Tweed Courthouse - Knowledge

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various persons for services." One particularly egregious example of these expenditures was a $ 350,000 bill for carpeting in the new courthouse; despite the high price of the contract, which would have paid for enough carpeting to cover the 9-acre (3.6 ha) City Hall Park three times, some offices remained without carpets several years later. In another case, a contractor was paid $ 133,180 for two days' work on the window frames, and to justify the per-pound cost of the material, he included excessively thick screws within the frames. Some $ 1.3 million was spent on the building's plaster in two years, and a set of three tables and forty chairs set the city back $ 179,729.60. The "Special Committee on the New Court House", created by the Board of Supervisors to address Ely's concerns, found no wrongdoing in the supervisors' actions. State Republican leader

828: 1172: 1037: 1220:. These plans elicited criticism from the public, and Beame created a special task force that April to investigate the feasibility of preserving the courthouse. The task force's draft report, published in June 1974, recommended destroying the courthouse; this aligned with Beame's past comments that the courthouse should be "replaced with a more functional structure". The report stated that the projected $ 12 million cost of a brand-new structure was $ 5 million more than a basic renovation of the Tweed Courthouse and $ 1.2 million more than a full renovation. The plan drew opposition from preservationists and from some politicians. The Tweed Courthouse was listed on the 712: 1301: 85: 6299: 5833: 759: 964: 865:. The windows in these rooms contain foliate decoration at the bottom and cartouches at the top, while the fireplaces consist of flat mantelpieces above colonnettes and pilasters. In addition, room 303 has an arched fireplace, ornamental brass fixtures, and oak doors. The third floor serves as the top floor for the two main staircase halls from the rotunda. There are four more stairs leading to the fourth floor from the secondary halls. Another mezzanine is located above the third floor and is similar to the mezzanine above the second floor. This staircase contains a Gothic-style balustrade. 1271:

began a complete restoration of the building. The firm carefully removed as much as 18 layers of paint to reveal the original brick walls and cast iron to recreate the original paint colors. The skylights and structure of the roof over the rotunda were replaced, marble and glass tiled floors were restored, and additional detail was carved into the capitals of the exterior columns at the portico where the sheared-away entrance steps were replaced. The original ventilation shafts embedded within the Tweed Courthouse's walls were refitted with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (

840: 746:, triangular pediments, and geometric banding; he also included large rectangular openings in the rotunda wall on the ground and second floors. Eidlitz used medieval-style brick and stone motifs including Norman arches and leaves, and he filled in Kellum's rectangular openings with brick arches topped by foliate capitals. Originally, the rotunda's outer walls contained niches with busts depicting former New York County justices. Eidlitz's design originally contained polychrome panels with floral decorations, which were painted gray at some point before the late 20th century. 5838: 853:

and ceilings. Like the ground floor, there is a main hall leading to the west and east, as well as north–south secondary halls closed off by doorways. The second floor contains four primary spaces, of which three are entered through double doors leading off the main corridor. The fourth room, 201–2, is on the southern side of the building. It contains a medievalist design with multicolored patterned tile floors; arcade walls with stone arches; a stone-paneled ceiling; and a set of oak double doors to the main hall, containing glass panels decorated with the

5620: 5591: 1195:. The grand steps leading to Chambers Street on the north side were removed to accommodate a widening of that street sometime in the mid-20th century, forcing workers and visitors to enter through the ground floor. Sources disagree on whether this happened in 1940, 1942, or 1955. Architectural writer Donald Reynolds wrote that the staircase's removal "left the building looking awkward without a proper front". After the City Court moved out of the courthouse by 1961, the building was occupied by several county offices and the 517: 815:

with marble tile floors. On the ground floor, several rooms have been rearranged, though the rotunda and stair halls are in their original layout. The rotunda floor is made of an iron frame set with marble and glass; cast-iron Corinthian columns support the balcony above it. The rest of the ground story contains a marble tile floor and plaster ceilings. There are multiple north–south secondary halls and a west–east main hall; the secondary halls' ceilings are shorter than that of the main hall. Doors made from

5644: 5632: 894:, and the county sheriff's office. Two commissioners were named for that task in November 1858. By early 1859, they had proposed a new budget of $ 1 million, saying the existing budget of $ 250,000 was insufficient. An amendment to the budget was declined, and the construction of the courthouse building was authorized by a resolution passed on May 3, 1859. The same year, Thomas Little submitted the first plans for what would become the courthouse building. 6805: 6825: 1288:, investigating the causes behind the high cost of the renovation, found that much of the cost was due to the opulence of the original design. For instance, the facade cost $ 13 million to restore, and the reproduction of the skylights, masonry, and doors cost another $ 3.2 million. Officials sought to restore the initial design as much as possible by requesting materials from the original manufacturers, which further increased costs. 6815: 6306: 5608: 5684: 1366:-sponsored Innovate Manhattan Charter School occupied the space during the 2011–2012 school year. An elementary school, the Peck Slip School, moved into the space after Innovate moved out. The Peck Slip School used the ground floor for three years until it moved to a new location in 2015. As of 2021, the NYCDOE operates the District 2 Pre-K Center at 52 Chambers Street within the building. 5656: 991:, a Tweed loyalist, to oversee the completion of the New York County Courthouse. Having been appropriated $ 600,000 by the state legislature, the commissioners challenged all outstanding construction bills. They also moved to replace the proposed dome with a slate roof, which would use tiles from one of Tweed's quarries. Each commissioner received a 20 percent 1012:

plasterers", a reference to the fact that Miller had been paid more than $ 350,000 in one month. Likewise, Garvey had been paid almost $ 3 million over two years. Nast's caricatures, meanwhile, were targeted toward Tweed's largely illiterate constituents. Tweed offered Nast $ 500,000 in an unsuccessful attempt to stop Nast from making more cartoons.

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replacement south porch. He was also commissioned to build a southern wing, which in Kellum's original plan was to measure 50 by 70 feet (15 by 21 m). Though Eidlitz's initial design for the southern wing was supposed to be similar to that of the main building, the real plans turned out to be much different. He redesigned Kellum's

739:, cast-iron and stone trim, and a brick cornice. Iron-balustraded balconies project into the rotunda from the second and third floors. A skylight is at the roof of the 85-foot-high (26 m) rotunda. The original stained-glass skylight from Henry E. Sharpe Son & Co. was removed in the 1940s; a replica was installed in 2001. 1275:) systems to maintain the appearance of the interior spaces. The front steps on Chambers Street were also restored. John G. Waite Associates also rebuilt some of the damaged decorative details, such as the capitals of the columns and pilasters, in their studio. The restoration was completed in December 2001. Following the 1350:

year. The city government spent $ 6.5 million on renovating the upper floors for the NYCDOE's use. By late 2002, the NYCDOE offices had been set up, but there were still discussions about whether to convert the ground floor for school use. The building continues to serve as the NYCDOE's headquarters as of 2023.

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official city landmarks in 1984; the designations prevented "alteration, reconstruction, demolition, or new construction" without the commission's approval. By 1986, after some repairs had been completed, there were 250 to 300 people working in the courthouse. The city government hired architectural firm

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The ring was disbanded in 1871 upon the arrest of Boss Tweed. This, coupled with the death of John Kellum that August, halted construction for five years. At the time, some $ 11 million had been expended on the courthouse, though its true value was estimated to be less than $ 3 million. The

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stated that much of the exterior was built, but the interior, except for the basement, had yet to be constructed. The reporter, who called the courthouse "bright and clean as a mirror", nevertheless expressed worry that the costs were rising and the schedule was being pushed back. The New York County

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On each side of the northern elevation, there is a flanking bay within the building's main section, as well as a wing that projects northward slightly. Each bay and each wing contains three windows, giving the northern elevation a total of fifteen window openings per story. Each of the windows on the

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and political appointee Thomas Little designed the first portion of the building, which was constructed from 1861 to 1872. Construction was interrupted in 1871 when Kellum died and the corruption involved in the building's construction was exposed to the public. The project was completed by architect

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commissioned another report, which found that the courthouse would need to be renovated at a cost of between $ 3 million for minimal repairs and $ 9 million for a complete restoration. Under the Koch administration, each room of the courthouse was restored individually and then retrofitted

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issued on several occasions throughout the construction process. Stock with a combined value of $ 4.55 million was issued six times, the first issued in 1862, and the last in 1871. The total cost of construction was estimated in 1914 at $ 11–12 million (equivalent to $ 299–326 million

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published several articles in July 1871, bringing attention to the exorbitant expenditures for materials in the courthouse, which had previously not been disclosed to the public. One article stated, "As G. S. Miller is the luckiest carpenter in the world, so Andrew J. Garvey is clearly the prince of

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The second floor contains the main entrance to the building from the Chambers Street staircase. Within the rotunda, there is a cast-iron ceiling, balustrade, and marble-and-glass floor. The stair halls are located behind archways just outside the rotunda; they contain marble floors and plaster walls

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The western and eastern elevations contain mirror-image designs, with three bays each containing three window openings on each floor, for a total width of nine window openings per story on both elevations. The central bay on each side is topped by a simpler triangular pediment than that found on the

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Several modifications were made to the Tweed Courthouse following its completion. By 1908, Montgomery Schuyler had written that Eidlitz's original rotunda colors had "been shorn of much of it pristine force, which was much promoted by the tri-colored brickwork" following the addition of gray paint.

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said, "You look up at its ceilings and find gaudy decorations; you wonder which is the greatest, the vulgarity or the corruptness of the place." Such was the reputation of the courthouse that in 1871, a poem entitled "The House That Tweed Built" was published, describing the courthouse's corruption

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The media criticized the project as wasteful and gaudy during the courthouse's construction, and for a century after its completion, there were frequent proposals to demolish the building. Several modifications were made after completion, including removal of its front steps. Modern restoration and

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in March 2002 preferred to stay in their existing headquarters in Brooklyn, while others said they would rather move to the newly renovated courthouse. In June 2002, Bloomberg said he wanted school officials to move into the building by that fall, coinciding with the beginning of the next academic

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The Tweed Courthouse was being used as municipal offices by the 1980s. The deterioration of the Tweed Courthouse made it an unfavorable workplace for many municipal employees, and, by 1981, only fifty people worked in the building. The LPC designated the Tweed Courthouse's exterior and interior as

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repaired the roof in the late 1970s. During the project, the iron roof was replaced with an asphalt roof, and the skylight's wood supports were replaced with cast-iron supports. The conservancy also repainted the interior, though the dilapidated exterior remained untouched, sporting a yellow paint

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Shortly afterward, in 1911 and 1913, elevators were added to the building, and steel-and-iron elevator machinery rooms were built atop the roof. The roof itself was replaced with an iron roof in the early 20th century. In 1927, the County Court moved from the Tweed Courthouse to the recently built

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The first explicit reference to the new building as a courthouse was in a resolution passed by the New York County Board of Supervisors in March 1860. A law called "An Act to Enable the Supervisors of the County of New York to Acquire and Take Land for the Building of a Court House in Said County"

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Rooms generally contained lime mortar, which provided soundproofing. The cast-iron beams of the superstructure were embedded in the walls so the rooms did not have any obstructions. Many rooms were accessed by wooden doors within cast-iron frames. Kellum also designed the western and eastern wings

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on June 23, 1980. The LPC designated the building's exterior and interior as city landmarks in 1984. In its report about the Tweed Courthouse, the commission called the building "one of the city's grandest and most important civic monuments". The Tweed Courthouse is also within the African Burial

