127:
162:(inability to form new memories). The patient is not unconscious, but sedated. During surgery or other medical procedures, the patient is under what is known as a "twilight state", where the patient is relaxed and "sleepy", able to follow simple directions by the doctor, and is responsive. Generally, twilight anesthesia causes the patient to forget the surgery and the time right after. It is used for a variety of surgical procedures and for various reasons. Just like regular
1419:
1429:
25:
117:
130:
129:
134:
133:
128:
322:. Twilight anesthesia alone is not used to provide relief from surgical pain; therefore, it is always given in conjunction with a local or regional anesthetic. Additionally, IV sedation is frequently administered as a concoction of several agents including those previously mentioned for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, as well as a
135:
132:
292:
is used under which type of medical procedures. Along with the factors determined, different types of anesthesia medications are used depending on the medical procedure being done. While the patient is under conscious sedation by anesthesia, depending on the type and dose administered, they are in a
178:
is used to control pain by using medicines that reversibly block nerve conduction near the site of administration, therefore, generating a loss of sensation at the area administered. Close monitoring by the anesthesia provider will sometimes be provided, to help keep the patient comfortable during a
362:
regimes which measure the quality of recovery period and health-related quality of life. Factors other than degree of analgesia and presence of analgesic agent-related side effects (e.g., fatigue, physical functioning, and mental health) may potentially influence these outcomes. Twilight anesthesia
375:
Twilight anesthesia is applied to various types of medical procedures and surgeries. It is a popular choice among surgeons and doctors who are performing anything from minor plastic surgeries to dental work, and procedures that do not require extensive operations or long durations in favor of less
301:
Some of the same drugs used in general anesthesia are also used for twilight anesthesia, except in smaller doses and in a bolus interval (a concentrated mass of a substance administered intravenously for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes). These drugs can be administered via gases, such as
258:, causes a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which the patient cannot be easily aroused, but responds purposefully following repeated or painful stimulation. Ventilatory functions may be impaired, so breathing tubes are required.
1323:
131:
166:, twilight anesthesia is designed to help a patient feel more comfortable and to minimize pain associated with the procedure being performed and to allow the medical practitioner to practice without interruptions.
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1359:
1170:
276:, causes a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which the patient cannot be aroused even by painful stimulation. Ventilatory function is often impaired and
1374:
1404:
1389:
35:
238:
of consciousness during which the patient responds purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied with light physical stimulation.
1051:
1354:
1399:
1006:
922:
751:
96:
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68:
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Twilight anesthesia is also known as twilight sleep and allows an easy awakening and a speedy recovery time for the patient.
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offers a limited recovery period after procedures, and is usually associated with less nausea and vomiting than
64:
1379:
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1221:
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which makes it a popular choice among doctors who are performing procedures such as minor plastic surgeries.
876:
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891:
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medical procedure, along with other drugs to help relax the body. It can also help control breathing,
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886:
43:
588:"Effects of temazepam premedication on cognitive recovery following alfentanil-propofol anaesthesia"
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210:, a drug-induced state in which the patient responds normally to verbal commands. Although the
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342:. As discussed in the levels of sedation by anesthesia, assistance with breathing tubes (
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Patient and doctor describing state of consciousness similar to "twilight anesthesia"
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A few studies have been geared towards studying the effects of post operative
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Several factors are taken into consideration when determining which level of
239:
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Bailie R, Christmas L, Price N, Restall J, Simpson P, Wesnes K (July 1989).
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are also used via the oral route) and a narcotic/systemic analgesic such as
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if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
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1360:
American
Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians
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technique where a mild dose of sedation is applied to induce
630:"Does regional anesthesia improve outcome? Facts and dreams"
585:
1324:
Helsinki
Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology
1171:
Effects of early-life exposures to anesthesia on the brain
1375:
428:
1405:
European
Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
350:) are not generally used for this type of anesthesia.
635:
Techniques in
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management
376:
nausea and a limited recovery period after surgery.
314:(pediatrics primarily, and infrequently in adults),
1390:
Australian and New
Zealand College of Anaesthetists
521:. Healthwise, Incorporated, & WebMD. 2008-02-04
628:
293:state that is called by some, a "twilight" state.
686:
194:There are four levels of sedation by anesthesia.
1445:
626:
627:Capdevila, Xavier; Choquet, O (October 2008).
546:Jcaho, Inc Joint Commission Resources (2001).
214:and coordination of the patient are impaired,
49:Please review the contents of the article and
672:
218:and ventilatory functions remain unaffected.
