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440:. However, in April 2012, India and Afghanistan have failed to agree on transit fee for gas passing through Afghan territory. Consequently, Islamabad and New Delhi too could not agree on the transit fee for the segment of the pipeline passing through Pakistan, which has linked its fee structure to any India-Afghanistan agreement. On 16 May 2012, the
426:
noted, "We are seriously looking at the project, and it is quite possible that
American companies will join it". Due to increasing instability, the project has essentially stalled; construction of the Turkmen part was supposed to start in 2006, but the overall feasibility is questionable since the
316:
308:, Afghanistan's Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs. Following this meeting, Foreign Minister Meredow "said that Turkmenistan is ready to begin work on the TAPI project in Afghanistan with the aim of developing political and economic relations."
455:
Construction on the project started in
Turkmenistan on 13 December 2015 and was completed by mid-2019. Construction on the Afghan side started on 24 February 2018. The Taliban have vowed to cooperate and not disrupt the project in areas they control.
417:
The new deal on the pipeline was signed on 27 December 2002 by the leaders of
Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan. In 2005, the Asian Development Bank submitted the final version of a feasibility study designed by British company
293:. A ceremony to mark the project's initiation was held in Turkmenistan on 13 December 2015, and practical work in Afghanistan began on 11 September 2024. Proponents of the project see it as a modern continuation of the
347:
The original project started on 15 March 1995 when an inaugural memorandum of understanding between the governments of
Turkmenistan and Pakistan for a pipeline project was signed. This project was promoted by
436:
On 24 April 2008, Pakistan, India and
Afghanistan signed a framework agreement to buy natural gas from Turkmenistan. The intergovernmental agreement on the pipeline was signed on 11 December 2010 in
422:. The project has drawn strong US support as it would allow the Central Asian republics to export energy to Western markets "without relying on Russian routes". Then-US Ambassador to Turkmenistan
340:, who controlled all export pipelines of these countries, consistently refused to allow the use of its pipeline network, these companies needed an independent export route avoiding both
527:
Originally, the cost of the pipeline project was reportedly estimated at US$ 7.6 billion, but a more recent estimate was $ 10 billion. The leading partner of the project is
364:
oil company Delta, promoted an alternative project without Bridas' involvement. On 21 October 1995, these two companies signed a separate agreement with
Turkmenistan's president
414:, announced that bin Laden had the Taliban's support. Unocal withdrew from the consortium on 8 December 1998, and soon after closed its offices in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
524: cu ft) to each Pakistan and India. Six compressor stations would be constructed along the pipeline. The pipeline was intended to be operational by 2019.
635:
1129:
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Summit in
Ashgabat for the signing of agreement regarding the Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India (TAPI) Pipeline project on 11 December 2010.
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The pipeline will be 1,420 mm (56 in) in diameter with a working pressure of 100 atm (10,000 kPa). The capacity will be 33
1339:
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for construction of a pipeline, led by Unocal, was formed. On 27 October 1997, CentGas was incorporated in formal signing ceremonies in
1349:
17:
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Since the pipeline was to pass through
Afghanistan, it was necessary to work with the Taliban. The U.S. ambassador to Pakistan,
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1379:
878:
1074:
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in
Turkmenistan through Afghanistan and Pakistan to India. In Afghanistan, TAPI pipeline will be constructed alongside the
1359:
712:
403:
1156:
956:
911:
441:
1212:
444:, approved the agreement on a gas pipeline and the day after, the Indian Cabinet allowed state-run gas-firm
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649:
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1002:
594:
544:
380:
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Ceremony on completion of the
Turkmen section of the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India pipeline.
