Utah War - Knowledge

1953:... Now, therefore I, James Buchanan, President of the United States of America, have thought proper to issue this, my Proclamation, enjoining upon all public officers in the Territory of Utah to be diligent and faithful, to the full extent of the power, in the execution of the laws; commanding all citizens of the United States in the said Territory to aid and assist the officers in the performance of their duties; offering the inhabitants of Utah, who shall submit to the laws, a free pardon for seditions and treasons heretofore by them committed; warning those who shall persist, after notice of this proclamation, in the present rebellion against the United States, that they must expect no further leniency, but look to be rigorously dealt with according to their desserts; and declaring that the military forces now in Utah, and hereafter to be sent there, will not be withdrawn until the inhabitants of that Territory shall manifest a proper sense of the duty which they owe to this government. 160: 1325:". Van Vliet found it impossible to persuade resentful Mormon leaders that the Army had peaceful intentions. He quickly recognized that supplies or accommodations for the Army would not be forthcoming. But Young told Van Vliet that the Mormons did not desire war, and "if we can keep the peace for this winter, I do think there will be something turned up that may save the shedding of blood". However, marking a change from earlier pronouncements, Young declared that under threat from an approaching army, he would not allow the new governor and federal officers to enter Utah. Nevertheless, Van Vliet told Young that he believed that the Mormons "have been lied about the worst of any people I ever saw". He promised to stop the Utah Expedition on his own authority, and on September 14, he returned east through the Mormon fortifications then being built in Echo Canyon (see below). 1639:, successfully fooled Cumming as to the size of the armed contingent lining the canyon. Mormon militia men marched in front of camp fires in circles at night to make it appear there were many shadows. When Cumming approached an encampment, the heavy set Governor lumbered over to speak to the saluting men telling them the conflict was over and they could return to their families. After each meeting, Cumming would travel with his escort to the next encampment down Echo Canyon to give the same address, not realizing many of the men had run through the dark ahead of the Governor with a small change of costume from the last encampment, making their numbers appear much larger than they were. Many of the Mormon militia men heard the Governor speech multiple times without being detected by Cumming. 1619:

although Young had expressed his willingness to accept such terms at the very beginning of the crisis. It is uncertain if Kane was able to convince Young at this time to allow the army into Utah. After his meeting with Brigham Young, Kane traveled to Camp Scott arriving on March 10, 1858. After deliberations, Governor Cumming and a small non-military escort which included Thomas Kane, left Camp Scott on April 5 and traveled to Salt Lake to formally install the new Governor. Governor Cumming was welcomed to Utah by "its most distinguished citizens" on April 12, 1858 and was shortly installed in his new office. Three days later, word was sent to Colonel Johnston that the Governor had been properly received by the people and was able to fully discharge his duties as Governor.

1946:, which arrived in June. The commission offered a free pardon to the Mormons for any acts incident to the conflict if they would submit to government authority. This included permitting Johnston's Army into the Territory. The commissioners further assured that the government would not interfere with their religion. They also hinted that once the new governor was installed and the laws yielded to, "a necessity will no longer exist to retain any portion of the army in the Territory, except what may be required to keep the Indians in check and to secure the passage of emigrants to California." While all these private assurances were inducements for the Latter-day Saints to bend to federal will, Buchanan maintained a tougher stance in his public statements. 1305:, an assistant quartermaster, and a small escort were ordered to proceed directly from Kansas to Salt Lake City, ahead of the main body of troops. Van Vliet carried a letter to Young from General Harney ordering Young to make arrangements for the citizens of Utah to accommodate and supply the troops once they arrived. However, Harney's letter did not mention that Young had been replaced as governor, nor did it detail what the mission of the troops would be once they arrived, and these omissions sparked even greater distrust among the Saints. On his journey, reports reached Van Vliet that his company might be in danger from Mormon raiders on the trail. The Captain, therefore, left his escort and proceeded alone. 610: 1402:. Associated horses and cattle were "liberated" from the supply trains and taken west by the militia. Few if any shots were fired in these exchanges, and the Army's lack of cavalry left them more or less open to Mormon raids. However, the army began to grow weary of the constant Mormon harassment throughout the fall. At one point, Colonel Alexander mounted roughly 100 men on army mules to combat the Mormon militia. In the early morning of 15 October, this "jackass cavalry" had a run-in with Lot Smith's command and fired over 30 bullets at the Mormons from 150 yards. No one was killed, but one Mormon took a bullet through his hat band, and one horse was grazed. 1842: 1818: 286: 247: 2347: 1350:

the approaching army. The most important provision forbade "all armed forces of every description from coming into this Territory, under any pretense whatsoever". It also commanded that "all the forces in said Territory hold themselves in readiness to march at a moment's notice to repel any and all such invasion." But more important to California and Oregon bound travelers was the third section that stated "Martial law is hereby declared to exist in this Territory ... and no person shall be allowed to pass or repass into, through or from this territory without a permit from the proper officer."

1359: 1539:, was upset that he had not been awarded command of the expedition's original exploratory mission. When Ives was chosen instead, he used the rumors of Indian unrest and purported Mormon designs on the Colorado river and successfully organized a second armed expedition in competition with Ives. He obtained an escort of soldiers commanded by Lt. James A. White from Fort Yuma's acting commander, Lt. A. A. Winder. On December 31, 1857, several days before Ives's arrival at Fort Yuma, Johnson's party steamed upstream from Yuma aboard the steamer 3052: 2873: 1261: 1603:

political cost to himself, and stated that he would pardon the Latter-day Saints for their actions if they would submit to government authority. He therefore granted Kane unofficial permission to attempt mediation, although he held little hope for the success of negotiations. Upon approval of his mission by the President, Kane immediately started for Utah. During the heavy winter of 1857–1858, he traveled under the alias "Dr. Osborne" over 3,000 miles from the East coast to Utah, first by ship to

1850: 1830: 258: 1015:, the Mormon use of ecclesiastical courts rather than the federal court system for civil matters, the legitimacy of land titles, water rights, and various other issues. Many of the federal officers were also appalled by the practice of polygamy and the Mormon belief system in general and would harangue the Mormons for their "lack of morality" in public addresses. This already tense situation was further exacerbated by a period of intense religious revival starting in late 1856 dubbed the " 775: 6817: 5675: 987:

community and were genuinely mourned for their deaths. Others had severe difficulties adjusting to the Mormon-dominated territorial government and the unique Mormon culture. Historian Norman Furniss writes that although some of these appointees were basically honest and well-meaning, many were highly prejudiced against the Mormons even before they arrived in the territory and woefully unqualified for their positions, while a few were down-right reprobates.

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Ives's expedition took on a new meaning. The War Department was now considering launching a second front in Utah via the Colorado. Ives, who had anticipated a leisurely ascent of the river, was instructed to disregard his original orders. He was now ordered to ascend the Colorado to the head of navigation with utmost speed to determine the feasibility of transporting troops and war material up the Colorado by steamer to the mouth of the

1094: 1979: 962: 1110: 643: 7915: 631: 759: 743: 727:. Their primary concern was to be governed by men of their own choosing rather than "unsympathetic carpetbag appointees", who they believed would be sent from Washington, D.C. if their region were given territorial status, as was customary. They believed that only through a state run by church leadership could they maintain their religious freedom. The U.S. Congress created the Utah Territory as part of the 4805: 36: 1317:

Smith, to which Van Vliet replied, "I do not think it is the intention of the government to arrest you," said Van Vliet, "but to install a new governor of the territory". Van Vliet's instructions were to buy provisions for the troops and to inform the people of Utah that the troops would only be employed as a posse comitatus when called on by the civil authority to aid in the execution of the laws.

4510: 1903: 1233: 1048: 1567:, famed Mormon missionary of the Southwest, whose activities including establishing and maintaining Mormon-Indian alliances along the Colorado, set out in March with three other companions from Las Vegas to learn more about Ives's intentions. From excited Indians they learned of the approach of an "army" marching overland from Yuma – which in reality was Ives's packtrain. 1382: 1478:, among others. On January 5, 1858, Justice Eckels held a court proceeding where William Stowell was arraigned in person on behalf of all of the defendants on charges of high treason. Stowell pled not guilty and requested more time to prepare for trial. Johnston awaited resupply and reinforcement and prepared to attack the Mormon positions after the spring thaw. 1346:"during most of August, the Mormon leaders had not precisely focused on a strategy for dealing with the approaching army; and after the first proclamation was struck off, they likely had second thoughts about a direct confrontation with the federal government. On August 29, Brigham Young instructed Daniel H. Wells to draft a second proclamation of martial law." 1038:, an associate justice of the Utah territorial supreme court who began serving in 1854. Drummond's letter of resignation of March 30, 1857, contained charges that Young's power set aside the rule of law in the territory, that the Mormons had ignored the laws of Congress and the Constitution, and that male Mormons acknowledged no law but the priesthood. 1611:, and then taking a second ship to San Francisco. Upon learning that the Sierra passes were blocked for the winter, he immediately took a ship to San Pedro, the unimproved harbor for what is now Los Angeles. He was met there by Mormons who took him overland through San Bernardino and Las Vegas, to Salt Lake City on the strenuous southern branch of the 1056:

garrison in the territory. There were further charges of treason, battery, theft, and fraud made by other officials, including Federal Surveyors and Federal Indian Agents. Furniss states that most federal reports from Utah to Washington "left unclear whether the habitually kicked their dogs; otherwise, their calendar of infamy in Utah was complete".

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support against the United States and refrain from raids against Mormon settlements. In sermons on August 16 and again one month later, Young publicly urged the emigrant wagon trains to keep away from the Territory. Despite Young's efforts, Indians attacked Mormon settlements during the course of the Utah War, including a raid on Fort Limhi on the

451:. The confrontation lasted from May 1857 to July 1858. The conflict primarily involved Mormon settlers and federal troops, escalating from tensions over governance and autonomy within the territory. There were several casualties, predominantly non-Mormon civilians. Although the war featured no significant military battles, it included the 813:". An estimated 20% to 25% of Latter-day Saints were members of polygamous households, with the practice involving approximately one-third of Mormon women who reached marriageable age. The Mormons in territorial Utah viewed plural marriage as religious doctrine until 1890, when it was removed as an official practice of the church by 999:, Latter-day Saint leaders declared that the judgments of God would be meted out upon the nation for its unrighteousness. Brigham Young echoed the opinion of many Latter-day Saints when he declared "I love the government and the Constitution of the United States, but I do not love the damned rascals that administer the government." 1934:... this war is a war of the Administration; and I desire that the responsibility of it shall be on the Administration. I have no faith in their ability to conduct it; and I believe that before a year has passed over it will be evident to every citizen of the country that they have committed a great blunder ... 2168:" arrived in Utah to stay. Despite this, complete federal dominance was slow in coming. Conflict between the Mormons and the federal government, particularly over the issue of polygamy, would continue for nearly 40 years before Utah was finally made a state in 1896, and was perhaps not fully resolved until the 1922:... one of the most fearful calamities that has befallen this country, from its inception to the present moment. I deprecate it as an intolerable evil. I am satisfied that the Executive has not had the information he ought to have had on this subject before making such a movement as he has directed to be made. 1173:, received word in Missouri that their contract was canceled and that the Army was on the move. The men quickly returned to Salt Lake City and notified Brigham Young that U.S. Army units were marching on the Mormons. Young announced the approach of the army to a large group of Latter-day Saints gathered in 5833: 2115:

In the aftermath of the Utah War, Republicans won control of the House of Representatives in 1858. But every significant bill that they passed fell before the votes of southern Democratic Senators or suffered a presidential veto. The federal government remained stalemated and little could be done. By

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somewhat inaccurately wrote, "Thus was peace made – thus was ended the 'Mormon war', which ... may be thus historicized: – Killed, none; wounded, none; fooled, everybody." At the end of June 1858, the Army troops under General Johnston entered the Salt Lake Valley unhindered. Riding through the still

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recorded in his journal, "The roads are crowded with the Saints moving south. ... Very busy dealing out provisions to the public hands. I am feeding 100 men, all hard at work." Even after Alfred Cumming was installed as governor in mid-April, the "Move South" continued unabated. The movement may have

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In early November, Joseph Taylor of the Nauvoo Legion escaped captivity at Camp Scott and returned to Salt Lake City to report conditions of the army to Brigham Young. On 21 November, Cumming sent a proclamation to the citizens of Utah declaring them to be in rebellion. On November 26, 1857, Brigham

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On September 15, the day after Van Vliet left Salt Lake City, Young publicly declared martial law in Utah with a document almost identical to that printed in early August. This second proclamation received wide circulation throughout the Territory and was delivered by messenger to Col. Alexander with

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Upon returning to the main body of the army, Van Vliet reported that the Latter-day Saints would not resort to actual hostilities but would seek to delay the troops in every way possible. He also reported that they were ready to burn their homes and destroy their crops and that the route through Echo

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He further charged the Church with murder, destruction of federal court records, harassment of federal officers, and slandering the federal government. He concluded by urging the president to appoint a governor who was not a member of the Church and to send with him sufficient military aid to enforce

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Taking all incidents into account, William MacKinnon estimated that approximately 150 people died as a direct result of the year-long Utah War, including the 120 migrants killed at Mountain Meadows. He points out that this was close to the number of people killed during the seven-year contemporaneous

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On ascertaining the locality or route of the troops, proceed at once to annoy them in every possible way. Use every exertion to stampede their animals and set fire to their trains. Burn the whole country before them and on their flanks. Keep them from sleeping by night surprises; blockade the road by

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noted that "the cream of the United States Army" reviled the Mormon settlers. Relations between the troops and their commanders with the Mormons were often tense. Fortunately, the near isolation of Camp Floyd kept interaction to a minimum, as troops stayed on or near their base. Settlers living near

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However, the people of Utah lost much during the brief period of conflict. Largely due to their evacuation, the settlers' livelihoods and economic well-being were seriously impacted for at least that year and perhaps longer. Field crops had been ignored for most of the two-month-long planting season

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Brigham Young accepted Buchanan's terms and pardon, although he denied Utah had ever rebelled against the United States. Buchanan's proclamation was also unpopular among the Mormon rank and file. Arthur P. Welchman, a member of a company of missionaries that was recalled due to the war, wrote of the

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and other natives who traded with them and were allowed to board their vessel. Determining that they could not ascend the river beyond Black Canyon they turned back downstream. During their descent, the Mojave informed Ives that Mormons had recently been among the Mojaves and were inciting unrest by

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in early January 1858, Ives received two hastily written dispatches from his commanding officer informing him of the outbreak of the Mormon War. These letters reported that Mormons were already engaged in hostilities with United States Army forces who were attempting to enter Utah from the east, and

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Through October and November, between 1,200 and 2,000 militiamen were stationed in Echo Canyon and Weber Canyon. These two narrow passes lead into the Salt Lake Valley, and provided the easiest access to the populated areas of northern Utah. Dealing with a heavy snowfall and intense cold, the Mormon

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The Mormons' lack of information on the army's mission created apprehension and led to their defensive preparations. While rumors spread during the spring that an army was coming to Utah and Brigham Young had been replaced as governor, this was not confirmed until late July. Mormon mail contractors,

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during the summer. While Young became aware of the change in territorial administration through press reports and other sources, he received no official notification of his replacement until Cumming arrived in the Territory in November 1857. Buchanan also decided to send a force of 2,500 army troops

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Some federal officials sent by the President maintained essentially harmonious relationships with the Mormons. For instance, from 1853 to 1855, the territorial supreme court was composed of two non-Mormons and one Mormon. However, both of these non-Mormons were well respected in the Latter-day Saint

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Having signed the Morrill Act, Abraham Lincoln reportedly compared the LDS Church to a log he had encountered as a farmer that was 'too hard to split, too wet to burn and too heavy to move, so we plow around it. That's what I intend to do with the Mormons. You go back and tell Brigham Young that if

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of the Nauvoo Legion encountered a camp in the fog ahead of them. Supposing them to be the battalion of Lot Smith, they approached not realizing it was a detachment of US Army soldiers. They were captured and taken back to the main detachment where they were questioned by Col. Alexander. Taylor and

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of 1854. This concept was meant to remove the divisive issue of slavery in the Territories from the national debate, allowing local decision-making and forestalling armed conflict between the North and South. But during the campaign, the Republican Party denounced the theory as protecting polygamy.