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The corruption associated with the Tweed Courthouse was so potent that, when space for municipal functions became scarce in the late 19th century, mayoral administrations were reluctant to destroy the building, even as they also proposed demolition for the much-admired City Hall. One such scheme,

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described how the addition was "grafted" onto the original building: "Of course no attention was paid to the design of the existing building and within and without a rank Romanesque runs cheek by jowl with the old Italian, one bald, the other florid; cream-colored brick and buff sandstone come in

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interiors with rich polychrome effects in Romanesque Revival style, and added ornamental and architectural detailing (such as arches and foliate detail) to integrate the new wing's design with the rest of the courthouse. The expanded design provided thirty monumental courtrooms around the central

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Eidlitz was commissioned to complete an expanded design in 1876. By this point, much of the courthouse was already occupied and in use by several courts and city governmental departments. Eidlitz was to finish the north porch facing Chambers Street; complete the main hall and rotunda; and build a

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building built to the west of the Rotunda in 1852. Furthermore, several courthouses in the area had been destroyed in an 1854 fire. A bill was passed in 1858 that provided for the construction of a new structure north of City Hall, in its rear. This would house several New York County courts, the

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The third floor is similar to the ground and second floors, except that the rotunda floor is made of marble tile. The rotunda contains red, tan, and black brick patterns at the third floor, which were painted over in 1908. Particularly elaborate in design are rooms 308 and 316, which contain tall

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style. The addition by Eidlitz extends 48 feet (15 m) southward toward City Hall. Kellum had designed a portico for the southern wing, similar to that on the northern entrance, but it was left out of Eidlitz's revised plan due to budgetary constraints. Eidlitz was not concerned about using a

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Afterward, the city began planning for the full renovation of the Tweed Courthouse. The initial cost projection was $ 39 million, but, following the discovery of further damage, the construction cost rose to $ 59 million, then to $ 89 million. In May 1999, John G. Waite Associates

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The main entrance of the Tweed Courthouse is located on Chambers Street, on the building's northern elevation. It is composed of a portico with four Corinthian columns, which covers a three-window-wide central bay. Large Italianate wooden doors are located on the second floor of the central bay,

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on each of the contracts. Supervisor Smith Ely Jr. made the first allegation of corruption in the courthouse's construction in 1866. Ely claimed that "grossly extravagant and improper expenditures have been made in reference to the purchase of iron, marble and brick, and in the payment of

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The fourth floor contains a similar T-shaped plan to the floors underneath it. Like the floors below, it contains marble floors, plaster walls and ceilings, and corner stairs leading from the third floor. Stairs extend upward to the attic. The attic contains a floor made of concrete and wood. A

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Standing in the rotunda of the courthouse one day, when his own vari-colored brick arches and columns had been inserted between the cast-iron panels of the older work, he said, "Is it possible for anybody to fail to see that this," pointing to the new work, "performs a function and that that,"

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The four floors leading from the rotunda share a similar floor plan, with staircases or light wells on the interior, and the former courtrooms (now offices) along the exterior. The spaces to the west and east of the rotunda are symmetrical. The ground-floor plan has had several modifications,

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architects found severe deterioration in the Chambers Street portico and at five places in the cornice, necessitating the temporary closure of the Chambers Street entrance. The elevator cabs, which were unenclosed and posed a fire hazard, were retrofitted with plate glass walls and automated

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Between 1911 and 1913, a pair of elevators was added on the southwestern side of the building. The elevator cabs were initially not enclosed, consisting of only open cages. This meant patrons could touch the walls of the elevator shaft while the cab was in motion. In 1992, the elevators were

572:, which was being used for other sub-national government buildings at the time of the Tweed Courthouse's construction. The most prominent element from the Capitol used in the Tweed Courthouse was a large entry stairway that approached a triangular portico, supported by massive columns in the 766:

Directly adjacent to the western and eastern sides of the rotunda, there are two cast iron staircases in open wells, connecting the first, second, and third floors. The staircases, designed as mirror images of each other, were each laid out so one wide stairway leads upward to a

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northern side. The ground-floor wooden doors, set within the central opening on each elevation, are more simply detailed than the second-floor main entry portico. The southern elevation is similar to the northern elevation, except for its central wing, which was completed later.

625:. The portico is approached by a reproduction of the building's original large granite stairway which was removed to accommodate a widening of that street in the mid-20th century, but restored in 2002, when the portion of Chambers Street in front of the courthouse was narrowed. 1338:(NYCDOE) into the building to highlight his administration's focus on education. At the time, the building was unused, and its electricity bills and security fees were costing the city government $ 20,000 per month. Most of the building would contain the NYCDOE's offices in an 928:"had charge of the books, and declined to show them". The chief portion of this theft came from the extremely slow pace of construction on the new courthouse. The historian Alexander Callow later called the courthouse corruption "a classic in the annals of American graft". 1353:

The ground floor was used as an "incubator" for new schools. The first of these was City Hall Academy in 2003, which gave two-week "residencies" to third- and seventh-grade students. City Hall Academy moved out of the space in 2006. It was then used by charter school

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to the west. The structure measures 258 by 149 feet (79 by 45 m), the longer side being located on the west–east axis. The portion of the park outside the courthouse building contains shaded walkways and lawns. Across Chambers Street, the Tweed Courthouse faces

857:. Room 201–2's other features include four decorative round granite columns, several brown stone columns, a stone fireplace, and iron radiators under each window. There is also a mezzanine above the second floor with marble floors and plaster walls and ceilings. 1163:

refused to cede any space within the newer courthouse. The Tweed Courthouse was seen as outdated by the 1950s, and the city government filed plans in 1955 to demolish the courthouse as part of the restoration of City Hall Park. It was not until the 1950s, when

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related to the construction process. Tweed, considered one of the most corrupt politicians in United States history, was assisted by a ring of political allies, who as a whole embezzled up to $ 300 million (about $ 8 billion in 2023). The author

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The perception of the Tweed Courthouse as a symbol of wasteful spending persisted until the late 20th century, and there were also several attempts to demolish the courthouse throughout most of its first century of existence. In 1938, mayor

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The Tweed Courthouse includes a central section, two wings on the western and eastern ends, and an annex on its southern portion. It is four and a half stories tall. The floor count includes a half-story attic, but not the building's two

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A long-term $ 6.3 million renovation began in 1990, with an expected completion date of 1994. At the time, the city was planning to restore the remainder of the Tweed Courthouse for $ 21 million. During the project,

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described the courthouse in an unbiased perspective: "The court-rooms are large, airy, unobstructed by columns, made with reference to the principles of acoustics, and finished in an agreeable and pleasing manner."

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credit by virtue of his membership on the Board of Supervisors. He submitted plans for the Tweed Courthouse in 1859; documents and testimony indicate that Little was likely the first architect of the courthouse.

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controllers. After workers discovered old skeletal remains under the courthouse, work on the elevators was temporarily halted while city officials investigated whether the bones were historically significant.

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in 1851 and became part of the New York County Board of Supervisors in 1857. It was in this capacity that he was able to oversee the construction of the New York County Courthouse and earn millions through

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and Thomas Little were responsible for the courthouse's initial design. Kellum was hired for the Tweed Courthouse project in August 1861 and died exactly ten years later. While his obituary in

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said his involvement in the Tweed Courthouse negated the merits of anything else he had designed. Thomas Little, a political appointee of the New York City Board of Supervisors, was given

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In the first four years of construction, the supervisors were able to harvest $ 3 million from the project (equivalent to $ 80 million in 2023) by taking 65 percent of the

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In the years following its completion, the Tweed Courthouse was associated with the crimes of William Tweed, and many critics and newspapers viewed it negatively. For instance, reformer

6754: 3411: 6759: 6662: 2536: 783:-style design used by Kellum. The topmost flights were formerly illuminated by glass-in-cement skylights. The staircases' cast-iron handrails were painted with a wood-grained finish. 474:. The roof was replaced three times: first with iron in the early 20th century, then with asphalt in 1978 or 1979, and finally with a stainless steel-over-rubber surface in 2001. The 4668: 688:

style that was different from the original design. He had been inspired partially by medieval cathedrals, which often took several centuries to build and, thus, used several styles.

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derided. On the northern elevation, the windows of each wing are more elaborately decorated. The window openings on the second and third floors contain double-hung sash windows with

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The two original wings, designed by Kellum, were arranged in an Ɪ shape. The wings measured 250 feet (76 m) wide along Chambers Street and 150 feet (46 m) deep. The entry

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The Tweed Courthouse is the second-oldest municipal government building in Manhattan, after New York City Hall. During the 17th century, the site had been occupied by the city's

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The rotunda mostly contains elements from Eidlitz's designs, but a few vestiges of Kellum's original style remain. Kellum used classical cast iron and plaster elements such as

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levels, which are considered to be intermediate staircase landings. The first floor is at ground level but was formerly known as the basement. The structure lies atop a low

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and were formerly illuminated by skylights, later covered by the asphalt roof. The ornate staircase at the southwest corner was replaced with a plain steel staircase when

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reported that marble for the restoration came from Tweed's quarry in Massachusetts. Old stone already on the building was reused for other elements of the facade.

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three-story octagonal rotunda. Eidlitz's design incorporated a polygonal skylight in the rotunda, a significant deviation from Kellum's original plans for a dome.

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used the location as a grazing site for animals. In 1686 the courthouse site was acquired by the English authorities as a punishment location for prisoners and an

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The Tweed Courthouse was officially finished in 1881, more than 20 years after work began. Much of the construction was financed through the sale of public

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The Tweed Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 under the name "Old New York County Courthouse". The courthouse was named a

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criticized the new wing's design, calling it "cheap and tawdry in comparison with the elaborate finishing and classic exterior of the present structure". The

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The exterior of the southern wing measures three windows wide on the east–west axis and three windows deep on the north–south axis. The elevation is made of

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and city governments when the courthouse was built – oversaw the building's erection. The Tweed Courthouse served as a judicial building for

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juxtaposition to white marble." According to one biography of Eidlitz, he could not understand the reason behind the controversy surrounding his design:

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The interior of the courthouse converges around an octagonal rotunda measuring 53 feet (16 m) across. The space is surrounded by a brick wall with

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which then splits into two smaller stairways to the rotunda of the floor above it. The railings of these stairs have ornately designed four-sided iron

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walls and automated operation systems. At the time, these elevators were the last manually operated elevators in a New York City government building.

7438: 7172: 5721: 5762: 4613: 3164:"The Fraudulent Tax Levy; A Report from the Council of Reform – How the Swindles of the Ring Are to Be Covered Up. The Peace Jubilee – Post Festum" 4029: 910:, also known by his nickname "Boss", was among the most powerful politicians in Manhattan. The son of a chair manufacturer, he was elected to the 7423: 7418: 7413: 6788: 5476: 5460: 5341: 5112: 4904: 513:(LPC) said Eidlitz's style departs from Kellum's classicism with "an American version of organic architecture expressed through medieval forms". 510: 66: 4574: 116: 7443: 3959: 3395: 1448: 7403: 7398: 6139: 4166: 2520: 1326:

wrote that the museum had "enjoyed favor in Giuliani's administration" and that politicians who represented East Harlem, such as councilman

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in October 1974, which made the courthouse eligible for federal funds, but did not yet protect the structure from demolition. Following the

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was passed on April 10 of the same year. Late in 1861, the land was appraised at $ 450,000 (equivalent to $ 11,987,000 in 2023).

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in the Corinthian style surrounds the top of the Tweed Courthouse's northern, western, and eastern elevations and remains mostly intact.

