Tablet for Historic Spot: Two Hundred Colonial Dames Attend Unveiling Ceremonies at Van Cortlandt Mansion-- Mrs. Samuel Ver-planck's Speech". 8727:(Report). the Administrator's Office Van Cortlandt & Pelham Bay Parks, City of New York Parks & Recreation. June 1986. Archived from 7753: 1299:

said in 1919 that the house displayed too many objects that "are not relevant to the house or its history and are misleading in suggestion".

7968:"Famous Mansions in New York: Fine Homes Also Along the Hudson, but Not So Many-- City Had Three "Kissing Bridges" Famous Early New York". 2566: 1379: 889:

was also involved in the house's maintenance, although the Colonial Dames still operated the house and provided decorations and furniture.

5052: 2057:(Report). Administrator's Office, Van Cortlandt & Pelham Bay Parks, City of New York Parks & Recreation. p. 4. Archived from 1115:

underneath. Above the fireplace is an overmantel with a frieze, eared moldings, and a broken pediment with an urn; the overmantel depicts

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stairway, which ascends to the second and third stories. The inner portion of the stairway has a railing with turned balusters, a round

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with twelve panes over twelve. The original windows were transparent but, by the end of the 19th century, had gained the appearance of

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scrapped in 1942 after then–parks commissioner Robert Moses found that the weaponry was "of neither historic nor esthetic value". The

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History of Westchester County: New York, Including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which Have Been Annexed to New York City

820:

A colonial garden around the house was approved in May 1897 and announced to the public that July. New York City park superintendent

472:

Native Americans occupied the site of the Van Cortlandt Mansion, and there was a nearby Native American village known as Keskeskick.

5603: 3211:"General Howe's Orders Turn Up; New York Records of His Aid, Found in Scotland, Show Romance in Countersign Books Hidden Many Years" 953:

was added to the house in the 19th century, while a caretaker's apartment (adjacent to the main house) dates to before World War I.

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and hams from the estate's grounds. Slaves performed many of the tasks around the house, including laundry, cleaning, and cooking.

3025:

Dunham, Elizabeth N. (December 27, 1931). "Old Mansions in New York: a Glimpse of Colonial Days in the Midst of the Modern City".

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wrote in 1915 that "this house helps us to picture their days of generous means and dignified living". Conversely, a writer for

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said: "The house alone, on account of its shapely architecture and quaint furnishings, is worth a visit to park". A writer for

1124: 8388: 1192: 460: 8780: 8608: 7532: 7102: 6452: 6223: 1556: 6381: 3775:"Cultural Resource Assessment: Proposed Croton Water Treatment Plant Mosholu Site, Van Cortlandt Park Bronx County New York" 3273: 2310: 1319:

wrote in 2001 that the house's "almost rustic Georgian simplicity" contrasted with the grandeur of the Bartow–Pell Mansion.

8988: 8809: 8668: 1468: 1353: 559:, a small mill, and the Van Cortlandts' previous residence. To the northeast of the mansion were woodlands. In Frederick's 61: 6411: 9634: 8430: 8335: 8228: 7915: 7326: 7257: 7223: 7154: 6382:"Van Cortlandt House Museum and Van Cortlandt Park Nature Center Telecommunication Lines Reconstruction : NYC Parks" 5883: 5714: 5122: 4958: 4696: 4622: 4479: 4164: 3585: 3381: 2781: 2506: 1514: 7818: 7643: 5480: 4928: 4882: 4726: 3893: 2992: 2514: 8190: 7992:"A Doughty Band of Preservationists is Battling 'Progress' to Defend City's Few Standing Landmarks from Wrecker's Ball" 7570: 6970: 5821: 1933: 916: 8266: 6637: 9691: 8595: 5943: 3163: 2698: 658: 362: 8728: 8683:

Historical Sketch of the Van Cortlandt House Prepared for the Society of the Colonial Dames of the State of New York

8304: 6132: 3729: 476:, a Dutch settler, was the first European to occupy the Van Cortlandt House's site, having bought the land from the 7991: 5913: 4246: 1100:

at the ceiling. The south wall has three windows. There was a group of seats next to the window on the south wall.