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outbreak of the Mormon War ... Mormons were already engaged in hostilities with the United States Army forces, were inciting unrest by intimating that the real purpose of the river expedition was to steal Indian lands ... Mormon rebels were among the Mohaves inciting them to murder and plunder ...

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The new Governor was courteously received by Young and the Utah citizenry in the first week of June 1858. Cumming thereafter became a moderate voice, and opposed the hardline against the Mormons proposed by Colonel Johnston and other federal officials traveling with the army to be installed in the

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Hamblin's group made direct contact with Ives expedition by sending Thaïes Haskell, to hail the steamer's crew from the bank while the other Mormons remained in hiding. He was to pass himself off as a renegade from Utah and then learn as much as possible about Ives's intentions; however, his guise

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An alliance with the Indians was central to Young's strategy for war, although his relations with them had been strained since the settlers' arrival in 1847. Young had generally adopted a policy of conversion and conciliation towards native tribes. Some Mormon leaders encouraged intermarriage with

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Colonel Alexander, whose troops referred to him as "old granny", opted not to enter Utah through Echo Canyon following Van Vliet's report, as well as news of the Mormon fortifications by Taylor and Stowell. Alexander instead maneuvered his troops around the Mormon defenses, entering Utah from the

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throughout the Territory, and a document was printed to that effect. However, historians question the intent of this proclamation as it was never widely circulated, if at all, and while copies of the document exist, there is no mention of it in any contemporary sources. One commentary opines that

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and to establish at least two and perhaps three new U.S. Army camps in Utah. Conversing with Van Vliet, Young denied complicity in the destruction of the law offices of U.S. Federal Judge Stiles and expressed concern that he (Young) might suffer the same fate as the previous Mormon leader, Joseph

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in the winter of 1838, the unit was partially disbanded. These factors contributed to the popular belief that Mormons "were oppressed by a religious tyranny and kept in submission only by some terroristic arm of the Church ... no Danite band could have restrained the flight of freedom-loving men

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The Utah expedition. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting reports from the secretaries of state, of war, of the interior, and of the attorney general, relative to the military expedition ordered into the territory of Utah. February 26, 1858.--Referred to the Committee on

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grain, as well as machinery, equipment, and all the Church records and books. The sight of thirty thousand people moving south was awesome, and the amazed Governor Cumming did all he could to persuade them to return to their homes. Brigham Young replied that if the troops were withdrawn from the

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address earlier in the month, he had taken a hard stand against the Mormon rebellion, and had actually asked Congress to enlarge the size of the regular army to deal with the crisis. However, in his conversation with Kane, Buchanan worried that the Mormons might destroy Johnston's Army at severe

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of Pennsylvania asking for help. Kane was a man of some political prominence who had been helpful to the Mormons in their westward migration and later political controversies. In December, Kane contacted President Buchanan and offered to mediate between the Mormons and the federal government. In

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Between August 30 and September 1, Young met with Indian delegations and gave them permission to take all of the livestock then on the northern and southern trails into California (the Fancher Party was at that time on the southern trail). This meeting may have been Young's attempt to win Indian

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and a small range of mountains. This remote location, neighbor only to a few farms and ranches, was chosen to decrease friction between the troops and the Mormons. The Army and the Mormons continued in a fragile co-existence until the troops left in 1861 when called back east for service in the

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In Utah, the Nauvoo Legion was bolstered as Mormon communities were asked to supply and equip an additional thousand volunteers to be placed in the over one hundred miles of mountains that separated Camp Scott and Great Salt Lake City. Nevertheless, by the end of the winter Young had decided to

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Young disagreed with Buchanan's choices for governor of the territory. Although Young's secular position simplified his administration of the Territory, he believed his religious authority was more important among a nearly homogeneous population of Mormons. Young and the Mormon community feared

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Although Eastern editors continued to condemn the Mormons' religious beliefs and practices, they praised their heroism in the face of military threat. By the time Governor Cumming was securely placed in office, the Utah War had become an embarrassment for President Buchanan. Called 'Buchanan's

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The resolution of the Utah War came through negotiations that permitted federal troops to enter Utah Territory in exchange for a pardon granted to the Mormon settlers for any potential acts of rebellion. This settlement significantly reduced the tensions and allowed for the re-establishment of

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When Kane arrived in February 1858, Mormons referred to him as "the man the Lord had raised up as a peacemaker." Details of the negotiations between Kane and Young are unclear. It seems that Kane successfully convinced Young to accept Buchanan's appointment of Cumming as Territorial governor,

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before being forced to turn back upon running into a heavy blizzard in late October. Colonel Johnston took command of the combined U.S. forces in early November, by this time the command was hampered by a lack of supplies, animals, and the early onset of winter. Johnston was a more aggressive

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Van Vliet's arrival in Salt Lake City was welcomed cautiously by the Mormon leadership. Van Vliet had been previously known by the Latter-day Saints in Iowa, and they trusted and respected him. However, he found the residents of Utah determined to defend themselves. He interviewed leaders and

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This account was further supported by Territorial Chief Justice Kinney in reports to Washington, where he recited examples of what he believed to be Brigham Young's perversion of Utah's judicial system and further urged his removal from office and the establishment of a one-regiment U.S. Army

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Despite Thomas Kane's successful mission, tension continued throughout the spring and summer of 1858. Young was willing to support Cumming as governor, but he still feared persecution and violence if the army entered Utah. Indeed, as the snows melted, approximately 3,000 additional U.S. Army

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and consisted of all able-bodied men between 15 and 60. Young ordered the Legion to take delaying actions, essentially harassing federal troops. He planned to buy time for the Mormon settlements to prepare for either battle or evacuation and create a window for negotiations with the Buchanan

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renewed persecution and possibly annihilation by a large body of federal troops. Mormons remembered previous conflicts when they had lived near numerous non-Mormons. In 1838, they were driven from Missouri into Illinois under the direction of the Governor of Missouri, who issued the infamous

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held that the governor, federal judges, and other important territorial positions were to be filled by appointees chosen by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, but without any reference to the will of Utah's population—as was standard for all territorial administration.

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beginning in 1862 was explicitly instructed to not confront the Mormons. In March 1863, Judge Kinney issued a writ against Young for violation of the Suppression of Polygamy Act. The writ was served by the United States marshal and the prisoner promptly appeared at the state-house where an

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felling trees or destroying the river fords where you can. Watch for opportunities to set fire to the grass on their windward so as, if possible, to envelop their trains. Leave no grass before them that can be burned. Keep your men concealed as much as possible, and guard against surprise.

3900:... General Patrick Edward Connor, the commander of federal forces in Utah, was instructed to avoid a Mormon war: 'Under the circumstances, it is the course of true patriotism for you to not embark on any hostilities. It is infinitely better that you should avoid contact with them.' 1546:

Ives arrived at Yuma on the evening of January 5, 1858. Reacting to Johnson's departure and urgent dispatches from Washington, Ives had taken an overland shortcut on horseback in order to reorganize his command prior to the steamer's arrival and to facilitate a rapid ascent to the

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On the other hand, the Mormons had no patience for the federal domination entailed by territorial status and often showed defiance toward the representatives of the federal government. In addition, the Saints sincerely declared their loyalty to the United States and celebrated the

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Fearing the worst, Young ordered residents throughout Utah territory to prepare for evacuation, making plans to burn their homes and property and stockpile food and stock feed. Guns were manufactured, and ammunition was cast. Mormon colonists in small outlying communities in the

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border where he, erroneously, believed there were valleys that could comfortably harbor up to 100,000 individuals. Residents of Utah County just south of Salt Lake were asked to build and maintain roads and to help the incoming inhabitants of the northern communities. Mormon

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Young wrote letter to Colonel Johnston at Fort Bridger inquiring of the prisoners and stating of William "....if you imagine that keeping, mistreating or killing Mr. Stowell will resound to your advantage, future experience may add to the stock of your better judgment."

1995: 1161:, who did not leave Kansas until much later. As it was, July was already far into the campaigning season, and the army and their supply train were unprepared for winter in the Rocky Mountains. The army was not given instructions on how to react in case of resistance. 901:

Numerous newspaper articles continued sensationalizing Mormon beliefs and exaggerated earlier accounts of conflicts with frontier settlers. These stories led many Americans to believe that Mormon leaders were petty tyrants and that Mormons were determined to create a

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Echo Canyon formed the most direct route into the Salt Lake Valley. The Nauvoo Legion fortified the narrowest sections of the canyon in case the army attempted to break through. There is disagreement as to how effective their preparations would have been had battle

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in 1846. The federal government maintained significant control over territories such as Utah, and the President chose federal officers for the territories with the advice and consent of the Senate. The appointments did not require the approval of the territory's

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in other areas, made preparations for defense. Though bloodshed was to be avoided, and the U.S. government also hoped that its purpose might be attained without the loss of life, both sides prepared for war. The Mormons manufactured or repaired firearms, turned

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men built fortifications, dug rifle pits and dammed streams and rivers in preparation for a possible battle either that fall or the following spring. Several thousand more militiamen prepared their families for evacuation and underwent military training.

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After spending some time in Salt Lake City, Governor Cumming made the return trip back to Eckelsville, departing Salt Lake on May 16. He met with military commanders and new authorities to make plans to travel into the valley. At the end of May, Major

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to resolve disputes among church members before resorting to the more explicit legal system. Both President Buchanan and the U.S. Congress saw these acts as obstructing, if not subverting, the operation of legitimate institutions of the United States.

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commander than Alexander but this predicament rendered him unable to immediately attack through Echo Canyon into Utah. Instead, he settled his troops into ill-equipped winter camps designated Camp Scott and Eckelsville, near the burned-out remains of

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In the end, negotiations between the United States and the Latter-day Saints resulted in a full pardon for the Latter-day Saints (except those involved in the Mountain Meadows murders), the transfer of Utah's governorship from church president

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took place the following month. In October 1857, Mormons arrested six Californians traveling through Utah and charged them with being spies for the U.S. Army. They were released but were later murdered and robbed of their stock and $ 25,000.

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and livestock herds had been culled for the journey. A year's worth of work improving their living conditions had essentially been lost. Some poverty would be widespread in the territory for several years. A number of Mormon settlements in

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boarded up their homes and farms and began to move south, leaving small groups of men and boys behind to burn the settlements if necessary. As early as February 1858, Young had sent parties to explore the White Mountains on what is now the

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and other states, including unarmed men, women, and children, were killed in remote southwestern Utah by a group of local Mormon militia. The Mormon militia responsible for the massacre first claimed that the migrants were killed by

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once the new governor had been installed. They were ordered not to take offensive action against the Mormons but to enter the territory, enforce the laws under the direction of the new governor, and defend themselves if attacked.

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In addition to popular election, many early LDS Church leaders received quasi-political administrative appointments at both the territorial and federal level that coincided with their ecclesiastical roles, including the powerful

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The Mormons also maintained a governmental and legal regime in "Zion", which they believed was perfectly permissible under the Constitution, but which was fundamentally different from that espoused in the rest of the country.

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Stowell gave exaggerated accounts of "twenty-five to thirty thousand" Mormon militia camped in Echo Canyon to repel the army if they were to pass through. The two men were held as prisoners at Camp Scott near Fort Bridger.

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The Latter-day Saints and federal appointees in the Territory faced continual dispute. These conflicts regarded relations with the Indians (who often differentiated between "Americans" and "Mormons"), acceptance of the

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In early July, the Mormons from the northern settlements began to return to their homes after it was clear that no more reinforcements were being sent into Utah from either the east or west. Johnston's Army settled in

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Utah Territory: Message of the President of the United States, Communication, in Compliance with a Resolution of the House, Copies of Correspondence Relative to the Condition of Affairs in the Territory of Utah

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were ordered to leave their homes to consolidate with the main body of Latter-day Saints in Northern and Central Utah. All LDS missionaries serving in the United States and Europe were recalled. Young also sent

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the 7,000 troops quartered in Cedar Valley did sell the troops lumber for building construction, farm produce and manufactured goods. When the army finally abandoned Camp Floyd in 1861 at the outbreak of the

1067:. However, the President would not wait. Under massive popular and political pressure, President Buchanan decided to take decisive action against the Mormons soon after his inauguration on March 4, 1857. 1692:

in present-day Montana. He believed conditions there were sufficient for the Mormons to live, but difficult enough that others would be discouraged from following them or settling there. However, the

1635:

for previous indictments handed down to Mormon leaders. As the Governor and his military escort descended Echo Canyon to Salt Lake city, many of the Mormon militia men including now released prisoner

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The journals of members of the Ives expedition as well as the Mormons from Hamblin's group attest to the tension and war hysteria among both the US Army and the Mormons in these remote territories.