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proposed in 1893, would have replaced all other buildings in City Hall Park with a new municipal building surrounding the courthouse.

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The third and fourth floors are connected by four staircases, one at each corner of the main structure. Three of the stairs contain

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Waite, John G.; Rankin, Nancy A. (2004). "Tweed Courthouse: New Approach to Life-Safety Management in a Landmark Public Building".

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New York Illustrated – A Pictorial Delineation of Street Scenes, Buildings, River Views and Other Features of the Great Metropolis

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and elaborate steel lighting fixtures on the ceilings and walls. The ceilings in many of the rooms are 28 feet (8.5 m) tall.

6273: 6044: 5060: 434: 505:, who was hired to finish the courthouse in 1876, added the building's south wing and domed rotunda in a similar design to the 1024:. Tweed, his reputation having become disgraced, fled the city to avoid prosecution; he was ultimately captured, dying in the 881:

With the city's rapid rate of growth in the 1850s, several new structures were built or planned around City Hall, including a

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The structure comprises pavilions to the east and west of a central section, as well as a rear wing to the south. Architect

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After the Tweed Charter to reorganize the city's government was passed in 1870, four commissioners were appointed by mayor

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wrote about the building, that writers started to argue in favor of the Tweed Courthouse for its historical significance.

1159:, which occupied the Tweed Courthouse at the time, would move into the recently built New York County Courthouse, but the 509:. The Romanesque style and his extensive use of brick and stone contrasted with Kellum's intricate cast-iron design. The 7073: 7055: 6014: 5958: 5672: 3707:"Better Buildings Urged for Courts; 'Squalid, Dreary, Dirty, Noisy, Crowded' Conditions Cited in Bar Association Reports" 1241:

job with black-and-orange stains on the marble. At the time, the building housed the office of the city's ombudsman, the

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in 2023). Of this, $ 8 million was a direct cost "on the books" and the remainder was adjusted claims and county

645:

below it. When the building was constructed in the 1870s, there were striped awnings above each window, a detail that

7027: 5948: 5584: 5415: 2890:"The New County Court-House; Progress of the Work – Observations Behind the Fence – An Hour Among Marble and Masonry" 1478: 346: 4437:

Janison, Dan (March 20, 2002). "Museum Loses at City's Musical Chairs / Rivalries Punctuate Tweed Courthouse Plan".

1245:, and the Mayor's Printing Press. The courthouse was also used for events such as a theatrical performance in 1979. 1151:

studied the feasibility of destroying the Tweed Courthouse after a suggestion from New York City parks commissioner

7408: 7087: 5772: 5707: 1998: 1242: 1225: 1076: 779:. Rectangular panels with circles at their centers are located on the underside of each flight of stairs and are a 5267:

Annual Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society to the Legislature of the State of New York

7177: 6986: 6854: 6024: 2760: 980:

alleged that more money was being spent on the New York County Courthouse's furnishings alone than on the entire

911: 719:

The interior of the Tweed Courthouse contains several opulent features, the most prominent of which is a central

5837: 3455: 7340: 7187: 7182: 7009: 6886: 5984: 5908: 5690: 1313: 1237: 407: 5832: 7167: 5312:

Miller's New York as it is, or Stranger's guide-book to the cities of New York, Brooklyn, and adjacent places

3743:"City Filing Plans For Court Edifice; $ 13,000,000 Project Means Beginning of End for Old 'Tweed Courthouse'" 3670:"Demolition Begun at Old Post Office; La Guardla and McGoldrick Wield Crowbars at Ceremony Attended by 1,000" 1320:

to the newly renovated Tweed Courthouse, a move for which his administration was criticized. Local newspaper

873:

and other structures supporting the roof, as well as the rotunda's skylight, are also located in the attic.

7287: 6981: 5913: 5782: 1217: 981: 399: 337:'s headquarters on its upper floors and schools on its ground level. The Tweed Courthouse is listed on the 298: 7203: 6205: 6167: 6070: 6019: 5777: 3893: 450: 374: 258: 6214: 3332: 3163: 3127: 1171: 1079:. Other estimates placed the construction cost at $ 13 million (about $ 353 million in 2023). 7238: 6847: 5807: 5797: 5598: 5552: 3853: 3778: 3742: 3706: 3669: 3346: 3233: 3079: 3014: 2978: 2889: 2833: 2709: 2029: 1375: 1181: 960:

said "many holes both in the floor and roof are visible in which to bury the money of the tax-payers."

699:

banding. Pilasters separate the window openings on the third and fourth floors. There are also foliate

605: 546: 342: 48: 553:. According to an LPC report in 1984, no documentation regarding the use of other quarries was found. 478:

characterizes the building as containing "some of the finest mid-19th century interiors in New York".

406:

ramp are across Centre Street. Several buildings face the Tweed Courthouse on Broadway, including the

7463: 6172: 5994: 5802: 1185: 1046: 972: 395: 378: 302: 294: 1216:

proposed demolishing Tweed Courthouse in March 1974 in conjunction with a restoration of the nearby

6187: 5375: 1437: 936: 924:

wrote that the collective's "methods were curiously simple and primitive", in that city controller

780: 534: 467: 5427:

The Architecture of New York City: Histories and Views of Important Structures, Sites, and Symbols

5262: 3441: 2717: 5999: 5730: 5557: 3830: 2165: 1300: 561: 358: 270: 262: 5177:

Boss Tweed : the rise and fall of the corrupt pol who conceived the soul of modern New York

4199: 441:

era still exist beneath the courthouse. Other government buildings would be built, including an

7350: 7037: 6268: 6059: 2173: 1228:, the city could no longer afford to demolish the courthouse, much less build a new structure. 1160: 1148: 948:

Court of Appeals moved to the building in March 1867, despite it being largely incomplete. The

720: 506: 5384: 5037: 4829: 3854:"About New York; Time Runs Short for Tweed's $ 12,000,000 Starling Roost, Abode of City Court" 1961: 1378:

two years later, due to its associations with William Tweed's legacy, and it was added to the

1253:

in 1989 to prepare a feasibility study for the courthouse, which was completed the next year.

7004: 6283: 6263: 5213: 5205: 4764: 4450: 4298: 4231: 1196: 1036: 1017: 854: 736: 711: 565: 330: 5340: 3053: 2357: 1688: 7345: 7319: 7233: 6182: 6162: 6145: 6120: 6004: 5938: 5648: 5636: 5353: 3561:

The House That Tweed Built : Dedicated to Every True Reformer (Republican or Democrat)

1969: 1276: 839: 415: 382: 5490:. Vol. 1. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press – via Internet Archive. 4356: 8: 7292: 6009: 5612: 3492: 1444: 1355: 1284: 1165: 1156: 925: 723:. There are over one hundred rooms in the building. Many of the spaces contain cast-iron 6839: 5590: 4318:"Neighborhood Report: Lower Manhattan; Refurbishing a Courthouse, If Not Its Reputation" 3889: 7223: 7101: 6952: 5963: 5943: 5792: 5767: 5497: 5276: 5175: 2225: 1785: 1025: 992: 940: 684: 647: 589: 486: 419: 370: 310: 274: 84: 758: 178: 7248: 7228: 6824: 5928: 5896: 5876: 5561: 5533: 5514: 5504: 5440: 5430: 5411: 5390: 5357: 5327: 5310: 5297: 5287: 5250: 5236: 5226: 5192: 5182: 5143: 5068: 4837: 4772: 4733: 4660: 4621: 4582: 4543: 4442: 4402: 4364: 4325: 4260: 4174: 4141: 4105: 4071: 4037: 4000: 3967: 3933: 3864: 3789: 3753: 3717: 3680: 3639: 3632:"Streetscapes: The Tweed Courthouse; Restoration for a Despised, But Hardy, Landmark" 3403: 3357: 3244: 3174: 3138: 3090: 3025: 2989: 2900: 2844: 2586: 2528: 2040: 1790: 1331: 1125: 952:

was not yet installed, the main iron staircase reached only to the second floor, and

496: 438: 286: 2166:"Marble in (And Around) the City Its Origins and Use in Historic New York Buildings" 1383:

Ground and the Commons Historic District, a city landmark district created in 1993.

7376: 7107: 6249: 6177: 5891: 5861: 5326:. American Journalism : 1690-1940, Volumes 5 and 6. Routledge/Thoemmes Press. 4803: 3437: 3328: 2713: 2217: 907: 573: 569: 449:, a military jail called the Bridewell, and a second almshouse. The now-demolished 290: 278: 7113: 5469: 5453: 5105: 3559: 7370: 6086: 6054: 5933: 5903: 5866: 5527: 5405: 5321: 1359: 1028:

in 1878. Nonetheless, the New York County Courthouse soon was named after Tweed.

1021: 977: 963: 787: 637:

railings, which are set within a marble surround. Each window opening contains a

549:

stone at the basement level. Behind the granite and marble cladding is the brick

542: 502: 403: 322: 165: 4454: 4302: 4235: 2741: 7137: 7119: 7095: 6049: 5918: 5757: 5660: 5345: 4504: 2746: 1363: 550: 366: 4030:"Beame Group's Proposal to Raze Tweed Courthouse Is Expected to Evoke Dissent" 3829:. New York City Department of Citywide Administrative Services. Archived from 931:

Construction started on the courthouse on September 16, 1861, though the

7429:

Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan

7392: 7065: 6947: 5743: 5147: 5072: 4841: 4776: 4737: 4664: 4625: 4586: 4547: 4446: 4406: 4368: 4329: 4264: 4178: 4145: 4109: 4075: 4041: 4004: 3971: 3937: 3868: 3793: 3757: 3721: 3684: 3643: 3407: 3361: 3323:"Correspondence: A New Apartment-House – The Buildings in City-Hall Square". 3248: 3178: 3142: 3094: 3029: 2993: 2904: 2848: 2590: 2532: 2044: 1794: 1309: 1213: 988: 870: 862: 430: 131: 118: 5518: 5444: 5301: 5196: 4958:"Peck Slip School parents & pols press city to find more space at Tweed" 4474: 3487: 1408:

National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan below 14th Street

1345:

NYCDOE employees had mixed views of the plan; some employees interviewed by

7335: 7125: 6091: 6065: 5886: 5881: 5547: 5240: 5014: 4928:"Despite New School, Beloved Downtown Pre-K Programs Remain in Huge Demand" 2208: 1572: 1192: 1175:

The condition of the main facade in 1979, showing absence of the main steps

1152: 921: 916: 655:

made of wood. The ground-floor windows are simpler two-by-two windows with

634: 622: 541:

rises three and a half stories from a low granite curb. Panels of granite,

387: 325:, who added the rear wing and finished the interior between 1877 and 1881. 282: 2358:

New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, Dolkart & Postal 2009

1689:

New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, Dolkart & Postal 2009

596:

running along the roof. The courthouse's original design included an iron

6244: 5979: 5871: 5323:

A History of Newspapers in the United States Through 250 Years, 1690–1940

1610:

New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications

1398:

List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street

1317: 1000: 932: 803: 700: 660: 642: 481: 426: 391: 317: 309:. It is the second-oldest city government building in the borough, after 161: 7469:

Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City

5035: 4473:

Saltonstall, David; Gendar, Alison; Wasserman, Joanne (March 19, 2002).

