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A constructive trespass occurs when a person who has permission to be on the land overstays their welcome. A person who stays in a business after its closing time, or who goes to a dinner party but refuses to leave long after the other guests have gone home, is a trespasser despite their initially
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In some regions of the world, a property owner may use reasonable (typically meaning non-deadly) force to prevent a person from trespassing on their land, or to expel a trespasser. However, a property owner may be restricted from expelling a trespasser if doing so would expose the trespasser to a
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The trespasser need not enter the land in person. Indeed, if A and B are standing next to C's land, and A pushes B onto the land without entering it himself, it is A (and not B, who did not intend to enter that space) who is liable for the trespass to C's land. There must be some physical entry,
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A warning sign at the entrance to the land is generally sufficient to warn trespassers of possible hazards on a property or land. However, a property owner is under no duty to ascertain hazards on his property for the benefit of trespassers, and cannot be held liable for failing to discover a
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Some jurisdictions extend additional protections to children who trespass on the properly of others. For example, if there is a potentially hazardous object or condition on the land that might be attractive to young children, the trespass may be deemed "anticipated" under the doctrine of
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on a property, that is, without the permission of the owner. Being present on land as a trespasser thereto creates liability in the trespasser, so long as the trespass is intentional. At the same time, the status of a visitor as a trespasser (as opposed to an
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For purposes of determining liability, the landowner's property rights extend above and below the land to as much distance as the landowner can beneficially use. Even a low-flying plane can trespass if it enters this usable space.
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proper presence. Furthermore, a guest's status as a trespasser arises as soon as they resist when the property owner tells them to leave the property. This is not a constructive trespass if the guest is unconscious.
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For injury claims by trespassers, the concept of traps was narrowly defined. More recently, courts in some jurisdictions have engaged in some creativity, adopting a broader interpretation of a trap.
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For example, a person walking in a public park who trips and rolls down a hill will not be liable for trespass just because the bottom of the hill is on private land.
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risk of serious injury. For example, a trespasser who takes shelter in a stranger's barn during a powerful storm cannot be expelled until the storm is over.
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duties owed by a property owner to a trespasser (for example, by explicitly permitting the property owner to use deadly force to expel trespassers).
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As a broad general rule, property owners owe few duties to trespassers to safeguard them from injuries that may occur on their property.
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however. Causing noise, light, odors, or smoke to enter the land of another is not a trespass, but is instead a different tort,
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In some jurisdictions an adult trespasser who is injured while on a defendant's property cannot sue under a theory of
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them of deadly conditions on the land which would be hidden to them, but of which the property owner is aware.
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trespasser, to whom the property owner owes only a duty not to "trap" or wilfully harm the trespasser.
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With respect to the duties owed to trespassers, there are two types of trespassers to consider:
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Many jurisdictions within the United States have passed statutes to modify or clarify the
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The tort of trespass to land requires an intentional physical invasion of the
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This article is about the legal concept of a trespasser. For other uses, see
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such that the child may be able to succeed with an injury claim.
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by the defendant or a refusal to leave when ordered to leave.
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previously unknown hazard that injures a trespasser.
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91:The examples and perspective in this article
317:Intentional infliction of emotional distress
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457:Negligent infliction of emotional distress
249:Learn how and when to remove this message
231:Learn how and when to remove this message
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
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911:Private attorney general
865:Other topics in tort law
493:Principles of negligence
422:Alienation of affections
1206:duty of common humanity
1124:of the property owner.
776:Volenti non fit injuria
601:Ultrahazardous activity
568:Contributory negligence
27:A person who trespasses
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794:Market share liability
727:Shopkeeper's privilege
705:Statute of limitations
548:Restitutio ad integrum
397:Intrusion on seclusion
292:Trespass to the person
1169:Constructive trespass
1128:Trespassing as a tort
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906:Conflict of tort laws
672:Tortious interference
427:Criminal conversation
414:Malicious prosecution
404:Breach of confidence
165:improve this article
111:create a new article
103:improve this article
93:may not represent a
1251:attractive nuisance
899:mixed legal systems
769:Respondeat superior
763:Vicarious liability
722:Defence of property
659:Insurance bad faith
573:Attractive nuisance
392:Invasion of privacy
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799:Transferred intent
690:Assumption of risk
654:Restraint of trade
630:Rylands v Fletcher
462:Employment-related
311:False imprisonment
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753:Last clear chance
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732:Neutral reportage
715:Defense of others
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596:Product liability
542:Res ipsa loquitur
529:Reasonable person
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502:Duty of care
264:Part of the
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180:"Trespasser"
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163:Please help
158:verification
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54:Please help
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1198:anticipated
1109:trespassing
873:Tort reform
507:Trespassers
472:Malpractice
467:Entrustment
387:False light
18:Trespassers
1316:Categories
1290:References
1267:common law
1243:explosives
1202:discovered
1122:negligence
1105:trespasser
982:common law
885:Quasi-tort
837:Injunction
830:Incidental
649:Conspiracy
374:Defamation
351:Conversion
266:common law
191:newspapers
57:improve it
1134:plaintiff
992:Contracts
932:Australia
740:Liability
700:Necessity
588:liability
512:Licensees
432:Seduction
119:June 2013
107:talk page
63:talk page
1332:Tort law
1273:See also
1159:nuisance
1118:licensee
1097:property
1007:Property
1002:Evidence
852:Replevin
820:Punitive
807:Remedies
681:Defences
615:Nuisance
586:absolute
517:Invitees
344:chattels
334:Trespass
274:Tort law
101:You may
1114:invitee
1087:In the
1020:estates
847:Detinue
842:Tracing
825:Special
815:Damages
695:Consent
482:medical
378:Slander
306:Battery
301:Assault
283:Outline
205:scholar
1099:, and
1018:, and
1016:trusts
980:Other
967:Taiwan
937:Canada
890:Delict
857:Trover
582:Strict
268:series
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1208:(See
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1012:Wills
984:areas
962:Japan
957:India
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667:Fraud
477:legal
381:Libel
212:JSTOR
198:books
109:, or
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897:and
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