929:, a rival to Brigham Young who also claimed succession to the leadership of the church after Joseph Smith's death, elevated these fears by proclaiming himself a king and resettling his followers on 6133: 5776: 3057: 3055: 712:

ending the war in 1848. LDS Church leaders understood that they were not "leaving the political orbit of the United States", nor did they want to. When gold was discovered in California in 1848 at

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The Utah Expedition, 1857–1858: A Documentary Account of the United States Military Movement under Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston, and the Resistance by Brigham Young and the Mormon Nauvoo Legion

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investigation was held. A $ 2,000 bail bond was posted awaiting the decision of the grand jury. The all Mormon grand jury refused an indictment citing a lack of evidence for Young's marriage to

692:

and other LDS Church leaders believed that the isolation of Utah would secure the rights of Mormons and would ensure the free practice of their religion. Although the United States had gained

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every year with unabashed patriotism, but they were undisguisedly critical of the federal government, which they felt had driven them out from their homes in the east. Like the contemporary

6415: 6348: 6000: 2013:

empty streets of Salt Lake City on June 26, an embittered Johnston was heard to say that he would have given "his plantation for a chance to bombard the city for fifteen minutes". Lt. Col.

581:." David Bigler concludes that the raid was probably caused by members of the Utah Expedition who were trying to replenish their stores of livestock that had been stolen by Mormon raiders. 6244: 2502:

While Bagley and others believe that Mormon culture was inherently violent, Thomas Alexander and others conclude that Utah Territory was less violent than other contemporaneous societies.

2112:. The government never reimbursed the outfitters for these losses, and in 1860 they formed the Pony Express to earn a government mail contract to keep them from falling into bankruptcy. 1968:

June – On the head-waters of the Sweet-Water, met Grosebecks' camp going to Platt Bridge for a train of goods. By these Brethren we had a proclamation from President Buchannan [

6311: 6279: 6170: 1070:

President Buchanan first decided to appoint a new governor in place of Brigham Young. The position was offered to several individuals who refused, and the President finally settled on

6304: 739:, as the first governor of the Territory. The Mormons were pleased by the appointment, but gradually the amicable relationship between Mormons and the federal government broke down. 6143: 4823: 856:. For the Democrats, attacks on Mormonism had the dual purpose of disentangling polygamy from popular sovereignty and distracting the nation from the ongoing battles over slavery. 6217: 1210:

to the settlements of southern Utah to prepare them for action. Young's strategies to defend the Saints vacillated between all-out war, a more limited confrontation, and retreat.

6405: 1593:

The lull in hostilities during the winter provided an opportunity for negotiations, and direct confrontation was avoided. As early as August 1857, Brigham Young had written to

1333:, Utah Territory's delegate to Congress. There, Van Vliet reported on the situation in the west and became an advocate for the Latter-day Saints and the end of the Utah War. 6128: 4664: 1398:

lest it falls into the hands of the army. A few days later, three large Army supply trains that were trailing the main army detachments were burned by Mormon cavalry led by

1022:

Beginning in 1851, a number of federal officers, some claiming that they feared for their physical safety, left their Utah appointments for the east. The stories of these "

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led the Utah Expedition to put down a Mormon rebellion against the Union. In the Civil War, he became a high-ranking general in the Confederate Army and was killed at the

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15 September 1857: Brigham young declares martial law, forbidding "all armed forces of every description from coming into this Territory, under any pretense whatsoever".

1450:

set up a temporary seat of territorial government. Eckels convened a grand jury on December 30, which indicted twenty Mormons for high treason, including Brigham Young,

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would cut off this escape route. Ives was instructed to proceed with extreme caution, since treacherous Mormons might already be lurking on the Colorado above Yuma.

1700:

raid against Fort Limhi in February 1858 blocked this northern retreat. Consequently, at the end of March 1858, settlers in the northern counties of Utah including

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townspeople and "attended Sunday services, heard emotional speeches, and saw the Saints raise their hands in a unanimous resolution to guard against any 'invader

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and a reconnaissance unit were sent east from Salt Lake City with orders to observe the oncoming American regiments and protect LDS emigrants traveling on the

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March 1858: Kane visits camp Scott, and persuades Governor Cumming to travel to Salt Lake City without his military escort, under guarantee of safe conduct.

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was a pledge "to prohibit in the territories those twin relics of barbarism: polygamy and slavery". The Republicans associated the Democratic principle of

4985: 2093:, surplus goods worth an estimated four million dollars were auctioned off for a fraction of their value. However, in 1862, new troops arrived and built 1026:" convinced the new President that the Mormons were nearing a state of rebellion against the authority of the United States. According to LDS historians 6740: 5527: 4028: 1439:, Utah's new governor, and a roster of other federal officials from Fort Leavenworth. However, they too were critically short of horses and supplies. 482:(LDS Church), also known as Mormons or Latter-day Saints, fearful that the large U.S. military force had been sent to annihilate them and having faced 5394: 5226: 2128:. Yet with the start of the Civil War, Republican majorities were able to pass legislation meant to curb the Mormon practice of polygamy such as the 2124:, the defense of which had been a major cause of the Utah Expedition, was finally repudiated when the resolution of the slavery question sparked the 864: 4783: 3390: 5405: 4327:

MacKinnon, William P. "At Sword's Point, Part 1: A Documentary History of the Utah War to 1858" (Norman, Okla.: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 2008).

3532: 3417: 159: 6930: 7470: 5721: 3272: 1974:] to the Inhabitants of Utah read to us. It was so full of lies, and showed so much meanness, that it elicited three groans from the company. 479: 437: 5241: 4703:"Oneness of the Priesthood—Impossibility of Obliterating Mormonism—Gospel Ordinances—Depopulation of the Human Species—The Coming Famine, etc." 2304:

February 1858: Thomas Kane, a friend of the Mormons, arrives in Salt Lake to act as a negotiator between the Mormons and the approaching army.

5274: 1930:

of Pennsylvania declared that he would support a bill to authorize volunteers to fight in Utah and other parts of the frontier only because

1312:

states that his mission was to contact Governor Young and inform him of the expedition's mission: to escort the new appointees, to act as a

6651: 5429: 5417: 5131: 1394:. The militia immediately began to burn grass along the trail and stampede the army's cattle. In early October, Legion members burned down 4720: 2199:

declares Utah in rebellion against the U.S. government, and mobilizes a regiment of the U.S. Army, initially led by Col. Edmund Alexander.

577:. They killed two Mormons and wounded several others. The historian Brigham Madsen notes, "he responsibility for the lay mainly with the 5712: 6360: 6160: 5294: 5284: 3434:

A Mormon Fifty: an exhibition in the Harold B. Lee Library in conjunction with the annual conference of the Mormon History Association

2331:

June 1858: Johnston's army arrives in Utah, passing through a now-vacant Salt Lake city to establish Camp Floyd some 50 miles distant.

44: 5031: 5005: 2116:

1860, sectional strife split the Democratic Party into northern and southern wings, indirectly leading to the election of Republican

17: 3812: 2690: 1914:

In the meantime, President Buchanan had come under considerable pressure from Congress to end the crisis. In February 1858, Senator

1051:

The U.S. Capitol in 1846. American lawmakers were deeply suspicious about Mormonism, their government, and the practice of polygamy.

7974: 7747: 5487: 5362: 5299: 5269: 4604: 2121: 833: 820:

However, the rest of American society rejected polygamy, and some commentators accused the Mormons of gross immorality. During the

783: 723:

In 1849, the Mormons proposed that a large part of the territory that they inhabited be incorporated into the United States as the

4684: 2152:

In the end, the Utah War started a slow decline for Mormon isolation and power in Utah. The Latter-day Saints lost control of the

5994: 5383: 5231: 448: 100: 4237:

Facts Relative to the Expulsion of the Mormons or Latter Day Saints, from the State of Missouri, under the "Exterminating Order"

3926: 3300: 7865: 7546: 6735: 5264: 5010: 2861: 2482: 565:

Other incidents of violence have also been linked to the Utah War, including a Native American attack on the Mormon mission of

354: 4475:"True Happiness—Fruits of Not Following Counsel—Popular Prejudice Against the Mormons—The Coming Army—Punishment of Evildoers" 4276: 7650: 6728: 6723: 5893: 5791: 5309: 5289: 4905: 4651: 4353: 4284: 4215: 4188: 4117: 4058: 4018: 3890: 3710: 3031: 547: 349: 4398: 2136:

permission to ignore the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act in exchange for not becoming involved with the American Civil War. General

1723:

and covered the foundations to make it resemble a plowed field. They boxed and carried with them twenty thousand bushels of

7687: 7551: 7036: 6338: 6197: 6101: 5982: 5761: 1563:

Upon hearing of Ives's steamer on the Colorado, Mormons feared that Ives might be bringing an army to Utah from the South.

1428: 1154: 736: 364: 2037:, in a valley 50 miles southwest of Salt Lake City and separated from Provo (the second-largest city in the territory) by 8004: 6718: 6592: 6496: 5588: 5492: 5477: 5462: 5452: 5447: 5248: 5216: 1674: 1329:

Canyon would be a death trap for a large body of troops. Van Vliet continued on to Washington, D.C., in company with Dr.

944:. The Danites were formed by a group of Mormons in Missouri in 1838. Most scholars believe that following the end of the 885:

dominance of the Utah Territory under Brigham Young. Young had been appointed territorial Governor by Millard Fillmore.

7989: 6688: 6661: 6641: 6491: 5962: 5236: 5201: 5121: 4736: 3987: 3913:"IMPORTANT FROM UTAH.; A Writ Under the Polygamy Act Issued Against Brigham Young—He Responds promptly to the Summons." 2325:: Proclamation on the Rebellion in Utah. ("a free pardon for the seditions and treasons heretofore by them committed;") 918: 4616: 7949: 7832: 7490: 7480: 7447: 6768: 6656: 5917: 5771: 5161: 5096: 4562: 4265: 4000: 3725:

Richard Bennett, "The Lion and the Emperor: The Mormons, the Hudson's Bay Company, and Vancouver Island, 1846–1858",

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territory. Kane left Utah for Washington, D.C. in May to report to President Buchanan on the results of his mission.

996: 667: 151: 2156:

and the federal district courts, but maintained political authority in the Territorial Legislature and the powerful

2062:

incurring the expense of sending troops without investigating the reports on Utah's disloyalty to the United States,

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policy. Salt Lake City is vacated, with most of the saints relocating to settlements south of the Salt Lake Valley.

2146: 1499:

by steamship to determine the extent of the river's navigability. While steaming upstream in the Explorer from the

825: 821: 530:, and the U.S. Army involved some destruction of property and a few brief skirmishes in what is today southwestern 4815: 2297:

catches up with Col. Alexander and replaces him as commander. Johnston orders the regiment to spend the winter in

7999: 7994: 7954: 7944: 7837: 6646: 6636: 6538: 6229: 6106: 5798: 5705: 4880: 2192:

April 1857: The press in the Eastern U.S. begins to speculate on who would be appointed to replace Brigham Young.

2165: 2161: 975: 647: 104: 4774:

Journal of Discourses Delivered by President Brigham Young, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others

4708:

Journal of Discourses Delivered by President Brigham Young, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others

4480:

Journal of Discourses Delivered by President Brigham Young, His Two Counsellors, the Twelve Apostles, and Others

7692: 7460: 7114: 6912: 6879: 6513: 6076: 5947: 5515: 5386: 5166: 3477: 2540: 2202:

5 July 1857: Brigham Young refers in a sermon to "rumors" that the U.S. is sending 1,500–2,000 troops into the

2186: 2017:

stated that he "did not care a damm who heard him; he would like to see every dammed Mormon hung by the neck."

1677:, a plan to evacuate the Territory and burn it to the ground rather than fight the army openly. Members of the 836:

with the party's acceptance of polygamy in Utah and turned this accusation into a formidable political weapon.

468: 1589:

in the uniform of a Union lieutenant colonel in 1861. He received a brevet promotion to major general in 1865.

7727: 6370: 6355: 6044: 5314: 5221: 3818: 2518: 1117: 930: 663: 2132:

of 1862. However, President Abraham Lincoln did not enforce these laws; instead, Lincoln gave Brigham Young

1715:

included the relocation of nearly 30,000 people between March and July. Historians Allen and Leonard write:

1512:, and thence overland to Utah. It was also rumored in Washington that Mormons might try to retreat down the 7979: 7764: 7455: 6666: 5552: 5507: 5355: 4990: 4573: 4554: 3936: 3310: 2832: 2751: 2747: 2743: 1636: 1475: 1419: 1410: 1313: 1076: 359: 4331:

Melville, J. Keith (Autumn 1960). "Theory and Practice of Church and State During the Brigham Young Era".

1224:

chief and Mormon convert. He met with Brigham Young on September 1, 1857, along with other Indian leaders.

609: 7805: 7769: 7737: 7475: 6935: 6012: 5106: 4789: 3912: 3386: 2373: 2109: 1664:, which is now in Montana. However, circumstances necessitated a "Move South" rather than a "Move North". 1186: 709: 675: 3552: 3425: 2668: 2645: 940:

People also believed that Brigham Young maintained power through a paramilitary organization called the

697: 7969: 7964: 7895: 7717: 7523: 7513: 7465: 6758: 6548: 6385: 6380: 6081: 5927: 5698: 5613: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5061: 5026: 3978: 2454: 1202: 1027: 860: 224:

Full amnesty for charges of sedition and treason issued to the citizens of Utah Territory by President

219: 3086:

Mason, Patrick Q. (Summer 2011), "God and the People: Theodemocracy in Nineteenth-Century Mormonism",

7885: 7795: 7712: 7707: 7599: 7518: 6955: 6582: 6533: 6501: 6481: 6464: 6251: 6234: 6153: 5942: 5937: 5056: 4809: 4403: 4044: 3447: 3445: 3443: 2866: 2422: 2397: 2242: 2214: 1447: 1436: 1071: 1023: 683: 598: 551: 498:

Rather than engaging the Army directly, the Mormon strategy was one of hindering and weakening them.