7131: 3457:

Laws of the State of New York Passed at the Sessions of the Legislature

3434:

Laws of the State of New York Passed at the Sessions of the Legislature

2706:

Laws of the State of New York Passed at the Sessions of the Legislature

2229: 891: 887: 882: 683:

Eidlitz designed the four-story southern wing of the courthouse in the

656: 630: 254: 2579:"Postings: Tweed Courthouse Elevators; Glass Sheathing For Open Cages" 1506: 1504: 7143: 7019: 6973: 5953: 5739: 4873: 4614:"Metro Briefing – New York: Manhattan: Refurbishing Tweed Courthouse" 1339: 1327: 768: 724: 601: 463: 442: 411: 362: 306: 266: 103: 5484:

Schuyler, Montgomery (1961) . Jordy, William H.; Coe, Ralph (eds.).

5389:. Historical Studies of Urban America. University of Chicago Press. 3926:"The Tweed Courthouse: From Venality To Disrepair to Rehabilitation" 2221: 1516:

New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation

6996: 5283: 4230:. Vol. 23, no. 2. February 2006. pp. 102, 104, 106. 1501: 795: 791: 776: 743: 609: 593: 585: 581: 577: 556:

The main wing was designed by Kellum in the style of a Renaissance

516: 4897:"'Innovative' Charter School Coming to Tweed Courthouse This Fall" 1129:"in an amusing satirical tone". The following year, the guidebook 3080:"Local Intelligence; New County Court-House. Address of Mr. Cram" 1334:

canceled these plans in March 2002, instead choosing to move the

1322: 1232: 816: 696: 638: 557: 530: 471: 6305: 7047: 5699: 995:

from the bills for the supplies. Few media outlets, except for

953: 949: 692: 652: 629:

northern elevation contains their original pilasters, centered

538: 453:

art gallery was directly to the east of the courthouse's site.

446: 5607: 4575:"Mayor Wants School Officials in Tweed Courthouse by the Fall" 935:

was laid on December 26. Tweed bought a marble quarry in

7459:

New York State Register of Historic Places in New York County

5666: 5495:

Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1999).

4985:"New Peck Slip School Is 'Amazing', Parents and Students Say" 3960:"Vast Plaza Project at City Hall Would Raze Tweed Courthouse" 3396:"It's City Hall Park, Where Everything Old Has Been Made New" 1511: 1071: 772: 2521:"Boss Tweed's Courthouse: An Elegant Monument To Corruption" 1483:

New York City Department of Citywide Administrative Services

1295: 608:. The dome, planned to rival the Kings County Courthouse in 5106:"African Burial Ground & The Commons Historic District" 4653:"Plan for School in Courthouse Is Up in Air, Educators Say" 2279: 2277: 1272: 597: 5499:

New York 1880: Architecture and Urbanism in the Gilded Age

4472: 3993:"Mayor, In Reprieve, Seks Way to Utilize Tweed Courthouse" 333:

were completed in 2001. The building has since housed the

6869: 4765:"Academy That Symbolized Innovation in Schools Is Closed" 750:

including the addition or removal of several staircases.

5468:

Robins, Anthony W.; Williams, Sarah (October 16, 1984).

4357:"A Lower Manhattan Shortcut to Reopen After Seven Years" 2274: 1954: 1579:. National Park Service. September 19, 2007. p. 1. 1082: 775:

with lampposts atop them, as well as simpler four-sided

545:, and Sheffield marble are anchored on the facade, with 5348:; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). 4830:"Ross Global Is Among New York Schools Chosen to Close" 4253:"Postings: Tweed Courthouse; Fixing Crumbling Cornices" 1605: 1119:

W. J. Linton, "The House That Tweed Built", excerpt

1016:

expenditure was more than four times that for London's

4395:"As Museum Move Evokes Tweed, City Hall Is Criticized" 3347:"The Court-House Swindle; What The Building Will Cost" 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2834:"The Marble in the New Court-House A Very Rich Quarry" 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2119: 2117: 2115: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 5596: 5383:

Page, Max; Seidman, Ruth K.; Hallmark, Julie (1999).

4869:"The Ross Global Charter School Graduates from Tweed" 4293:"More Old Bones Unearthed at Tweed Courthouse Site". 4226:"New York Courthouse Restoration Draws High Praise". 3580: 3578: 2979:"The Court of Appeals and the Now County Court-House" 2391: 2389: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1646: 7033:

HS for Math, Science and Engineering at City College

5370: 3204: 3202: 3200: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2422: 2268: 2102: 2100: 2063: 2061: 1944: 1942: 1743: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1550: 1548: 1438:"Federal Register: 44 Fed. Reg. 7107 (Feb. 6, 1979)" 1403:

List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City

956:

had been placed in only a few rooms. At that point,

6279:

