996:, the terms of the treaty drafted by the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were a step back compared to the terms offered to the Cossacks by Moscow four years ago. Instead of a de facto independent state under the protection of a foreign ruler, the Cossack state, now called the Duchy of Ruthenia, became a component of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, integrated into its administrative and territorial system. Its territory was divided into three voivodeships. The hetman had no right to diplomatic relations with foreign rulers. The Ukrainian Cossack army was reduced from 60 to 30 thousand. The Cossacks lost the right to elect the hetman, which now passed to the foreman. Moreover, the granting of nobility to a limited circle of Cossack elders deprived the common Cossacks of their own elite. Such conditions were significantly inferior to the proposed and largely implemented conditions of the
51:
1080:
875:
524:
1051:
702:
1095:"If it had been successfully implemented, the Commonwealth would finally have become a loose confederation of Poles, Lithuanians and Ruthenians. The missing Ukrainian buffer state would have come into being as the Commonwealth's eastern pillar. Russian expansion might have been checked and Poland spared the agonies of the Partitions or, perhaps just as likely, it might have struggled on longer as the '
1128:
ordinary
Cossacks. Rank-and-file Cossacks saw the Orthodox Tsardom of Russia as their natural ally and did not care for an alliance with the overwhelmingly-Catholic Commonwealth. Furthermore, Hadiach was too much a deal that merely benefited the elite of the Cossacks, the starshyna, who wanted to be recognized as equal to the Polish nobility. Thus, while some Cossacks, among them the hetman
1656:Под влиянием польской общественности и сильного диктата Ватикана сейм в мае 1659 г. принял Гадячский договор в более чем урезанном виде. Идея Княжества Руського вообще была уничтожена, равно как и положение о сохранении союза с Москвой. Отменялась и ликвидация унии, равно как и целый ряд других позитивных статей.
1612:Под влиянием польской общественности и сильного диктата Ватикана сейм в мае 1659 г. принял Гадячский договор в более чем урезанном виде. Идея Княжества Руського вообще была уничтожена, равно как и положение о сохранении союза с Москвой. Отменялась и ликвидация унии, равно как и целый ряд других позитивных статей.
1221:
of the proposed
Commonwealth was created. The planned convention in Hadiach was declared illegal by the Russians, who stationed close to 2,000 soldiers there to ensure that no meetings or demonstrations took place, and they blocked passage through nearby bridges. Despite the precautions, a mass and a
956:
Voivodeships. The highest legislative power belonged to the national assembly of deputies, who were elected from all lands of the principality. Executive power was exercised by the hetman, who was elected for life and approved by the king. The selection of candidates for hetman was to be carried out
967:
The
Ukrainian army was to consist of 30,000 Cossacks and 10,000 troops hired by the hetman. The troops of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were forbidden to stay on the territory of the principality. In the event of hostilities in Ukraine, the troops of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which
1436:
The list of points and humble requests that are submitted at his mercy by Serene Hetman of
Zaporizhian Host along with the whole Zaporizhian Host and Russian [Ruthenian] people to his royal mercy and the whole Rzecz Pospolita (ПЕРЕЛІК ПУНКТІВ І ПОКІРНИХ ПРОХАНЬ, ЯКІ ПОДАЄ ЙОГО МИЛІСТЬ
1127:
for its violations of the
Pereiaslav Agreement of 1654. The Treaty of Hadiach was, however, viewed by many Cossacks as "too little, too late", and they especially opposed the agreement to return the land property to the szlachta. After the 1648 revolt, the Commonwealth was very unpopular with
957:
jointly by all levels of
Ukrainian society — the Cossacks, the nobility, and the clergy. The hetman headed the armed forces of Ukraine. In the Grand Duchy of Ruthenia, the state positions of chancellor, marshal, sub-treasury and the highest judicial tribunal were established.