452: 403: 297: 209: 3249: 766:

was inaugurated in March 1857. The Presidential campaign of 1856 featured extensive denunciation of

666:) in the summer of 1847. Mormon pioneers began leaving the United States for Utah after a series of 7880: 7815: 7619: 7538: 7282: 7142: 6965: 6800: 6587: 6543: 6486: 6390: 5888: 5883: 5853: 5803: 5329: 5101: 5071: 4970: 4728: 4680: 4676: 4548: 4525: 2848: 2797: 2352: 2257:, approach the survivors and, under the promise of leading them to safety, kill nearly all of them. 2026: 1719:

It was an extraordinary operation. As the Saints moved south they cached all the stone cut for the

903: 701: 671: 372: 5690: 3440: 2613: 2220:

18 July 1857: Col. Alexander and his troops begin the journey to Utah, at the same time, Mormons

1688:

David Bigler has shown that Young originally intended this evacuation to go northwards toward the

1189:. Mormons' state of mind was further alarmed when they learned in late June 1857 that LDS Apostle 537:

At the height of the tensions, on September 11, 1857, at least 120 California-bound settlers from

7810: 7660: 7420: 6289: 6118: 6071: 5922: 5786: 5678: 5583: 5348: 2409: 2367: 2129: 2018: 1983: 1678: 1571:

failed since one of Ives's men who had been to Utah claimed to recognize him as a Mormon bishop.

1432: 844: 455:, where Mormon militia members disarmed and murdered about 120 settlers traveling to California. 49: 3006:

A Peculiar Place for the Peculiar Institution: Slavery and Sovereignty in Early Territorial Utah

2238:

28 August 1857: Col. Johnston is ordered to replace Gen. Harney as commander of the U.S. troops.

7959: 7375: 7295: 7272: 7064: 6925: 6673: 6316: 6037: 5957: 5863: 5823: 5547: 5521: 5497: 5086: 5066: 5000: 4960: 4750: 2862:

William G. Hartley, "Dangerous Outpost: Thomas Corless and the Fort Limhi/Salmon River Mission"

2294: 2014: 1999: 1217: 1158: 1098: 796: 303: 4036: 3670:

Haskell's impressions of his hosts as treacherous Yankees bent on plundering helpless Mormons.

1669:

reinforcements set out on the westward trails to resupply and strengthen the Army's presence.

7822: 7800: 7790: 7645: 7579: 7380: 7330: 7320: 7242: 6753: 6528: 6459: 6111: 6064: 5304: 5076: 4920: 2805: 2695: 2137: 1528: 1492: 1240:

tribe. The Bannock led a raid on the Latter-day Saint mission of Fort Limhi in February 1858.

1229:

the Indians so that the two peoples might "unite together" and their "interests become one".

1174: 881:

Many east-coast politicians, such as U.S. President James Buchanan, were alarmed by the semi-

800: 679: 459:

federal authority over the territory while largely preserving Mormon interests and autonomy.

4768: 4702: 4474: 2789: 1358: 7774: 7508: 7415: 7385: 7355: 7310: 7202: 7016: 6996: 6577: 6518: 6395: 6365: 6202: 6049: 5642: 5146: 4995: 4915: 4875: 4569: 4540: 4075: 4050: 2228: 2085: 1532: 1500: 1459: 1391: 1362: 1246: 1133:

Although the Utah Expedition had begun to gather as early as May under orders from General

717: 93: 4079: 1938:

Therefore in April, the President sent an official peace commission to Utah consisting of

1390:

The Nauvoo Legion finally made contact with federal troops in late September just west of

8: 7584: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7360: 7305: 7290: 7122: 7021: 6790: 6783: 6299: 6054: 5988: 5971: 5557: 5156: 4975: 4865: 4153: 2790: 2379: 1531:, a merchant who had an established business transporting goods by steamship between the 1277: 1035: 978:" (non-Mormon) federal appointees and the Mormon territorial leadership. The territory's 4128: 3500:

Alford, Jensen (2017). "I Was Not Ready to Die Yet; William Stowell's Utah War Ordeal".

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arrived at Camp Scott as peace commissioners with a proclamation of general pardon from

7589: 7528: 7430: 7425: 7365: 7335: 7325: 7315: 7300: 7257: 7247: 7237: 6960: 6950: 6872: 6713: 6708: 6523: 6430: 6256: 6027: 5608: 5593: 5091: 5051: 4940: 4935: 4910: 4631: 4412: 4383: 4309: 4301: 4207:

The Mormon Question: Polygamy and Constitutional Conflict in Nineteenth-Century America

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On 3 November, Johnston caught up with his forces and pushed on to Fort Bridger . . . .

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United States House Select Committee to Investigate Alleged Corruptions in Government

5041: 4870: 4742: 4732: 4668: 4647: 4581: 4580:, The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, vol. XXVI, San Francisco: History Company, 4558: 4349: 4313: 4261: 4241: 4235: 4211: 4184: 4113: 4097: 4089: 4064: 4054: 4014: 3996: 3886: 3809:"Welchman, Arthur P., Reminiscences and diary, [ca.1854–1917], fd. 1, 93–94." 3706: 3542: 3105: 3027: 2809: 2768: 2580: 2283: 1801: 1689: 1661: 1628: 1467: 1330: 1302: 1265: 1142: 1060: 945: 527: 116: 4433: 3651:

Miller, David H. (1972), "The Ives Expedition Revisited: A Prussian's Impressions",

1560:

intimating that the real purpose of the river expedition was to steal Indian lands.

7900: 7722: 7222: 7137: 7132: 7079: 7049: 7011: 6981: 6294: 6059: 6007: 5952: 5932: 5808: 5619: 5567: 5482: 5181: 5081: 4950: 4930: 4845: 4698: 4660: 4443: 4429: 4375: 4317: 4293: 4136: 4040: 3992: 3625:

David H. Miller (1972), "The Ives Expedition Revisited: A Prussian's Impressions",

3095: 2978: 2801: 2471: 2465: 2264: 2153: 2022: 1987: 1720: 1682: 1612: 1451: 1309: 1286: 1250: 1170: 1138: 1102: 814: 751: 732: 724: 713: 618: 570: 516: 262: 4601:

Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America

1260: 108: 7890: 7870: 7847: 7759: 7679: 7655: 7624: 7604: 7574: 7182: 7157: 7127: 7089: 7074: 7054: 7001: 6986: 6920: 6745: 6604: 6425: 6224: 6207: 6138: 5878: 5818: 5741: 5664: 5657: 5542: 5111: 4895: 4885: 4716: 4643: 4519: 4394: 4363: 4205: 4178: 3982: 3880: 3681: 3536: 3021: 3004: 2574: 2361: 2250: 2221: 2117: 2008: 1711: 1693: 1463: 1455: 1281: 1237: 1207: 1190: 1166: 1150: 1149:" forced Harney to remain behind to deal with skirmishes between pro-slavery and 1146: 1113: 1031: 810: 705: 659: 586: 578: 499: 440: 321: 4769:"Joseph Smith's Family—Bashfulness in Public Speaking—The Coming Crisis—Counsel" 7742: 7614: 7227: 7212: 7152: 6902: 6763: 6626: 6567: 6506: 6375: 6175: 6165: 5858: 5843: 5746: 5371: 4955: 4945: 4890: 4612: 4592: 4253: 4231: 4149: 3286:"Utah War Broke Hold Mormons Had on Utah—Centennial: Dark Time in Utah History" 2459: 2449: 2322: 2315: 2272: 2203: 2196: 2182: 2169: 1943: 1854: 1822: 1701: 1632: 1608: 1594: 1586: 1552: 1521: 1513: 1496: 1134: 992: 829: 763: 614: 558: 483: 475: 471: 444: 291: 266: 225: 185: 3109: 2605: 2055:

Blunder' by elements of the national press, the President was criticized for:

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12 April 1858: Governor Cummings arrives in Utah, and is installed in office.

2311: 2232: 2217:

governor of Utah, and directs him to accompany the military forces into Utah.

2157: 1927: 1841: 1834: 1817: 1681:

and the British government feared that the Mormons planned to seek refuge on

1564: 1556: 1471: 1374: 1273: 1254: 1121: 1012: 934: 922: 910: 890: 876: 747: 689: 594: 503: 315: 285: 215: 120: 4746: 4635: 4545:

Great Basin Kingdom: An Economic History of the Latter-day Saints, 1830–1900

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Young, Brigham (November 26, 1857). "Brigham Young to Col. A. S. Johnston".

3393:

from the original on 2016-10-20 – via Digital Collection: BYU Library.

7842: 7697: 7262: 7187: 7162: 7147: 7094: 7044: 6940: 6555: 6274: 5781: 5766: 5636: 5136: 4585: 4366:; Hansen, Ralph W. (1961), "'Buchanan's Blunder' The Utah War, 1857–1858", 4245: 4101: 3436:. Provo, Utah: Friends of the Brigham Young University Library. p. 36. 2843: 2298: 2241:

7–11 September 1857: An emigrant wagon train of non-Mormons is attacked at

2101: 2002:

relieved General Johnston of the command of the Department of Utah in 1860.

1548: 1509: 1424: 1395: 1290: 926: 914: 635: 112: 4258:

Mormon Resistance: A Documentary Account of the Utah Expedition, 1857–1858

1978: 949:

from a Territory possessed of many exits; yet a flood of emigrants poured

7919: 7875: 7594: 7232: 7207: 7192: 7172: 7084: 7059: 6778: 6284: 6017: 5976: 5151: 5126: 5116: 5046: 4488:

Young, Brigham (September 13, 1857d). "The United States and Utah Army".

4451: 4448:

Nearly Everything Imaginable: the Everyday Life of Utah's Mormon Pioneers

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would not be resettled for decades and some were permanently abandoned.

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The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

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and the Nauvoo Legion burned roughly 52 wagons belonging to outfitters

2078: 2034: 1008: 566: 4777:, vol. 4, Liverpool: Asa Calkin (published 1858), pp. 96–101 4277:"Loose in the Stacks: A Half-Century with the Utah War and Its Legacy" 2133: 7609: 7217: 6945: 6560: 6435: 5472: 5036: 4925: 4711:, vol. 4, Liverpool: Asa Calkin (published 1858), pp. 86–95 4297: 2279: 2105: 2038: 1656: 1536: 1504: 1399: 1221: 1141:, Kansas, until 18 July 1857. The troops were originally led by Gen. 882: 327: 82: 7026: 4640:

Establishing Zion: The Mormon Church in the American West, 1847–1869

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During this time period, the leadership of the LDS Church supported

5720: 5319: 5206: 5176: 4597:"Nomination of Alfred Cumming as Governor of the Territory of Utah" 4483:, vol. 4, Liverpool: Asa Calkin (published 1858), pp. 1–6 4164:

Crawley, Peter (1989). "The Constitution of the State of Deseret".

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In addition, Utah was under nominal military occupation. Historian

1697: 1213: 1109: 961: 806: 767: 542: 538: 3942: 3578:

Journal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

2691:"The Mountain Meadows Massacre: 5 Things Every Mormon Should Know" 2059:

failing to officially notify Governor Young about his replacement,

1481: 642: 534:, but no battles occurred between the contending military forces. 6269: 5340: 1495:

was embarking on an assigned task of exploring and surveying the

1370: 974:

These circumstances were not helped by the relationship between "

941: 853: 758: 630: 531: 194: 6857: 4093: 1660:

Brigham Young intended to evacuate the Latter-day Saints to the

1193:

had recently been murdered while serving a mission in Arkansas.

742: 35: 4846:

Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States

4804: 4110:

Fort Limhi: The Mormon Adventure in Oregon Territory, 1855–1858

3703:

You Shall Be Blessed; Biography of William Rufus Rogers Stowell

3457: 3115: 2268: 2246: 2100:

One consequence of the Utah War was the creation of the famous

1706: 1604: 1517: 1427:, now in the state of Wyoming. Johnston was soon joined by the 1366: 909:

Many felt that these sensationalized beliefs, along with early

488: 3180: 3178: 1381: 1308:

Van Vliet arrived in Salt Lake City on September 8. Historian

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1861: Camp Floyd is abandoned at the outset of the Civil War.

2253:

Indians. After several days siege, a group of Mormons under

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failing to provide an adequate resupply train for the winter.

1724: 859:

In March 1852, the Utah Territory passed Acts that legalized

790: 574: 550:

but it was proven otherwise. This event was later called the

492: 4129:"First Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union" 3644: 1607:, crossing the isthmus via the newly constructed (1855) the 6892: 6796:

Eyewitness accounts associated with the Joseph Smith Papyri

3789: 3744: 3331: 3254: 3250:"Dinnick Huntington Diary, August 30 and September 1, 1857" 3175: 3151: 3139: 1902: 655: 190: 2551: 2301:

and to delay the move to Salt Lake City until next spring.

2224:

and Abraham Owen Smoot learn that the Army is on the move.

1994: 1232: 1047: 937:, after the main body of the LDS Church had fled to Utah. 3777: 3756: 3732: 3067: 2852:, Newsletter #77, February 1991, Utah Lighthouse Ministry 2606:

William Preston Johnston; Albert Sidney Johnston (1878).

2140:, commanding officer of the federal forces garrisoned at 1970: 1582: 1486: 526:

The confrontation between the Mormon militia, called the

3606:, March 2, 1858, transcript in Perry Special Collections 3367: 3355: 3343: 3321: 3319: 3243: 3219: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3040: 2984: 2948: 2888: 2626: 1918:

of Texas stated that a war against the Mormons would be

1088: 906:, polygamous kingdom in the newly acquired territories. 601:, and the peaceful entrance of the U.S. Army into Utah. 478:

in what became known as the Utah Expedition. Members of

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into bayonets, and burnished and sharpened long-unused

3879:

Firmage, Edwin Brown; Mangrum, Richard Collin (2001),

3857: 3512: 2900: 953:

Utah each year, with only a trickle ... ebbing back."

554:, and the motives behind the incident remain unclear. 4084:, The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, vol. XXVI, 3954: 3316: 3231: 3207: 3190: 3163: 3127: 2912: 1990:

and had an abiding respect for the Latter-day Saints.

