1194:
85:
is broken up into many smaller and less distinct local speech varieties, making its dialectal classification more difficult. Classifications made until the late 19th century included a
Transylvanian dialect, but as soon as detailed language facts became available, in the early 20th century, that view
92:
suggested that dialectal fragmentation could be attributed to the fact that
Transylvania has been inhabited for more time and so differentiated and split into small dialectal cells, which were determined by geography. However, Moldavia and Wallachia were relatively recently colonized, which led to a
86:
was abandoned. In 1908, Gustav
Weigand used phonetic differences and reached the conclusion that the Romanian in Transylvania was a mosaic of transition varieties. Subsequent researchers agreed with his view.
279:
251:
272:
762:
1105:
398:
460:
237:
1225:
265:
1115:
1057:
725:
1179:
1073:
108:
After and, in some varieties also after , the following vocalic changes occur: becomes , becomes , and reduces to .
1220:
965:
718:
1079:
1064:
1010:
942:
1110:
1174:
987:
772:
346:
61:. Less distinct are two other dialectal areas, one in the northeast and another in the center and south.
1198:
1020:
1015:
711:
853:
570:
289:
937:
1136:
858:
613:
784:
393:
47:
1169:
1095:
257:
42:
The
Transylvanian varieties are part of the northern group of Romanian dialects, along with
1041:
799:
375:
101:
As a group, all
Transylvanian varieties share a small number of common phonetic features:
58:
8:
954:
947:
848:
750:
509:
505:
177:
794:
369:
54:
1141:
1100:
1005:
777:
767:
742:
734:
427:
341:
319:
315:
111:
The diphthong found in the
Wallachian dialect is realised as the monophthong : for
43:
32:
28:
1151:
1051:
1025:
889:
874:
755:
443:
217:
Emil
Petrovici, "Transilvania, vatră lingvistică a românismului nord-dunărean", in
991:
979:
306:
932:
884:
879:
89:
39:, except several large areas along the edges towards the neighboring dialects.
1214:
842:
817:
486:
983:
975:
302:
82:
36:
1146:
1131:
70:
703:
822:
491:
132:
In a series of verbs, the stress shifts to the root: for standard
74:
1046:
914:
35:(Daco-Romanian). These varieties cover the historical region of
971:
298:
287:
78:
920:
925:
909:
904:
899:
894:
810:
238:"Despre configurația dialectală a dacoromânei actuale"
151:
The vowel is found in the full paradigm of the verbs
208:, XLII, 1908, 4, pp. 441–448, cited by Vasile Ursan
159:("to sleep, to fall asleep", compare with standard
254:, teaching material for the University of Craiova.
204:Gustav Weigand, "Despre dialectele românești", in
129:The vowel before a stressed syllable closes to .
1212:
221:, LXXII, 1941, 2, p. 103, cited by Vasile Ursan
719:
669:
273:
126:Stressed vowels tend to be pronounced longer.
69:Unlike the other Romanian dialects, those of
93:remarkable dialectal unity in both regions.
726:
712:
280:
266:
244:(new series), 2008, No. 1, pp. 77–85
57:is easier to distinguish, followed by the
1180:Romanian-language schools in Transnistria
1058:Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române
53:Among the Transylvanian varieties, the
1226:Romanian language varieties and styles
1213:
733:
707:
261:
696:= Not strictly dialects; † = extinct
651:Southern (variants between villages)
96:
21:Transylvanian varieties of Romanian
13:
1106:Linguistic parallels with Albanian
372:, divided into several subdialects
25:subdialectele / graiurile ardelene
14:
1237:
1111:Slavic superstratum and adstratum
64:
16:Dialects of the Romanian language
1193:
1192:
230:
1080:Academy of Sciences of Moldova
1074:Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc
1011:Romanian transitional alphabet
211:
198:
189:
105:The stressed vowels open to .