1107:
on 22 May 1659 but with an amended text. The idea of a
Ruthenian Duchy within the Commonwealth was completely abandoned. It was a Commonwealth attempt to regain influence over the Ukrainian territories, which had been lost after the series of Cossack uprisings (like the
1519:
W izbach dużo było narzekania na to, że nowy układ łamie unię lubelską (...) Ostatecznie nad tymi rozczeniami, jak i nad protestem nuncjusza oraz biskupów, sejm przeszedł do porządku dziennego. 12 maja, w dzień Wniebowstąpienia, król, prymas i senat zaprzysięgli
795:
on the territory of the Grand
Principality of Ruthenia was to be cancelled, announced the freedom of Eastern Orthodox and Catholic religions, to the Eastern Orthodox metropolitan bishop and 5 other bishops were granted permanent seats in common Senate of the
1139:. The Tsar felt threatened by the Treaty of Hadiach, which weakened his hold on Cossacks. The Russians saw the treaty as an act of war and, even before its ratification, sent an army into Ukraine. Although Polish-Lithuanian forces under
968:
were on its territory, came under the command of the hetman. The rights and privileges of
Cossacks were guaranteed. At the request of the hetman, one hundred Cossacks from each regiment were to be admitted to the nobility every year.
1042:. However, those events were much earlier than the signing of the Treaty of Hadiach. The Russian historian Tairova-Yakovleva regards the resistance of Polish society and papal pressure as the reasons for the failure in ratification.
936:
The concept of reconciliation between the
Cossack Hetmanate and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was based on the principle of the confederal system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth implemented at the Lublin Sejm in 1569.
989:. On the territory of the principality, it was planned to establish another Orthodox academy and secondary educational institutions — collegiums, as well as to fund the required number of primary schools and printing houses.
50:
944:, Ukraine as an independent state called the Grand Duchy of Ruthenia was to join the confederation on equal terms with Poland and Lithuania. The territory of the Grand Duchy of Ruthenia consisted of the
978:
was preserved, but could not spread to new territories. The Orthodox Metropolitan of Kyiv and five Orthodox bishops were to be given the right to sit in the common senate of the Commonwealth.
799:
Polish and Lithuanian armed forces had no rights to be on the territory of the Grand Principality of Ruthenia except for emergencies and in such case, they would be subordinated to the Hetman.
575:
564:
1151:
in 1660, the lack of other Commonwealth military successes, especially in Ukraine, further undermined Cossack support of the Commonwealth. Vyhovsky's early success at the
2241:
1824:
247:
184:
1155:
in June 1659 was not decisive enough and was followed by a series of defeats. The Russian garrisons in Ukraine continued to hold out; a Zaporozhian attack on the
788:
To the Cossack Estate were guaranteed the old rights and privileges and up to 100 Cossacks from each regiment on request of the Hetman to be ennobled by the King.
2226:
1610:Т.Г. Таирова-Яковлева, Иван Выговский // Единорогъ. Материалы по военной истории Восточной Европы эпохи Средних веков и Раннего Нового времени, вып.1, М., 2009:
1654:Т.Г. Таирова-Яковлева Иван Выговский // Единорогъ. Материалы по военной истории Восточной Европы эпохи Средних веков и Раннего Нового времени, вып.1, М., 2009:
1408:
179:
479:
1846:
476:
242:
1316:
1301:
1437:ЯСНОВЕЛЬМОЖНИЙ ГЕТЬМАН ВІЙСЬКА ЗАПОРОЗЬКОГО РАЗОМ З УСІМ ВІЙСЬКОМ ЗАПОРОЗЬКИМ І НАРОДОМ РУСЬКИМ ЙОГО КОРОЛІВСЬКІЙ МИЛОСТІ І ВСІЙ РІЧІ ПОСПОЛИТІЙ)
2231:
1817:
1054:
A 19th-century design for a coat of arms of a proposed Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth, which never came into being. It comprises the
834:
1711:
1174:, which tried to gain control of the disputed region and played all factions against one another. Meanwhile, the Commonwealth was weakened by
1685:
1197:
than would have been granted under the Treaty of Hadiach. By the late 18th century, Cossack political influence was almost destroyed by the
1781:
1119:
Hetman Vyhovsky supported the negotiations with the Commonwealth, especially after he suppressed a revolt led by the colonel of Poltava,
766:
In the duchy were to be restored law and courts as well as the administrative-territorial system of governing that existed prior to 1648.