1052:Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
548:Anesthesia and Sedation: Illustrated Edition
296:
1355:American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
679:
665:
1400:International Anesthesia Research Society
1007:ASA physical status classification system
603:
752:Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia
125:
1385:Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists
541:
539:
537:
535:
1446:
1365:American Society of Anesthesiologists
660:
1370:Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care
532:
507:
18:
1395:Australian Society of Anaesthetists
1303:Physicians' assistant (anaesthesia)
1206:Postoperative residual curarization
562:"Twilight Anesthesia For Dentistry"
13:
1283:Operating department practitioners
554:
242:are not required for this type of
14:
1465:
1293:Certified anesthesia technologist
1201:Postoperative nausea and vomiting
716:Procedural sedation and analgesia
262:functions are usually sustained.
1427:
1418:
1417:
834:Transverse abdominis plane block
620:
115:
23:
1428:
1334:History of neuraxial anesthesia
1288:Certified anesthesia technician
1110:Double-lumen endobronchial tube
971:Blood–gas partition coefficient
804:Intravenous regional anesthesia
283:
246:. This is twilight anesthesia.
1380:Royal College of Anaesthetists
1339:History of tracheal intubation
986:Minimum alveolar concentration
923:Anesthesia provision in the US
579:
249:
51:add the appropriate references
1:
1329:History of general anesthesia
841:Total intravenous anaesthesia
789:Inferior alveolar nerve block
735:Continuous wound infiltration
550:. Joint Commission Resources.
519:Pain Management Health Center
500:
265:
892:Neuromuscular-blocking drugs
221:
197:
7:
1227:Critical emergency medicine
515:"Anesthesia-Topic Overview"
382:Ambulatory surgical centers
280:functions may be impaired.
228:moderate sedation/analgesia
169:
36:reliable medical references
10:
1470:
1273:Anesthesiologist assistant
1135:Relative analgesia machine
647:10.1053/j.trap.2008.09.001
353:
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1311:
1260:
1214:
1181:Local anesthetic toxicity
1148:
1080:
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963:
910:
849:
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297:Drugs and technology used
191:and rhythm, when needed.
42:or relies too heavily on
1196:Postanesthetic shivering
1062:Neuromuscular monitoring
953:Rapid sequence induction
882:Inhalational anesthetics
326:(usually midazolam, but
234:, causes a drug induced
1247:Oral sedation dentistry
1237:Intensive care medicine
1191:Perioperative mortality
1047:Guedel's classification
794:Intercostal nerve block
370:
256:deep sedation/analgesia
1298:Anaesthetic technician
1186:Malignant hyperthermia
140:
1120:Laryngeal mask airway
964:Scientific principles
933:Dogliotti's principle
809:Occipital nerve block
774:Brachial plexus block
310:, with drugs such as
138:
65:"Twilight anesthesia"
1166:Drug-induced amnesia
1161:Anesthesia awareness
1095:Anesthetic vaporizer
1072:Thyromental distance
976:Concentration effect
850:Pharmacologic agents
819:Pudendal nerve block
401:Emergency Physicians
16:Anesthetic technique
1090:Anaesthetic machine
948:Tracheal intubation
938:Intravenous therapy
877:General anesthetics
829:Sciatic nerve block
784:Femoral nerve block
779:Fascia iliaca block
757:Epidural anesthesia
723:Twilight anesthesia
605:10.1093/bja/63.1.68
306:(laughing gas), or
270:This level, called
254:This level, called
226:This level, called
202:This level, called
160:anterograde amnesia
144:Twilight anesthesia
1176:Emergence delirium
1156:Allergic reactions
1032:Entropy monitoring
814:Paracervical block
799:Interpleural block
762:Spinal anaesthesia
747:Neuraxial blockade
566:Arthur Glosman DDS
365:general anesthesia
273:general anesthesia
232:conscious sedation
154:(anxiety relief),
141:
1441:
1440:
1278:Nurse anesthetist
1105:Bronchial blocker
1100:Arterial catheter
991:Second gas effect
918:Airway management
887:Local anesthetics
824:Retrobulbar block
387:Cosmetic surgeons
136:
124:
123:
100:
1461:
1431:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1268:Anesthesiologist
1057:Mallampati score
1017:Bispectral index
857:Anticholinergics
681:
674:
667:
658:
657:
651:
650:
632:
624:
618:
617:
607:
583:
577:
576:
574:
573:
558:
552:
551:
543:
530:
529:
527:
526:
511:
471:Plastic surgeons
445:Ophthalmologists
419:Gastroenterology
415:General surgeons
204:minimal sedation
137:
119:
118:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
27:
26:
19:
1469:
1468:
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1444:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1409:
1343:
1307:
1256:
1210:
1144:
1076:
1022:Body mass index
995:
959:
906:
872:Benzodiazepines
845:
694:
685:
655:
654:
625:
621:
584:
580:
571:
569:
560:
559:
555:
544:
533:
524:
522:
513:
512:
508:
503:
498:
490:Rheumatologists
373:
356:
299:
286:
268:
252:
240:Breathing tubes
224:
200:
172:
126:
120:
116:
111:
105:
102:
59:
48:
44:primary sources
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1222:Cardiothoracic
1218:
1216:
1215:Subspecialties
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1130:Magill forceps
