632:
ignoring 70 shares of stock, out of roughly 1100, which allowed others to get a higher dividend. Also, one shareholder who tore down canal property tried to sell off the bricks. An unauthorized grist mill was built using the canal water. One officer who let the city of
Petersburg take cobbles from canal property to build a road across the canal property to the officers own mill. This made other rentals of water useless, since a road lay where their mills would be. The mill owner would have had to buy water rights to the water power in a competitive bid, but having built a road where their competition would build mills, they paid a much lower price for the water. Hinton suggested that $ 600 was a reasonable rent to charge the mill owner, because there should have been a competitive bid allowed.
596:
650:
268:
491:
475:
248:
37:
631:
In 1872, W.E. Hinton, Jr, as president of the Upper
Appomattox Canal Company, asked shareholders to agree to correct mismanagement, since there had not been a shareholder meeting since 1866. This mismanagement included paying out dividends before making repairs to the canal. Dividends were paid out
558:
Plantation, were deemed dangerous for passing boats by the
Virginia General Assembly. The General Assembly gave Archibald Thweatt, owner of Eppington, compensation from any damages but allowed the Upper Appomattox Canal company to build a dam and locks around the falls in 1819. Archibald Thweatt and
640:
N.M. Osborne and E.S. Stith as collateral. The money from the bonds, was used to rebuild the
Navigable Aqueduct on Old Town Creek, now called Rohoic Creek, and rebuild a lock keeper's home, buildings, several locks and dams for mills. The next year the General Assembly gave the company the right to
461:
employed white boatmen as well as freemen and slaves. One fourth of all cargo was transported from
Farmville in bateau on the Appomattox River. Slaves on one plantation, including Sam White, inherited land from a repentant southerner, Richard Randolph, in 1810. He had freed them upon his death in
210:
from 1745 to 1891. The system included a navigation, modifications on the
Appomattox River, a Canal around the falls Petersburg, and a turning basin in Petersburg to turn their narrow long boats around, unload the farm products from upstream and load up with manufactured goods from Petersburg. In
237:, sixty feet long, six feet wide and two feet deep. It was also designed to carry the largest load through the smallest parts of the river system. Unlike the James River bateau, the Appomattox trips went up and down river so they were not designed to be sold as lumber at the end of the voyage.
513:
The Upper
Appomattox Canal, in Petersburg, was rebuilt by John Couty as a lock and dam system with a total of 17 locks and 8 miles. It was still designed for bateau. Tolls were paid by shippers to support the cost of maintaining the locks and dams. In fiscal year, 1831, boatmen shipped around
215:
and load goods from far away for
Farmville and plantations upstream. Canal boats would return up river with manufactured goods. People who could afford it, rode in boats on the canal as the fastest and most comfortable ride. The river was used for transportation and shipping goods for over 100
509:
In 1829 the
Virginia General Assembly hired a public engineer to determine the possibility and cost of connecting the upper Appomattox River to the Roanoke River at the Mouth of the Staunton from the Appomattox past Farmville by canal or rail. However, that canal connection was never built.
373:
The
Virginia General Assembly incorporated the Upper Appomattox Company in 1795. The state had bought 125 shares by 1801 to support the growth of transportation. In 1807, the company is allowed to sell bonds for one fourth of the expense of building the canal. A 335 foot long dam in the
224:
The River was modified for transportation around 1745 and further modified over its years of use. Much of the canal system was built by slaves. Freed Blacks of Israel Hill worked as Boatman. The Canal took damage in the Civil War and was used until faster rail transportation was available.
706:, just north of Petersburg, in 1891. The railroad was narrow gauge but could provide transportation for goods and people over a similar route as the canal in just four hours. The railroads were pricing lower due to competition and made the trip in hours rather than days.
635:
Senator Hinton, was elected as an officer in 1872 and got the right to sell bonds. In 1876, Bonds are given to Hinton as $ 4000 salary; sold to Captain N. M. Osborne and Major John Robinson of Baltimore and given to the State of Virginia, the Bank of Petersburg, and
677:
as "a system in which armies of free men, guilty of no crimes and entitled by law to freedom, were compelled to labor without compensation, were repeatedly bought and sold, and were forced to do the bidding of white masters through ... physical coercion."
