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Bharadwaja, Narada and others, dealing, not with the mysticism of ancient Hindu philosophy of Atman or
Brahman, but with more mundane things vital for the existence of man and progress of nations both in times of peace and war. One manuscript dealt with Aeronautics, construction of various types of aircraft for civil aviation and for warfare. Mr. Josyer showed some types of designs and drawing of a helicopter-type cargo-loading plane, specially meant for carrying combustibles and ammunition, passenger aircraft carrying 400 to 500 persons, double and treble-decked aircraft. Each of these types had been fully described.
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385:. You just have to buy into the assumption that 'channeling' works. ... there is no exposition of the theory of aviation (let alone antigravity). In plain terms, the VS. never directly explains how Vimanas get up in the air. The text is top-heavy with long lists of often bizarre ingredients used to construct various subsystems. ... There is nothing here which
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glorify whatever they can find about our past, even without valid evidence". By tracing the provenance of the manuscript, interviewing associates of
Shastry (including G. V. Sharma to whom the text was originally dictated), and based on the linguistic analysis of the text, the review concluded that it came into existence sometime between 1900 and 1922.
231:, in 1974 concluded that the aircraft described in the text were "poor concoctions" and that the author showed a complete lack of understanding of aeronautics. Regarding the "Rukma Vimana", the study noted, "If the craft is taken to mean what the drawing and the text say, it can be stated that the craft is a decided impossibility".
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and the principles of propulsion make them resist rather than assist flying. The text and the drawings do not correlate with each other even thematically. The drawings definitely point to a knowledge of modern machinery. This can be explained on the basis of the fact that Shri
Ellappa who made the drawings was in a local
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Any reader by now would have concluded the obvious – that the planes described above are the best poor concoctions, rather than expressions of something real. None of the planes has properties or capabilities of being flown; the geometries are unimaginably horrendous from the point of view of flying;
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The existence of the text was revealed in 1952 by G. R. Josyer who asserted that it was written by Pandit
Subbaraya Shastry (1866–1940), who dictated it during the years 1918–1923. A Hindi translation was published in 1959, while the Sanskrit text with an English translation was published
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and was thus familiar with names and details of some machinery. Of course the text retains a structure in language and content from which its 'recent nature' cannot be asserted. We must hasten to point out that this does not imply an oriental nature of the text at all. All that may be said is that
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as well as an M.Tech. degree. Bodas, speaking to the news media, has said that the aeroplanes of Vedic times could fly not only from country to country, but also "from planet to planet." "In those days, aeroplanes were huge in size, and could move left, right, as well as backwards, unlike modern
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A critical review pronounced Josyer's introduction to be "least scholarly by any standards" and said that "the people connected with publication – directly or indirectly – are solely to blame either for distorting or hiding the history of the manuscripts", perhaps in an attempt to "eulogise and
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The existence of the text was revealed in 1952 by G. R. Josyer. Josyer asserted that it was written by Pandit
Subbaraya Shastry (1866–1940), who dictated it during the years 1918–1923. A Hindi translation was published in 1959, while the Sanskrit text with an English translation was
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Mr. G. R. Josyer, Director of the
International Academy of Sanskrit Research in Mysore, in the course of an interview recently, showed some very ancient manuscripts which the Academy had collected. He claimed that the manuscripts were several thousands of years old, compiled by ancient rishis,
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starts with a quantitative description, as though a particular aircraft is being described. The topics covered include, "definition of an airplane, a pilot, aerial routes, food, clothing, metals, metal production, mirrors and their uses in wars, varieties of machinery and yantras, planes like
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the year before. In the foreword to the 1973 publication that contained the full
Sanskrit text with English translation, Josyer quotes a 1952 press release of his which was "published in all the leading dailies of India, and was taken up by Reuter and other World Press News Services":
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couldn't have dreamed up, no mention of exotic elements or advanced construction techniques. The 1923 technical illustration based on the text ... are absurdly un-aerodynamic. They look like brutalist wedding cakes, with
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was first committed to writing between 1918 and 1923, and nobody is claiming that it came from some mysterious antique manuscript. The fact is, there are no manuscripts of this text before 1918, and
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described were aeronautically unfeasible. The authors remarked that the discussion of the principles of flight in the text were largely perfunctory and incorrect, in some cases violating
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planes which only fly forward," he added. Ram Prasad
Gandhiraman, a NASA scientist, launched an on-line petition demanding that the talk be cancelled as it represents pseudoscience.
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thematically the drawings ought to be ruled out of discussion. And the text, as it stands, is incomplete and ambiguous by itself and incorrect at many places.
