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practically abandoned, sent no delegate. Sixteen representatives met in
Savannah on January 14, 1751, and elected Francis Harris speaker. Most of the resolutions concerned improving trade. The delegates showed maturity in requesting the right to enact local legislation, and they opposed any annexation effort on the part of South Carolina. The Trustees intended to permit further assemblies, but the failure of Parliament to vote a subsidy in 1751 caused the Trustees to enter into negotiations to turn the colony over to the government a year before the charter expired. Only four members of the Trust attended the last meeting on June 23, 1752, and of the original Trustees only James Vernon persevered to the end.
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Georgia, William
Stephens. A committee went through the motions of looking into the complaints and then exonerated the Trustees. Stephens was made to kneel in apology on the floor of Parliament. However, the prestige of the Trustees had been wounded, and their influence in Parliament weakened. Walpole lost office in 1742, and the new administration declined the Trustees' request for funding. Egmont resigned in protest, but not all the Trustees gave up. Under the leadership of Vernon and Shaftesbury, the Trustees conciliated the administration, and the government renewed the annual subsidies until 1751, when the Trustees' request was again denied.
199:, yet there was no provision for the essential right of local government. Religious liberty was guaranteed, except for Roman Catholicism and Judaism. A group of Jews landed in Georgia without explicit permission in 1733 but were allowed to remain. The charter created a corporate body called a Trust and provided for an unspecified number of Trustees who would govern the colony from England. Seventy-one men served as Trustees during the life of the Trust. Trustees were forbidden by the charter from holding office or land in Georgia, nor were they paid. Presumably, their motives for serving were humanitarian, and their motto was
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203:("Not for self, but for others"). The charter provided that the body of Trustees elect fifteen members to serve as an executive committee called the Common Council, and specified a quorum of eight to transact business. As time went on, the council frequently lacked a quorum; those present would then assume the status of the whole body of Trustees, a pragmatic solution not envisioned by the framers of the charter. Historian John McCain counted 215 meetings of the Common Council and 512 meetings of the corporation.
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the body of
Trustees. Shaftesbury, a political opponent of Walpole, joined the Common Council in 1733 and, except for a brief resignation, remained faithful to the end. He led the negotiations to convert Georgia to a royal colony. For the entire twenty years the Trustees employed only two staff members, Benjamin Martyn as secretary and Harman Verelst as accountant.
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governor because the king in council had to approve the appointment of governors, and the
Trustees preferred to keep control in their hands. After Egmont's retirement in 1742, Vernon became the indispensable man. He missed only 4 of 114 meetings during the last nine years of the Trust and supervised the removal of restrictions on
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at the headwaters of the
Savannah River in Indian country. Both places were garrisoned by troops. In 1737 Oglethorpe returned to England to demand a regiment of regulars from a reluctant Walpole. Not only did he get his regiment and a commission as colonel, but Egmont persuaded Walpole to pay for all
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Twelve
Trustees attended the first meeting on July 20, 1732, at the Georgia office in the Old Palace Yard, conveniently close to Westminster. Committees were named to solicit contributions and interview applicants to the new colony. On November 17, 1732, seven Trustees bade farewell to Oglethorpe and
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tribesmen. The
Indians were regarded as celebrities, feted by the Trustees, interviewed by the king and queen, entertained by the archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth Palace, and made available to meet the public. All but two of them posed with a large number of Trustees at the Georgia office for the
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Other
Trustees contributed according to their abilities. Henry L'Apostre advised on finances, Samuel Smith on religion, and Thomas Tower on legal matters, particularly on instructions to Georgia officials. Stephen Hales's closeness to the royal family and his standing as a scientist lent prestige to
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The earl of
Halifax, the new president of the Board of Trade, secured broader powers and infused new life into the administration of the board. He regretted that the colonies had been neglected for so long, and he intended to make Georgia a model colony and an example to others. Thus Georgia passed
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He differed from Egmont and
Oglethorpe in his willingness to respond to the colonists' complaints. When Oglethorpe became preoccupied with the Spanish war, Vernon proposed the plan of dividing the colony into two provinces, Savannah and Frederica, each with a president and magistrates. The Trustees
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Oglethorpe returned from Georgia in 1743 and never again showed the same enthusiasm for the work of the Trust. He disagreed with the relaxation of the ban on rum in 1742 and with the admission of slavery in 1750. He engaged in an unfortunate argument with the Trustees over expenses. The accountant
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outlawed slavery in Georgia. South Carolina protested the Indian act vehemently and objected to the Trustees' order to restrict the passage of rum on the Savannah River. The Board of Trade sided with South Carolina, and a compromise was reached, allowing traders with Carolina licenses to continue
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Egmont, the first president of the Common Council and the dominant figure among the Trustees until his retirement, acted as Georgia's champion in Parliament. He strongly opposed Walpole's attempts to conciliate Spain at the expense of Georgia. He had to walk a careful line, however, because the
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Continual complaints by the colonists and the near abandonment of Georgia during the war with Spain discouraged all but the most dedicated of the Trustees. Especially embarrassing was the list of grievances presented on the floor of Parliament by Thomas Stephens, son of the Trustees' agent in
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president in Savannah, and he served until 1751, when he was replaced by Henry Parker in the final year of the Trust's tenure. Oglethorpe neglected to name a president for Frederica, and the magistrates there were instructed to report to Stephens. The Trustees did not want to appoint a single
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In March 1750 the Trustees called upon Georgians to elect delegates to the first representative assembly but cautioned them only to advise the Trustees, not to legislate. Augusta and Ebenezer each had two delegates, Savannah had four, and every other town and village had one. Frederica, now
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In 1735, the Trustees proposed three pieces of legislation to the Privy Council and had the satisfaction of securing the concurrence of king and council. An Indian act required Georgia licenses for trading west of the Savannah River. Another act banned the use of rum in Georgia.