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Administration. Thus, in mid-August, militia Colonel

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Popular sovereignty was the theoretical basis of the

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Mormon settlement techniques of the Salt Lake Valley

3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 2924: 2721: 2342: 1409:

On October 16, Major Joseph Taylor and his Adjutant

7985:

Religiously motivated violence in the United States

1341:As early as August 5, Young had decided to declare 5528:List of federal judges appointed by James Buchanan 3686:Quixotic Mediator: Thomas L. Kane and the Utah War 3478:"Utah War: U.S. Government Versus Mormon Settlers" 3009:. Brigham Young University. Department of History. 2573:Hafen, Le Roy Reuben; Hafen, Ann Woodbury (1958). 2541:"Utah War: U.S. Government Versus Mormon Settlers" 2065:dispatching the expedition late in the season, and 1373:held little cover for either the U.S. army or the 621:(dotted line). Modern map underlaid for reference. 3609: 2855: 1910:of Texas strenuously opposed the Utah Expedition. 515:The Mormons blocked the army's entrance into the 27:Armed conflict in the Utah Territory in 1857–1858 7931: 4788:, Salt Lake City: Utah Territory, archived from 3590:Third District Court (Territorial), Case Files, 1470:, Joseph Taylor, Robert Burton, James Ferguson, 5723:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 4618:Proclamation—Rebellion in the Territory of Utah 4343: 3851: 3838:William P. McKinnon, "Causes of the Utah War", 3624: 3454:, p. 65, "Proclamation of Governor Young". 1482:December 1857 – March 1858: winter intermission 625: 480:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 4344:Moorman, Donald R.; Sessions, Gene A. (1992). 3878: 3874: 3872: 3499: 2870:, Fall 2001, pp 135–162. Retrieved 2008-04-10. 1786:Acceptance of federal authority by the Mormons 1646: 6873: 5706: 5356: 4831: 4393: 4260:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 4027: 3898:he will let me alone, I will let him alone.' 3885:, University of Illinois Press, p. 139, 3296:on 2017-07-19 – via Utah History to Go. 3184: 2942: 2286:-style attack on the provision wagons of the 2006:On June 19, a newly arrived reporter for the 1280:. The Nauvoo Legion was under the command of 1276:. This was the Mormon militia created during 1034:, the most influential information came from 523:by hindering them from receiving provisions. 4348:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. 3977: 3750: 3659:(1), Arizona Historical Society: 7, 18, 19, 3463: 3431: 3337: 3121: 1732: 696:of the settled parts of Alta California and 7471:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument 3869: 2227:23 July 1857: Rockwell and Smoot arrive in 6880: 6866: 5713: 5699: 5363: 5349: 5295:History of the Central Intelligence Agency 5280:Length of U.S. participation in major wars 4838: 4824: 4442: 4362: 4252: 3863: 3783: 3762: 3738: 3451: 3349: 3260: 2632: 2572: 2213:13 July 1857: President Buchanan appoints 2164:was completed, and soon large numbers of " 791:Polygamy, popular sovereignty, and slavery 158: 4428: 4274: 4126: 4008: 3948: 3325: 3283: 3225: 3133: 3099: 2894: 2560: 2097:in the foothills east of Salt Lake City. 1551:as commanded. Ives' party steamed up the 1446:At Eckelsville, Chief Justice Eckels and 1153:militants. The Expedition's cavalry, the 735:selected Brigham Young, the LDS Church's 7748:Utah Territory in the American Civil War 6092:Black temple and priesthood restrictions 5488:1856 United States presidential election 4665:"The Church and the Utah War, 1857–1858" 4346:Camp Floyd and the Mormons: The Utah War 4330: 4148: 4074: 3932: 3795: 3700: 3306: 3157: 3145: 3073: 3019: 2828: 2788:Bushman, Richard Lyman (March 1, 2008). 2739: 2727: 1993: 1977: 1901: 1728:territory, the people would stop moving. 1655: 1581: 1380: 1357: 1272:In early August, Young re-activated the 1259: 1231: 1212: 1108: 1092: 1075:to build a post in Utah and to act as a 1046: 960: 773: 757: 741: 641: 629: 608: 360:B Battery (Phelps') of the 4th Artillery 60:of all important aspects of the article. 7828:Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region 4176: 4163: 3960: 3633:(1), Arizona Historical Society: 1–25, 3530: 3518: 3432:Crawley, Peter; Flake, Chad J. (1984). 3169: 3061: 3046: 2990: 2981:, Independence Hall Association Website 2954: 2930: 2906: 2787: 2688: 2609:The Life of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston 617:(blue with black outline) and proposed 14: 7932: 7547:Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area 4487: 4469: 4230: 4203: 4107: 3650: 3237: 3213: 3201: 2979:GOP Convention of 1856 in Philadelphia 2966: 2918: 2882: 2806:10.1093/actrade/9780195310306.001.0001 2762: 2715: 2682: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2483:List of conflicts in the United States 2207: 1950:PROCLAMATION ON THE REBELLION IN UTAH 1487:Soldiers advance up the Colorado River 654:Mormons began settling in what is now 638:from Illinois to Great Salt Lake City. 56:Please consider expanding the lead to 7651:Golden Spike National Historical Park 6861: 5694: 5344: 4819: 4399:"Causes of the Utah War Reconsidered" 4285:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 4177:Furniss, Norman F. (April 22, 2005). 4127:Buchanan, James (December 8, 1857y), 3696: 3694: 3575: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3475: 3085: 3002: 2844:"Brigham Young and Wild Bill Hickman" 2538: 2263:18 September 1857: U.S. troops leave 1089:July–November 1857: tactical standoff 956: 750:was appointed to office by President 650:, the southern route into California. 436:, was an armed confrontation between 228:if they accepted US federal authority 164:American officers during the Utah War 7552:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 5275:Timeline of U.S. military operations 4458: 3828:– via churchofjesuschrist.org. 3373: 3361: 2796:. Oxford University Press. pp. 2792:Mormonism: A Very Short Introduction 2689:Hampton, Jeff (September 11, 2017). 2029:, merely bared his head in respect. 1627:of Texas and Kentucky senator-elect 1301:On July 18, 1857, U.S. Army Captain 1296: 1124:, and later mayor of Salt Lake City. 76: 29: 7866:America's Freedom Festival at Provo 6719:List of Book of Mormon translations 6689:Truth & Transparency Foundation 6593:Utah Property Management Associates 6161:spectrums of orthodoxy and practice 5493:1856 Democratic National Convention 5478:1852 Democratic National Convention 5463:1848 Democratic National Convention 5453:1844 Democratic National Convention 5448:Electoral history of James Buchanan 4112:. Spokane, WA: Arthur H. Clark Co. 3284:Schindler, Harold (July 23, 1995). 3020:Reséndez, Andrés (April 12, 2016). 2525: 1685:off the coast of British Columbia. 1257:just west of Great Salt Lake City. 1137:, the first soldiers did not leave 700:in 1846 in the early stages of the 24: 5370: 4782:Young, Brigham (August 5, 1857c), 4603:, vol. 10, Washington, D.C.: 4533: 4240:. Cincinnati, Ohio: R. P. Brooks. 3988:The Story of the Latter-day Saints 3691: 3488: 1083: 917:, also violated the principles of 506:, instructed Major Joseph Taylor: 25: 8016: 7833:Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 7491:Timpanogos Cave National Monument 7481:Natural Bridges National Monument 6887: 6769:Mormonism and Nicene Christianity 5032:American–Algerian War (1785–1795) 4797: 4683:, pp. 81–106, archived from 3422:Mormon Publications: 19th Century 2539:Ramos, Donna G. (June 12, 2006). 1577: 7913: 7486:Rainbow Bridge National Monument 6839: 6827: 6816: 6815: 5674: 5673: 5589:Buchanan's Birthplace State Park 5398:United States Secretary of State 4803: 4673:Nineteenth-Century Saints at War 4513: This article incorporates 4508: 4438:. London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler. 4397:; MacKinnon, William P. (1994), 4333:Brigham Young University Studies 4210:. Univ of North Carolina Press. 4204:Gordon, Sarah Barringer (2002). 4166:Brigham Young University Studies 3602:A Mormon Prisoner – His Trial", 2345: 1848: 1840: 1828: 1816: 1431:commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 1253:in February 1858 and attacks in 870: 824:a key plank of the newly formed 670:with neighboring communities in 284: 256: 245: 81: 34: 7975:Civil wars in the United States 7838:Rocky Mountain Floristic Region 6840: 6539:Deseret News Publishing Company 4723:, in Powell, Allan Kent (ed.), 4446:; Dant, Doris R., eds. (1999). 4133:The American Presidency Project 3905: 3832: 3801: 3768: 3719: 3675: 3596: 3584: 3569: 3524: 3469: 3410: 3397: 3379: 3277: 3266: 3079: 3013: 2996: 2972: 2837: 2822: 2781: 2756: 2733: 2709: 2496: 2049: 1491:During this winter season, Lt. 1128: 1116:was a member of the LDS Church 1011:, the criminal jurisdiction of 708:to the U.S. came only with the 416:(1857–1858), also known as the 48:may be too short to adequately 7461:Cedar Breaks National Monument 6514:Deseret Management Corporation 5516:Inauguration of James Buchanan 5406:U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania 5387:President of the United States 5310:List of anti-war organizations 4502: 4275:MacKinnon, William P. (2007). 4256:; Hafen, Ann W., eds. (2006). 3814:Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel 3774:Congressional Globe, 4/1/1858. 3653:The Journal of Arizona History 3627:The Journal of Arizona History 3580:. Church History Library: 3–4. 3476:Ramos, D. G. (June 12, 2006). 3418:"Proclamation by the Governor" 3387:"Proclamation by the Governor" 3273:"The Stewart Van Vliet Papers" 2661: 2638: 2599: 2566: 2511: 2290:. Fifty-two wagons are burned. 2187:President of the United States 1770:Salt Lake City, Utah Territory 1462:, George D. Grant, Lot Smith, 1336: 770:and Mormon governance in Utah. 58:provide an accessible overview 13: 1: 6774:Relationship to U.S. politics 6361:Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 5222:War against the Islamic State 4607:(published 1887), p. 275 4599:, in McCook, Anson G. (ed.), 4011:Brigham Young: American Moses 3970: 3819:Church Historian and Recorder 2282:leads the Nauvoo Legion on a 2195:29 June 1857: U.S. President 2189:, and decides to take action. 1958:James Buchanan April 6, 1858. 1651: 1615:, arriving in February 1858. 921:as well as the philosophy of 822:Presidential election of 1856 664:Centralist Republic of Mexico 604: 7456:Bears Ears National Monument 5553:1858 United States elections 4785:Proclamation by the Governor 4555:University of Illinois Press 3701:Kingston, Robert J. (2021). 3604:New-York Semi-Weekly Tribune 3541:, University of Utah Press, 3003:Ricks, Nathaniel R. (2007). 2765:Massacre at Mountain Meadows 626:Exodus to the Utah Territory 502:, Lieutenant-General of the 447:and the armed forces of the 7: 7738:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 7476:Hovenweep National Monument 4574:"Chapter XIX: The Utah War" 4462:Journal of Wilford Woodruff 4009:Arrington, Leonard (1985). 3852:Moorman & Sessions 1992 3088:Journal of Church and State 2767:. Oxford University Press. 2443:LDS Church v. United States 2374:Missouri Executive Order 44 2338: 2175: 2110:Russell, Majors and Waddell 1647:April–July 1858: resolution 1555:with frequent contact with 1520:. An army advancing up the 782:was a leading proponent of 716:, which sparked the famous 710:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 462: 121:the project page about this 10: 8021: 8005:Politics of Utah Territory 7693:Black Hawk War (1865–1872) 7524:Capitol Reef National Park 7514:Bryce Canyon National Park 7466:Dinosaur National Monument 6759:Mormon History Association 6549:Beneficial Financial Group 5639:(niece, acting First Lady) 5614:James Buchanan High School 5212:War in North-West Pakistan 5062:Second Sumatran expedition 5027:American Revolutionary War 4636:"Chapter 14: The Utah War" 4578:History of Utah, 1540–1886 4180:Mormon Conflict: 1850–1859 4081:History of Utah: 1540–1886 3951:, p. 605, Chapter LI. 3430:Excerpted and edited from 2763:Walker, Ronald W. (2008). 2455:Salt Creek Canyon massacre 2235:of the government's plans. 1353: 1203:San Bernardino, California 874: 848:Such leading Democrats as 794: 678:resulted, in 1844, in the 220:Governor of Utah Territory 176:29 June 1857-12 April 1858 7990:Persecution of Christians 7909: 7886:Utah Shakespeare Festival 7858: 7783: 7708:Runaway Officials of 1851 7678: 7638: 7600:Park City Mountain Resort 7560: 7539:National recreation areas 7537: 7519:Canyonlands National Park 7499: 7446: 7439: 7281: 7113: 7035: 6974: 6911: 6899: 6834:Latter Day Saint Movement 6811: 6697: 6615: 6583:Perpetual Emigration Fund 6534:Temple Square Hospitality 6482:Church Educational System 6444: 6404: 6327: 6252:Latter-day Saints Channel 6184: 5983:For the Strength of Youth 5904: 5842: 5730: 5652: 5629: 5576: 5506: 5440: 5378: 5257: 5057:First Sumatran expedition 5019: 4858: 4851: 4725:Utah History Encyclopedia 4435:The Rocky Mountain Saints 4404:Journal of Mormon History 4183:. Yale University Press. 4108:Bigler, David L. (2003). 4046:Encyclopedia of Mormonism 3538:Utah History Encyclopedia 3533:"Johnston, Albert Sidney" 3185:Poll & MacKinnon 1994 2943:Bachman & Esplin 1992 2867:Mormon Historical Studies 2423:Reynolds v. United States 2398:Mountain Meadows Massacre 2162:Transcontinental Railroad 2149:in January of that year. 1892: 1877: 1862: 1809: 1790: 1782: 1774: 1766: 1758: 1750: 1742: 1738:Utah War Peace Commission 1733:Utah War Peace Commission 1181:celebrations on 24 July. 684:Latter Day Saint movement 552:Mountain Meadows Massacre 453:Mountain Meadows Massacre 404:Mountain Meadows Massacre 398: 393: 380: 336: 274: 238: 210:Utah War Peace Commission 168: 157: 149: 144: 92:incorporates text from a 18:Utah War Peace Commission 7950:Mormon migration to Utah 7881:Utah...This Is the Place 7620:Solitude Mountain Resort 6801:Kirtland Egyptian papers 6724:Joseph Smith Translation 6588:Perpetual Education Fund 6544:Bonneville International 5923:Apostasy and restoration 5011:2021 U.S. Capitol attack 4971:Battle of Blair Mountain 4771:, in Calkin, Asa (ed.), 4729:University of Utah Press 4727:, Salt Lake City, Utah: 4705:, in Calkin, Asa (ed.), 4681:Brigham Young University 4677:Religious Studies Center 4572:; Bates, Alfred (1889), 4549:Harvard University Press 4526:United States Government 4477:, in Calkin, Asa (ed.), 3751:Allen & Leonard 1976 3729:, no. 128 Winter 2000/01 3705:. Lulu.com. p. 79. 