402:. Built for $ 60,000, the canal was big enough to carry the bateau, six feet wide and three feet deep. With another $ 10,000 it could carry all river traffic. Slaves enhanced the Appomattox River from Farmville over 100 miles to Petersburg with numerous
566:
plantation at Epps Falls on the Appomattox River had 100 slaves, a warehouse and a dock. Neighboring farmers could ship farm produce from the docks. There were large loading facilities. When coal was first mined at the
462:
1796. They formed a town on the land and farmed, built buildings on the land and operated many of the boats on the Appomattox, transporting goods for a fee. They were still living there as freemen up to the time of the
722:
and other stone work remain on the Appomattox River & Heritage Trail in Petersburg, Virginia. The straight part of the canal to the turning basin follows Upper Appomattox Street and was part of the
727:
for many years. The location of the turning basin is at Dunlop Street, High Street, South Street and Commerce. The water used to flow down Canal street back to the Appomattox River.
587:
Water flowing below the Basin down into the Appomattox powered mills and factories. The mills produced cotton, wool, hemp flax and flour. The flour was exported as far way as Brazil.
760:
17:
571:, in 1837, it was taken by mule, later by rail, to the docks at Epps Falls. A boat that could carry seven tons of coal, made a four-day round trip to
641:
sell bonds to buy company stock back from the state. The General Assembly also let the company have an additional 10 years to buy back the stock.
984:
441:. A short distance from the Basin, connected a by carriage route, were deep water ports that allowed for transport of to goods to and from the
244:
passed laws to protect navigation on the James River and Appomattox. By statute, a dam could not be built unless it had locks for boat passage.
619:
dammed Rohoic Creek with a large dam that would be difficult to cross. The dam failed and washed away the 1826 navigable aqueduct and the
1167:
1136:
908:
853:
771:
1230:
595:
539:
925:
687:
415:
953:
Annual Report of the Board of Public Works to the General Assembly of Virginia, with the Accompanying Documents
878:
Annual Report of the Board of Public Works to the General Assembly of Virginia: With the Accompanying Documents
649:
805:
691:
620:
317:
714:
The wing dams can still be seen in some places. The first few miles of the canal from the abutment dam, a
1225:
387:
329:
325:
251:
Appomattox River Canal Navigation System 1814 Map cropped from a map of Eastern Virginia by Samuel Lewis.
69:
724:
612:
1038:
845:
Israel on the Appomattox: A Southern Experiment in Black Freedom from the 1790s Through the Civil War
666:
658:
463:
241:
88:
247:
686:
The Canal was used in part until the 1890s. In 1890, the Canal would have had competition with the
267:
490:
1129:
Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II
1079:
1063:
616:
407:
321:
233:
The Appomattox River was cleared for bateau by 1745. These boats were the same dimensions as the
1112:
1095:
967:
951:
876:
843:
1150:
898:
522:
of tobacco leaf, and some tobacco stems; half a million pounds of manufactured goods, barrel
474:
576:
572:
531:
454:
399:
386:
The Appomattox Canal, built in 1816, connected 5.5 miles from the head of the falls at the
313:
207:
166:
8:
736:
674:
604:
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for two dollars and thirty eight cents. This would soon be replaced by transport on the
543:
535:
309:
203:
156:
1013:
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is still in Chesterfield and is open to the public a few days a year. Israel Hill has a
599:
Canal Aqueduct - Petersburg 1865. Wooden Aqueduct to replace the damaged stone aqueduct.
41:
The Abutment Dam, the Appomattox Canal Dam, brought water to the Upper Appomattox Canal.
719:
662:
608:
502:
426:
234:
1132:
904:
849:
732:
703:
375:
568:
391:
199:
176:
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to the Upper Appomattox canal company. Convict Lease was described by the writer
1019:(Report). VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES PUBLICATION 85. p. 10,29–30
695:
538:
rather than carriage. Petersburg was also connected to the north by rail on the
527:
53:
681:
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approved the Virginia governor providing twenty to twenty five prisoners under
442:
281:
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Appomattox diverted water to the canal. The canal was built entirely by
186:
718:, can be walked in Appomattox River Park in Petersburg. Remains of the
36:
728:
563:
555:
411:
1152:
Annual Report of the Railroad Commissioner of the State of Virginia
900:
Artisan Workers in the Upper South: Petersburg, Virginia, 1820-1865
519:
403:
754:
752:
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his heirs were also given leave to build a grist mill on the dam.
1114:
Acts Passed at a General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia
969:
Acts Passed at a General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia
495:
483:
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to take boats over the Rohoic Creek confluence on the way to the
434:
1148:
949:
749:
406:
to keep the flow high. The river also had four stone staircase
198:
allowed farmers who took their wheat and corn to mills on the
419:
1097:
Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia
682:
Farmville and Powhatan Railroad connects to James River 1891
653:
Detail Beers Map 1879 - Upper Appomattox Canal Turning Basin
498:
430:
211:
Petersburg, workers could put goods on ships bound for the
1155:. R.F. Walker, Superintendent Pub. Print. pp. xx–xxx.