805:. It was also one of the first historic house museums in the city; it was followed by other residences such as the 454: 493:, and Thomas Lewis. Philipse bought out Delavall's and Lewis's land shares, making the land part of the expansive 5647: 3473: 886: 825: 768: 686: 653: 35: 5297: 1659: 1614: 1495: 666:

he died in the house just after his fiancée arrived, giving rise to rumors that Rowe's ghost haunted the house.

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From Private To Public: The Changing Landscape of Van Cortlandt Park; Bronx, New York In The Nineteenth Century

5852: 5153:"Colonial Mansion is Reproduced Here; National Dames Plan to Make New Home Here Typical of Pre-Revolution Days" 4852: 4592: 4280:"Its a Public Museum Now; Society of Colonial Dames Formally Takes Possession of the Old Van Cortlandt Mansion" 2306: 1180:

owns the Van Cortlandt House. The National Society of Colonial Dames in the State of New York, a branch of the

609: 5786: 5260:"46 Guns and Tank to Join War Scrap; Outmoded Park Decorations to Be Salvaged by the City Are Listed by Moses" 2819: 9736: 9701: 5190: 3522:"Historic Estate Going at Auction; Last Section of Ancient Van Cortlandt Tract to Pass from Heirs Next Month" 1291: 613: 5442: 4518:

Board of Commissioners of the NYC Dept of Public Parks – Minutes and Documents: May 3, 1897 – April 28, 1898

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Board of Commissioners of the NYC Dept of Public Parks – Minutes and Documents: May 1, 1893 – April 25, 1894

3862:"City's Last Colonial Estate to Be Sold; Van Cortlandt Property, a Mile of Broadway Front, Going at Auction" 8664: 2058: 1323: 1281: 710:, and Henry's son Augustus White was allowed to have the house if he changed his surname to Van Cortlandt. 617: 526: 425: 8569: 5572: 7885: 5305: 5012: 3782: 3637: 3119: 759: 8957: 8767:

Frederick Van Cortlandt Mansion, Broadway & Two-hundred-forty-second Street, Bronx, Bronx County, NY

8086:"Weather in 1783 Bronx Art Issue; Painting in the Court House Shows Washington Amid Blossoms on Nov. 23" 7609: 5542: 1893:"Bronx Borough's Beautiful Parks; Contain Over Four Thousand Acres – Pelham Bay Park's Many Attractions" 9584: 8478:

Van Cortlandt Park Parade Ground; Phase 1A Archaeological Investigation; Borough of the Bronx, New York

1547: 1357: 849: 793: 605: 577: 366: 350: 70: 8621:

The Story of the Bronx from the Purchase Made by the Dutch from the Indians in 1639 to the Present Day

8582:

Van Cortlandt Mansion: Erected 1748, Now in the Custody of the Colonial Dames of the State of New York

9726: 8151: 7859: 7714:"Opera: 'Old Maid and Thief' And 'Secret of Suzanna'; 2 Free Baroque Concerts In the Bronx on Sunday" 4351:"Colonial Dames Receive: Van Cortlandt Mansion, Now the Home of the Dames, Thrown Open to Visitors". 2857: 2020: 1289:

article in 1911 said that the house by itself was a reason to visit Van Cortlandt Park. A writer for