3464:Allen & Leonard 1976 3338:Allen & Leonard 1976 3122:Allen & Leonard 1976 2849:Salt Lake City Messenger 2489: 2353:Latter-day Saints portal 1278:the conflict in Illinois 809:, which Mormons called " 704:, legal transfer of the 474:sent U.S. forces to the 7661:Lagoon (amusement park) 6931:Congressional districts 6657:Historical authenticity 5584:James Buchanan Memorial 5270:Wars involving the U.S. 5107:Philippine–American War 4991:1960s ghetto rebellions 4088:: The History Company, 3531:Nielson, Scott (1994), 2612:. D. Appleton. p. 2410:Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act 2130:Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act 2019:Philip St. George Cooke 1984:Philip St. George Cooke 1433:Philip St. George Cooke 1145:. However, affairs in " 8000:1858 in Utah Territory 7995:19th-century Mormonism 7955:Mormonism and violence 7945:1857 in Utah Territory 7065:Great Salt Lake Desert 6674:Mormon Stories Podcast 6366:Quorums of the Seventy 6097:Curses of Cain and Ham 5864:Doctrine and Covenants 5824:Mormonism and violence 5548:Lecompton Constitution 5522:Dred Scott v. Sandford 5498:Woodward Hill Cemetery 5315:Conscientious objector 5217:First Libyan Civil War 5087:Second Fiji expedition 5067:Ivory Coast expedition 5001:1992 Los Angeles riots 4961:Colorado Coalfield War 4853:Listed chronologically 4595:(December 19, 1857z), 4515:public domain material 4053:, pp. 1091–1095, 4013:. New York: A. Knopf. 3991:, Salt Lake City, UT: 3864:Poll & Hansen 1961 3784:Hafen & Hafen 2006 3763:Hafen & Hafen 2006 3739:Walker & Dant 1999 3452:Hafen & Hafen 2006 3405:Diary of Brigham Young 3403:Everett Cooley (ed.), 3350:Hafen & Hafen 2006 3261:Hafen & Hafen 2006 2669:"The Mormon Rebellion" 2633:Poll & Hansen 1961 2295:Albert Sidney Johnston 2293:3 November 1857: Col. 2015:Charles Ferguson Smith 2003: 2000:Charles Ferguson Smith 1991: 1976: 1961: 1936: 1924: 1911: 1730: 1665: 1590: 1466:, William A. Hickman, 1435:, who had accompanied 1387: 1378: 1269: 1241: 1225: 1159:Albert Sidney Johnston 1125: 1106: 1099:Albert Sidney Johnston 1059:As early as 1852, Dr. 1052: 1045: 971: 797:Mormonism and polygamy 787: 771: 755: 651: 639: 622: 513: 275:Commanders and leaders 270:Native American allies 7806:Butterflies and moths 7728:Territorial evolution 7646:Bonneville Salt Flats 7580:Brian Head Ski Resort 6754:Mormon fundamentalism 6529:Deseret Digital Media 6502:BYU–Pathway Worldwide 6421:Statistics by country 6235:Humanitarian services 5285:Territorial evolution 5265:Conflicts in the U.S. 5187:Intervention in Haiti 5077:First Fiji expedition 4570:Bancroft, Hubert Howe 4541:Arrington, Leonard J. 4490:Journal of Discourses 4076:Bancroft, Hubert Howe 3502:BYU Studies Quarterly 3376:, p. 93, Vol. 5. 3364:, p. 96, Vol. 5. 2138:Patrick Edward Connor 1997: 1981: 1966: 1948: 1932: 1920: 1905: 1717: 1659: 1585: 1529:George Alonzo Johnson 1493:Joseph Christmas Ives 1464:Orrin Porter Rockwell 1384: 1361: 1263: 1235: 1216: 1175:Big Cottonwood Canyon 1112: 1096: 1050: 1040: 964: 801:Mormonism and slavery 777: 761: 745: 680:death of Joseph Smith 645: 633: 612: 508: 394:Casualties and losses 7775:2002 Winter Olympics 7509:Arches National Park 6652:Geographical setting 6578:Ensign Peak Advisors 6519:Deseret Book Company 6203:Especially for Youth 6050:Baptism for the dead 5918:Apostolic succession 5889:Joseph Smith–History 5884:Joseph Smith–Matthew 5869:Pearl of Great Price 5799:LGBT Mormon timeline 5772:Good Neighbor policy 5643:James Buchanan Henry 5147:Bay of Pigs Invasion 5102:Spanish–American War 5072:Mexican–American War 4996:Kent State shootings 4986:Puerto Rican revolts 4916:American Indian Wars 4812:at Wikimedia Commons 4051:Macmillan Publishing 3840:Fort Douglas Vedette 2368:Haun's Mill massacre 2086:Leonard J. Arrington 1926:On April 1, Senator 1679:Hudson's Bay Company 1533:Colorado River Delta 1501:Colorado River Delta 718:California Gold Rush 702:Mexican–American War 117:copyright violations 94:large language model 7980:Religion-based wars 7615:Snowbird Ski Resort 7585:Brighton Ski Resort 6791:Joseph Smith Papyri 6198:Cultural depictions 5995:Family Proclamation 5972:Family Home Evening 5558:Paraguay expedition 5426:U.S. Representative 5414:U.S. Representative 5162:Invasion of Grenada 5157:Dominican Civil War 4767:(August 2, 1857b), 4632:Campbell, Eugene E. 4459:Woodruff, Wilford. 3798:, pp. 202–206. 3466:, pp. 300–301. 3160:, pp. 124–211. 3148:, pp. 114–124. 3124:, pp. 298–299. 2678:, February 16, 1858 2547:. Vienna, Virginia. 2380:Illinois Mormon War 2249:militia dressed as 2122:Popular sovereignty 1739: 1675:"Sevastopol Policy" 1187:Extermination Order 1120:, commander of the 1036:William W. Drummond 845:Kansas–Nebraska Act 834:popular sovereignty 784:popular sovereignty 519:, and weakened the 402:150 killed (120 in 7590:Cherry Peak Resort 7529:Zion National Park 7448:National monuments 7143:Cottonwood Heights 6741:FARMS organization 6714:ComeUntoChrist.org 6524:Deseret Industries 6431:Less-active Mormon 6416:Membership history 6265:Missionary service 6230:General Conference 5814:Name of the church 5804:Handcart companies 5609:Buchanan, Missouri 5594:Buchanan, Michigan 5202:War in Afghanistan 5172:Invasion of Panama 5167:Lebanese Civil War 5092:Formosa Expedition 5052:Second Barbary War 5006:2020 racial unrest 4941:Johnson County War 4936:Lincoln County War 4911:American Civil War 4906:Harpers Ferry raid 4881:Turner's Rebellion 4669:Freeman, Robert C. 4642:, Salt Lake City: 3882:Zion in the courts 3389:. August 5, 1857. 3101:10.1093/jcs/csq135 2676:The New York Times 2654:The New York Times 2563:, pp. 43, 60. 2436:Edmunds-Tucker Act 2392:Mormon Reformation 2288:United States Army 2142:Fort Douglas, Utah 2126:American Civil War 2104:. During the war, 2091:American Civil War 2044:American Civil War 2021:, who had led the 2004: 1992: 1940:Benjamin McCulloch 1912: 1797:Benjamin McCulloch 1737: 1666: 1633:President Buchanan 1625:Benjamin McCulloch 1600:State of the Union 1591: 1388: 1379: 1270: 1242: 1226: 1126: 1107: 1065:Stephen A. Douglas 1053: 1017:Mormon Reformation 972: 957:Federal appointees 850:Stephen A. Douglas 841:Compromise of 1850 788: 780:Stephen A. Douglas 772: 756: 729:Compromise of 1850 652: 640: 623: 426:Buchanan's Blunder 344:United States Army 304:Albert S. Johnston 7970:Conflicts in 1858 7965:Conflicts in 1857 7927: 7926: 7674: 7673: 6855: 6854: 6736:FAIR organization 6679:Salamander letter 6344:Russell M. Nelson 6124:Reformed Egyptian 6107:Pacific Islanders 5948:Plan of salvation 5894:Articles of Faith 5792:succession crisis 5752:Anthon Transcript 5688: 5687: 5665:Abraham Lincoln → 5658:← Franklin Pierce 5604:Buchanan, Georgia 5599:Buchanan, Indiana 5338: 5337: 5300:Casualties of war 5132:Russian Civil War 5097:Korean Expedition 5042:First Barbary War 4921:Brooks–Baxter War 4876:Fries's Rebellion 4871:Whiskey Rebellion 4808:Media related to 4701:(July 26, 1857), 4699:Kimball, Heber C. 4661:Fleek, Sherman L. 4653:978-0-941214-62-9 4615:(April 6, 1858), 4473:(July 5, 1857a), 4444:Walker, Ronald W. 4430:Stenhouse, T.B.H. 4355:978-0-87480-845-2 4217:978-0-8078-4987-3 4190:978-0-300-11307-5 4119:978-0-870-62324-0 4060:978-0-02-879602-4 4041:Ludlow, Daniel H. 4037:"Plural Marriage" 4033:Esplin, Ronald K. 4029:Bachman, Danel W. 4020:978-0-3945-1022-4 3892:978-0-252-06980-2 3712:978-1-7947-8168-9 3290:Salt Lake Tribune 3263:, pp. 39–40. 3049:, pp. 70–71. 3033:978-0-544-60267-0 3026:. HarperCollins. 2993:, pp. 74–75. 2969:, pp. 91–92. 2957:, pp. 81–82. 1900: 1899: 1802:Lazarus W. Powell 1690:Bitterroot Valley 1662:Bitterroot Valley 1629:Lazarus W. Powell 1468:Albert Carrington 1331:John M. Bernhisel 1303:Stewart Van Vliet 1297:Captain Van Vliet 1268:of the U.S. Army. 1266:Stewart Van Vliet 1143:William S. Harney 1105:on April 6, 1862. 1061:John M. Bernhisel 1024:Runaway Officials 913:practices of the 682:, founder of the 648:Old Spanish Trail 410: 409: 234: 233: 138: 137: 75: 74: 16:(Redirected from 8012: 7918: 7917: 7916: 7901:Moab Jeep Safari 7770:Women's suffrage 7723:State of Deseret 7688:African American 7444: 7443: 7273:West Valley City 7080:San Rafael Swell 7050:Colorado Plateau 6882: 6875: 6868: 6859: 6858: 6847: 6843: 6842: 6835: 6831: 6823: 6819: 6818: 6701: 6619: 6408: 6371:Presiding Bishop 6356:First Presidency 6331: 6312:Worship services 6295:Tabernacle Choir 6190: 6102:Native Americans 6065:Temple endowment 6060:Second anointing 6055:Marriage sealing 6008:God in Mormonism 5953:Degrees of glory 5910: 5846: 5809:Mormon Battalion 5762:Church of Christ 5734: 5724: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5677: 5676: 5620:Raising Buchanan 5568:Corwin Amendment 5483:Ostend Manifesto 5433: 5421: 5409: 5401: 5390: 5365: 5358: 5351: 5342: 5341: 5290:Military history 5249:Yemeni civil war 5182:Somali Civil War 5082:Second Opium War 4951:Homestead strike 4866:Shays' Rebellion 4840: 4833: 4826: 4817: 4816: 4807: 4793: 4778: 4760: 4759: 4758: 4749:, archived from 4717:Poll, Richard D. 4712: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4656: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4608: 4588: 4557:, October 2004. 4552: 4529: 4512: 4511: 4497: 4484: 4466: 4455: 4439: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4395:Poll, Richard D. 4390: 4368:Military Affairs 4364:Poll, Richard D. 4359: 4340: 4324: 4322: 4316:. Archived from 4298:10.2307/45227155 4281: 4271: 4249: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4200: 4198: 4197: 4173: 4160: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4137:UC Santa Barbara 4123: 4104: 4071: 4024: 4005: 3993:Deseret Book Co. 3983:Leonard, Glen M. 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3922:, March 14, 1863 3917: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3876: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3698: 3689: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3622: 3607: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3560: 3551:, archived from 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3497: 3486: 3485: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3438: 3437: 3429: 3424:. Archived from 3414: 3408: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3314: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3292:. Archived from 3281: 3275: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3188: 3182: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3103: 3083: 3077: 3076:, p. 47–48. 3071: 3065: 3059: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2964: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2871: 2859: 2853: 2841: 2835: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2795: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2760: 2754: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2718:, pp. 8, 26 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2703: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2673: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2650: 2646:"The Mormon War" 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2536: 2523: 2522: 2515: 2503: 2500: 2472:Short Creek raid 2466:Second Manifesto 2355: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2278:5 October 1857: 2265:Fort Leavenworth 2243:Mountain Meadows 2185:takes office as 2154:executive branch 2023:Mormon Battalion 1988:Mormon Battalion 1959: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1821: 1820: 1740: 1736: 1721:Salt Lake Temple 1683:Vancouver Island 1613:California Trail 1452:Heber C. Kimball 1448:Governor Cumming 1418:north along the 1369:of southwestern 1324: 1310:Harold Schindler 1287:Robert T. Burton 1251:Oregon Territory 1171:Abraham O. Smoot 1139:Fort Leavenworth 1118:First Presidency 1103:Battle of Shiloh 826:Republican Party 815:Wilford Woodruff 752:Millard Fillmore 733:Millard Fillmore 725:State of Deseret 668:severe conflicts 619:State of Deseret 571:Oregon Territory 517:Salt Lake Valley 434:Mormon Rebellion 289: 288: 261: 260: 259: 251: 249: 248: 170: 169: 162: 142: 141: 133: 130: 124: 111:claims that are 85: 77: 70: 67: 61: 38: 30: 21: 8020: 8019: 8015: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8010: 8009: 7930: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7920:Utah portal 7914: 7912: 7905: 7871:Mormon foodways 7854: 7848:Jardine Juniper 7784:Flora and fauna 7779: 7670: 7656:Great Salt Lake 7634: 7625:Sundance Resort 7605:Powder Mountain 7575:Beaver Mountain 7556: 7533: 7495: 7440:Important sites 7435: 7277: 7243:South Salt Lake 7109: 7090:Uinta Mountains 7075:Monument Valley 7031: 6970: 6907: 6895: 6886: 6856: 6851: 6845: 6833: 6821: 6807: 6699: 6693: 6632:Book of Abraham 6617: 6611: 6605:Deseret Ranches 6451:Congregational 6440: 6426:Mormon corridor 6406: 6400: 6329: 6323: 6188: 6186: 6180: 6139:Law of chastity 6013:Heavenly Mother 5908: 5906: 5900: 5879:Book of Abraham 5844: 5838: 5742:1838 Mormon War 5732: 5726: 5722: 5719: 5689: 5684: 5648: 5625: 5572: 5543:Bleeding Kansas 5502: 5436: 5424: 5412: 5404: 5393: 5382: 5374: 5369: 5339: 5334: 5253: 5112:Boxer Rebellion 5015: 4896:Bleeding Kansas 4854: 4847: 4844: 4800: 4781: 4763: 4756: 4754: 4739: 4715: 4697: 4690: 4688: 4675:, Provo, Utah: 4659: 4654: 4644:Signature Books 4630: 4623: 4621: 4613:Buchanan, James 4611: 4593:Buchanan, James 4591: 4568: 4539: 4536: 4534:Further reading 4518: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4450:. Provo, Utah: 4421: 4419: 4380:10.2307/1983459 4356: 4320: 4279: 4268: 4254:Hafen, Leroy R. 4222: 4220: 4218: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4150:Buchanan, James 4141: 4139: 4120: 4061: 4021: 4003: 3979:Allen, James B. 3973: 3968: 3967: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3931: 3927: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3893: 3877: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3837: 3833: 3824: 3822: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3794: 3790: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3724: 3720: 3713: 3699: 3692: 3682:Richard D. Poll 3680: 3676: 3649: 3645: 3623: 3610: 3601: 3597: 3592:People v. Young 3589: 3585: 3574: 3570: 3558: 3556: 3549: 3529: 3525: 3517: 3513: 3498: 3489: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3441: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3402: 3398: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3336: 3332: 3324: 3317: 3305: 3301: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3248: 3244: 3236: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3191: 3183: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3034: 3018: 3014: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2945:, p. 1095. 