17:
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discrimination against her white citizens. Following this ruling, Zimbabwe departed the SADC Tribunal and challenged its legitimacy. The 2010 SADC summit then ordered a review of the "functions and terms of reference of the SADC Tribunal", a step that a group of legal and human rights organizations
80:
237:, was housed in the Turnhalle building in Windhoek. Although established on paper since 1992, members of the Tribunal were only appointed during the SADC Summit in 2005. On 18 November 2005 the Tribunal was inaugurated and the members were sworn in by
110:
Soon the building grew too small for its purpose. A double-storey extension was appended on the western side of the building during the years of 1912 and 1913. The date inscription above the main entrance refers to this extension. Architect
102:
On 6 March 1909, the foundation for a 22 m x 14 m gymnasium with high ceilings and a street-facing gable was laid. The
Turnhalle building was inaugurated nine months later on 11 December 1909. The neo-classicist building of
280:
described as "virtually suspending" this inter-regional court. The
Tribunal at that time had only four of ten judges appointed and did not accept nor hear any cases. SADC disbanded the Tribunal in 2012.
135:
troops. After a stage was added, the building was also used for theatre performances and cinema. After
Namibian independence in 1990, the Turnhalle was used as a conference venue, and for the
252:
Before the first case was heard by the
Tribunal, the Turnhalle burned down on 18 January 2007. The court room was completely destroyed. Reconstruction work started in November 2007.
257:
104:
745:
112:
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216:
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107:
was regarded as "the most beautiful building in the northern part of town", and it was the first timber-girdered roof structure in the German colony.
99:, was founded in 1899. Exercise and practice took place where the Turnhalle stands today. A temporary corrugated iron structure was erected in 1905.
750:
180:
Sponsored by the South
African government, the Turnhalle Conference laid the framework for the government of South West Africa from 1977 to
147:
court but burned down on 18 January 2007. It has been restored since then; the SADC Tribunal became operational in April of the same year.
701:
577:
192:(SWAPO) as the "sole legitimate representative" of Namibia's people. Consequently, SWAPO, as well as other political groups rejecting
343:
87:
Soon after the foundation of modern
Windhoek in October 1890, a posh suburb developed on the slope of the hill opposite the city's
597:
234:
68:
56:
612:
491:
392:
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207:(DTA) party was formed in 1977. It won the 1978 elections and formed an interim government. Also other smaller parties carry
127:
The
Turnhalle was used for school physical training and gymnastic competitions, as well as for recreational sports. During
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When in the 1970s the South
African administration came under increasing pressure to grant independence to the people of
156:
52:
212:
438:
321:
518:
185:
360:
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539:
654:
Seiler, John (December 1982). "South Africa in
Namibia: Persistence, Misperception, and Ultimate Failure".
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48:
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8:
51:, it has been through a variety of uses, most prominently as the venue for the 1975–1977
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Sweden and national liberation in
Southern Africa: Solidarity and assistance 1970-1994
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671:
582:
434:
388:
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162:
663:
559:
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598:"Communique of the 30th Jubilee Summit of the SADC Heads of State and Government"
349:. SW Radio Africa. 4 June 2009. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011.
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96:
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41:
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523:
472:[Chronology of Namibian History, 1977] (in German). klausdierks.com
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233:
From 2005 to 2012 the SADC Tribunal, the highest policy institution of the
166:
140:
132:
60:
562:. Southern African Legal Information Institute (SAFLII). 28 November 2008.
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from his land, and that farm seizures per Amendment 17 of the Zimbabwean
128:
578:"Mike Campbell dies at 78; white Zimbabwean challenged seizure of lands"
95:
club, a German gymnastics association influenced by the suggestions of
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193:
16:
600:. Republic of Namibia via TradeMark Southern Africa. 17 August 2010.
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Namibia During the Periods of Colonialism and Foreign Administration
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33:
170:
92:
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37:
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Namibia zu Zeiten des Kolonialismus und der Mandatsherrschaft
189:
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in their name in reference to the Turnhalle Conference. The
165:, it convened a conference tasked with the development of a
560:"Mike Campbell (Pvt) Ltd and Others v Republic of Zimbabwe"
261:
the Tribunal ruled in 2007 and 2008 that the government of
177:
after the venue where it was hosted between 1975 and 1977.