2246:
1810:
1213:
in 1831, there was an attempt to recreate the Treaty of Hadiach to form a Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth to throw off the
1170:
Unable to continue the war, Vyhovsky resigned in October 1659 and retired to Poland. The situation was further complicated by the
745:, which along with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania would be part of one and indivisible "Rzeczpospolita" (
580:
2251:
1595:
1543:
1340:
1291:
1103:
In spite of considerable opposition by the Roman Catholic clergy, the Treaty of Hadiach was approved by Polish king and the
1775:
844:
722:
667:
319:
569:
1770:
1222:
celebration involving 15–20,000 people and over 200 priests (both Catholic and Orthodox) took place near Hadiach.
756:, elected for life from among four candidates that were chosen by all estates of Ukrainian society and confirmed by the
1944:
907:
560:
510:
1746:
1728:
1634:
1514:
1262:. The New Commonwealth, based on the Second Union of Horodło, was to be based on the three nations, and its proposed
56:
1667:
1190:
1136:
1004:
17:
1771:
The Question of Russo-Ukrainian Unity and Ukrainian Distinctiveness in Early Modern Ukrainian Thought and Culture
975:
2162:
1079:
1039:
753:
682:
671:
1753:
1502:
1914:
1899:
1167:. Finally, several pro-Russian colonels rebelled and accused Vyhovsky of "selling Ukraine out to the Poles".
360:
785:
There were to be restored a big landownership, serfdom and all obligatory duties that existed prior to 1648.
1989:
1904:
930:
929:
This decision, however, divided the Ukrainian Cossacks into pro-Russian and pro-Polish parties and led to
824:
Freedom of publishing as long as the published materials would not have personal attacks against the King.
2101:
612:
329:
304:
2157:
1797:
1012:
710:
104:
1765:
1193:. Ukrainian Cossacks fell under the Russian sphere of influence, with much fewer privileges under the
769:
The Grand Principality of Ruthenia shall not have rights to independent relations with other counties.
1703:
1175:
1088:
1065:
874:
1934:
1929:
1251:
1152:
964:
language. In Kyiv or in another city, it was supposed to create a mint for minting one's own coin.
926:
through the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth, a country of three nations.
779:
It was permitted to establish own printing institutions of money with an image of one common king.
2189:
2167:
2147:
2142:
2077:
1869:
1864:
1026:
The idea of a Ruthenian Duchy within the Commonwealth was completely abandoned in 1659 after the
986:
807:
523:
314:
258:
227:
782:
Number of own Armed Forces should be accounted for 60,000 of Cossacks and 10,000 of mercenaries.
2236:
2204:
2181:
2116:
1874:
1267:
1091:
has called it "one of the great 'What-ifs?' of Ukrainian and East European history". He notes:
1058:
992:
Generally speaking, the treaty was unsuccessful. From the point of view of the politics of the
855:, which the Catholic church refused to liquidate, but many Cossacks strongly opposed the idea.
503:
94:
1587:
949:
738:
1964:
1894:
1879:
1336:
1306:
953:
734:
2062:
1579:
713:
along with the whole Zaporizhian Host and Ruthenian people to his royal mercy and the whole
2106:
2057:
1974:
1793:
Rzeczpospolita Trojga, a nie Dwojga Narodów. Debata o zawarciu unii hadziackiej (in Polish)
1348:
1214:
1113:
1109:
997:
859:
690:
678:
586:
287:
174:
2194:
2023:
277:
8:
2028:
1859:
1716:
1622:
1279:
1031:
1027:
982:
817:
Nationwide it was permitted to establish colleges and gymnasiums with rights to teach in
803:
643:
635:
629:
395:
267:
144:
109:
1919:
1239:
2152:
2096:
1984:
1186:
1096:
1050:
1008:
961:
891:
726:
674:
651:
544:
390:
350:
282:
237:
79:
1909:
1132:
supported the Commonwealth, many opposed it, and Cossack unrest continued in Ukraine.
