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Ngāi Tūhoe

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439:, that to develop their local economy they needed good roads to the outside world. They donated some land for road rights of way. As early as 1906, Tūhoe had given land for roads and offered free labour to assist in the construction, but building arterial roads in the Ureweras had a low government priority. In the early 1900s traces of gold were found in the Ureweras and Rua Te Kanana tried to sell illegal mining rights to raise money. At the same time Rua wished to sell very large areas of land to the government to raise funds for his new Jerusalem, but despite having a petition signed by every Tūhoe adult, the government insisted that he stick to the law. 363: 371: 56: 280:. Initially, the Tūhoe had cooperated in tracking down the Hauhau leader and had taken him prisoner. The Tūhoe tried to use him as a bargaining chip but the government demanded Te Rau be handed over for trial. After the Tūhoe released him, Te Rau hid in the Ureweras. As punishment, in 1866 the government confiscated 5700ha or about 7% of Tūhoe land on its northern coastal border. The confiscated Tūhoe land adjoined the land confiscated from 461:
Mountain (a Ringatu stronghold) "would be a social success if undertaken". The report pointed out that the venture would probably fail if Tūhoe were required to pay back both the interest and the capital. In 1937, after several other studies, the government decided that it was uneconomic to invest in roads or settlements. By this time, the isolated Maungapohatu settlement had collapsed anyway.
420:. Rua was held, at first, on a nine months sentence imposed for the 1915 charges and now increased by his default of fines. After a trial on sedition which lasted 47 days, New Zealand's longest until 1977, he was found not guilty; but sentenced to one year's imprisonment for resisting the police. 452:
describing the gradient as "one in nothing". Coates knew that by this time, Tūhoe refused to make any contribution to the road at all. The mountainous terrain was daunting for farming. Tūhoe could not accumulate any capital to develop land they had cleared from 1907. Instead they sold all their sheep
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Old enemies of Tūhoe fought on the side of the government; they carried out most of the raids into Te Urewera during a prolonged and destructive search between 1869 and 1872. In a policy aimed at turning the tribe away from Te Kooti, a scorched earth campaign was unleashed against Tūhoe; people were
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and for their unbroken use of the Māori language, which 62% of them still speak (2018 figure). Of the Tūhoe people, estimated to number between 33,000 and 46,000, about 30 per cent still live on their tribal lands; most of the rest live in towns on the fringes of Te Urewera and in the larger North
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and Ruatāhuna. It understood that, like many New Zealanders in the Great Depression, Tūhoe had hard times. In 1934 a teacher wrote that "they have no money apart from what is given by government as Family Allowances and Old Age Pensions". A 1936 report noted that land development at Maungapohatu
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later publicly apologised for the actions of his officers during the raid, acknowledging they had set back relations between police and Tūhoe people: "We regret the hurt and stress caused to the community of Ruatoki and we will seek an appropriate way to repair the damage done to police-Maori
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excluded and titles determined instead by a commission comprising two Pākehā and five Tūhoe commissioners. In practice however, the Crown through a mixture of ineptitude and bad-faith "...totally failed to give effect to its promises in the UDNR Act; failed to act fairly, reasonably, and
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There was no violent resistance from Rua personally, but his supporters fought a brisk half-hour gun battle with the police in which two Māori, including Rua's son Toko, were killed and two wounded. Four constables were also wounded. Rua was arrested and transported to
315:. Te Kooti arrived in the area with a large group of escaped convicts, fully armed with modern weapons he had stolen from the ship he had hijacked. It is doubtful that the Tūhoe could have resisted his demands for sanctuary. Some Tūhoe joined his armed 555:
A final settlement was signed in June 2013, after being ratified by all Tūhoe members. Under the deal, Tūhoe received financial, commercial and cultural redress valued at approximately $ 170 million; an historical account and Crown apology; and the
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The Tūhoe population was always small and living conditions were poor. School records from the 1920s and 1930s show very high death rates, especially of children. 75% of those who died were people under 25. The main causes of death were
404:. So as not to alert the Maungapohatu village of their intention to spring an attack they did not wear their police uniforms till just before the raid. They were convinced that when they reached Maungapohatu there would be an ambush. 248:
in 1862 and persuaded them to take part in the rebellion against the government; he went against the wishes of some of the elders. Initially reluctant, the Tūhoe gave Rewi ammunition to back the rebellion. During a
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imprisoned and killed, their cultivations and homes destroyed, and stock killed or runoff. Through starvation, deprivation and atrocities at the hands of the government’s Māori forces, Tūhoe submitted to the Crown.
