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troops that had initially controlled the industrial southern provinces and within some months, won the war. The border question between Russia and
Finland remained unsettled after the war. Around 1,400-1,650 people died in the ranks of the Red troops, while between 7,000 and 10,000 people died within the White ones. In total, 37,000-38,500 people died as a result of the Civil War, and 76,000 prisoners - of which 100 were executed - were captured by the Whites in cooperation with the German forces. Casualties of Finnish Civil War were according to a Finnish Government project: Died in battle: "whites" 3,414, "reds" 5,199; Missing: whites 46, reds 1,767; Executed: whites 1,424, reds 7,370; Died in prison camps: whites 4, reds 11,652 - total deaths 36,640.
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918:, though it was meant that Finland continued to be a Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire. "The senate had suggested in 1863 that if the promise of handing over the weapons factory in question and its surrounding area to Russia could be realized, then the above mentioned coastal region could be given to Finland. In 1864 there were imperial statutes about that, but that never occurred." (translation from Finnish)
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460:, the voices questioning the legality and honor of dealing with the violently established Bolshevik government were also diminishing. Especially, the large, moderately socialist Social Democrat party was willing to finally normalize the relations with the greater neighboring state. Nevertheless, some nationalistic and rightist elements in
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began. In the war the revolutionary socialist militia known as the
Finnish Red Army clashed against the Finnish White forces, which were loyal to the legal (non-socialist) government. The government's forces, assisted by a division of regular German forces and Swedish volunteers, pushed back the Red
382:
This turbulent time in
Finnish and Russian politics influenced the events that led to the Treaty of Tartu. Prior to the Treaty of Tartu, Finnish political parties shifted their sovereign policies several times. In early 1917, the conservative party was split into two factions: The
473:. Some of those districts were annexed from Russia by Finnish military expeditions in 1918 shortly after Russian soviet government granted independence to Finland. In hindsight, the treaty was rather good to Finland, especially compared to the treaties made at the end of
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still considered the planned treaty as going too far, even shameful, by giving up some of the initial negotiation goals and shattering their ideals of a greater national state including also eastern territories settled from ancient times by Finnic
411:. The Bolsheviks became an ally to the Finnish social democrats as they shared common ideological ground. This changed the stance of the social democrats, leading them to become pro-Russian. Meanwhile, the Old Finns, in disagreement with the
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65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
415:
policies became pro-independence. During the
November 1917 election the coalition representing the pro-independence parties won the cabinet election and immediately moved to make Finland an independent nation with the
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However, the move for independence, Soviet support and general uncertainty and unrest in the society encouraged the militant left to attempt to duplicate the success of Russia's recent revolution, and soon after, the
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differed in this regard as they promoted the idea of an independent
Finland. The third major Finnish party were the leftist social-democrats. These social democrats also wanted to see an independent Finland.
768:
Raun, Toivo (1990). "Reviewed work: The Road to St. Petersburg: The
Finnish Party and the Policy of Its Leaders from the February Manifesto to the Peace Treaty of Tartu, 1899-1920, Hannu Salokorpi".
456:, even though their recent support for Red revolutionaries in Finland made the government very wary of the Bolsheviks. As other countries were now making similar treaties with Russia, such as
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Following the civil war, the
Finnish government sought to seek additional security by forming ties with the Germans. This alliance was short lived with the defeat of the central powers during
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452:’s demise, the Finnish government realized that it would have to accept the necessity of forming relations with the nascent Bolshevik Russian government, due to the developments of the
567:. The treaty also had some articles besides area and border issues, including Soviet guarantee of free navigation of merchant ships from the Finnish ports in
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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saw the opportunity to promote his public support for the
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close and argued against an independent
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after negotiations that lasted nearly five months. The treaty confirmed the border between
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Finnish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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368:. Ratifications of the treaty were exchanged in Moscow on 31 December 1920. The treaty was registered in the
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The Finland–Russia border as decided in the Treaty of Tartu. Petsamo (red) became part of Finland, while
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The treaty confirmed that the Finnish-Soviet border would follow the old border between the autonomous
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Brems, Hans (December 1971). "Great-Power Tension and Economic Evolution in Finland Since 1809".
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magazine September 30, 1920, shows the price of Finland's corridor to the
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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All of this changed in the matter of a short few months when the
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31 December 1920 (according to article 39 of the treaty)
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The treaty was subject to controversy first during the
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1920 border treaty between Finland and Soviet Russia
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585:coastal fortress in Ino
331:Fredsfördraget i Dorpat
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