2126:
2088:
2018:
1956:
1884:
1742:
1724:
1630:
1591:
1580:
1565:
1539:
1510:
1490:
1449:
1379:
1210:
1194:
1179:
1144:
1140:
1124:
1072:
1020:
1016:
993:
971:
911:
863:
773:
496:
370:
324:
309:
299:
272:
222:
149:
134:
84:
34:
2111:
2067:
2052:
2013:
1969:
1924:
1854:
1802:
1344:
1231:
945:
742:
345:
2072:
2047:
1889:
1533:
1311:
1247:
1156:
1083:
Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth, or Commonwealth of Three Nations (1658)
883:
709:
The list of points and humble requests that are submitted at his mercy by Serene
620:
536:
527:
Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth as proposed by Treaty of Hadiach in 1658
484:
217:
164:
124:
89:
2039:
2008:
2000:
1979:
1734:
1198:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1120:
915:
792:
757:
714:
355:
169:
154:
129:
1791:
862:'s arrangements and thus renewed hostilities between the Commonwealth and the
2220:
2199:
1535:
The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999
1129:
941:
852:
848:
840:
705:
Oath of Polish king, John II Casimir, on the treaty of Hadiach, 10 June 1659.
604:
600:
593:
400:
385:
232:
212:
159:
119:
74:
1135:
The Commonwealth position was further weakened by a string of losses in the
1838:
1275:
1263:
1218:
981:
The agreement provided for the consolidation of the academic status of the
375:
139:
114:
99:
65:
1582:
The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558–1721
1435:
1230:
The idea of a Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth revived during the
1671:
1296:
919:
365:
202:
1409:"Unia hadziacka i marzenia o stworzeniu Rzeczpospolitej Trojga Narodów"
923:
839:) ratified the treaty with an amended text. The plan, as envisioned by
686:
608:
380:
1235:
1011:, which remained part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until its
1834:
1062:
597:
441:
811:
1255:
1243:
1112:) and growing influence of Russia over the Cossacks (like the 1654
1069:
1035:
763:
In the duchy were to be established local offices in Polish manner.
615:
and in fact transforming the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth into a
461:
207:
42:
1019:, which, together with Kyiv on the Right Bank, became part of the
701:
1509:(A History of Modern Poland. Second edition, Warsaw 1986, p.27).
1271:
1259:
1148:
903:
556:
466:
451:
446:
426:
1668:"Embassy of Ukraine in the South Africa Republic - Publications"
1055:
899:
590:
552:
471:
456:
436:
421:
416:
1786:
818:
431:
843:, would have ennobled some Cossacks, who would then run the
1104:
611:
to a position equal to that of Poland and Lithuania in the
1034:
believes that happened because of the divisions among the
559:(Hadziacz, Hadiacz, Гадяч) between representatives of the
1566:
The 1658 treaty of Hadiach (Гадяцький договір 1658 року)
1491:
The 1658 treaty of Hadiach (Гадяцький договір 1658 року)
1450:
The 1658 treaty of Hadiach (Гадяцький договір 1658 року)
878:
Republic of Three Nations according to the 1658 proposal
1185:
In the end, Russia was victorious, as seen in the 1667
851:
could not get enough Cossacks to agree to keeping the
814:
and a newly created college with status of university.
1645:
Robert Paul Magocsi "A History of Ukraine" pp.221-225
1335:
The Cossack negotiators had originally demanded that
1832:
1629:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp.221-225.