694:. The Farmville and Powhatan was connected all the way to
627:
Upper Appomattox Canal company in Reconstruction 1872-1877
530:
and iron. By 1836, Petersburg was connected to docks at
1192:
1168:"More Images from the Indian Town Creek Aqueduct Site"
582:
1039:"To the stockholders of the Upper Appomattox Company"
1014:
MINING HISTORY OF THE RICHMOND COALFIELD OF VIRGINIA
848:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 151–.
761:"Ten New State Historical Highway Markers Approved"
841:
770:. Department of Historic Resources. Archived from
709:
1068:. Commonwealth of Virginia. 1878. pp. 35–52.
1217:
1142:
1011:
255:
985:"Eppington: Crown Jewel of Chesterfield County"
1104:
896:
892:
890:
888:
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518:of flour and 20,000 barrels of wheat; 5,000
478:Upper Appomattox Canal begins upstream as a
806:"The Upper Appomattox Navigation, Virginia"
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
448:
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1005:
611:, there were not enough soldiers to block
1159:
885:
881:. Thomas Ritchie. 1830. pp. 145–156.
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
803:
1149:Virginia. Railroad Commissioner (1893).
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976:
950:Virginia. Board of Public Works (1829).
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871:
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196:Upper Appomattox Canal Navigation system
30:Upper Appomattox Canal Navigation System
18:Upper Appomattox Canal Navigation System
1185:
14:
1218:
1036:
917:
842:Melvin Patrick Ely (1 December 2010).
826:
381:
982:
862:
758:
1172:Chesapeake Bay Watershed Confluences
1165:
923:
583:Water power below the basin in 1850
206:, to ship the flour all the way to
24:
469:
453:One third of Bateau were owned by
25:
1242:
1065:Journal of the Senate of Virginia
425:The Canal around the falls had a
58:5 ft 0 in (1.52 m)
768:Department of Historic Resources
615:advancement in all places. The
540:Richmond and Petersburg Railroad
266:
35:
1121:
1088:
1072:
1056:
983:Stith, M.D. (August 23, 1989).
710:What remains of the canal today
688:Farmville and Powhatan Railroad
505:over Rohoic Creek still remain.
418:. Two of these watermills had
228:
1166:Jost, Scott (March 12, 2010).
1037:Hinton, William (1872-11-11).
960:
924:Ely, Melvin (August 5, 2007).
261:Upper Appomattox Canal company
103:Upper Appomattox Canal company
68:(Staircase fashion around the
13:
1:
903:. LSU Press. pp. 22–26.
742:
486:and dug out of soil and clay.
256:Upper Appomattox Company 1795
1199:. Eppington Foundation. 2014
926:"'Israel on the Appomattox'"
897:Diane Barnes (1 June 2008).
549:
272:Stock Certificate on Vellum.
7:
1045:. Duke University Libraries
804:Trout III, W (1973-06-13).
759:Jones, Randy (2009-04-15).
363:Major John Robinson Officer
80:No longer in use since 1890
10:
1247:
725:Seaboard Air Line Railroad
219:
1100:. 1877. pp. 218–219.
1043:Duke University Libraries
1012:Gerald P. Wilkes (1988).
972:. 1819. pp. 195–196.
667:Virginia General Assembly
659:Emancipation Proclamation
645:After Reconstruction 1877
464:Emancipation Proclamation
336:
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295:
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277:
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242:Virginia General Assembly
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89:Virginia General Assembly
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62:
51:
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34:
29:
1231:Human-powered watercraft
815:. American Canal Society
690:which competed with the
449:Israel on the Appomattox
1084:. 1878. pp. 32–45.
617:Confederate States Army
360:N. M. Osborne , Officer
1193:"Eppington Plantation"
994:. Eppington Foundation
654:
600:
526:, cotton, corn, salt,
506:
487:
378:owned by the company.
357:W.E. Hinton, President
346:John Archer, President
252:
1174:. Bridgewater College
1127:Blackmon, Douglas A.
665:on April 2, 1877,the
661:and after the end of
652:
598:
591:Civil War damage 1865
542:and the South on the
493:
477:
250:
1197:Eppington Foundation
992:Eppington Foundation
932:. New York, New York
577:Clover Hill Railroad
455:Free people of color
414:along the river had
400:Petersburg, Virginia
314:Petersburg, Virginia
167:Petersburg, Virginia
85:Navigation authority
72:and along the river)
956:. pp. 589–590.