History of the National Register of Historic Places

5494: 5382: 4695:"New Elementary School Planned for Lower Manhattan" 3608: 3533: 3518: 3114: 2962: 2937: 2669: 2630: 2624: 2609: 2551: 2484: 2459: 2283: 2123: 2112: 1860: 1535: 1533: 490:praised him profusely, an anonymous writer for the 7173:Council of School Supervisors & Administrators 5496: 5275: 5249: 5203: 5174: 3575: 2796: 2739: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2386: 2363: 2337: 2325: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2164:Kaese, Diane S.; Lynch, Michael F. (Autumn 2008). 2073: 2030:"The New Court-House.; Laying of the Corner Stone" 1910: 1883: 1818: 1816: 1673: 5036:United States Department of the Interior (1985). 4202:. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 3436:. New York State Legislature. 1862. p. 341. 3318: 3316: 3197: 2918: 2770: 2675: 2294: 2292: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2097: 2058: 1939: 1706: 1623: 1545: 7390: 5854: 5763:Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse 5546: 5386:The Creative Destruction of Manhattan, 1900–1940 4468: 4466: 4464: 3460:. New York State Legislature. 1871. p. 1273 1700: 1530: 7449:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan 5477:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 5461:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 5342:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 5113:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 5061:"City Moves to Preserve A Symbol of Corruption" 5052: 5015:"District 2 Pre-K Center at 52 Chambers Street" 4688: 4686: 4247: 4245: 4159: 4128: 4126: 4089: 4023: 4021: 3985: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3291: 3289: 2740:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 2724: 2651: 2434: 2401: 2236: 1813: 1102:By the comptroller's plasterer, Garvey by name, 511:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 5467: 5204:Alexander, Cathy A.; Christian, Ralph (1974). 5092: 5040:. U.S. Department of the Interior. p. 162 4498: 4496: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4288: 4286: 4221: 4219: 4217: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3584: 3313: 3208: 3048: 3046: 2973: 2971: 2931: 2884: 2882: 2781: 2692: 2573: 2571: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2395: 2380: 2341: 2289: 2129: 2106: 2079: 2067: 2024: 2022: 2020: 1981: 1979: 1948: 1933: 1904: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1725: 1650: 1539: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1100:Who controll'd the plastering laid on so thick 6855: 6230: 5715: 5263:"A Brief History of City Hall Park, New York" 5252:American Building Art: The Nineteenth Century 4461: 3529: 3527: 1512:"Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)" 1362:at the end of the 2010–2011 school year. The 1141: 4726:"Mayor's 'School' Opens at Tweed Courthouse" 4683: 4242: 4123: 4018: 3912: 3472: 3286: 2802: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 1264:New York City Department of General Services 943:. In December 1865, an anonymous writer for 819:wood lead to the rooms on the ground floor. 6897:New York City School Construction Authority 6829:National Register of Historic Places Portal 4493: 4425: 4283: 4214: 4134:"Tweed Courthouse Put On National Register" 3614: 3393: 3043: 2968: 2879: 2792: 2790: 2568: 2501: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2205: 2017: 1976: 1755: 1600: 1598: 1466: 1304:Kellum's front facade following restoration 833:Detail of the stone fireplace in room 201–2 7272:New York City Science and Engineering Fair 7244:New York City Board of Education v. Tom F. 6862: 6848: 6814: 6237: 6223: 5823:United States Court of International Trade 5818:Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse 5722: 5708: 5589: 5550:; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). 5273: 5136:"African Burial Ground Made Historic Site" 5038:"Catalogue of National Historic Landmarks" 4611: 4027: 3923: 3602: 3524: 3280: 3015:"Local Intelligence; Board of Supervisors" 2163: 1684: 1682: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1577:National Historic Landmark summary listing 1380:New York State Register of Historic Places 1106:Of laying on plaster and knowing the trick 58:New York State Register of Historic Places 16:Government building in Manhattan, New York 7239:Campaign for Fiscal Equity, Inc. v. State 6246:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 6130:Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall/Chambers Street 4982: 4925: 4723: 4650: 4536:"The Tweed Courthouse or 110 Livingston?" 4533: 3485: 3394:Herszenhorn, David M. (October 8, 1999). 2255: 1296:New York City Department of Education use 1108:Of charging as if he himself were a brick 798:were installed there in the early 1910s. 40:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 7439:National Historic Landmarks in Manhattan 6987:HS of American Studies at Lehman College 6902:Specialized High Schools Admissions Test 5487:American Architecture And Other Writings 5483: 5424: 5407:Thomas Nast: His Period and His Pictures 5172: 4827: 3813: 3488:"$ 89M Rehab Tab for Monument to Excess" 3381: 3307: 2787: 2657: 2453: 2428: 2416: 2304: 2298: 2249: 2148: 2091: 1822: 1749: 1595: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1369: 1299: 1256: 1170: 1104:The Garvey whose fame is the little game 1035: 962: 757: 710: 703:that run horizontally along the facade. 665: 515: 281: – the corrupt leader of 6045:African Burial Ground National Monument 5452:Robins, Anthony W. (October 16, 1984). 5017:. New York City Department of Education 4894: 4436: 4095: 3957: 3827:"New York State Supreme Court Building" 3571:– via HathiTrust Digital Library. 3486:Wasserman, Joanne (September 4, 2001). 3414:from the original on September 15, 2017 2177:. Vol. 22, no. 2. p. 7. 1679: 1656: 1231:In 1978, the mayoral administration of 753: 345:, and its facade and interior are both 7424:Government buildings completed in 1881 7419:Government buildings completed in 1872 7414:County courthouses in New York (state) 7391: 5525: 5451: 5308: 5247: 5220: 5134:Dunlap, David W. (February 26, 1993). 5133: 5058: 4983:Plagianos, Irene (September 9, 2015). 4783:from the original on December 30, 2018 4762: 4744:from the original on December 30, 2018 4692: 4612:Steinhauer, Jennifer (June 19, 2002). 4572: 4061: 3900:from the original on September 1, 2019 3851: 3704: 3596: 3557: 3545: 3514: 3185:from the original on December 27, 2019 2873: 2855:from the original on December 27, 2019 2820: 2645: 2562: 2539:from the original on February 21, 2018 2518: 2495: 2478: 2345: 1985: 1877: 1850: 1834: 1778: 1737: 1583:from the original on December 17, 2019 1554: 1454:from the original on December 30, 2016 1432: 1430: 1428: 1330:, had opposed the move. His successor 1040:1893 depiction of the Tweed Courthouse 269:in New York City. It was built in the 7444:New York City Department of Education 6943:List of high schools in Staten Island 6871:New York City Department of Education 6843: 6218: 5703: 5403: 4867:Green, Elizabeth (January 16, 2009). 4866: 4848:from the original on October 25, 2015 4828:Otterman, Sharon (December 7, 2010). 4801: 4671:from the original on January 28, 2018 4632:from the original on January 16, 2020 4593:from the original on January 28, 2018 4554:from the original on January 29, 2018 4515:from the original on January 16, 2020 4502: 4354: 4271:from the original on January 14, 2018 4096:Carroll, Maurice (October 14, 1974). 4064:"City Seeks to Buy Anoffice Building" 3890:"A Brief History of Tweed Courthouse" 3295: 3268: 2808: 2597:from the original on January 16, 2018 2201: 2199: 2159: 2157: 1560: 1336:New York City Department of Education 1191:The original skylight was removed by 1083:Court use, modifications, and decline 1020:and more than twice the value of the 901: 621:while the third floor contains three 335:New York City Department of Education 7404:1881 establishments in New York City 7399:1872 establishments in New York City 6102:Michael Schimmel Center for the Arts 5990:City Hall Post Office and Courthouse 5673: 5625:National Register of Historic Places 5526:Stokes, Isaac Newton Phelps (1915). 5454:New York County Courthouse: Interior 5319: 5260: 5210:National Register of Historic Places 4763:Medina, Jennifer (October 6, 2007). 4705:from the original on October 1, 2019 4651:Goodnough, Abby (October 15, 2002). 4315: 3779:"Refurbishing Due at City Hall Park" 3705:Porter, Russell (January 22, 1954). 3630:Gray, Christopher (March 11, 1990). 3629: 3325:American Architect and Building News 3220: 2003:American Architect and Building News 1854: 1838: 1489:from the original on October 4, 2019 1393:History of New York City (1855–1897) 1222:National Register of Historic Places 1058:American Architect and Building News 492:American Architect and Building News 339:National Register of Historic Places 7288:New York City school boycott (1964) 5529:The iconography of Manhattan Island 4693:Santos, Fernanda (March 15, 2011). 3958:Carroll, Maurice (March 24, 1974). 1425: 13: 5059:Rangel, Jesus (December 7, 1984). 4926:Plagianos, Irene (March 4, 2013). 4724:Goodnough, Abby (March 25, 2003). 4534:Goodnough, Abby (March 20, 2002). 4355:Lueck, Thomas J. (July 26, 2007). 4167:"The Arts Emboss Tweed Courthouse" 4028:Goldberger, Paul (June 14, 1974). 3924:Goldberger, Paul (June 14, 1978). 2196: 2154: 1779:Dunlap, David W. (March 9, 2001). 1447:. February 6, 1979. p. 7539. 1207: 1007:, pointed out Tweed's corruption. 576:. The courthouse also contained a 347:New York City designated landmarks 14: 7480: 7234:Aspira v. N.Y. Board of Education 6933:List of high schools in Manhattan 6923:List of high schools in The Bronx 6918:List of public elementary schools 5576: 5181:. Carroll & Graf Publishers. 4895:Shapiro, Julie (March 15, 2011). 4573:Cooper, Michael (June 17, 2002). 4413:from the original on May 27, 2015 4375:from the original on June 5, 2015 4336:from the original on May 27, 2015 4062:Fowler, Glenn (October 3, 1974). 3852:Berger, Meyer (January 9, 1957). 3650:from the original on May 25, 2015 3609:Page, Seidman & Hallmark 1999 3534:Page, Seidman & Hallmark 1999 3519:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999 3115:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999 2963:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999 2670:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999 2625:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999 2284:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999 2184:from the original on June 3, 2013 2124:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999 1801:from the original on May 27, 2015 524: 7454:New York City interior landmarks 6928:List of high schools in Brooklyn 6823: 6813: 6804: 6803: 6304: 6297: 5836: 5831: 5788:Metropolitan Correctional Center 5773:Jacob K. Javits Federal Building 5729: 5682: 5654: 5642: 5630: 5618: 5606: 5425:Reynolds, Donald Martin (1994). 5350:Guide to New York City Landmarks 5127: 5098: 5086: 5029: 5007: 4976: 4950: 4919: 4888: 4860: 4821: 4795: 4756: 4717: 4644: 4605: 4566: 4527: 4387: 4348: 4316:Crow, Kelly (December 2, 2001). 4309: 4192: 4055: 3951: 3882: 3845: 3819: 3807: 3771: 3128:"Completing the New Court-House" 3024:. February 28, 1866. p. 8. 2899:. December 16, 1865. p. 8. 2843:. December 25, 1866. p. 4. 2519:Dunlap, David W. (May 5, 1986). 2039:. December 27, 1861. p. 3. 2005:. Vol. 1. 1876. p. 206 1573:"Old New York County Courthouse" 1243:New York City Municipal Archives 1226:1975 New York City fiscal crisis 1066:pointing to the old, "does not?" 967:Northeast corner of the building 838: 826: 678: 584:above the ground-floor windows, 476:Guide to New York City Landmarks 83: 7178:American Federation of Teachers 4297:. October 9, 1993. p. 32. 3788:. August 25, 1956. p. 17. 3735: 3698: 3679:. August 16, 1938. p. 21. 3662: 3590: 3551: 3539: 3508: 3448: 3426: 3387: 3375: 3339: 3301: 3274: 3262: 3226: 3214: 3156: 3137:. December 6, 1870. p. 5. 3120: 3108: 3072: 3007: 2867: 2826: 2814: 2761:Gross Domestic Product deflator 2698: 2663: 2351: 2331: 2085: 1991: 1844: 1828: 1731: 1694: 1202: 1155:. Under La Guardia's plan, the 1087: 912:New York City Board of Aldermen 456: 357:The Tweed Courthouse is in the 49:U.S. National Historic Landmark 7341:New York City Teaching Fellows 7188:New York State United Teachers 7183:National Education Association 6938:List of high schools in Queens 6887:Public Schools Athletic League 5404:Paine, Albert Bigelow (1904). 5206:Old New York County Courthouse 4802:Chung, Jen (October 6, 2007). 2797:Alexander & Christian 1974 2338:Alexander & Christian 1974 2326:Alexander & Christian 1974 1674:Alexander & Christian 1974 1314:Museum of the City of New York 1238:New York Landmarks Conservancy 445:, the Upper Barracks, the New 251:Old New York County Courthouse 197: 186: 173: 70: 32:Old New York County Courthouse 1: 7168:United Federation of Teachers 5315:– via Internet Archive. 5261:Hall, Edward Hagaman (1910). 5115:. February 25, 1993. PDF p. 3 4503:Chung, Jen (March 26, 2003). 4098:"Beame Style Making Its Mark" 3356:. April 29, 1877. p. 7. 3173:. April 13, 1871. p. 2. 3089:. March 27, 1866. p. 8. 2988:. March 12, 1867. p. 4. 2742:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 1701:White, Willensky & Leadon 1413: 1236:with modern furnishings. The 1031: 365:, in the northern portion of 6882:Panel for Educational Policy 6780:National Historic Landmarks 5914:Firehouse, Engine Company 31 5783:Manhattan Municipal Building 5274:Mandelbaum, Seymour (1990). 3517:, pp. 15–16; quoted in 3243:. July 24, 1871. p. 4. 1418: 1218:Manhattan Municipal Building 982:United States Postal Service 715:Interior view of the rotunda 612:, was ultimately not built. 