1163:allies to return home, and unrest broke out in the
974:believers were equal in rights with Catholics. The
940:According to the conditions proposed by the hetman
914:. Its main goal was to create an equal position of
27:1658 treaty between Poland–Lithuania and Cossacks
2218:
677:at various times, particularly during the 1648
607:). It was designed to elevate the Cossacks and
2242:Treaties of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1687:The Slavs in European History and Civilization
1818:
1292:The Ruin (Ukrainian history)#List of Treaties
1234:when a patriotic demonstration took place at
1178:. The treaty was mostly repeated in the 1660
504:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1204:
2227:1658 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1825:
1811:
1776:Jak Powstała Rzeczpospolita Trzech Narodów
1710:, New Haven: Yale University Press. 2000,
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1225:
511:
497:
1778:, Zbigniew Święch, Alma Mater (in Polish)
1690:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1045:
960:All paperwork was to be conducted in the
806:was to be granted the same rights as the
1741:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1733:
1723:, University of Washington Press, 1996,
1552:
1317:British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact
1302:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth
1143:dealt a defeat to Russian forces at the
1078:
1049:
985:and equalization of its rights with the
873:
700:
617:Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth
522:
1571:
14:
2219:
1538:. Yale University Press. p. 115.
1531:
1455:
776:religion shall hold a senatorial seat.
1806:
1577:
1443:
845:Grand Principality of Ruthenia (1658)
634:'Republic of Three Nations',
1403:
1401:
1399:
752:The duchy was to be governed by the
906:between the representatives of the
858:The plan meant an annulment of the
749:, or Commonwealth) in equal rights.
603:, the architect of the treaty, and
24:
1697:
25:
2263:
2247:Treaties of the Cossack Hetmanate
2232:Poland–Ukraine military relations
1759:
1708:The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation
1396:
833:In May 1659 the Polish Diet (the
802:Existence of 2 universities: the
576:Kazimieras Liudvikas Jevlaševskis
57:Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
1787:Commonwealth of Diverse Cultures
1191:Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1686)
670:was considered by the Ukrainian
49:
1678:
1660:
1648:
1639:
1616:
1604:
1525:
1007:, Ukraine was divided into the
902:signed on 16 September 1658 in
828:
555:signed on 16 September 1658 in
1532:Snyder, Timothy (2004-07-11).
1496:
1427:
1415:(in Polish). 16 September 2023
1372:
1363:
1354:
1329:
1238:in 1861. The so-called Second
908:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
754:Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host
723:Grand Principality of Ruthenia
565:Stanisław Kazimierz Bieniewski
561:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
13:
1:
1915:Franco-Polish Alliance (1524)
1782:Rzeczpospolita Trojga Narodów
1389:
1378:The official language of the
1123:, and severed relations with
661:
625:Rzeczpospolita Trojga Narodów
2252:The Ruin (Ukrainian history)
1137:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
1005:Russo–Polish War (1654–1667)
931:the Ruin (Ukrainian history)
585:representing Lithuania) and
7:
1285:
1242:was announced there by the
869:
656:Річ Посполита Трьох Народів
648:Рэч Паспалітая трох народаў
10:
2268:
733:) from the palatinates of
711:Hetman of Zaporizhian Host
2180:
2135:
2086:
2037:
1998:
1954:
1943:
1845:
1030:. The Canadian historian
895:
730:
685:in the mainly ethnically-
655:
647:
548:
1684:Dvornik, Francis (1962)
1578:Frost, Robert I (2000).
1507:Dzieje Polski nowożytnej
1322:
1252:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1209:In the aftermath of the
1205:Second Treaty of Hadiach
731:Велике Князівство Руське
696:
574:representing Poland and
2158:Preobrazhenskoye (1699)
1980:Niemieża / Vilna (1656)
1360:there were 16 regiments
1226:Second Union of Horodło
1217:. It was then that the
882:The Treaty of Hadiach (
808:Jagiellonian University
668:Grand Duchy of Ruthenia
613:Polish–Lithuanian union
305:Colonisation of Siberia
2205:Franco-Polish alliance
2182:Second Polish Republic
2153:Wehlau–Bromberg (1657)
1900:Brześć Kujawski (1435)
1568:. Ukrayinskyi istoryk.