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band, but other Tūhoe told government forces of Te Kooti's whereabouts. Some joined the armed forces to hunt him down. Government forces punished those Tūhoe who supported Te Kooti during the manhunt.
338:, and after the events surrounding the hunt for him, Tūhoe isolated themselves, closing off access to their lands by refusing to sell, lease or survey them, and blocking the building of roads. 1050: 532:
were set up between Ruatoki and Taneatua by armed police, who searched and questioned everyone who passed through, including a school bus, and locals said they felt intimidated.
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describes the Urewera as one of the last zones of Māori autonomy, and the scene of the last case of armed Māori resistance: the 1916 New Zealand Police raid to arrest the Tūhoe
396:. Because Rua's village was so remote, the police had to take a lot of equipment and camped on the way. They moved like a small army with wagons and pack-horses, and included 963: 1238: 176:, the inner sanctum of the Urewera, as their sacred mountain. The Tūhoe country had a great reputation among the neighbouring tribes as a graveyard for invading forces. 1217: 349:
negotiated the 1896 "Urewera District Native Reserve Act" (UDNR). It provided for Tūhoe self-government through a General Committee and local committees, with the
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review found "...police searches, vehicle stops, roadblocks and photographs taken in Tuhoe country on October 15, 2007, unlawful, unjustified and unreasonable."
1264: 168:. Tūhoe traditionally relied on the forest for their needs. The tribe had its main centres of population in the small mountain valleys of Ahikereru and 428:
Significant European penetration did not occur in the Urewera district until the 20th century. A road was built by the government from Rotorua to
848: 766: 211:, debates, sports competitions, and fashion shows. The event provides an important opportunity to maintain ties with friends and relatives. 528:
There was a major armed-police raid in the Ureweras on 15 October 2007 amid claims that some Tūhoe had run terrorist training-camps there.
446:, Minister of Public Works, went to the area to check its suitability for a railway and to discuss roads. The land was very steep with the 493:
From the late 1990s, some Tūhoe started identifying as the "Tūhoe nation", and emphasising widespread Tūhoe rejection of what they call
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The Tūhoe continue to maintain camps in Te Urewera and help run conservation programmes for endangered birds, such as the
1088: 1028: 1152: 1111: 633: 2098: 989: 940: 412:, his hair and beard removed. From Rotorua, with six other Māori prisoners including Whatu, Rua was transferred to 1965: 674: 1980: 1955: 1163: 1446: 907: 879: 523: 292:
took the Tūhoe's only substantial flat, fertile land, which also provided their only access to the coast for
257:, a translator, was shot in the shoulder by a Tūhoe warrior. Nearly all the Tūhoe at the battle were killed. 2210: 2205: 1970: 1778: 1285: 754: 1713: 1680: 1575: 1431: 2135: 188:, Ngāti Rongo, Ngāti Tāwhaki, Tamakaimoana, Ngāti Whare, Te Whānau Pani, Ngāti Hinekura and Patuheuheu. 2265: 2170: 1642: 1585: 1239:"Tūhoe-Crown settlement – Tūhoe Claims Settlement Act 2014; Te Urewera report of the Waitangi Tribunal" 595:
are traditionally associated with Ngāti Koura: Otenuku and Te Papakainga. Otenuku marae is the site of
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On 2 April 1916 a 70-strong, and heavily armed, police party arrived at Maungapohatu to arrest him for
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relations. History tells us that episodes such as this can and do take decades to heal." A 2013
1116: 884: 827: 679: 397: 254: 1922: 1748: 490:. Between 1924 and 1936, the Depression period, 57 people died in a community of 30 families. 196: 1800: 733: 300:). The Tūhoe people retained only interior, more difficult land, setting the scene for later 201: 17: 1590: 2012: 1932: 289: 1905: 1788: 1490: 1463: 354:
honourably...and failed to protect the Treaty rights of all the peoples of Te Urewera..."
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rule. It has been argued that because no Tūhoe or Tūhoe representative ever signed the
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with Gillian Chaplin and Craig Wallace. Oxford University Press, 1979), pages 119-124)
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Island cities. At least 5,000 live in Australia. Subtribes of Tūhoe include
2345: 2341: 1436: 1342: 767:"Te Urewera, Part III: From self-governing native reserve to national park" 588: 539: 335: 269: 173: 161: 2260: 2215: 2199: 2164: 2143: 2120: 2103: 2093: 2027: 1835: 1560: 1258: 432:
in 1901 to end the isolation of Tūhoe by opening up the first motor road.
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of New Zealand. It takes its name from an ancestral figure, Tūhoe-pōtiki.