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claimed that he owed the Trust £1,412 of funds used for military purposes for which he had been compensated. Oglethorpe countered that the Trustees owed him far more than that amount. No agreement was reached. Oglethorpe attended his last meeting on March 16, 1749.
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the first settlers as they left from Gravesend aboard the Anne. The Trustees succeeded in obtaining £10,000 from the government in 1733 and lesser amounts in subsequent years. Georgia was the only American colony that depended on Parliament's annual subsidies.
152:. Oglethorpe envisioned the province as a location for the resettlement of English debtors and " worthy poor", although few debtors were part of the organized settlement of Georgia. Another motivation for the founding of the colony was to create a "
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and French Mississippi. Oglethorpe envisioned a province populated largely by yeoman farmers who would secure the southern frontier of British America; because of this, as well as on moral grounds, the colony's regulations prohibited slavery.
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they opposed doing military duty and left Georgia by 1740. After delivering the Indians and Salzburgers to Georgia, Captain George Dunbar took his ship, the Prince of Wales, to Scotland. Dunbar and Hugh Mackay recruited 177
137:, for whom the colony was named, signed a charter establishing the colony and creating its governing board on July 7, 1732. His action culminated a lengthy process. Tomochichi was a Native American that resides along the
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the Georgia coast was effectively cleared of Indians, excepting a few villages of defeated Yamasee, who became known as the Yamacraw to distinguish them from the still-hostile Yamasee in Florida and among the Creek.
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their traditional trade west of the Savannah River. The Trustees objected to the Board of Trade's tampering and refrained from proposing any additional legislation requiring approval of the Privy Council.
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James Vernon, one of the original Associates of Dr. Bray and an architect of the charter, maintained an interest in Georgia throughout the life of the Trust. He arranged the
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on Georgia's southern boundary, the Altamaha. Dunbar subsequently served as Oglethorpe's aide in Georgia and in Oglethorpe's campaign against the Spanish in 1745.
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The most active members of the Trust, in terms of their attendance at council, corporation, or committee meetings, were, in order of frequency,
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Oglethorpe went to Georgia in 1736, with the approval of his fellow Trustees, to found two new settlements on the frontiers, Frederica on
226:), and then extending westward "to the south seas." The area within the charter had previously been part of the original grant of the
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550:, 28 vols. (vols. 1–26 reprinted, New York: AMS Press, 1970), (vols. 27–32 reprinted, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1977–89).
515:... the Savannah the Alatamaha, and westerly from the heads of the said rivers respectively, in direct lines to the south seas.
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279:. The number of meetings attended ranged from Vernon's 712 to Shaftesbury's 266. Sixty-one Trustees attended fewer meetings.
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The Journal of the Earl of Egmont: Abstract of the Trustees Proceedings for Establishing the Colony of Georgia, 1732–1738
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Negotiating for Georgia: British-Creek Relations in the Trustee Era, 1733–1752
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The charter contained contradictions. The colonists were entitled to all the
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province" that would defend the southern part of the British colonies from
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philosophy and drew from principles of Roman colonial town design.
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Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America
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Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America
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written by Edward J. Cashin of Augusta State University for the
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The original charter specified the colony as being between the
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is the name of the period covering the first twenty years of
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Georgia as a Proprietary Province: The Execution of a Trust
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Trustees depended upon Walpole for their annual subsidies.
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Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts
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that allowed Oglethorpe to settle on the Yamacraw Bluff.
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to join the forty-two families already in Georgia at
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Tomochichi with Georgia Trustees, by William Verelst
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Articles imported from the New Georgia Encyclopedia
168:Oglethorpe's plan for settlement (now known as the
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
585:(Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 2005).
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277:Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury
509:. Lillian Goldman Law Library. Archived from
578:(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1962).
548:The Colonial Records of the State of Georgia
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222:(the headwaters of the Altamaha are on the
562:James Edward Oglethorpe: Imperial Idealist
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
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564:(Oxford, Eng.: Clarendon Press, 1936).
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384:Salzburgers, Moravians and Highlanders
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352:. One of the absent Indians died of
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44:adding citations to reliable sources
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286:settlement and negotiated with the
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417:. In 1736 the Highlanders founded
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437:Trustee legislation and reactions
396:. In 1734 and 1735 two groups of
609:History of the Thirteen Colonies
604:Colonial United States (British)
503:"Charter of Georgia : 1732"
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546:Allen D. Candler et al., eds.,
144:The charter was granted to the
31:needs additional citations for
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571:(Boston: R. G. Badger, 1917).
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249:John Perceval, Earl of Egmont
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555:Colonial Georgia: A History
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323:Georgia Indians in London
560:Amos Aschbach Ettinger,
532:New Georgia Encyclopedia
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614:Province of Georgia
567:James Ross McCain,
507:avalon.law.yale.edu
459:End of Trustee rule
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180:The Georgia Charter
127:Province of Georgia
581:Julie Anne Sweet,
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444:A third act
407:Highlanders
390:Salzburgers
362:Westminster
358:Hans Sloane
345:Lower Creek
307:, rum, and
305:land tenure
232:Yamasee War
593:Categories
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284:Salzburger
220:headwaters
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212:Savannah
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309:slavery
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