1503:Władysław Konopczyński
1493:. Ukrayinskyi istoryk.
1452:. Ukrayinskyi istoryk.
1176:Lubomirski's rebellion
1101:
1084:
1076:
1046:History and importance
887:
879:
706:
640:Trijų Tautų Respublika
639:
624:
540:
528:
1337:Ruthenian Voivodeship
1307:Ruthenian Voivodeship
1093:
1082:
1053:
976:Greek Catholic Church
877:
704:
681:insurrection against
666:A way to establish a
526:
1990:Eternal Peace (1686)
1721:A History of Ukraine
1627:A History of Ukraine
1349:Podolian Voivodeship
1341:Volhynian Voivodship
1215:partitions of Poland
1114:Pereiaslav Agreement
1110:Khmelnytsky Uprising
998:Treaty of Pereiaslav
987:University of Kraków
860:Pereiaslav Agreement
691:Khmelnytsky Uprising
587:Zaporozhian Cossacks
315:Pugachev's Rebellion
195:Other Cossack groups
2117:Bila Tserkva (1651)
1965:Yam-Zapolsky (1582)
1717:Paul Robert Magocsi
1623:Paul Robert Magocsi
1586:. Longman. p.
1351:be included as well
1038:and because of the
1032:Paul Robert Magosci
983:Kyiv–Mohyla Academy
804:Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
396:Yermak Timofeyevich
268:Registered Cossacks
2163:Altranstädt (1706)
1766:Treaty of Hadiache
1739:Ukraine: A History
1187:Truce of Andrusovo
1159:forced Vyhovsky's
1097:Sick man of Europe
1085:
1077:
880:
707:
675:Bohdan Khmelnytsky
529:
391:Pavlo Skoropadskyi
351:Bohdan Khmelnytsky
330:Cossacks in the SS
2214:
2213:
2176:
2175:
2102:Pereyaslav (1630)
2058:Stuhmsdorf (1635)
1975:Polyanovka (1634)
1945:Polish–Lithuanian
1847:Kingdom of Poland
1597:978-0-582-06429-4
1545:978-0-300-10586-5
1380:Kingdom of Poland
1280:Archangel Michael
1278:of Ruthenia, the
1270:, the Lithuanian
1211:November Uprising
1180:Treaty of Chudnov
1153:Battle of Konotop
1145:Battle of Polonka
1141:Stefan Czarniecki
1125:Tsardom of Russia
1073:Archangel Michael
1021:Tsardom of Russia
1015:in 1793, and the
994:Cossack Hetmanate
912:Cossack Hetmanate
896:гадяцький договір
864:Tsardom of Russia
689:territories (see
633:
549:гадяцький договір
533:Treaty of Hadiach
521:
520:
371:Yemelyan Pugachev
361:Petro Sahaidachny
325:De-Cossackization
310:Bulavin Rebellion
16:(Redirected from
2259:
2063:Kėdainiai (1655)
2029:Karlowitz (1699)
1985:Andrusovo (1667)
1952:
1951:
1860:Merseburg (1033)
1827:
1820:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1794:
1752:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1670:. Archived from
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1358:
1352:
1345:Belz Voivodeship
1333:
1240:Union of Horodło
1232:January Uprising
1099:'" (p. 65).
1040:Russian invasion
1028:second Agreement
1013:Second Partition
897:
791:The 1596 Church
774:Eastern Orthodox
732:
721:Creation of the
657:
649:
628:
589:(represented by
584:
573:
550:
513:
506:
499:
346:Petro Doroshenko
338:Notable Cossacks
251:
188:
180:Irkutsk Cossacks
53:
30:
29:
21:
18:Union of Hadiach
2267:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2172:
2131:
2097:Kurukove (1625)
2082:
2033:
1994:
1946:
1939:
1875:Raciążek (1404)
1870:Namysłów (1348)
1841:
1831:
1792:
1762:
1754:excerpts online
1749:
1735:Subtelny, Orest
1700:
1698:Further reading
1695:
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1334:
1330:
1325:
1312:Lublin Triangle
1288:
1248:Congress Poland
1228:
1207:
1157:Crimean Khanate
1147:and recaptured
1066:Charging Knight
1048:
888:ugoda hadziacka
872:
831:
796:Rzeczpospolita.