7780:"Notes: A Tale of Alice and the Piano; Worth a Real Cheer Music Notes: Bronx Festivities In a Hurry" 7058: 4883:"Subway Zone Enlarged: Broadway Spur to 242d St. Improves Transit Facilities of a Charming District" 3430:"Neighborhood Report: Van Cortlandt Park; 1748 Mansion Full of History but Needs $ 1 Million in TLC" 3565: 1796:"Work of Colonial Dames; Conversion of the Van Cortlandt Mansion into a Museum of Colonial History" 806: 477: 394: 8619: 7745: 5096:(Report). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. December 31, 1914. pp. 126, 128. 4127:"Startled the Park Commissioners; Contractor Dwyer Called Architect Wolf a Liar in Their Presence" 3272:. History of the City of New York: Its Origin, Rise and Progress. A. S. Barnes. pp. 457–458. 1120: 730:

into law, authorizing the creation of a system of parks in the Bronx, including what would become

8476:

Baldwin, Geraldine E.; Chadwick, William R.; Heaton, Patrick J.; Klein, Joel I. (November 2007).

6013: 1327: 1308: 990: 868: 772: 538: 518: 357: 313: 2558: 1273:

wrote that the house was "one of the most interesting relics of the Colonial period", while the

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events such as concerts, St. Nicholas Day carols, children's programs, and historical lectures.

9011: 4100:(Report). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. April 30, 1894. pp. 242, 307. 1037:

above each window. The house contained multiple brick chimney stacks, similar to manors in the

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to the west, and Tibbetts Brook to the east; the view to the south was interrupted by hills in

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History of the City of New York: History of the City of New York: externals of modern New York

3153: 508:

in the early 18th century. The property's proximity to Tibbetts Brook, which drained into the

9731: 9026: 9006: 8672: 8600: 8580: 8364: 8130: 8026: 7973: 7950: 7514: 7483: 7308: 7200: 7092: 6714: 6261: 6075: 5994: 5690: 5523: 5424: 5241: 4974: 4898: 4742: 4673: 4456: 4451:"Interior Architecture: the American Wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City". 4395: 4364: 4333: 4076: 3966: 3840: 3358: 3030: 2665: 2395: 1949: 1473: 999: 928: 789: 764: 734:. The act gave the city the right to acquire 700 acres (280 ha) from Augustus Bibby via 697: 645: 498: 473: 421: 346: 331: 305: 202: 8691: 8477: 5016:(Report). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. December 29, 1913. p. 192. 3774: 9610: 8630: 1422: 1275: 1097: 974: 899: 834: 775:

used the house as well, and the bison themselves stayed there until they were moved to the

633: 568: 513: 398: 339: 8553: 4959:"Vetoes Annex to Mansion: Architect of Park Board Opposes Addition to Van Cortlandt House" 8: 9598: 8637: 4555:"New Colonial Garden; Will Be a Wilderness of Flowers and Hedges and Have Numerous Paths" 4320:"Museum for Revolution Relics.: Colonial Dames to Fit Up the Old Van Cortlandt Mansion". 1412:

may have been finished in 1747, but there is no documentation to definitively prove this.

1214: 714: 652:. After Washington's troops were defeated in the Battle of White Plains, British General 629: 573: 31: 8368: 6404: 6374: 6062:

Schneider, Steve (March 22, 1993). "Grounds for Battle Indian site in park in dispute".

4523:(Report). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. April 30, 1898. p. 31. 1080:

at the bottom, and square newels on each landing. The stairway's outer wall has paneled

8590: 8540: 8532: 6095:"Neighborhood Report: Van Cortlandt; Historians Cry 'Fault' Over Tennis Court Proposal" 4226: 1269: 1246: 1064: 731: 560: 486: 413: 378: 301: 124: 5374:"Hamilton's Home in Need of Repair; The Van Cortlandt House Contrasts With Hamilton's" 3191: 215: 9567: 8604: 8571:

A history of the county of Westchester, from its first settlement to the present time