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and cattle to pay for legal costs. These debts were not paid until 1931.
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Mihaia : the prophet Rua Kenana and his community at Maungapohatu (
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Tūhoe people have a reputation for their continued strong adherence to
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In the early 1930s the government helped develop Tūhoe land at both
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word meaning 'steep' or 'high noon'. Tūhoe people also bear the
1600: 1253: 1112:"Why terror law failed in face of 'very disturbing activities'" 301: 265: 260:
The following year authorities accused the Tūhoe of sheltering
199:. Many Tūhoe return to their homelands every two years for the 599:, a cemetery in which many tribal chiefs of Tūhoe are buried. 99: 592: 1206:"Crown offer to settle the historical claims of Ngāi Tūhoe" 579: 152:('the children of the mist'). Tūhoe traditional land is at 507: 134: 43: 224:
Tūhoe had little direct contact with the early European
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Catherine Masters and Patrick Gower (20 October 2007).
311:, a fugitive who had escaped from imprisonment on the 1110:
Claire Trevett and Alanah Eriksen (9 November 2007).
849:""Claims of Maori separatist plot begin to unravel", 816: 814: 1265:
Tuhoe and their history in Te Urewera National Park
464: 1103: 871: 811: 514:in 2002, with submissions accepted up until 2005. 244:, who had some tribal links to Tūhoe, visited the 1153:"Urewera police actions 'unlawful, unreasonable'" 666: 325:, the Online Encyclopedia of New Zealand, notes: 2356: 964:"Police fail to appease Tuhoe leaders over raid" 435:Tūhoe did eventually realise, especially in the 341:Twenty years later, Te Urewera leaders, Premier 253:in the Battle of Orakau, under a flag of truce, 164:, a steep, heavily forested area which includes 877: 1164:"Crown and Ngāi Tuhoe sign deed of settlement" 726: 1286: 787: 2340:‡ Tribes that are located in both the 672: 623: 228:. The first major contact occurred when the 1051:"Rally Against Alleged Police Intimidation" 933:"Siege leaves community in fear – Maori MP" 1293: 1279: 307:In 1868, Tūhoe sheltered the Māori leader 54: 1261:, Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 757:, Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 707: 705: 703: 701: 699: 697: 1300: 619: 617: 615: 613: 611: 535:No terrorism charges were laid, and the 503:, they never gave up their sovereignty. 369: 361: 1961:Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Whanganui-a-Orotu 1177:"Govt and Tuhoe sign $ 170m settlement" 722: 720: 14: 2357: 1013: 694: 675:"Q & A: Who are the Tuhoe people?" 550: 366:The settlement of Maungapohatu in 1908 1274: 1218:"Tuhoe's plans for $ 170M settlement" 1031:from the original on 12 November 2007 982: 908:"Valley locked down after dawn raids" 905: 608: 121: 2182:Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika 1571:Ngāti Porou ki Harataunga ki Mataora 1091:from the original on 18 October 2007 943:from the original on 17 October 2007 878:Trevett, Claire (14 November 2007). 779:"Three Veteran Journalists Retire". 717: 714:. J. Binney. Bridget Williams. 2010. 423: 517: 357: 24: 1976:Ngāti Kahungunu ki Tamakinui a Rua 1372:Ngāpuhi / Ngāti Kahu ki Whaingaroa 990:"Anger mounts at police terror op" 727:Laugesen, Ruth (21 October 2007). 25: 2376: 1247: 1081:"Police keep presence in Ruatoki" 1057:. 19 October 2007. Archived from 996:. 19 October 2007. Archived from 966:. 17 October 2007. Archived from 906:Rowan, Juliet (16 October 2007). 