2941: 2937: 2929: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2909:, pp. 1–7. 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2874: 2860: 2856: 2842: 2838: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2786: 2782: 2775: 2761: 2757: 2738: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2701: 2699: 2687: 2683: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2657:. May 19, 1858. 2648: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2631: 2627: 2618: 2616: 2604: 2600: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2579:. A. H. Clark. 2571: 2567: 2559: 2552: 2537: 2526: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2370:(1838 Missouri) 2362:1838 Mormon War 2351: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2310:23 March 1858: 2222:Porter Rockwell 2178: 2160:. In 1869, the 2118:Abraham Lincoln 2052: 2009:New York Herald 1960: 1957: 1849: 1847: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1815: 1746:Peace agreement 1735: 1712:Elias Blackburn 1654: 1649: 1637:William Stowell 1580: 1489: 1484: 1476:William Stowell 1456:Daniel H. Wells 1411:William Stowell 1356: 1339: 1322: 1314:posse comitatus 1299: 1282:Daniel H. Wells 1236:Members of the 1208:George A. Smith 1191:Parley P. Pratt 1167:Porter Rockwell 1147:Bleeding Kansas 1131: 1114:Daniel H. Wells 1091: 1086: 1084:Troop movements 1077:posse comitatus 1032:Glen M. Leonard 959: 879: 873: 811:plural marriage 803: 793: 706:Mexican Cession 660:Alta California 628: 607: 587:Bleeding Kansas 500:Daniel H. Wells 465: 418:Utah Expedition 332: 322:Daniel H. Wells 308: 283: 269: 257: 255: 246: 244: 208: 198: 188: 163: 134: 128: 125: 103:information or 99:It may include 98: 86: 71: 65: 62: 55: 43:This article's 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8018: 8008: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7925: 7924: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7862: 7860: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7852: 7851: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7787: 7785: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7751: 7750: 7743:Utah Territory 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7713:Salt Lake City 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7684: 7682: 7676: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7566: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7543: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7505: 7503: 7501:National parks 7497: 7496: 7494: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7452: 7450: 7441: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7287: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7228:Salt Lake City 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7203:Pleasant Grove 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7119: 7117: 7115:Largest cities 7111: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7041: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6978: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6926:Climate change 6923: 6917: 6915: 6909: 6908: 6903:Salt Lake City 6900: 6897: 6896: 6885: 6884: 6877: 6870: 6862: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6849: 6837: 6825: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6803: 6798: 6788: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6764:Mormon studies 6761: 6756: 6751: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6705: 6703: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6670: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6637:Book of Mormon 6634: 6629: 6627:Anti-Mormonism 6623: 6621: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6607: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6570: 6568:Philanthropies 6565: 6564: 6563: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6507:Ensign College 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6412: 6410: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6376:Relief Society 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6335: 6333: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6194: 6192: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6176:Word of Wisdom 6173: 6168: 6166:Temple garment 6163: 6158: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6074: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5986: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5963:Premortal life 5960: 5955: 5945: 5940: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5866: 5861: 5859:Book of Mormon 5856: 5850: 5848: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5779: 5777:Historic sites 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5747:1890 Manifesto 5744: 5738: 5736: 5728: 5727: 5718: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5695: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5669: 5668: 5661: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5640: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5623: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5518: 5512: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5444: 5442: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5422: 5410: 5402: 5391: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5372:James Buchanan 5368: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5345: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5305:Peace movement 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4956:Pullman Strike 4953: 4948: 4946:Coal Creek War 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4891:Dorr Rebellion 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4842: 4835: 4828: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4799: 4798:External links 4796: 4795: 4794: 4779: 4765:Young, Brigham 4761: 4738:978-0874804256 4737: 4721:"The Utah War" 4713: 4695: 4657: 4652: 4628: 4609: 4589: 4566: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4498: 4485: 4471:Young, Brigham 4467: 4456: 4440: 4426: 4391: 4374:(3): 121–131, 4360: 4354: 4341: 4328: 4325: 4323:on 2009-03-26. 4272: 4266: 4250: 4232:Greene, John P 4228: 4216: 4201: 4189: 4174: 4161: 4146: 4124: 4118: 4105: 4072: 4059: 4025: 4019: 4006: 4001: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3953: 3949:Stenhouse 1874 3941: 3925: 3920:New York Times 3904: 3891: 3868: 3856: 3844: 3831: 3800: 3788: 3786:, p. 331. 3776: 3767: 3765:, p. 258. 3755: 3753:, p. 308. 3743: 3741:, p. 102. 3731: 3718: 3711: 3690: 3674: 3643: 3608: 3595: 3583: 3568: 3547: 3523: 3521:, p. 100. 3511: 3487: 3468: 3456: 3439: 3428:on 2008-09-08. 3409: 3396: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3340:, p. 301. 3330: 3326:Buchanan 1857y 3315: 3299: 3276: 3265: 3253: 3242: 3240:, p. 147. 3230: 3228:, p. 217. 3226:Arrington 1985 3218: 3216:, p. 228. 3206: 3204:, p. 226. 3189: 3174: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3134:MacKinnon 2007 3126: 3114: 3094:(3): 349–375, 3078: 3066: 3051: 3039: 3032: 3012: 2995: 2983: 2971: 2959: 2947: 2935: 2923: 2921:, p. 109. 2911: 2899: 2897:, p. 255. 2895:Arrington 1985 2887: 2872: 2854: 2836: 2821: 2814: 2780: 2773: 2755: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2681: 2660: 2637: 2635:, p. 110. 2625: 2598: 2585: 2565: 2561:MacKinnon 2007 2550: 2524: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2460:Smoot Hearings 2457: 2452: 2450:1890 Manifesto 2447: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323:James Buchanan 2321:6 April 1858: 2319: 2316:scorched earth 2308: 2305: 2302: 2291: 2276: 2261: 2258: 2239: 2236: 2229:Salt Lake City 2225: 2218: 2215:Alfred Cumming 2211: 2204:Utah Territory 2200: 2197:James Buchanan 2193: 2190: 2183:James Buchanan 2177: 2174: 2172:of 1904–1907. 2170:Smoot Hearings 2158:probate courts 2070: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2051: 2048: 1955: 1944:Lazarus Powell 1898: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1886:Utah Territory 1884: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1868:James Buchanan 1864: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1855:Thomas L. Kane 1837: 1825: 1823:James Buchanan 1811: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1734: 1731: 1702:Salt Lake City 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1609:Panama Railway 1595:Thomas L. Kane 1587:Thomas L. Kane 1579: 1578:Thomas L. Kane 1576: 1553:Colorado River 1522:Colorado River 1514:Colorado River 1497:Colorado River 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1437:Alfred Cumming 1355: 1352: 1338: 1335: 1298: 1295: 1264:Major General 1135:Winfield Scott 1130: 1127: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1072:Alfred Cumming 1028:James B. Allen 1013:probate courts 993:Fourth of July 958: 955: 891:probate judges 875:Main article: 872: 869: 865:Indian slavery 792: 789: 764:James Buchanan 658:(then part of 627: 624: 615:Utah Territory 606: 603: 599:Alfred Cumming 597:to non-Mormon 559:Aiken Massacre 476:Utah Territory 472:James Buchanan 467:In 1857–1858, 464: 461: 445:Utah Territory 408: 407: 396: 395: 391: 390: 387: 383: 382: 378: 377: 369: 368: 367: 362: 357: 352: 339: 338: 337:Units involved 334: 333: 331: 330: 324: 318: 311: 309: 307: 306: 300: 298:Alfred Cumming 294: 292:James Buchanan 280: 277: 276: 272: 271: 253: 241: 240: 236: 235: 232: 231: 230: 229: 226:James Buchanan 222: 204: 200: 199: 186:Utah Territory 184: 182: 178: 177: 174: 166: 165: 155: 154: 147: 146: 136: 135: 89: 87: 80: 73: 72: 52:the key points 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8017: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7960:Nauvoo Legion 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7922: 7921: 7908: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7857: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7825: 7824: 7821: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7792: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7677: 7667: 7666:Temple Square 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7643: 7641: 7637: 7631: 7630:Wolf Mountain 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7570:Alta Ski Area 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7498: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7123:American Fork 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7112: 7106: 7105:Wasatch Range 7103: 7101: 7100:Wasatch Front 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7070:Mojave Desert 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6905: 6904: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6883: 6878: 6876: 6871: 6869: 6864: 6863: 6860: 6848: 6838: 6836: 6830: 6826: 6824: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6786: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6696: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6684:September Six 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6614: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6480: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6443: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6403: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6381:Sunday School 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6326: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6183: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6144:Homosexuality 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6134:Birth control 6132: 6131: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6087:Black Mormons 6085: 6083: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5909:and practices 5903: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5874:Book of Moses 5872: 5871: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5834:2023 SEC case 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5757:Brigham Young 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5729: 5725: 5716: 5711: 5709: 5704: 5702: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5681: 5680: 5671: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5533:Panic of 1857 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5458:Oregon Treaty 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5381: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5366: 5361: 5359: 5354: 5352: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5325:War on terror 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5247: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4850: 4841: 4836: 4834: 4829: 4827: 4822: 4821: 4818: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4792:on 2016-10-20 4791: 4787: 4786: 4780: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4753:on 2017-01-13 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4687:on 2014-02-19 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4563:0-252-02972-0 4560: 4556: 4553:Reprinted by 4550: 4547:. Cambridge: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4516: 4507: 4506: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4463: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4326: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4267:9780803273573 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4219: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4202: 4192: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4159:, [Washington 4158: 4157: 4151: 4147: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4086:San Francisco 4083: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4004: 4002:0-87747-594-6 3998: 3994: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3963:, p. 63. 3962: 3957: 3950: 3945: 3938: 3934: 3933:Bancroft 1889 3929: 3921: 3914: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3888: 3884: 3883: 3875: 3873: 3865: 3860: 3854:, p. 49. 3853: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3820: 3816: 3815: 3810: 3804: 3797: 3796:Buchanan 1858 3792: 3785: 3780: 3771: 3764: 3759: 3752: 3747: 3740: 3735: 3728: 3722: 3714: 3708: 3704: 3697: 3695: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3579: 3572: 3565: 3555:on 2024-03-21 3554: 3550: 3548:9780874804256 3544: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3527: 3520: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3483: 3479: 3472: 3465: 3460: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3406: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3375: 3370: 3363: 3358: 3352:, p. 47. 