1127:
1125:Laryngeal tube
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1037:Fick principle
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:
994:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
967:
965:
961:
960:
958:
957:
956:
955:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
914:
912:
908:
907:
905:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
867:Butyrophenones
864:
859:
853:
851:
847:
846:
844:
843:
838:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
766:
765:
764:
759:
754:
744:
743:
742:
737:
727:
726:
725:
720:
719:
718:
702:
700:
696:
695:
692:anesthesiology
684:
683:
676:
669:
661:
653:
652:
619:
578:
553:
531:
505:
504:
502:
499:
497:
496:
491:
488:
483:
478:
477:/foot surgeons
472:
469:
464:
458:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
426:
421:
416:
413:
407:
402:
399:
397:Dermatologists
394:
389:
384:
378:
372:
369:
355:
352:
324:benzodiazepine
298:
295:
285:
282:
278:cardiovascular
267:
264:
260:Cardiovascular
251:
248:
223:
220:
216:cardiovascular
199:
196:
181:blood pressure
171:
168:
122:
121:
114:
112:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1466:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1434:
1426:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:Organizations
1346:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1252:Pain medicine
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:Complications
1147:
1141:
1140:Tracheal tube
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:Goldman index
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
966:
962:
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
913:
909:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
848:
842:
839:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
748:
745:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
731:
728:
724:
721:
717:
714:
713:
712:
709:
708:
707:
704:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
682:
677:
675:
670:
668:
663:
662:
659:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
623:
615:
611:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
582:
567:
563:
557:
549:
542:
540:
538:
536:
520:
516:
510:
506:
495:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
481:Psychiatrists
479:
476:
473:
470:
468:
467:Periodontists
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
451:
450:Oral surgeons
448:
446:
443:
441:
440:Neurosurgeons
438:
436:
433:
430:
427:
425:
424:Gynecologists
422:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
406:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
377:
368:
366:
361:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:flunitrazepam
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
308:intravenously
305:
304:nitrous oxide
294:
291:
281:
279:
275:
274:
263:
261:
257:
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245:
241:
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209:
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165:
161:
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113:
109:
106:February 2022
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
1115:Gas cylinder
1000:Measurements
943:Laryngoscopy
928:Bronchoscopy
722:
641:(4): 161–2.
638:
634:
622:
598:(1): 68–75.
595:
592:Br J Anaesth
591:
581:
570:. Retrieved
568:. 2015-02-02
565:
556:
547:
523:. Retrieved
518:
509:
486:Radiologists
435:Neurologists
405:Endodontists
374:
357:
300:
287:
284:Applications
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253:
231:
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79:
72:
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40:verification
33:
1319:ACE mixture
1261:Professions
1082:Instruments
1027:Capnography
981:Fink effect
862:Antiemetics
769:Nerve block
475:Podiatrists
250:Level three
34:needs more
1454:Anesthesia
1067:Pain scale
911:Techniques
688:Anesthesia
572:2015-02-12
525:2009-03-01
501:References
494:Urologists
455:Orthopedic
290:anesthesia
266:Level four
244:anesthesia
236:depression
208:anxiolysis
189:heart rate
185:blood flow
176:Anesthesia
164:anesthesia
152:anxiolysis
148:anesthetic
76:newspapers
1242:Obstetric
1232:Geriatric
902:Sedatives
461:Pediatric
360:analgesic
328:temazepam
320:midazolam
222:Level two
212:cognition
206:, causes
198:Level one
1448:Category
1423:Category
1012:Baricity
711:Sedation
463:dentists
457:surgeons
412:surgeons
392:Dentists
340:fentanyl
316:propofol
312:ketamine
170:Overview
156:hypnosis
1433:Outline
1312:History
897:Opioids
740:Topical
706:General
614:2569887
431:centers
354:Effects
336:demerol
90:scholar
55:removed
612:
318:, and
187:, and
158:, and
146:is an
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
730:Local
699:Types
97:JSTOR
83:books
690:and
610:PMID
371:Uses
69:news
38:for
643:doi
600:doi
429:MRI
410:ENT
348:LMA
346:or
344:ETT
338:or
330:or
230:or
1450::
639:12
637:.
633:.
608:.
596:63
594:.
590:.
564:.
534:^
517:.
183:,
57:.
680:e
673:t
666:v
649:.
645::
616:.
602::
575:.
528:.
108:)
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94:·
87:·
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47:.
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