489:. According to Regal, vimanas are one of the common attempts to fit elements of ancient cultures into contemporary narratives. When put under scrutiny, the
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Its existence was first announced publicly in a 1952 press release by G.R. Josyer, who had founded his "International
Academy of Sanskrit Research" in
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Unlike modern treatises on aeronautics that begin by discussing the general principles of flight before detailing concepts of aircraft design, the
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wings and dinky propellers. In other words, they look like typical early 20th century fantasy flying machines with an Indian twist.
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Josyer then tells how he was visited by "Miss Jean Lyon, journalist of
Toronto and New York" for an interview, and how Lyon in her
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in 2005 compiled an online edition of Josyer's 1973 book, in the site's "UFOs" section. In his introduction, Hare writes
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Indian Science Congress: Vedic myth must not be masqueraded as science, says Nasa scientist, Firstpost, 31 December 2014
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are described in greater detail. The extant text is claimed to be only a small (one-fortieth) part of a larger work
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text, especially since its compilers supposedly had access to publications that did not make such errors (such as
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296:(1954) concluded that he was "guilty of a rabid nationalism, seeking to wipe out everything since the
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was included. It was delivered by Anand J. Bodas, a pilot, and Ameya Jadhav, who holds in an M.A. in
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Mukunda, H. S.; Deshpande, S. M.; Nagendra, H. R.; Prabhu, A. & Govindraju, S. P. (1974).
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An incomplete version, containing the first six chapters, archived by Sacred Texts web site
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Pseudo-science must not figure in Indian Science Congress, Mumbai Mirror, 31 December 2014
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in 8 chapters which Shastry claimed was psychically delivered to him by the ancient Hindu
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in 8 chapters which Shastry claimed was psychically delivered to him by the ancient Hindu
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An incomplete version, containing the first six chapters, archived by scribd.com
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Vimana in Ancient India : Aeroplanes Or Flying Machines in Ancient India
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A study by aeronautical and mechanical engineering researchers at the
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and vimanas are also mentioned in works about pseudoscience such as
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in January 2015 organised a session on "ancient sciences through
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that is supposed to fly like a bird with hinged wings and tail.
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2015 Indian Science Congress ancient aircraft controversy
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Vymaanika Shaastra - Aeronautics by Maharshi Bharadwaaja
187:"; or "science of aeronautics", sometimes also rendered
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584:, pseudoscientific book about Hinduism by Bhagwan Das
957:. Aeronautics Research and Development Board, India.
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567:, in Colombia, subject of pseudoarchaelogical claims
406:, found that the heavier-than-air aircraft that the
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in 1959 and later in English by G.R. Josyer, titled
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52:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
851:"A critical study of the work "Vyamanika Shastra""
259:manuscript appeared at Rajakiya Sanskrit Library,
251:. The text has gained favour among proponents of
220:. The text has gained favour among proponents of
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32:An editor has performed a search and found that
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953:M. P. Rao; et al. (1 June 2001).
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872:Parivrajaka, Swami Brahmamuni (1959).
487:Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia
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955:"Vymanika Shastra Rediscovered"
840:Kanjilal, Dileep Kumar (1985).
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209:in 1973. It contains 3000
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61:"Vaimānika Shāstra"
884:Shastry, Subbaraya
858:Scientific Opinion
565:Quimbaya artifacts
542:Mithun Chakraborty
515:-language film by
503:In popular culture
434:Dayanand Saraswati
365:J. B. Hare of the
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253:ancient astronauts
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925:Flights of fancy?
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396:ornithopter
387:Jules Verne
977:1973 books
966:Categories
864:2007-09-03
812:References
776:Regal 2009
759:Regal 2009
529:Hawaizaada
454:The 102nd
249:Bharadvaja
218:Bharadvaja
138:Indic text
72:newspapers
40:notability
794:The Hindu
509:Prapaatha
361:Appraisal
273:Bangalore
930:The Week
821:(1991).
549:See also
499:]".
472:Sanskrit
464:Sanskrit
392:minarets
193:Sanskrit
179:, lit. "
656:, p. 2.
513:Kannada
438:Rigveda
394:, huge
351:Tripura
343:Sundara
339:Shakuna
242:shlokas
211:shlokas
198:vimānas
185:Vimanas
181:shastra
86:scholar
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860:: 5–12
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532:about
349:, and
280:Mysore
261:Baroda
255:. The
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854:(PDF)
589:Notes
524:Hindi
483:Regal
347:Rukma
298:Vedas
265:Hindi
93:JSTOR
79:books
905:ISBN
827:ISBN
802:2010
724:help
705:help
652:help
622:help
383:hoax
373:The
246:sage
215:sage
167:The
65:news
927:,
496:sic
485:'s
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48:by
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