8544: 8524: 8396: 8274: 8236: 8198: 8159: 8122: 8093: 8052: 7826: 7787: 7721: 7675: 7578: 7540: 7506: 7475: 7440: 7402: 7364: 7300: 7265: 7192: 7098: 6837: 6799: 6706: 6645: 6524: 6288: 6253: 6179: 6140: 6102: 6067: 5986: 5951: 5756: 5682: 5611: 5515: 5450: 5416: 5381: 5343: 5267: 5233: 5198: 5160: 5060: 4966: 4890: 4818: 4780: 4734: 4665: 4630: 4562: 4487: 4421: 4387: 4356: 4325: 4287: 4172: 4134: 4068: 4033: 3958: 3869: 3832: 3648: 3529: 3437: 3350: 3218: 3159: 2944: 2827: 2627: 2476: 2437: 2387: 1987: 1941: 1900: 1842: 1803: 1720: 1667: 1622: 1584: 1552: 1331: 1202: 878: 678: 637: 593: 522: 494: 7470:"17th, 18th Century Tableware Shown: Van Cortlandt Museum Puts Rare Items on View". 1334:

in 1981, and the mansion stood in for an Irish house on an episode of the TV series

1330:

in 1934. In addition, a depiction of the house was displayed at the City Gallery at

689:

were getting ready to enter the island, stopping over at the house before doing so.

8992: 8516: 8505:"The Archaeology of Slavery at the Van Cortlandt Plantation in the Bronx, New York" 7053: 7051: 6517:"4 City Sites Named U.S. Landmarks; 15 Others Over the Nation Are Also Recommended" 5309:. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. February 26, 1953. PDF p. 119. 1409: 1336: 1225: 1108: 903: 877:

in Manhattan. During the late 1950s, a group led by New York State Assembly member

723: 583: 382: 8649: 7295:"Cortlandt Mansion: Prints and Samplers Exhibited by Colonial Dames of New-york". 7224:"Description of Restoration of the Colonial Interior in the Van Cortlandt Mansion" 6441: 6212: 5091:

Park Board of the NYC Dept of Parks – Minutes: January 8, 1914 – December 31, 1914

5005:

Park Board of the NYC Dept of Parks – Minutes: January 2, 1913 – December 29, 1913

4026:"Park Board Meeting.; a Museum for Relics May Be Made of the Van Cortland Mansion" 2430:"Neighborhood Report: Riverdale; Seeking Laurels for an Outpost of the Revolution" 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 824:

began constructing the colonial garden that August at a cost of $ 50,000, and the

8681: 8375: 8134: 8030: 7977: 7518: 7487: 7204: 5527: 5428: 5336:"City Shifting Iron Fence; Van Cortlandt Mansion in Park to Get Added Protection" 5245: 3844: 3267: 2669: 2302: 1218: 874: 767:, which had been assigned to guard the bison that roamed Van Cortlandt Park. The 685:. The British had just withdrawn their troops from Manhattan, and Washington and 674: 490: 8690: 7954: 7312: 7048: 6718: 6265: 6079: 5998: 5906: 5694: 4978: 4902: 4746: 4677: 4460: 4399: 4368: 4337: 4080: 3970: 3758: 3362: 3047: 3034: 2751: 2399: 2336: 2191: 2142: 1953: 8772: 1826: 1307:

said in 1984 that it was the Bronx's "most prestigious house". Bronx historian

966: 821: 802: 735: 556: 481: 441: 429: 409: 8520: 2015: 2013: 563:, signed on October 2, 1749, he indicated that the house was almost complete. 9665: 8528: 8400: 8278: 8240: 8202: 8163: 8126: 8097: 8056: 7830: 7791: 7725: 7679: 7582: 7544: 7510: 7479: 7444: 7406: 7395:"Pictures in Needlework; Van Cortlandt Manor House Has an Unusual Exhibition" 7368: 7304: 7269: 7196: 6841: 6803: 6710: 6649: 6528: 6292: 6257: 6183: 6144: 6106: 6071: 5990: 5955: 5760: 5686: 5615: 5519: 5454: 5420: 5385: 5347: 5271: 5237: 5202: 5164: 5064: 4970: 4894: 4822: 4784: 4738: 4669: 4634: 4566: 4491: 4425: 4391: 4360: 4329: 4291: 4176: 4138: 4072: 4037: 3962: 3873: 3836: 3652: 3533: 3441: 3354: 3222: 2948: 2831: 2631: 2480: 2441: 2391: 1991: 1945: 1904: 1807: 1724: 1671: 1626: 1588: 1316: 1147: 1038: 814: 727: 390: 297: 159: 146: 132: 6962: 6352:"Take a sneak peek back in history to the oldest historic home in the Bronx" 5677:

Buckley, Tom (April 9, 1976). "About New York: When the Bronx Was British".