1:
1116:Influence on Slavic languages
183:
7:
1175:Romanian language in Serbia
463:(original Dobrujan dialect)
309:→ Eastern Romance languages
171:
10:
1242:
1035:Institutions and movements
1021:Romanian Cyrillic alphabet
1016:Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet
836:Dialects/related languages
1188:
1162:
1124:
1088:
1065:Dicționarul Limbii Române
1034:
998:
963:
867:
835:
741:
691:
662:
644:
630:
623:
612:
594:
580:
569:
543:
536:Gorna Belica–Dolna Belica
517:
504:
474:
452:
436:
420:
413:
386:
357:
334:
327:
314:
296:
290:Eastern Romance languages
1221:Culture of Transylvania
943:traditional month names
811:Argots and speech forms
1170:Romanian Language Day
938:longest Romanian word
527:Grabovean/Moscopolean
1042:Transylvanian School
933:Lexis and vocabulary
778:Republic of Moldova
477:argots/speech forms
206:Convorbiri literare
1125:Speech communities
966:historic evolution
195:Mozes Gaster, 1891
178:Romanian phonology
81:, the Romanian of
1208:
1207:
1101:Balkan sprachbund
845:(Romanian itself)
831:
830:
735:Romanian language
701:
700:
687:
686:
683:
682:
658:
657:
608:
607:
565:
564:
500:
499:
470:
469:
414:Southern variants
409:
408:
328:Northern variants
97:Phonetic features
59:Maramureș dialect
33:Romanian language
27:) are a group of
1233:
1196:
1195:
1089:Language contact
1052:Romanian Academy
1026:Romanian Braille
854:Megleno-Romanian
808:
807:
728:
721:
714:
705:
704:
667:
666:
628:
627:
621:
620:
578:
577:
571:Megleno-Romanian
515:
514:
418:
417:
332:
331:
325:
324:
288:Dialects of the
282:
275:
268:
259:
258:
247:
225:
224:
215:
209:
202:
196:
193:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1184:
1158:
1120:
1084:
1030:
1006:Modern alphabet
994:
992:Modern Romanian
988:Re-latinization
980:Common Romanian
972:Classical Latin
959:
863:
827:
806:
737:
732:
702:
697:
695:
679:
654:
640:
616:
604:
590:
573:
561:
539:
533:Gopeš–Malovište
508:
496:
480:
476:
466:
448:
432:
405:
382:
353:
318:
310:
307:Common Romanian
299:Classical Latin
292:
286:
252:"Dialectologie"
250:Ilona Bădescu,
245:
233:
228:
222:
216:
212:
203:
199:
194:
190:
186:
174:
99:
67:
55:Crișana dialect
17:
12:
11:
5:
1239:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:
970:
968:
961:
960:
958:
957:
952:
951:
950:
945:
940:
930:
929:
928:
923:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
871:
869:
865:
864:
862:
861:
859:Istro-Romanian
856:
851:
846:
839:
837:
833:
832:
829:
828:
826:
825:
820:
814:
812:
805:
804:
803:
802:
797:
787:
782:
781:
780:
775:
765:
760:
759:
758:
747:
745:
739:
738:
731:
730:
723:
716:
708:
699:
698:
693:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
681:
680:
678:
677:
676:†Krko-Romanian
673:
671:
670:†Krko-Romanian
664:
660:
659:
656:
655:
653:
652:
648:
646:
642:
641:
639:
638:
634:
632:
625:
618:
614:Istro-Romanian
610:
609:
606:
605:
603:
602:
598:
596:
592:
591:
589:
588:
584:
582:
575:
567:
566:
563:
562:
560:
559:
556:
555:
554:
547:
545:
541:
540:
538:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
521:
519:
512:
502:
501:
498:
497:
495:
494:
489:
483:
481:
478:
475:Romanian-based
472:
471:
468:
467:
465:
464:
456:
454:
450:
449:
447:
446:
440:
438:
434:
433:
431:
430:
424:
422:
415:
411:
410:
407:
406:
404:
403:
402:
401:
390:
388:
384:
383:
381:
380:
379:
378:
373:
361:
359:
355:
354:
352:
351:
350:
349:
338:
336:
329:
322:
312:
311:
297:
294:
293:
285:
284:
277:
270:
262:
256:
255:
248:
236:Vasile Ursan,
232:
229:
227:
226:
210:
197:
187:
185:
182:
181:
180:
173:
170:
169:
168:
149:
130:
127:
124:
109:
106:
98:
95:
90:Emil Petrovici
66:
65:Classification
63:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1238:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1201:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
967:
962:
956:
953:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
934:
931:
927:
924:
922:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
873:
872:
870:
866:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
844:
843:Daco-Romanian
841:
840:
838:
834:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
813:
809:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
791:
788:
786:
783:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
769:
766:
764:
761:
757:
754:
753:
752:
749:
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
710:
709:
706:
690:
675:
674:
672:
668:
665:
661:
650:
649:
647:
643:
636:
635:
633:
629:
626:
622:
619:
615:
611:
600:
599:
597:
593:
586:
585:
583:
579:
576:
572:
568:
557:
552:
551:
549:
548:
546:
542:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
522:
520:
516:
513:
511:
507:
503:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
482:
473:
462:
458:
457:
455:
451:
445:
442:
441:
439:
435:
429:
426:
425:
423:
419:
416:
412:
400:
397:
396:
395:
392:
391:
389:
385:
377:
374:
371:
368:
367:
366:
365:Transylvanian
363:
362:
360:
358:Transylvanian
356:
348:
345:
344:
343:
340:
339:
337:
333:
330:
326:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
304:
300:
295:
291:
283:
278:
276:
271:
269:
264:
263:
260:
253:
249:
246:(in Romanian)
243:
239:
235:
234:
223:(in Romanian)
220:
214:
207:
201:
192:
188:
179:
176:
175:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
104:
103:
102:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
62:
60:
56:
51:
49:
45:
40:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1197:
1152:Timok Vlachs
1072:
1063:
1056:
999:Written form
984:Old Romanian
976:Vulgar Latin
790:Transylvania
789:
364:
303:Vulgar Latin
242:Transilvania
241:
231:Bibliography
219:Transilvania
218:
213:
205:
200:
191:
164:
160:
156:
152:
145:
141:
137:
133:
120:
116:
112:
100:
88:
83:Transylvania
68:
52:
41:
37:Transylvania
24:
20:
18:
964:Periods of
948:profanities
868:Linguistics
743:Subdialects
1215:Categories
818:Gumuțeasca
558:Gramostean
487:Gumuțeasca
347:Bukovinian
184:References
1147:Moldovans
1132:Romanians
1096:Substrata
955:Phonology
849:Aromanian
800:Maramureș
751:Wallachia
624:In Istria
530:Muzachiar
524:Farsherot
506:Aromanian
428:Muntenian
421:Muntenian
376:Maramureș
342:Moldavian
335:Moldavian
71:Wallachia
44:Moldavian
1199:Category
1142:diaspora
919:Former:
823:Totoiana
773:Bukovina
768:Moldavia
645:Southern
637:Northern
631:Northern
617:dialects
601:Southern
595:Southern
587:Northern
581:Northern
574:dialects
553:Olympian
550:Pindean
544:Southern
518:Northern
510:dialects
492:Totoiana
444:Oltenian
437:Oltenian
320:dialects
316:Romanian
172:See also
165:a adormi
157:a adùrmi
75:Moldavia
29:dialects
1047:Junimea
890:numbers
875:Grammar
795:Crișana
763:Dobruja
756:Oltenia
663:†In Krk
453:†Dician
370:Crișana
161:a dormi
153:a durmi
142:strecòr
138:înfășèr
134:blestèm
31:of the
1163:Others
1137:origin
461:Dician
399:Boyash
77:, and
885:verbs
880:nouns
785:Banat
394:Banat
387:Banat
146:măsòr
79:Banat
48:Banat
121:pâne
117:mâne
113:câne
46:and
19:The
1217::
990:→
986:→
982:→
978:→
974:→
921:D̦
305:→
301:→
240:,
167:).
163:,
155:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
119:,
115:,
73:,
50:.
926:Ŭ
915:Ț
910:Ș
905:Î
900:Â
895:Ă
727:e
720:t
713:v
694:*
479:*
459:†
281:e
274:t
267:v
148:.
123:.
23:(
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