173:
under South African control. This conference was named the
258:
Mike Campbell (Pvt) Ltd and Others v Republic of Zimbabwe
184:
in 1990. The conference was held in defiance of the 1972
408:
632:"SADC Tribunal to pay N$ 10m in retrenchment packages"
115:
designed both parts of the building. Master architect
433:. Vol. 2. Nordic Africa Institute. p. 279.
55:, an attempt to quell armed resistance waged by the
312:"100 years Turnhalle • From gymnasium to Tribunal"
143:. Afterwards it was earmarked to accommodate the
732:
746:1909 establishments in German South West Africa
203:As a result of the Turnhalle Conference, the
470:"Chronologie der Geschichte Namibias, 1977"
372:
370:
200:rejected the conference and its proposals.
119:'s proposal was ignored for the extension.
741:Buildings and structures completed in 1909
662:(4). Cambridge University Press: 689–712.
494:. SADC Tribunal. p. 4. Archived from
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83:Turnhalle before its 1912/1913 extension
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15:
611:Weidlich, Brigitte (11 November 2010).
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336:
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190:South West Africa People's Organization
150:
733:
653:
552:
537:
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235:Southern African Development Community
69:Southern African Development Community
20:Windhoek's historic Turnhalle building
656:The Journal of Modern African Studies
572:
458:
387:] (in German). GRIN. p. 16.
63:occupation. The Turnhalle housed the
751:Buildings and structures in Windhoek
630:Mongudhi, Tileni (10 October 2013).
309:
538:Isaacs, Denver (29 November 2007).
175:Turnhalle Constitutional Conference
157:Turnhalle Constitutional Conference
57:People's Liberation Army of Namibia
53:Turnhalle Constitutional Conference
13:
590:
519:"Turnhalle gutted, fireman in ICU"
517:Isaacs, Denver (19 January 2007).
464:
344:"Zimbabwe Farm Test Case–Timeline"
310:Vogt, Andreas (18 December 2009).
213:Namibia Democratic Turnhalle Party
71:(SADC) until disbandment in 2012.
14:
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222:
623:
604:
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196:, did not participate, and the
186:United Nations General Assembly
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447:
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1:
647:
492:"SADC Tribunal Brief History"
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219:both formed part of the DTA.
205:Democratic Turnhalle Alliance
540:"Turnhalle rises from ashes"
454:BBC News - Timeline: Namibia
7:
255:In one of its first cases,
139:, until that body moved to
137:National Council of Namibia
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10:
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188:decision to recognise the
154:
40:. Built during the era of
668:10.1017/s0022278x00000306
359:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
29:
613:"SADC Tribunal in limbo"
377:Napierala, Nils (2010).
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243:Chief Justice of Namibia
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427:Sellström, Tor (2002).
265:could not evict farmer
105:Wilhelmine architecture
84:
21:
82:
19:
717:22.5606°S 17.08553°E
169:for a self-governed
151:Turnhalle Conference
713: /
417:, pp. 693–694.
32:) is a building in
722:-22.5606; 17.08553
217:Rehoboth DTA Party
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22:
756:Sport in Windhoek
583:Los Angeles Times
394:978-3-640-74284-4
163:South West Africa
49:South West Africa
36:, the capital of
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576:(8 April 2011).
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47:colonisation of
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42:Imperial Germany
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586:. Johannesburg.
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227:Main article:
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155:Main article:
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97:Turnvater Jahn
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500:. Retrieved
496:the original
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474:. Retrieved
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398:. Retrieved
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326:. Retrieved
322:the original
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273:amounted to
271:constitution
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182:independence
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167:constitution
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141:Tintenpalast
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91:. The first
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25:
23:
720: /
476:8 September
415:Seiler 1982
400:8 September
129:World War I
30:sports hall
735:Categories
708:17°05′08″E
705:22°33′38″S
648:Literature
284:References
113:Otto Busch
28:(English:
692:154396810
676:0022-278X
502:3 October
328:1 October
209:Turnhalle
194:apartheid
26:Turnhalle
355:cite web
276:de facto
263:Zimbabwe
215:and the
75:Erection
65:Tribunal
59:against
34:Windhoek
171:Namibia
93:Turners
38:Namibia
690:
684:160344
682:
674:
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391:
45:'s
688:S2CID
680:JSTOR
383:[
347:(PDF)
289:Notes
123:Usage
672:ISSN
504:2011
478:2011
435:ISBN
402:2011
389:ISBN
361:link
330:2011
24:The
664:doi
737::
686:.
678:.
670:.
660:20
658:.
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332:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