772:Individuals of
699:
664:
578:
567:
541:ugoda hadziacka
517:
485:Cossack cuisine
477:Cossaks clothes
245:
243:Buryat Cossacks
182:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2265:
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2195:Suwałki (1920)
2192:
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2122:Hadiach (1658)
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2093:
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2084:
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2053:Altmark (1629)
2050:
2044:
2042:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2024:Żurawno (1676)
2021:
2019:Buchach (1672)
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
2001:Ottoman Empire
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:Deulino (1618)
1967:
1961:
1959:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1935:Stettin (1570)
1932:
1930:Vilnius (1561)
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1895:Łęczyca (1433)
1892:
1887:
1885:Lubowla (1412)
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1855:Bautzen (1018)
1851:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1839:peace treaties
1830:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1760:External links
1758:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1731:
1714:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1677:
1674:on 2011-04-30.
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1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1250:of the former
1227:
1224:
1206:
1203:
1199:Russian Empire
1172:Ottoman Empire
1165:Poltava region
1121:Martyn Pushkar
1087:The historian
1047:
1044:
871:
868:
830:
827:
826:
825:
822:
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800:
797:
793:Union of Brest
789:
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770:
767:
764:
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758:King of Poland
750:
715:Rzeczpospolita
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2168:Vienna (1738)
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2148:Vienna (1657)
2146:
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2141:
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2134:
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2127:Cudnów (1660)
2125:
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2112:Zboriv (1649)
2110:
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2107:Zamość (1648)
2105:
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2100:
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2078:Warsaw (1705)
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2068:Radnot (1656)
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2048:Mitawa (1622)
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Khotyn (1621)
2012:
2010:
2007:
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2002:
1997:
1991:
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1962:
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1928:
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1925:Pozvol (1557)
1923:
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1920:Kraków (1525)
1918:
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1901:
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1865:Kalisz (1343)
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1748:0-8020-5808-6
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1740:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1729:0-295-97580-6
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:review online
1709:
1705:
1704:Andrew Wilson
1702:
1701:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1657:
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1635:0-8020-0830-5
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1515:83-211-0730-3
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1463:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1433:Vyhovsky, I.
1430:
1414:
1413:Polskie Radio
1410:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1381:
1375:
1369:Catholisation
1366:
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1350:
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1300:
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1277:
1273:
1269:
1266:included the
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1133:
1131:
1130:Ivan Vyhovsky
1126:
1122:
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1111:
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1100:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1089:Andrew Wilson
1081:
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885:
876:
867:
865:
861:
856:
854:
853:Uniate Church
850:
849:Ivan Vyhovsky
846:
842:
841:Yuri Nemyrych
838:
837:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
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801:
798:
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787:
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631:
626:
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614:
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606:
605:Pavlo Teteria
602:
601:Yuri Nemyrych
599:
595:
594:Ivan Vyhovsky
592:
588:
582:
577:
571:
566:
562:
558:
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414:
413:
412:
409:Cossack terms
408:
407:
402:
401:Ivan Vyhovsky
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
386:Andrei Shkuro
384:
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66:Cossack hosts
64:
63:
59:
58:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2121:
2073:Oliwa (1660)
2009:Busza (1617)
1947:Commonwealth
1910:Ólafu (1474)
1905:Thorn (1466)
1890:Melno (1422)
1880:Thorn (1411)
1738:
1720:
1707:
1686:
1680:
1672:the original
1662:
1655:
1650:
1641:
1626:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1581:
1573:
1534:
1527:
1518:
1506:
1498:
1445:
1434:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1412:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1331:
1276:patron saint
1268:Polish eagle
1264:coat of arms
1229:
1219:coat of arms
1208:
1184:
1169:
1134:
1118:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1025:
1002:
991:
980:
970:
966:
959:
939:
935:
928:
881:
857:
835:
832:
829:Ratification
746:
708:
665:
616:
532:
530:
376:Stepan Razin
294:
55:
2200:Riga (1921)
2136:With others
1440:. Izbornik.