677:, his troops instead headed south to Virginia, defeating the British in the 338:

and Georgian-style interiors. It served as a residence of one branch of the

2010: 1542: 1116: 1029:

with a slate surface; there are no railings or decks above the roof. Seven

1026: 986: 521:. When Frederick inherited the land, the site was considered part of lower 509: 417: 106: 2699:"'Jonkheer' Van der Donck's Land, Now Van Cortlandt, Shown in Indian Raid" 9622: 8987: 8692:

Van Cortlandt Park, Borough of the Bronx: Restoration Master Plan, Part 1

8552:

Bankoff, H. Arthur; Winter, Frederick A.; Ricciardi, Christopher (1992).

1934:"Dutch Colonial Garden: One of the New Attractions of Van Cortlandt Park" 1081: 982: 970: 707: 8766: 8536: 8504: 6213:

National Society of Colonial Dames in the State of New York Headquarters

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cookware was exhibited in the kitchen. The western parlor had a pair of

1229: 962: 810: 662: 505: 8554:

Archaeological Excavations at Van Cortlandt Park, The Bronx, 1990–1992

2660:

Saward, Frederick Edward (May 11, 1901). "The Van Cortlandt Mansion".

1303:

paneling and furnishings of the first rank", while a reporter for the

555:

of the Van Cortlandt House. East of the mansion was a mill dam across

1093: 1089: 1022: 994: 776: 433: 386: 293: 8720: 3716: 3196:. New York: New York Historical Society. 1883. pp. 99, 405–407. 2274: 2130: 2111: 1577:"Metropolitan Baedeker; The Bucolic Pleasures Of Van Cortlandt Park" 604:

The Van Cortlandt family land served as a neutral ground during the

6957: 6955: 3345:"Van Cortlandt Mansion: Open to Sightseers Every Day in the Week". 1034: 8021:

Martin, Josh (September 30, 1984). "Finding Beauty in the Bronx".

6412:"Van Cortlandt House Museum Fence Reconstruction : NYC Parks" 3064:. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office. p. 572. 2553: 2551: 8648: 8459: 7949:. Vol. 116, no. 2282. September 17, 1919. p. 376. 6919: 6756: 6346: 6344: 4012: 1463: 1206: 1104: 1014: 950: 625: 377:

The Van Cortlandt House is located at the southwestern corner of

9048: 6952: 4455:. Vol. 126, no. 2459. November 19, 1924. p. 489. 3193:

Collections of the New-York Historical Society for the Year 1883

1551:(5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 873. 9697:

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in the Bronx

6172:"For Caretakers, a Rent-Free Life in New York's Historic Homes" 3205: 3203: 2548: 1887: 1885: 1233: 1112: 1030: 1018: 981:

The window openings are surrounded by brick frames and contain

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in 1646. Van der Donck died in 1655. Following the takeover of

469: 335: 9593: 8117:"Lyons Defends Mural Depicting Flowers in Bronx in November". 6341: 6311: 3786:. Historical Perspectives, Inc. October 30, 1998. p. 15. 3769: 3767: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 9628: 8221: 8075: 7425: 7387: 7349: 5435: 5366: 5328: 5252: 5145: 4803: 4765: 4406: 3712: 3710: 2745: 2303:"1916 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report" 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 1077: 927:

The house, designed by an unknown architect, is built in the

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