567: 510:brought the Urewera claim to the 268:wanted for killing and beheading 205:(Tūhoe Festival), which features 1224:. March 20, 2013. Archived from 1183:. March 22, 2013. Archived from 1021:"Hundreds protest weapons raids" 769:, November 2012 Māori Law Review 673:Ihaka, James (18 October 2007). 465:Late 20th and early 21st century 374:Tūhoe prophet Rua Kenana in 1908 334:Te Kooti himself escaped to the 27:Māori iwi (tribe) in New Zealand 1241:, October 2014 Māori Law Review 1232: 1210: 1199: 1169: 1157: 1146: 1131: 1073: 1043: 956: 925: 899: 880:"Raids hikoi due at Parliament" 841: 798: 219: 772: 760: 748: 642: 572: 345:, and Native Affairs Minister 13: 1: 1966:Ngāti Kahungunu ki Heretaunga 602: 524:2007 New Zealand police raids 1981:Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa 1956:Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Wairoa 7: 284:rebels after the battle of 232:fought against the settler 10: 2381: 2206:Te Atiawa o Te Waka-a-Māui 2171:Te Atiawa ki Whakarongotai 1971:Ngāti Kahungunu ki Tamatea 1166:, 4 June 2013, The Beehive 1143:website, 18 December 2007. 781:The New Zealand Journalist 729:"A Brief History of Tūhoe" 583:(subtribe) in the eastern 521: 214: 2338: 2304: 2281: 2251: 2190: 2134: 2099:Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi 2047: 1941: 1896: 1826: 1704: 1671: 1599: 1514: 1390: 1308: 276:, in what was called the 274:Church Missionary Society 126:), often known simply as 94: 86: 72: 62: 53: 42: 37: 823:"Guerrillas in the mist" 158:Te Urewera National Park 32:Māori iwi in New Zealand 2111:Te Korowai o Wainuiārua 1333:Ngāti Kahu ki Whangaroa 1055:Radio NZ Morning Report 560:of a new legal entity, 193:North Island brown kiwi 1576:Ngāti Pūkenga ki Waiau 1432:Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara 1117:The New Zealand Herald 885:The New Zealand Herald 828:The New Zealand Herald 680:The New Zealand Herald 506:Tūhoe and other local 375: 367: 332: 272:, a missionary of the 150:Nga Tamariki o te Kohu 123:[ˈŋaːiˈtʉːhɔɛ] 2211:Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō 1779:Ngāti Kea Ngāti Tuarā 1643:Ngāti Korokī Kahukura 1586:Ngāti Rāhiri Tumutumu 734:The Sunday Star-Times 624:James Belich (1986). 416:and sent directly to 373: 365: 327: 202:Te Hui Ahurei ā Tūhoe 2001:Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti 1996:Maungaharuru Tangitū 1986:Ngāti Rongomaiwahine 1474:Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua 1302:List of iwi and hapū 626:The New Zealand Wars 591:of New Zealand. Two 347:Timi (James) Carroll 119:Māori pronunciation: 1923:Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki 1916:Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti 1749:Ngāti Rangiteaorere 1447:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei 1087:. 17 October 2007. 1027:. 19 October 2007. 1000:on October 20, 2007 970:on 12 February 2012 939:. 15 October 2007. 859:on October 25, 2007 853:, October 23, 2007" 712:Stories without End 551:Waitangi settlement 537:Police Commissioner 472:infectious diseases 197:North Island kōkako 2243:Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri 2136:Te Moana o Raukawa 2023:Heretaunga Tamatea 1868:Te Whānau-ā-Apanui 1806:Ngāti Tūrangitukua 1591:Ngāti Tara Tokanui 1581:Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki 1501:Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki 1228:on April 13, 2013. 