533:on the main Chambers Street 400:Manhattan Municipal Building 21:United States historic place 7: 7204:New York City Parents Union 6206:Manhattan Community Board 1 5778:Louis J. Lefkowitz Building 5320:Mott, Frank Luther (1941). 4804:"R.I.P., City Hall Academy" 4489:– via newspapers.com. 3894:Government of New York City 3752:. May 3, 1955. p. 27. 3504:– via newspapers.com. 3068:– via newspapers.com. 1386: 1312:had wanted to relocate the 1110:Of the well-plaster'd House 706: 10: 7485: 7056:Queens HS for the Sciences 5909:Broadway–Chambers Building 5808:Ted Weiss Federal Building 5798:New York County Courthouse 5553:AIA Guide to New York City 5470:New York County Courthouse 5256:. Oxford University Press. 5221:Callow, Alexander (1981). 5173:Ackerman, Kenneth (2005). 5165: 5093:Robins & Williams 1984 3585:Robins & Williams 1984 3209:Robins & Williams 1984 3060:. July 6, 1928. p. 12 2932:Robins & Williams 1984 2782:Robins & Williams 1984 2710:New York State Legislature 2693:Robins & Williams 1984 2396:Robins & Williams 1984 2381:Robins & Williams 1984 2342:Robins & Williams 1984 2107:Robins & Williams 1984 2080:Robins & Williams 1984 2068:Robins & Williams 1984 1949:Robins & Williams 1984 1934:Robins & Williams 1984 1905:Robins & Williams 1984 1726:Robins & Williams 1984 1651:Robins & Williams 1984 1540:Robins & Williams 1984 1376:National Historic Landmark 1182:New York County Courthouse 1142:Early and mid-20th century 1131:Miller's New York As It Is 876: 762:Tweed Courthouse staircase 730: 606:United States Capitol dome 408:Broadway–Chambers Building 343:National Historic Landmark 7434:Leopold Eidlitz buildings 7363: 7328: 7312: 7305: 7280: 7264: 7257: 7216: 7196: 7160: 7153: 7086: 7064: 7046: 7018: 6995: 6972: 6961: 6910: 6877: 6799: 6768: 6648: 6313: 6295: 6256: 6200: 6155: 6119: 6112: 6079: 6037: 5995:New York Tribune Building 5972: 5845: 5829: 5750: 5737: 5376:D. Appleton & Company 2269:New York Illustrated 1869 1970:Harper's Magazine Company 1962:"The 'Times' and Tammany" 1277:September 11 attacks 615: 588:separating each vertical 373:. The plot is bounded by 235: 227: 219: 211: 206: 195: 184: 172:NRHP reference 171: 157: 147: 110: 106:, New York, United States 102:52 Chambers Street, 98: 94: 89:The entry portico in 2010 82: 78: 64: 55: 46: 37: 30: 26: 7028:Fiorello H. LaGuardia HS 6533:Richmond (Staten Island) 5248:Condit, Carl W. (1960). 4475:"Mayor Axes Museum Move" 1999:"Two Popular Architects" 1251:John G. Waite Associates 937:Sheffield, Massachusetts 809: 562:"Anglo-Italianate" style 437:. Eight graves from the 429:. The Dutch settlers of 299:county of New York state 7409:Civic Center, Manhattan 6000:New York World Building 5959:Transportation Building 5924:New York Times Building 5558:Oxford University Press 4295:New York Amsterdam News 3468:– via HathiTrust. 3333:2027/njp.32101080160904 2013:– via HathiTrust. 520:Seen from the northeast 398:from west to east. The 352: 279:William M. "Boss" Tweed 7351:Absent Teacher Reserve 6269:Keeper of the Register 5803:Surrogate's Courthouse 5429:. New York: J. Wiley. 5309:Miller, James (1872). 4200:"Landmark Designation" 3558:Linton, W. J. (1871). 1479:"The Tweed Courthouse" 1305: 1184:a few blocks north on 1176: 1161:New York Supreme Court 1149:Fiorello H. La Guardia 1116: 1068: 1041: 1003:, the cartoonist from 968: 763: 716: 671: 521: 507:New York State Capitol 396:Surrogate's Courthouse 228:Designated NYSRHP 67:New York City Landmark 7074:Staten Island Tech HS 7010:Brooklyn Technical HS 6789:Outside New York City 6284:National Park Service 6264:Contributing property 5354:John Wiley & Sons 5278:Boss Tweed's New York 5214:National Park Service 4401:. December 15, 2000. 3327:. Vol. 3. 1878. 2712:. 1861. p. 451. 1837:, pp. 584, 973; 1370:Landmark designations 1303: 1257:1990s and early 2000s 1197:New York Family Court 1174: 1092: 1063: 1039: 1018:Palace of Westminster 966: 855:seal of New York City 761: 714: 669: 566:United States Capitol 519: 435:African burial ground 331:historic preservation 303:New York City borough 301:coextensive with the 132:40.71333°N 74.00556°W 7346:Reassignment centers 7329:Non-technology based 7320:Automate the Schools 6473:New York (Manhattan) 6015:St. Joachim's Church 6005:Rogers Peet Building 5939:Rogers Peet Building 5751:Government buildings 4938:on November 18, 2017 4907:on November 10, 2017 4173:. December 5, 1979. 3833:on September 1, 2018 3234:"The Tammany Frauds" 3058:Lincoln Journal Star 2672:, pp. 125, 127. 1972:. 1871. p. 742. 1853:, pp. 947–955; 845:Mosaic floor pattern 754:Stairs and elevators 416:Rogers Peet Building 289:that controlled the 257:building at 52 236:Designated NYCL 6982:Bronx HS of Science 6953:Empowerment Schools 6776:Bridges and tunnels 6010:Samuel Osgood House 5503:. Monacelli Press. 5269:. pp. 383–424. 5225:. Greenwood Press. 4995:on January 16, 2020 4505:"City Hall Academy" 4479:New York Daily News 4140:. October 9, 1974. 3493:New York Daily News 3384:, pp. 374–375. 3271:, pp. 181–182. 3223:, pp. 382–384. 3117:, pp. 128–129. 2763:figures follow the 2585:. January 5, 1992. 2431:, pp. 145–146. 2286:, pp. 127–128. 1752:, pp. 140–141. 1445:Library of Congress 1356:Ross Global Academy 1285:New York Daily News 1166:Henry Hope Reed Jr. 1157:New York City Court 926:Richard B. Connolly 906:From 1861 to 1871, 560:, described as the 249:(also known as the 220:Designated NHL 137:40.71333; -74.00556 128: / 7224:Agostini v. Felton 7102:Meisha Ross Porter 5964:Woolworth Building 5944:Southbridge Towers 5793:New York City Hall 5768:Home Life Building 5346:Dolkart, Andrew S. 5140:The New York Times 5065:The New York Times 4964:. October 23, 2014 4834:The New York Times 4769:The New York Times 4730:The New York Times 4657:The New York Times 4618:The New York Times 4579:The New York Times 4540:The New York Times 4399:The New York Times 4361:The New York Times 4322:The New York Times 4259:. April 12, 1992. 4257:The New York Times 4171:The New York Times 4138:The New York Times 4102:The New York Times 4068:The New York Times 4034:The New York Times 3999:. April 20, 1974. 3997:The New York Times 3964:The New York Times 3930:The New York Times 3861:The New York Times 3786:The New York Times 3750:The New York Times 3714:The New York Times 3677:The New York Times 3636:The New York Times 3400:The New York Times 3354:The New York Times 3241:The New York Times 3171:The New York Times 3135:The New York Times 3087:The New York Times 3022:The New York Times 2986:The New York Times 2897:The New York Times 2841:The New York Times 2583:The New York Times 2525:The New York Times 2037:The New York Times 1786:The New York Times 1518:. November 7, 2014 1347:The New York Times 1306: 1290:The New York Times 1177: 1054:The New York Times 1042: 1026:Ludlow Street Jail 1009:The New York Times 997:The New York Times 969: 958:The New York Times 945:The New York Times 941:American Civil War 902:Tweed construction 764: 717: 685:Romanesque Revival 672: 648:The New York Times 604:, inspired by the 592:of windows, and a 580:with rustication, 522: 420:Home Life Building 371:New York City Hall 369:and just north of 275:Romanesque Revival 215:September 25, 1974 7386: 7385: 7359: 7358: 7301: 7300: 7249:Zorach v. Clauson 7229:Aguilar v. Felton 7212: 7211: 7082: 7081: 6837: 6836: 6274:Historic district 6212: 6211: 6196: 6195: 6033: 6032: 5949:St. Andrew Church 5929:Park Row Building 5897:Hall des Lumieres 5877:150 Nassau Street 5855:Current buildings 5567:978-0-19538-386-7 5539:978-5-87179-950-5 5510:978-1-58093-027-7 5436:978-0-471-01439-3 5396:978-0-226-64468-4 5363:978-0-470-28963-1 5333:978-0-415-24144-1 5293:978-0-929587-20-2 5232:978-0-313-22761-5 5188:978-0-7867-1435-3 3442:2027/uc1.b4375264 3054:"The Public Mind" 2876:, pp. 17–32. 2718:2027/uc1.b4375263 2360:, pp. 26–27. 1691:, pp. 28–29. 1332:Michael Bloomberg 1126:George C. Barrett 1113:That TWEED built 802:retrofitted with 670:Eastern elevation 439:American colonial 381:to the east, and 287:political machine 243: 242: 207:Significant dates 7476: 7464:William M. Tweed 7377:Mad Hot Ballroom 7313:Technology based 7310: 7309: 7262: 7261: 7158: 7157: 7108:Richard Carranza 6970: 6969: 6892:Tweed Courthouse 6864: 6857: 6850: 6841: 6840: 6827: 6817: 6816: 6807: 6806: 6438:Kings (Brooklyn) 6308: 6301: 6300: 6239: 6232: 6225: 6216: 6215: 6178:Lafayette Street 6117: 6116: 5892:375 Pearl Street 5862:5 Beekman Street 5852: 5851: 5840: 5835: 5813:Tweed Courthouse 5724: 5717: 5710: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5675: 5669:Tweed Courthouse 5659: 5658: 5657: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5635: 5634: 5633: 5623: 5622: 5621: 5611: 5610: 5602: 5593: 5588: 5587: 5585:Official website 5571: 5556:(5th ed.). 5543: 5522: 5502: 5491: 5480: 5474: 5464: 5458: 5448: 5421: 5400: 5379: 5367: 5352:(4th ed.). 5337: 5316: 5305: 5281: 5270: 5257: 5255: 5244: 5217: 5200: 5180: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5110: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5011: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4991:. Archived from 4989:DNAinfo New York 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4934:. Archived from 4932:DNAinfo New York 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4903:. Archived from 4901:DNAinfo New York 4892: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4690: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4500: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4470: 4459: 4458: 4434: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4290: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4249: 4240: 4239: 4223: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4025: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3921: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3858: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3783: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3747: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3711: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3674: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3627: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3522: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3483: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3351: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3320: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3238: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3168: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3132: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3084: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3050: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3019: 3011: 3005: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2983: 2975: 2966: 2960: 2935: 2929: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2894: 2886: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2838: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2785: 2779: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2737: 2722: 2721: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2628: 2622: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2575: 2566: 2560: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2516: 2499: 2493: 2482: 2476: 2457: 2451: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2399: 2393: 2384: 2378: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2302: 2296: 2287: 2281: 2272: 2266: 2253: 2247: 2234: 2233: 2203: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2183: 2170: 2161: 2152: 2146: 2127: 2121: 2110: 2104: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2034: 2026: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1974: 1973: 1968:. Vol. 15. 1958: 1952: 1946: 1937: 1931: 1908: 1902: 1881: 1875: 1858: 1848: 1842: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1776: 1753: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1677: 1671: 1654: 1648: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1602: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1569: 1558: 1552: 1543: 1537: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1508: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1475: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1453: 1442: 1434: 1120: 908:William M. Tweed 842: 830: 574:Corinthian order 570:Washington, D.C. 361:neighborhood of 271:Italianate style 253:) is a historic 247:Tweed Courthouse 239:October 16, 1984 199: 188: 175: 143: 142: 140: 139: 138: 133: 129: 126: 125: 124: 121: 87: 73: 1121, 1437 72: 24: 23: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7382: 7371:C. B. J. Snyder 7355: 7324: 7297: 7276: 7253: 7208: 7192: 7149: 7078: 7060: 7042: 7014: 6991: 6964: 6957: 6906: 6873: 6868: 6838: 6833: 6795: 6764: 6716:Above 110th St. 6650: 6644: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6298: 6293: 6252: 6243: 6213: 6208: 6192: 6168:Chambers Street 6151: 6108: 6087:Pace University 6075: 6071:Millennium Park 6055:Drumgoole Plaza 6029: 6025:Washington Hall 5968: 5934:Potter Building 5904:Ahrens Building 5867:8 Spruce Street 5847: 5841: 5827: 5746: 5733: 5728: 5698: 5688: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5674:sister projects 5671:at Knowledge's 5665: 5655: 5653: 5643: 5641: 5631: 5629: 5619: 5617: 5605: 5597: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5574: 5568: 5540: 5511: 5472: 5456: 5437: 5418: 5397: 5364: 5334: 5294: 5233: 5189: 5168: 5163: 5162: 5152: 5150: 5132: 5128: 5118: 5116: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5057: 5053: 5043: 5041: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5018: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4981: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4941: 4939: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4865: 4861: 4851: 4849: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4800: 4796: 4786: 4784: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4722: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4691: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4610: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4516: 4501: 4494: 4484: 4482: 4471: 4462: 4441:. p. A16. 