737:Farmville, Virginia
675:Douglas A. Blackmon
605:Siege of Petersburg
554:Epps Falls, at the
544:Petersburg Railroad
536:City Point Railroad
457:. Bateau owned by
416:locks in their dams
382:Canal built in 1816
349:John Royal, Officer
310:Farmville, Virginia
262:
204:Farmville, Virginia
157:Farmville, Virginia
1226:Canals in Virginia
720:navigable aqueduct
692:Southside Railroad
663:Reconstruction Era
655:
621:Southside Railroad
609:American Civil War
601:
507:
503:Navigable aqueduct
488:
427:navigable aqueduct
260:
253:
235:James River bateau
124:Construction began
108:Principal engineer
1137:978-0-385-50625-0
1111:Virginia (1877).
910:978-0-8071-3419-1
855:978-0-307-77342-5
733:historical marker
704:Chester, Virginia
376:enslaved Africans
371:
370:
192:
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111:John Couty (1830)
16:(Redirected from
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569:Clover Hill Pits
429:made with Stone
392:Appomattox River
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202:, as far way as
200:Appomattox River
177:Appomattox River
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813:American Canals
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696:Bermuda Hundred
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470:Rebuilt in 1830
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1117:. p. 304.
1103:
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930:New York Times
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683:
680:
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638:private banker
628:
625:
592:
589:
584:
581:
551:
548:
546:in the 1830s.
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468:
450:
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443:Chesapeake Bay
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100:Original owner
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47:Specifications
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777:on 2015-09-23
773:
769:
762:
755:
753:
748:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
721:
717:
716:contour canal
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689:
679:
676:
672:
671:convict lease
668:
664:
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639:
633:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
597:
588:
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578:
574:
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562:In the 1830s
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545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
511:
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500:
497:
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482:split out of
481:
480:contour canal
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396:Turning basin
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45:
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33:
28:
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1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1196:
1187:
1176:. Retrieved
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1144:
1128:
1123:
1113:
1106:
1096:
1090:
1080:
1074:
1064:
1058:
1047:. Retrieved
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1032:
1021:. Retrieved
1007:
996:. Retrieved
991:
978:
968:
962:
952:
945:
934:. Retrieved
929:
919:
899:
877:
844:
817:. Retrieved
812:
779:. Retrieved
772:the original
767:
713:
685:
656:
634:
630:
602:
586:
561:
553:
512:
508:
459:White People
452:
445:and beyond.
424:
385:
372:
318:Chesterfield
278:Company type
239:
232:
229:Cleared 1745
223:
195:
193:
700:James River
603:During the
439:canal basin
305:Area served
187:James River
153:Start point
140:Date closed
116:Date of act
1220:Categories
1203:2017-01-29
1178:2017-01-29
1049:2017-01-23
1023:2017-01-25
998:2017-01-25
936:2017-01-25
819:2017-01-18
781:2015-08-25
743:References
657:After the
573:Petersburg
532:City Point
433:and stone
412:watermills
353:. In 1863
338:Key people
330:Cumberland
326:Buckingham
208:Petersburg
173:Branch(es)
1131:, (2008)
729:Eppington
607:, in the
564:Eppington
556:Eppington
550:Eppington
520:hogsheads
404:wing dams
388:Fall Line
183:Branch of
163:End point
148:Geography
70:Fall Line
54:boat beam
435:culverts
332:between.
66:17 Locks
52:Maximum
1081:Journal
698:on the
534:by the
516:barrels
514:20,000
501:of the
496:Granite
484:granite
422:locks.
410:. Four
394:to the
390:on the
342:In 1799
296:Defunct
288:Founded
220:History
216:years.
95:History
1139:, p. 4
1135:
907:
852:
524:staves
499:Arches
431:Arches
322:Amelia
282:Public
77:Status
1017:(PDF)
988:(PDF)
809:(PDF)
775:(PDF)
764:(PDF)
613:Union
420:stone
408:locks
63:Locks
1133:ISBN
905:ISBN
850:ISBN
702:and
528:lime
494:The
328:and
316:and
299:1890
291:1795
240:The
194:The
143:1890
135:1816
127:1809
119:1796
735:in
398:in
312:to
1222::
1195:.
1170:.
1041:.
990:.
928:.
887:^
864:^
828:^
811:.
790:^
766:.
751:^
739:.
623:.
579:.
466:.
324:,
320:,
1206:.
1181:.
1052:.
1026:.
1001:.
939:.
913:.
858:.
822:.
784:.
367:.
20:)
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