1141:New Zealand Police 1061:on 25 October 2007 912:New Zealand Herald 851:London Independent 501:Treaty of Waitangi 449:Poverty Bay Herald 398:New Zealand Herald 376: 368: 2352: 2351: 1906:Ngāriki Kaiputahi 1789:Ngāti Rangiwewehi 1491:Te Kawerau ā Maki 1464:Te Ākitai Waiohua 1267:, radiolive.co.nz 1254:Tūhoe iwi website 577:Ngāti Koura is a 512:Waitangi Tribunal 424:Twentieth century 418:Mount Eden prison 351:Native Land Court 166:Lake Waikaremoana 160:) in the eastern 112: 111: 16:(Redirected from 2372: 1991:Ngāti Rakaipaaka 1801:Ngāti Tūwharetoa 1631:Ngāti Paretekawa 1295: 1288: 1281: 1272: 1271: 1242: 1236: 1230: 1229: 1214: 1208: 1203: 1197: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1150: 1144: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1017: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1005: 986: 980: 979: 977: 975: 960: 954: 952: 950: 948: 929: 923: 922: 920: 918: 903: 897: 896: 894: 892: 875: 869: 868: 866: 864: 855:. 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Penguin. 573:Ngāti Koura 186:Ngāti Koura 46:(tribe) in 2365:Ngāi Tūhoe 2319:(Auckland) 2271:Kāti Māmoe 2253:Waipounamu 2237:Ngāti Tama 2222:Ngāti Kuia 2192:Te Tau Ihu 2176:Te Āti Awa 2084:Ngāruahine 2079:Ngāti Maru 2068:Te Āti Awa 2057:Ngāti Tama 1873:Ngāi Tūhoe 1851:Whakatōhea 1811:Ngāti Hotu 1774:Ngāti Tahu 1759:Tūhourangi 1706:Arawa Waka 1648:Ngāti Hauā 1556:Ngāti Hako 1534:Ngāti Pāoa 1529:Ngāti Maru 1459:Te Waiohua 1410:Ngāti Pāoa 1405:Ngāti Maru 1365:Ngāti Hine 1338:Ngāti Kurī 1328:Ngāti Kahu 1323:Te Aupōuri 1318:Muriwhenua 1259:Ngāi Tūhoe 1123:30 October 1095:17 October 1065:18 October 1035:20 October 1004:18 October 974:17 October 947:17 October 917:16 October 891:30 October 834:2017-08-24 740:30 October 686:30 October 659:2023-02-01 603:References 597:Te Tapuwae 562:Te Urewera 530:Roadblocks 474:, such as 387:Rua Kenana 378:Historian 251:cease-fire 234:government 154:Te Urewera 115:Ngāi Tūhoe 102:.ngaituhoe 87:Population 67:Te Urewera 38:Ngāi Tūhoe 2261:Ngāi Tahu 2216:Rangitāne 2200:Ngāti Toa 2165:Ngāti Toa 2144:Rangitāne 2121:Ngāti Apa 2104:Ngāti Hau 2094:Ngā Rauru 2028:Rangitāne 2008:Te Wairoa 1836:Ngāti Awa 1561:Ngāti Hei 1524:Marutūāhu 1400:Marutūāhu 1348:Te Rarawa 1222:3 News NZ 1191:March 22, 1181:3 News NZ 476:influenza 430:Ruatāhuna 294:kai moana 240:in 1864. 208:kapa haka 170:Ruatāhuna 147:sobriquet 2359:Category 2331:(London) 2150:Muaūpoko 2074:Taranaki 1943:Tākitimu 1828:Mātaatua 1739:Te Arawa 1658:Pouākani 1442:Te Roroa 1377:Ngātiwai 1089:Archived 1029:Archived 941:Archived 654:Te Whata 414:Auckland 394:sedition 309:Te Kooti 298:sea food 226:settlers 195:and the 81:Nukutere 77:Mātaatua 48:Māoridom 2296:Moriori 2266:Waitaha 2049:Hauāuru 1863:Ngāitai 1734:Tapuika 1663:Rereahu 1516:Hauraki 1481:Ngā Oho 1452:Te Taoū 1360:Ngāpuhi 1343:Te Pātū 587:in the 458:Ruatoki 410:Rotorua 384:prophet 317:Ringatū 302:famines 286:Gate Pā 246:Urewera 236:in the 215:History 172:, with 130:, is a 95:Website 2283:Rēkohu 1601:Tainui 1392:Tāmaki 632:  496:Pākehā 343:Seddon 322:Te Ara 288:. The 266:Hauhau 90:34,890 2342:North 2305:Other 593:marae 290:Crown 141:is a 139:Tūhoe 132:Māori 128:Tūhoe 18:Tuhoe 2344:and 1193:2013 1125:2011 1097:2007 1085:TVNZ 1067:2007 1037:2007 1025:TVNZ 1006:2007 976:2007 949:2007 919:2007 893:2011 865:2007 742:2011 688:2011 630:ISBN 580:hapu 545:IPCA 486:and 264:, a 104:.iwi 508:iwi 230:iwi 135:iwi 106:.nz 100:www 44:Iwi 2361:: 1220:. 1179:. 1114:. 1083:. 1053:. 1023:. 1010:() 992:. 953:() 935:. 910:. 882:. 825:. 813:^ 731:. 719:^ 696:^ 677:. 652:. 610:^ 482:, 478:, 389:. 304:. 79:, 2239:‡ 2218:‡ 2202:‡ 2178:‡ 2167:‡ 2146:‡ 2070:‡ 2059:‡ 2030:‡ 1294:e 1287:t 1280:v 1195:. 1127:. 1099:. 1069:. 1039:. 1008:. 978:. 951:. 921:. 895:. 867:. 837:. 744:. 690:. 662:. 638:. 296:( 117:( 20:)

Index

Tuhoe
Iwi
Māoridom

Te Urewera
Mātaatua
Nukutere
www.ngaituhoe.iwi.nz
[ˈŋaːiˈtʉːhɔɛ]
Māori
iwi
Māori-language
sobriquet
Te Urewera
Te Urewera National Park
North Island
Lake Waikaremoana
Ruatāhuna
Maungapohatu
Māori identity
Ngāti Koura
North Island brown kiwi
North Island kōkako
Te Hui Ahurei ā Tūhoe
kapa haka
settlers
government
battle of Ōrākau
Rewi Maniapoto
Urewera

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