4435: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4393: 4392: 4388: 4378: 4376: 4353: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4314: 4310: 4292: 4291: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4251: 4250: 4243: 4225: 4224: 4215: 4205: 4203: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4183: 4181: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4132: 4131: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4060: 4056: 4046: 4044: 4026: 4019: 4009: 4007: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3956: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3922: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3856: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3709: 3703: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3628: 3615: 3607: 3603: 3595: 3591: 3583: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3525: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3484: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3392: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3366: 3364: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3322: 3321: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3294: 3287: 3281:Mandelbaum 1990 3279: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3157: 3147: 3145: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3052: 3051: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2969: 2961: 2938: 2934:, pp. 6–7. 2930: 2919: 2909: 2907: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2819: 2815: 2807: 2803: 2795: 2788: 2780: 2771: 2752: 2750: 2738: 2725: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2676: 2668: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2644: 2631: 2623: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2577: 2576: 2569: 2561: 2552: 2542: 2540: 2517: 2502: 2494: 2485: 2477: 2460: 2452: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2402: 2394: 2387: 2379: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2305: 2297: 2290: 2282: 2275: 2267: 2256: 2248: 2237: 2222:10.2307/1504835 2204: 2197: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2168: 2162: 2155: 2147: 2130: 2122: 2113: 2105: 2098: 2094:, pp. 373. 2090: 2086: 2078: 2074: 2066: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2018: 2008: 2006: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1977: 1966:Harper's Weekly 1960: 1959: 1955: 1947: 1940: 1932: 1911: 1903: 1884: 1876: 1861: 1849: 1845: 1833: 1829: 1821: 1814: 1804: 1802: 1777: 1756: 1748: 1744: 1736: 1732: 1724: 1707: 1699: 1695: 1687: 1680: 1672: 1657: 1649: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1604: 1603: 1596: 1586: 1584: 1571: 1570: 1561: 1553: 1546: 1538: 1531: 1521: 1519: 1510: 1509: 1502: 1492: 1490: 1477: 1476: 1467: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1389: 1372: 1360:8 Spruce Street 1340:open floor plan 1298: 1259: 1210: 1208:1970s and 1980s 1205: 1144: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1090: 1085: 1034: 1022:Alaska Purchase 1005:Harper's Weekly 978:Roscoe Conkling 904: 879: 850: 849: 848: 847: 846: 843: 835: 834: 831: 812: 756: 733: 709: 681: 641:above it and a 618: 543:Tuckahoe marble 527: 503:Leopold Eidlitz 487:Harper's Weekly 459: 404:Brooklyn Bridge 375:Chambers Street 355: 323:Leopold Eidlitz 295:New York County 259:Chambers Street 166:Leopold Eidlitz 152: 136: 134: 130: 127: 122: 119: 117: 115: 114: 90: 74: 60: 51: 42: 33: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7482: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7373: 7367: 7365: 7364:In pop culture 7361: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7316: 7314: 7307: 7303: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7295: 7290: 7284: 7282: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7274: 7268: 7266: 7259: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7164: 7162: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7141: 7138:Harold O. Levy 7135: 7129: 7123: 7120:Dennis Walcott 7117: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7098:(2022–present) 7096:David C. Banks 7092: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7070: 7068: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7058: 7052: 7050: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7024: 7022: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7012: 7007: 7005:Brooklyn Latin 7001: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6978: 6976: 6967: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6867: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6844: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6821: 6811: 6800: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6778: 6772: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6711:59th–110th St. 6708: 6703: 6701:Below 14th St. 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6672:New York City 6670: 6665: 6660: 6654: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6319: 6317: 6311: 6310: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6289:Property types 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6242: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6219: 6210: 6209: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6143: 6137: 6132: 6126: 6124: 6114: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6057: 6052: 6050:City Hall Park 6047: 6041: 6039: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5919:Morse Building 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5900: 5899: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5858: 5856: 5849: 5846:Non-government 5843: 5842: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5758:1 Police Plaza 5754: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5727: 5726: 5719: 5712: 5704: 5697: 5696: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5651: 5639: 5627: 5615: 5595: 5594: 5578: 5577:External links 5575: 5573: 5572: 5566: 5544: 5538: 5523: 5509: 5492: 5481: 5465: 5449: 5435: 5422: 5416: 5401: 5395: 5380: 5368: 5362: 5338: 5332: 5317: 5306: 5292: 5271: 5258: 5245: 5231: 5223:The Tweed Ring 5218: 5201: 5187: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5142:. p. B3. 5126: 5097: 5085: 5051: 5028: 5006: 4975: 4949: 4918: 4887: 4859: 4820: 4794: 4755: 4716: 4682: 4643: 4604: 4565: 4526: 4492: 4460: 4424: 4386: 4347: 4308: 4282: 4241: 4213: 4191: 4158: 4122: 4088: 4054: 4017: 3984: 3950: 3911: 3881: 3863:. p. 32. 3844: 3818: 3816:, p. 374. 3806: 3770: 3734: 3716:. p. 22. 3697: 3661: 3613: 3611:, p. 137. 3601: 3599:, p. 34C. 3589: 3574: 3550: 3548:, p. 206. 3538: 3536:, p. 136. 3523: 3521:, p. 129. 3507: 3471: 3447: 3425: 3386: 3374: 3338: 3312: 3300: 3298:, p. 174. 3285: 3273: 3261: 3225: 3213: 3196: 3155: 3119: 3107: 3071: 3042: 3006: 2967: 2965:, p. 129. 2936: 2917: 2878: 2866: 2825: 2823:, p. 202. 2813: 2811:, p. 143. 2801: 2786: 2769: 2765:MeasuringWorth 2759:United States 2747:MeasuringWorth 2723: 2697: 2674: 2662: 2660:, p. 147. 2650: 2629: 2627:, p. 128. 2608: 2567: 2550: 2500: 2483: 2458: 2456:, p. 146. 2433: 2421: 2419:, p. 145. 2400: 2385: 2362: 2350: 2344:, p. 18; 2330: 2303: 2301:, p. 142. 2288: 2273: 2254: 2252:, p. 144. 2235: 2195: 2153: 2151:, p. 143. 2128: 2126:, p. 127. 2111: 2096: 2084: 2072: 2057: 2016: 1990: 1975: 1953: 1938: 1909: 1882: 1859: 1857:, p. 397. 1843: 1841:, p. 394. 1827: 1825:, p. 141. 1812: 1754: 1742: 1740:, p. 518. 1730: 1705: 1693: 1678: 1655: 1622: 1594: 1559: 1544: 1529: 1500: 1465: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1388: 1385: 1371: 1368: 1364:Kunskapsskolan 1297: 1294: 1258: 1255: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199:in the 1960s. 1143: 1140: 1093: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1033: 1030: 903: 900: 878: 875: 863:coved ceilings 844: 837: 836: 832: 825: 824: 823: 822: 821: 811: 808: 755: 752: 732: 729: 708: 705: 680: 677: 633:, and paneled 617: 614: 551:superstructure 526: 525:Main structure 523: 458: 455: 427:public commons 377:to the north, 367:City Hall Park 354: 351: 291:New York state 241: 240: 237: 233: 232: 229: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 213: 209: 208: 204: 203: 200: 193: 192: 189: 182: 181: 176: 169: 168: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 112: 108: 107: 100: 96: 95: 92: 91: 88: 80: 79: 76: 75: 65: 62: 61: 56: 53: 52: 47: 44: 43: 38: 35: 34: 31: 28: 27: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7481: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7327: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7311: 7308: 7304: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281:Not sponsored 7279: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7263: 7260: 7256: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7197:Parents union 7195: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7159: 7156: 7152: 7145: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7114:Carmen Fariña 7112: 7109: 7106: 7103: 7100: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7085: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7066:Staten Island 7063: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7045: 7039: 7038:Stuyvesant HS 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7017: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6960: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6948:School of One 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6909: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6876: 6872: 6865: 6860: 6858: 6853: 6851: 6846: 6845: 6842: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6820: 6812: 6810: 6802: 6801: 6798: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6784:New York City 6782: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6730:Niagara Falls 6728: 6722: 6721:Minor islands 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6706:14th–59th St. 6704: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6691:Staten Island 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6312: 6307: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6240: 6235: 6233: 6228: 6226: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6207: 6204: 6199: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6173:Centre Street 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6154: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6036: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5744:New York City 5741: 5736: 5732: 5725: 5720: 5718: 5713: 5711: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5693: 5692: 5680: 5679: 5676: 5670: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5649:United States 5640: 5638: 5637:New York City 5628: 5626: 5616: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5603: 5600: 5592: 5586: 5581: 5580: 5569: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5548:White, Norval 5545: 5541: 5535: 5532:. R.H. Dodd. 5531: 5530: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5501: 5500: 5493: 5489: 5488: 5482: 5478: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5455: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5432: 5428: 5423: 5419: 5417:9780844613390 5413: 5410:. Macmillan. 5409: 5408: 5402: 5398: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5285: 5280: 5279: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5253: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5179: 5178: 5171: 5170: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5114: 5107: 5101: 5095:, p. 27. 5094: 5089: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5039: 5032: 5021:September 25, 5016: 5010: 4999:September 12, 4994: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4911:September 12, 4906: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4880:September 12, 4876: 4875: 4870: 4863: 4852:September 12, 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4824: 4813:September 12, 4809: 4805: 4798: 4787:September 12, 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4759: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4709:September 12, 4704: 4700: 4696: 4689: 4687: 4675:September 17, 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4636:September 17, 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4597:September 17, 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4530: 4519:September 12, 4514: 4510: 4506: 4499: 4497: 4485:September 17, 4480: 4476: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4417:September 17, 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4379:September 17, 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4351: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4289: 4287: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4248: 4246: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4201: 4195: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4127: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4092: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4022: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3954: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3904:September 17, 3899: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3855: 3848: 3832: 3828: 3822: 3815: 3814:Schuyler 1884 3810: 3799:September 17, 3795: 3791: 3787: 3780: 3774: 3763:September 17, 3759: 3755: 3751: 3744: 3738: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3708: 3701: 3690:September 17, 3686: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3665: 3654:September 17, 3649: 3645: 3641: 3638:. p. 6. 3637: 3633: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3610: 3605: 3598: 3593: 3587:, p. 17. 