3351: 3346: 3339: 3334: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3307:Bancroft 1889 3303: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3274: 3269: 3262: 3257: 3251: 3246: 3239: 3234: 3227: 3222: 3215: 3210: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3187:, p. 30. 3186: 3181: 3179: 3172:, p. 29. 3171: 3166: 3159: 3158:Buchanan 1858 3154: 3147: 3146:Buchanan 1858 3142: 3135: 3130: 3123: 3118: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3075: 3074:Melville 1960 3070: 3063: 3058: 3056: 3048: 3043: 3035: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3016: 3008: 3007: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2980: 2975: 2968: 2963: 2956: 2951: 2944: 2939: 2932: 2927: 2920: 2915: 2908: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2834: 2830: 2829:Bancroft 1889 2825: 2817: 2815:9780195310306 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2793: 2784: 2776: 2774:9780195160345 2770: 2766: 2759: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2740:Bancroft 1889 2736: 2729: 2728:Bancroft 1889 2724: 2717: 2712: 2698: 2697: 2692: 2685: 2677: 2670: 2664: 2656: 2655: 2647: 2641: 2634: 2629: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2602: 2588: 2586:9780870620355 2582: 2578: 2577: 2569: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2546: 2542: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2520: 2514: 2510: 2499: 2495: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2478:Theodemocracy 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2404:Morrisite War 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2386:Mormon Exodus 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2343: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2317: 2314:implements a 2313: 2312:Brigham Young 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2233:Brigham Young 2230: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2210:, p. 5). 2209: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2147:Amelia Folsom 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2077:, Nevada and 2076: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2010: 2001: 1996: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1973: 1972: 1965: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1935: 1931: 1929: 1928:Simon Cameron 1923: 1919: 1917: 1909: 1904: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1883:United States 1882: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1871:Brigham Young 1870: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1835:Brigham Young 1826: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1778:June 12, 1858 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1762:June 12, 1858 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1716: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1670: 1663: 1658: 1644: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1565:Jacob Hamblin 1561: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1544: 1542: 1541:General Jesup 1538: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1472:Ephraim Hanks 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1415: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1383: 1376: 1375:Nauvoo Legion 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1351: 1347: 1344: 1334: 1332: 1326: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1274:Nauvoo Legion 1267: 1262: 1258: 1256: 1255:Tooele County 1252: 1248: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1204: 1200: 1199:Carson Valley 1194: 1192: 1188: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1123: 1122:Nauvoo Legion 1119: 1115: 1111: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1081: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1004: 1000: 998: 997:abolitionists 994: 988: 984: 981: 977: 968: 963: 954: 952: 947: 943: 938: 936: 935:Lake Michigan 932: 931:Beaver Island 928: 924: 923:laissez-faire 920: 919:republicanism 916: 912: 911:communitarian 907: 905: 899: 896: 892: 886: 884: 878: 877:Theodemocracy 871:Theodemocracy 868: 866: 862: 861:black slavery 857: 855: 851: 846: 842: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 818: 816: 812: 808: 802: 798: 785: 781: 776: 769: 765: 760: 753: 749: 748:Brigham Young 744: 740: 738: 734: 730: 726: 721: 719: 715: 714:Sutter's Mill 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 690:Brigham Young 687: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 649: 644: 637: 632: 620: 616: 611: 602: 600: 596: 595:Brigham Young 590: 588: 585:struggle in " 582: 580: 576: 573:, modern-day 572: 568: 563: 560: 555: 553: 549: 544: 540: 535: 533: 529: 528:Nauvoo Legion 524: 522: 518: 512: 507: 505: 504:Nauvoo Legion 501: 496: 494: 490: 485: 481: 477: 473: 470: 460: 456: 454: 450: 449:US government 446: 442: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 422:Utah Campaign 419: 415: 405: 401: 397: 392: 388: 385: 384: 379: 376:Armed mormons 375: 374: 373:Nauvoo Legion 370: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 355:10th Infantry 353: 351: 348: 347: 346: 345: 341: 340: 335: 329: 325: 323: 319: 317: 316:Brigham Young 313: 312: 310: 305: 301: 299: 295: 293: 287: 282: 281: 279: 278: 273: 268: 264: 254: 252:United States 243: 242: 237: 227: 223: 221: 217: 216:Brigham Young 214: 213: 212: 211: 205: 202: 201: 196: 192: 189:(present day 187: 183: 180: 179: 175: 172: 171: 167: 161: 156: 153: 148: 143: 140: 132: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 96: 95: 90:This section 88: 84: 79: 78: 69: 59: 53: 51: 46: 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 7911: 7765:World War II 7760:Wakara's War 7754: 7698:Mormon Trail 7258:Taylorsville 7248:Spanish Fork 7238:South Jordan 7095:Wasatch Back 7045:Cache Valley 7017:Homelessness 6997:Demographics 6901: 6784: 6747:I'm a Mormon 6746: 6729: 6709:Bloggernacle 6556:FamilySearch 6445:Organization 6407:Demographics 6257: 6149:Masturbation 6082:Black people 5938:Adam and Eve 5845:Sacred texts 5828: 5782:Joseph Smith 5767:First Vision 5672: 5663: 5656: 5637:Harriet Lane 5618: 5577:Public image 5537: 5520: 5137:World War II 4931:Hamburg riot 4900: 4790:the original 4784: 4773: 4755:, retrieved 4751:the original 4724: 4707: 4689:, retrieved 4685:the original 4672: 4639: 4622:, retrieved 4617: 4600: 4577: 4544: 4520: 4493: 4489: 4479: 4461: 4447: 4434: 4420:, retrieved 4411:(2): 16–44, 4408: 4402: 4371: 4367: 4345: 4336: 4332: 4318:the original 4292:(1): 43–81. 4289: 4283: 4257: 4236: 4221:. Retrieved 4206: 4194:. Retrieved 4179: 4169: 4165: 4154: 4140:, retrieved 4132: 4109: 4080: 4049:, New York: 4045: 4010: 3986: 3961:Furniss 2005 3956: 3944: 3928: 3919: 3907: 3896: 3881: 3859: 3847: 3839: 3834: 3823:. Retrieved 3821:, LDS Church 3813: 3803: 3791: 3779: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3726: 3721: 3702: 3688:, pp. 12, 13 3685: 3677: 3668: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3630: 3626: 3603: 3598: 3591: 3586: 3577: 3571: 3563: 3557:, retrieved 3553:the original 3537: 3526: 3519:Furniss 2005 3514: 3505: 3501: 3481: 3471: 3459: 3433: 3426:the original 3421: 3412: 3404: 3399: 3381: 3369: 3357: 3345: 3333: 3302: 3294:the original 3289: 3279: 3268: 3256: 3245: 3233: 3221: 3209: 3170:Furniss 2005 3165: 3153: 3141: 3129: 3117: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3069: 3062:Furniss 2005 3047:Furniss 2005 3042: 3022: 3015: 3005: 2998: 2991:Furniss 2005 2986: 2974: 2962: 2955:Furniss 2005 2950: 2938: 2933:, p. 7. 2931:Crawley 1989 2926: 2914: 2907:Furniss 2005 2902: 2890: 2865: 2857: 2847: 2839: 2824: 2791: 2783: 2764: 2758: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2700:. Retrieved 2694: 2684: 2675: 2663: 2652: 2640: 2628: 2617:. Retrieved 2608: 2601: 2590:. Retrieved 2575: 2568: 2544: 2513: 2498: 2442: 2421: 2299:Fort Bridger 2181:March 1857: 2151: 2114: 2102:Pony Express 2099: 2095:Fort Douglas 2083: 2071: 2053: 2050:Consequences 2031: 2007: 2005: 1986:had led the 1969: 1967: 1962: 1952: 1949: 1937: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1913: 1718: 1687: 1673:enforce his 1671: 1667: 1641: 1621: 1617: 1592: 1573: 1569: 1562: 1549:Virgin River 1545: 1540: 1526: 1510:Virgin River 1490: 1445: 1441: 1429:2nd Dragoons 1425:Fort Bridger 1416: 1408: 1404: 1396:Fort Bridger 1389: 1348: 1340: 1327: 1319: 1307: 1300: 1291:Mormon trail 1271: 1247:Salmon River 1243: 1227: 1195: 1183: 1163: 1155:2nd Dragoons 1132: 1129:Preparations 1069: 1058: 1054: 1041: 1021: 1005: 1001: 989: 985: 973: 970:inhabitants. 950: 939: 927:James Strang 915:United Order 908: 900: 887: 880: 858: 838: 819: 804: 731:. President 722: 698:Nuevo México 688: 653: 636:Mormon Trail 591: 583: 564: 556: 536: 525: 514: 509: 497: 466: 457: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 411: 399: 371: 365:2nd Dragoons 350:5th Infantry 342: 239:Belligerents 218:replaced as 207:Inconclusive 206: 150:Part of the 139: 126: 113:unverifiable 101:hallucinated 91: 66:January 2024 63: 47: 45:lead section 7876:Pioneer Day 7595:Deer Valley 7562:Ski resorts 7268:West Jordan 7253:Springville 7085:Uinta Basin 7060:Great Basin 7022:LGBT rights 6936:Earthquakes 6779:Senkyoshigo 6662:Linguistics 6386:Young Women 6290:Tabernacles 6285:Pioneer Day 6189:and worship 6033:Interracial 6018:Ministering 6001:Transgender 5977:Fast Sunday 5432:(1821–1823) 5420:(1823–1831) 5408:(1834–1845) 5400:(1845–1849) 5389:(1857–1861) 5192:Bosnian War 5152:Vietnam War 5127:World War I 5117:Banana Wars 5047:War of 1812 4503:Attribution 4452:BYU Studies 4339:(1): 33–55. 4156:territories 3407:, 80 n. 80. 3238:Bigler 2003 3214:Young 1857d 3202:Young 1857d 3064:, p. . 2967:Gordon 2002 2919:Gordon 2002 2885:, p. . 2883:Bigler 2003 2716:Greene 1839 2462:(1903–1907) 2430:Edmunds Act 2394:(1856–1858) 2388:(1846–1857) 2382:(1844–1845) 2271:headed for 2255:John D. Lee 2231:and inform 2208:Young 1857a 2027:Mexican War 2025:during the 1916:Sam Houston 1908:Sam Houston 1863:Signatories 1810:Negotiators 1598:Buchanan's 1527:Meanwhile, 1460:John Taylor 1367:high desert 1343:martial law 1337:Martial law 1179:Pioneer Day 1151:free-soiler 980:Organic Act 967:White House 925:economics. 895:arbitration 569:in eastern 484:persecution 386:2,500–3,000 152:Mormon wars 7934:Categories 7891:State fair 7733:Tintic War 7421:Washington 7223:St. George 7138:Clearfield 7133:Cedar City 6961:Healthcare 6951:Government 6642:Archeology 6600:AgReserves 6497:BYU-Hawaii 6475:Statistics 6330:Leadership 6119:Revelation 6072:Priesthood 6045:Ordinances 5958:Exaltation 5854:Holy Bible 5508:Presidency 5330:War crimes 5197:Kosovo War 5142:Korean War 5122:Border War 4981:Bonus Army 4976:Tulsa riot 4966:Red Summer 4886:Mormon War 4757:2013-11-11 4691:2013-04-09 4624:2021-01-09 4422:2021-01-10 4223:2012-12-03 4196:2012-12-03 4172:(4): 7–22. 4142:2009-08-17 3971:References 3935:, p. 3825:2021-01-09 3727:BC Studies 3559:2024-05-17 3482:Historynet 3309:, p. 3110:4798052788 2702:2022-07-04 2696:LDS Living 2619:2012-05-14 2592:2012-05-14 2545:Historynet 2519:"Utah War" 2416:Poland Act 2364:(Missouri) 2079:California 2035:Camp Floyd 1964:document: 1652:Move south 1420:Bear River 1392:South Pass 1363:South Pass 1165:including 1009:common law 946:Mormon War 883:theocratic 795:See also: 762:President 605:Background 567:Fort Lemhi 430:Mormon War 400:Civilians: 290:President 105:references 7796:Arachnids 7610:Snowbasin 7376:Salt Lake 7296:Box Elder 7183:Millcreek 7158:Kaysville 7128:Bountiful 7007:Education 6956:Governors 6946:Geography 6906:(capital) 6618:Criticism 6561:RootsTech 6492:BYU-Idaho 6436:Ex-Mormon 6391:Young Men 6339:President 6317:Sacrament 6129:Sexuality 6028:Celestial 5943:Evolution 5933:Cosmology 5473:Doughface 5468:Wheatland 5037:Quasi-War 4926:Range War 4314:254387152 2284:guerrilla 2280:Lot Smith 2120:in 1860. 2106:Lot Smith 2039:Utah Lake 1998:Lt. Col. 1982:Lt. Col. 1791:Mediators 1783:Condition 1775:Effective 1537:Fort Yuma 1516:and into 1505:Fort Yuma 1400:Lot Smith 1386:occurred. 1043:his rule. 746:Governor 737:president 521:U.S. Army 469:President 432:, or the 328:Lot Smith 296:Governor 107:. Please 50:summarize 7940:Utah War 7816:Mollusks 7755:Utah War 7381:San Juan 7331:Garfield 7321:Duchesne 7283:Counties 7213:Riverton 7153:Holladay 7027:Politics 7012:Gun laws 6982:Abortion 6822:Category 6785:Sunstone 6749:campaign 6730:Dialogue 6647:Genetics 6573:Finances 6460:District 6280:Pageants 6260:magazine 6225:Foodways 6208:Feminism 6038:Polygamy 6023:Marriage 5829:Utah War 5819:Pioneers 5679:Category 5645:(nephew) 5538:Utah War 5320:Cold War 5237:Cameroon 5207:Iraq War 5177:Gulf War 4901:Utah War 4859:Domestic 4810:Utah War 4747:30473917 4719:(1994), 4663:(2006), 4634:(1988), 4543:(1958). 4432:(1874). 4417:23286598 4306:45227155 4234:(1839). 4152:(1858), 4094:07018413 4078:(1889), 4069:24502140 4035:(1992), 3985:(1976), 3665:41695038 3639:41695038 3508:(4): 50. 3391:Archived 3374:Woodruff 3362:Woodruff 2339:See also 2176:Timeline 2166:Gentiles 1956:— 1906:Senator 1893:Language 1767:Location 1754:Utah War 1698:Shoshone 1097:Colonel 843:and the 830:platform 807:polygamy 778:Senator 768:polygamy 754:in 1850. 676:Illinois 672:Missouri 543:Missouri 539:Arkansas 463:Overview 441:settlers 414:Utah War 381:Strength 302:General 181:Location 145:Utah War 129:May 2024 7896:Symbols 7859:Culture 7811:Mammals 7718:Slavery 7680:History 7416:Wasatch 7386:Sanpete 7356:Millard 7311:Daggett 7178:Midvale 7037:Regions 7002:Economy 6987:Culture 6975:Society 6921:Outline 6846:Outline 6700:Related 6396:Primary 6300:Temples 6270:Mormons 6258:Liahona 6187:Culture 6171:Suicide 6154:Soaking 6112:Slavery 5928:Calling 5907:Beliefs 5733:History 5258:Related 5020:Foreign 4671:(ed.), 4586:4694895 4388:1983459 4246:4968992 4102:4694895 4043:(ed.), 3842:(2007). 2833:562–563 1896:English 1878:Parties 1751:Context 1725:tithing 1694:Bannock 1557:Mojaves 1503:toward 1371:Wyoming 1354:Contact 1238:Bannock 976:Gentile 942:Danites 904:Zionist 854:slavery 694:control 662:in the 579:Bannock 548:Natives 532:Wyoming 489:scythes 443:in the 263:Deseret 195:Wyoming 7406:Uintah 7401:Tooele 7396:Summit 7391:Sevier 7361:Morgan 7306:Carbon 7291:Beaver 7263:Tooele 7188:Murray 7163:Layton 7148:Draper 6966:People 6913:Topics 6667:Origin 5989:Gender 5630:Family 4745: 4735: 4650: 4584: 4561: 4415: 4386: 4352: 4312: 4304: 4264: 4244: 4214: 4187: 4116: 4100: 4092: 4067: 4057: 4017: 3999: 3889: 3709: 3663: 3637: 3545: 3108: 3030: 2812: 2771: 2583: 2474:(1953) 2468:(1904) 2446:(1890) 2438:(1887) 2432:(1882) 2426:(1879) 2418:(1874) 2412:(1862) 2406:(1862) 2400:(1857) 2376:(1838) 2269:Kansas 2251:Paiute 2247:Mormon 1759:Signed 1707:Nevada 1605:Panama 1518:Sonora 1474:, and 1365:. 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