1419:19 November
1297:Intermarium
1059:White Eagle
920:Lithuanians
747:res publica
683:Polish rule
579: [
568: [
366:Ivan Mazepa
288:Khmelnytsky
246: [
183: [
175:Zaporozhian
2221:Categories
1390:References
1382:was Latin.
1274:, and the
1063:Lithuanian
1009:Right Bank
1003:After the
924:Ruthenians
662:Background
644:Belarusian
636:Lithuanian
609:Ruthenians
381:Ivan Sirko
145:Semirechye
1999:With the
1195:Hetmanate
1070:Ruthenian
1017:Left Bank
1000:in 1654.
962:Ruthenian
954:Chernihiv
892:Ukrainian
847:. Hetman
735:Chernihiv
727:Ukrainian
687:Ukrainian
652:Ukrainian
598:starshina
545:Ukrainian
442:Oseledets
320:Communism
300:Hetmanate
283:Nalyvaiko
273:Uprisings
203:Albazinan
95:Black Sea
80:Astrakhan
2089:Cossacks
1737:(1988).
1625:(1996).
1517: :
1505:(1936).
1286:See also
1256:Volhynia
1244:szlachta
1189:and the
1036:Cossacks
972:Orthodox
950:Bratslav
942:Vyhovsky
910:and the
898:) was a
870:Response
739:Bratslav
551:) was a
462:Stanitsa
278:Kosiński
223:Nekrasov
150:Siberian
135:Orenburg
105:Caucasus
43:Cossacks
35:a series
33:Part of
1957:Muscovy
1833:Polish
1798:YouTube
1272:Pahonia
1260:Podolia
1258:and of
1236:Horodło
1149:Vilnius
904:Hadiach
679:Cossack
632:
557:Hadiach
467:Shashka
452:Plastun
447:Papakhi
427:Kontusz
259:History
238:Turkish
228:Persian
208:Bashkir
2207:(1921)
2040:Sweden
1835:truces
1745:
1727:
1633:
1594:
1542:
1513:
1347:, and
1068:, and
1056:Polish
900:treaty
884:Polish
812:Kraków
672:hetman
621:Polish
591:Hetman
553:treaty
537:Polish
472:Szabla
457:Yesaul
437:Sotnia
422:Hetman
417:Ataman
218:Jewish
213:Danube
165:Ussuri
125:Greben
110:Danube
90:Baikal
2087:With
2038:With
1955:With
1520:ugodę
1323:Notes
1161:Tatar
916:Poles
819:Latin
697:Terms
583:]
572:]
432:Kurin
250:]
233:Tatar
187:]
170:Volga
155:Terek
130:Kuban
1837:and
1743:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1592:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1511:ISBN
1421:2023
1105:Sejm
952:and
946:Kyiv
922:and
836:Sejm
743:Kyiv
741:and
630:lit.
596:and
531:The
160:Ural
120:Free
85:Azov
75:Amur
1796:on
1254:of
1246:of
1116:).
810:of
693:).
658:).
140:Red
115:Don
100:Buh
2223::
1719:,
1706:,
1590:.
1588:13
1554:^
1457:^
1411:.
1398:^
1343:,
1339:,
1282:.
1201:.
1182:.
1061:,
1023:.
948:,
933:.
918:,
894::
890:,
886::
866:.
737:,
729::
717::
654::
650:,
646::
642:,
638::
627:,
623::
581:lt
570:pl
547::
543:;
539::
480:ru
248:ru
185:ru
37:on
1826:e
1819:t
1812:v
1751:.
1600:.
1548:.
1522:.
1423:.
1075:.
821:.
760:.
725:(
619:(
563:(
535:(
512:e
505:t
498:v
20:)
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