3586: 3581: 3579: 3567:September 17, 3563: 3562: 3554: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3500:September 17, 3495: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3464:September 12, 3459: 3458: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3429: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3390: 3383: 3382:Schuyler 1884 3378: 3367:September 17, 3363: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3342: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3319: 3317: 3310:, p. 28. 3309: 3308:Ackerman 2005 3304: 3297: 3292: 3290: 3283:, p. 85. 3282: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3229: 3222: 3217: 3210: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3189:September 11, 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3159: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3129: 3123: 3116: 3111: 3100:September 12, 3096: 3092: 3088: 3081: 3075: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3047: 3035:September 12, 3031: 3027: 3023: 3016: 3010: 2999:September 12, 2995: 2991: 2987: 2980: 2974: 2972: 2964: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2910:September 12, 2906: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2885: 2883: 2875: 2870: 2859:September 11, 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2835: 2829: 2822: 2817: 2810: 2805: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2783: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2766: 2762: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2694: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2671: 2666: 2659: 2658:Reynolds 1994 2654: 2648:, p. 18. 2647: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2626: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2601:September 17, 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2565:, p. 17. 2564: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2543:September 17, 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2498:, p. 19. 2497: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2481:, p. 16. 2480: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2455: 2454:Reynolds 1994 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2430: 2429:Reynolds 1994 2425: 2418: 2417:Reynolds 1994 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2398:, p. 16. 2397: 2392: 2390: 2383:, p. 15. 2382: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2359: 2354: 2347: 2343: 2340:, p. 2; 2339: 2334: 2327: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2300: 2299:Reynolds 1994 2295: 2293: 2285: 2280: 2278: 2271:, p. 13. 2270: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2251: 2250:Reynolds 1994 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2202: 2200: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2167: 2160: 2158: 2150: 2149:Reynolds 1994 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2125: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2093: 2092:Schuyler 1884 2088: 2082:, p. 12. 2081: 2076: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2050:September 11, 2046: 2042: 2038: 2031: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2009:September 16, 2004: 2000: 1994: 1988:, p. 69. 1987: 1982: 1980: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1957: 1950: 1945: 1943: 1936:, p. 18. 1935: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1907:, p. 14. 1906: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1880:, p. 15. 1879: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1824: 1823:Reynolds 1994 1819: 1817: 1805:September 17, 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1751: 1750:Reynolds 1994 1746: 1739: 1734: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1703:, p. 77. 1702: 1697: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1653:, p. 13. 1652: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1611: 1607: 1601: 1599: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1517: 1513: 1507: 1505: 1493:September 17, 1488: 1484: 1480: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1450: 1446: 1439: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1424: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1351: 1348: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1310:Rudy Giuliani 1302: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1254: 1252: 1246: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214:Abraham Beame 1200: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1186:Centre Street 1183: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1139: 1135: 1132: 1127: 1121: 1114: 1080: 1078: 1073: 1067: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1038: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 989:A. Oakey Hall 985: 983: 979: 974: 965: 961: 959: 955: 951: 946: 942: 938: 934: 929: 927: 923: 918: 913: 909: 899: 895: 893: 889: 884: 874: 872: 871:lattice truss 866: 864: 858: 856: 841: 829: 820: 818: 807: 805: 799: 797: 793: 789: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 760: 751: 747: 745: 740: 738: 728: 726: 722: 713: 704: 702: 698: 694: 689: 686: 679:Southern wing 676: 668: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 649: 644: 640: 636: 632: 626: 624: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 518: 514: 512: 508: 504: 499: 498: 493: 489: 488: 483: 479: 477: 473: 469: 465: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 431:New Amsterdam 428: 423: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 384: 380: 379:Centre Street 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 326: 324: 319: 314: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 238: 234: 231:June 23, 1980 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 212:Added to NRHP 210: 205: 201: 194: 190: 183: 180: 177: 170: 167: 163: 160: 156: 150: 146: 141: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 86: 81: 77: 68: 63: 59: 54: 50: 45: 41: 36: 29: 25: 19: 7375: 7336:Delaney card 7306:Systems used 7161:Labor unions 7126:Cathie Black 6965:high schools 6891: 6740:Poughkeepsie 6668:New Rochelle 6568:St. Lawrence 6202: 6188:Worth Street 6146:Worth Street 6092:1 Pace Plaza 6066:Foley Square 6038:Other spaces 5887:287 Broadway 5882:280 Broadway 5812: 5731:Civic Center 5694:from Commons 5689: 5668: 5613:Architecture 5551: 5528: 5498: 5486: 5426: 5406: 5385: 5371: 5349: 5322: 5311: 5277: 5266: 5251: 5222: 5176: 5153:September 3, 5151:. 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Retrieved 4033: 4010:February 22, 4008:. Retrieved 3996: 3987: 3975:. Retrieved 3963: 3953: 3941:. Retrieved 3929: 3902:. Retrieved 3884: 3872:. Retrieved 3860: 3847: 3835:. Retrieved 3831:the original 3821: 3809: 3797:. Retrieved 3785: 3773: 3761:. Retrieved 3749: 3737: 3725:. Retrieved 3713: 3700: 3688:. Retrieved 3676: 3664: 3652:. Retrieved 3635: 3604: 3592: 3565:. Retrieved 3560: 3553: 3541: 3510: 3498:. Retrieved 3491: 3462:. Retrieved 3456: 3450: 3433: 3428: 3416:. Retrieved 3399: 3389: 3377: 3365:. Retrieved 3353: 3341: 3324: 3303: 3276: 3264: 3252:. Retrieved 3240: 3228: 3216: 3211:, p. 4. 3187:. Retrieved 3170: 3158: 3146:. Retrieved 3134: 3122: 3110: 3098:. Retrieved 3086: 3074: 3062:. Retrieved 3057: 3033:. Retrieved 3021: 3009: 2997:. Retrieved 2985: 2908:. Retrieved 2896: 2869: 2857:. Retrieved 2840: 2828: 2816: 2804: 2799:, p. 3. 2784:, p. 3. 2764: 2753:November 30, 2751:. Retrieved 2745: 2705: 2700: 2695:, p. 6. 2665: 2653: 2599:. Retrieved 2582: 2541:. Retrieved 2524: 2424: 2353: 2333: 2328:, p. 5. 2216:(1): 15–21. 2213: 2209:APT Bulletin 2207: 2186:. Retrieved 2172: 2109:, p. 2. 2087: 2075: 2070:, p. 8. 2048:. Retrieved 2036: 2007:. Retrieved 2002: 1993: 1965: 1956: 1951:, p. 9. 1846: 1830: 1803:. Retrieved 1784: 1745: 1733: 1728:, p. 5. 1696: 1676:, p. 2. 1613:. Retrieved 1585:. Retrieved 1576: 1557:, p. 1. 1542:, p. 1. 1520:. Retrieved 1491:. Retrieved 1456:. Retrieved 1373: 1352: 1346: 1344: 1321: 1307: 1289: 1283: 1281: 1269: 1260: 1247: 1230: 1211: 1203:Preservation 1193:World War II 1190: 1178: 1153:Robert Moses 1145: 1136: 1130: 1123: 1117: 1094: 1088:19th century 1069: 1064: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1047:neoclassical 1043: 1014: 1008: 1004: 996: 986: 970: 957: 944: 930: 922:Albert Paine 917:embezzlement 905: 896: 892:petit juries 880: 867: 859: 851: 813: 800: 785: 765: 748: 741: 734: 718: 701:belt courses 690: 682: 673: 646: 627: 623:sash windows 619: 600:with a high 555: 528: 495: 491: 485: 480: 475: 460: 457:Architecture 424: 388:280 Broadway 359:Civic Center 356: 327: 315: 283:Tammany Hall 263:Civic Center 250: 246: 244: 223:May 11, 1976 191:06101.000065 185:NYSRHP 18: 7217:Legal cases 7146:(1995–1999) 7140:(2000–2002) 7134:(2002–2010) 7122:(2011–2013) 7116:(2014–2018) 7110:(2018–2021) 7088:Chancellors 6963:Specialized 6769:Other lists 6618:Westchester 6548:Schenectady 6343:Cattaraugus 6097:41 Park Row 6060:Five Points 6020:The Rotunda 5980:Astor House 5872:49 Chambers 5044:February 7, 4481:. p. 5 4228:Stone World 3597:Miller 1872 3546:Callow 1981 3515:Linton 1871 3496:. p. 4 3254:January 27, 3148:January 27, 3064:January 27, 2874:Callow 1981 2821:Callow 1981 2646:Robins 1984 2563:Robins 1984 2496:Robins 1984 2479:Robins 1984 2346:Dunlap 1986 2174:Common Bond 1986:Condit 1960 1878:Robins 1984 1851:Stokes 1915 1835:Stokes 1915 1738:Stokes 1915 1606:"NYCityMap" 1555:Robins 1984 1318:East Harlem 1077:liabilities 1001:Thomas Nast 933:cornerstone 804:plate glass 781:Renaissance 661:entablature 643:window sill 631:colonnettes 482:John Kellum 392:49 Chambers 318:John Kellum 277:interiors. 162:John Kellum 135: / 111:Coordinates 7393:Categories 7132:Joel Klein 6608:Washington 6528:Rensselaer 6463:Montgomery 6448:Livingston 6353:Chautauqua 5475:(Report). 5459:(Report). 5208:(Report). 3296:Paine 1904 3269:Paine 1904 2809:Paine 1904 2188:August 15, 1414:References 1097:BOSS TWEED 1032:Completion 973:commission 883:brownstone 725:baseboards 657:architrave 594:balustrade 547:rusticated 497:ex officio 468:foundation 418:, and the 394:, and the 255:courthouse 202:1121, 1437 196:NYCL 123:74°00′20″W 120:40°42′48″N 7265:Sponsored 7144:Rudy Crew 7020:Manhattan 6974:The Bronx 6750:Rochester 6745:Rhinebeck 6735:Peekskill 6696:Manhattan 6553:Schoharie 6433:Jefferson 6316:by county 6203:See also: 6140:City Hall 6135:City Hall 6113:Transport 6080:Education 5985:Bridewell 5954:Tower 270 5848:buildings 5740:Manhattan 5148:0362-4331 5073:0362-4331 4962:amNewYork 4874:Chalkbeat 4842:0362-4331 4808:Gothamist 4777:0362-4331 4738:0362-4331 4699:City Room 4665:0362-4331 4626:0362-4331 4587:0362-4331 4548:0362-4331 4509:Gothamist 4455:279587407 4447:2574-5298 4407:0362-4331 4369:0362-4331 4330:0362-4331 4303:226677243 4265:0362-4331 4236:213596869 4179:0362-4331 4146:0362-4331 4110:0362-4331 4076:0362-4331 4042:0362-4331 4005:0362-4331 3972:0362-4331 3938:0362-4331 3874:April 15, 3869:0362-4331 3794:0362-4331 3758:0362-4331 3727:April 15, 3722:0362-4331 3685:0362-4331 3644:0362-4331 3418:April 15, 3408:0362-4331 3362:0362-4331 3249:0362-4331 3221:Mott 1941 3179:0362-4331 3143:0362-4331 3095:0362-4331 3030:0362-4331 2994:0362-4331 2905:0362-4331 2849:0362-4331 2591:0362-4331 2533:0362-4331 2045:0362-4331 1855:Hall 1910 1839:Hall 1910 1795:0362-4331 1615:March 20, 1419:Citations 1328:Phil Reed 796:elevators 792:banisters 777:balusters 769:mezzanine 744:palmettes 659:trim. An 653:sash bars 602:tholobate 586:pilasters 582:pediments 535:elevation 464:mezzanine 443:almshouse 412:Tower 270 363:Manhattan 311:City Hall 307:Manhattan 267:Manhattan 158:Architect 153:1877–1881 151:1861–1872 104:Manhattan 6997:Brooklyn 6809:Category 6755:Syracuse 6681:Brooklyn 6628:Southern 6623:Northern 6593:Tompkins 6583:Sullivan 6558:Schuyler 6543:Saratoga 6538:Rockland 6488:Onondaga 6428:Herkimer 6423:Hamilton 6403:Franklin 6388:Dutchess 6383:Delaware 6378:Cortland 6373:Columbia 6363:Chenango 6328:Allegany 6250:New York 6183:Park Row 6163:Broadway 6148:(former) 6142:(former) 6123:stations 6062:(former) 5519:40698653 5445:45730295 5302:20296118 5284:I.R. Dee 5197:57625621 4846:Archived 4781:Archived 4742:Archived 4703:Archived 4669:Archived 4630:Archived 4591:Archived 4552:Archived 4513:Archived 4451:ProQuest 4411:Archived 4373:Archived 4334:Archived 4299:ProQuest 4269:Archived 4232:ProQuest 3898:Archived 3837:July 29, 3648:Archived 3412:Archived 3183:Archived 2853:Archived 2767:series. 2595:Archived 2537:Archived 2179:Archived 1799:Archived 1587:March 8, 1581:Archived 1522:July 20, 1487:Archived 1458:March 8, 1449:Archived 1387:See also 993:kickback 707:Interior 697:foliated 610:Brooklyn 578:basement 470:made of 402:and the 383:Broadway 179:74001277 99:Location 6911:Schools 6760:Yonkers 6663:Buffalo 6651:by city 6635:Wyoming 6578:Suffolk 6573:Steuben 6503:Orleans 6493:Ontario 6478:Niagara 6453:Madison 6413:Genesee 6368:Clinton 6358:Chemung 6156:Streets 5661:Schools 5599:Portals 5378:. 1869. 5241:7576014 5166:Sources 4439:Newsday 4206:June 4, 2230:1504835 1323:Newsday 1233:Ed Koch 1095:This is 877:History 737:arcades 731:Rotunda 721:rotunda 639:cornice 558:palazzo 537:of the 531:portico 472:granite 451:Rotunda 261:in the 7258:Events 7154:Unions 7128:(2011) 7104:(2021) 7048:Queens 6686:Queens 6658:Albany 6603:Warren 6598:Ulster 6563:Seneca 6523:Queens 6518:Putnam 6513:Otsego 6508:Oswego 6498:Orange 6483:Oneida 6468:Nassau 6458:Monroe 6418:Greene 6408:Fulton 6348:Cayuga 6338:Broome 6323:Albany 6257:Topics 6121:Subway 5973:Former 5564: 5536: 5517: 5507: 5443: 5433: 5414: 5393: 5360: 5330: 5300: 5290: 5239: 5229: 5195: 5185: 5146: 5071: 4968:May 2, 4942:May 2, 4840: 4775: 4748:May 2, 4736: 4663: 4624: 4585: 4558:May 2, 4546: 4453: 4445: 4405: 4367: 4340:May 2, 4328: 4301: 4275:May 2, 4263: 4234: 4177: 4151:May 2, 4144: 4108: 4081:May 2, 4074: 4047:May 2, 4040: 4003: 3977:May 2, 3970: 3943:May 2, 3936: 3867: 3792: 3756: 3720: 3683: 3642: 3406: 3360: 3247: 3177: 3141: 3093: 3028: 2992: 2903: 2847: 2589: 2531: 2228: 2043: 1793: 1308:Mayor 1212:Mayor 1072:stocks 954:stucco 950:cupola 817:walnut 788:fluted 773:newels 693:ashlar 616:Facade 539:facade 414:, the 69: 7293:Sing! 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