539:
The 1,814 km (1,127 mi) pipeline will run from the world's second largest gas field namely
574:
569:
1235:
599:
1292:
270:
636:"The office of consortium "Galkynysh – TAPI Pipeline Company Limited" will be opened in Dubai"
410:
was behind those attacks, and all pipeline negotiations halted, as the Taliban's then leader,
998:
946:
791:
1029:
589:
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being developed by the Galkynysh – TAPI Pipeline Company Limited with participation of the
903:
398:, signed an agreement that allowed the proposed project to proceed. In June 1998, Russian
8:
817:
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423:
305:
274:
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southern part of the Afghan section runs through territory which continues to be under
395:
365:
353:
266:
952:
907:
874:
865:
Forbidden Truth – U.S. Taliban Secret Oil Diplomacy and the Failed Hunt for bin Laden
863:
973:
609:
387:
332:
The roots of this project lie in the involvement of international oil companies in
301:
896:
407:
690:
1317:
555:
in Pakistan. The final destination of the pipeline will be the Indian town of
1333:
528:
449:
197:
898:
The Oil and the Glory: The Pursuit of Empire and Fortune on the Caspian Sea
870:
765:"Islamic Emirate, Turkmenistan Strengthen Ties with Launch of TAPI Project"
361:
324:
278:
126:
68:
664:
411:
282:
263:
187:
80:
1213:"Gas pipeline project Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India approved"
843:
764:
390:, left his post and was hired by CentGas in 1997. In January 1998, the
372:
333:
1052:
379:, Turkmenistan, by several international oil companies along with the
1183:"TAPI Moves into Afghanistan, Taliban Promise to Protect the Project"
349:
294:
739:"Construction of Afghanistan section of TAPI gas pipeline launched"
665:"TAPI Pipeline: Pakistan and Turkmenistan sign implementation plan"
437:
429:
376:
286:
140:
92:
46:
Map of Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Gas Pipeline (TAPI)
604:
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369:
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357:
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148:
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844:"Baradar: Turkmenistan FM Pledged Readiness for TAPI Project"
585:
402:
relinquished its 10% stake in the project. On 7 August 1998,
290:
162:
136:
104:
1101:"India Authorizes to Sign TAPI Gas Sales and Purchase Pact"
445:
404:
American embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam were bombed
341:
256:
Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India (TAPI) Gas Pipeline
41:
35:
Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Gas Pipeline (TAPI)
1215:. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections. 21 November 2006
1130:"Pakistan and Turkmenistan to discuss TAPI gas pipeline"
713:"Afghanistan begins practical work on TAPI gas pipeline"
504: cu ft) will be provided to Afghanistan and 14
448:
to sign the Gas Sale and Purchase Agreement (GSPA) with
1075:"TAPI: India, Afghanistan Fail to Agree on Transit Fee"
997:
792:"TAPI project will be the new Silk Route, says Deora"
688:
300:
In August 2024, the Foreign Minister of Turkmenistan
1288:"Alternate route for pipeline to be discussed today"
484: cu ft) of natural gas per year of which 5
1157:"Taliban Vows to Protect TAPI Gas Pipeline Project"
273:. The pipeline will transport natural gas from the
1053:"Agreement sought on Afghan-Pakistan gas pipeline"
895:
862:
861:Brisard, Jean-Charles; Dasquie, Guillaume (2002).
1331:
1279:
1124:
1122:
394:, selecting CentGas over Argentinian competitor
1319:د ټاپي او اړوندو نورو پروژو د پرانیستې بشپړ حال
1227:
860:
559:, near the border between Pakistan and India.
1119:
948:Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Region
944:
945:Croissant, Michael P.; Aras, Bülent (1999).
1155:Alikozai, Hasib Danish (24 February 2018).
824:. Kasturi & Sons Ltd. / The Hindu Group
815:
689:Abdujalil Abdurasulov, ed. (16 July 2015).
662:
1055:. CNBC. Associated Press. 11 December 2010
951:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 87.
691:"Is Turkmenistan's gas line a pipe dream?"
40:
1253:
1017:
993:
991:
971:
938:
370:Central Asia Gas Pipeline, Ltd. (CentGas)
336:and Turkmenistan beginning of 1990s. As
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323:
315:
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1259:
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816:Bhadrakumar, M. K. (24 December 2010).
452:, Turkmenistan's national oil company.
14:
1332:
1262:"Kazakhstan keen on TAPI gas pipeline"
1260:Graeber, Daniel J. (3 December 2014).
988:
893:
887:
1345:Natural gas pipelines in Turkmenistan
1326:(Pajhwok Afghan News, Sept. 11, 2024)
1234:Tanchum, Micha'el (3 December 2015).
1200:
650:"TAPI CJSC office to appear in Dubai"
547:in western Afghanistan, and then via
459:
1340:Natural gas pipelines in Afghanistan
1286:Mustafa, Khalid (22 February 2003).
965:
790:Mehdudia, Sujay (11 December 2010).
628:
974:"Central Asia pipeline deal signed"
972:McWilliam, Ian (27 December 2002).
920:
642:
24:
1375:Afghanistan–Turkmenistan relations
25:
1401:
1350:Natural gas pipelines in Pakistan
1311:
1033:. NHST Media Group. 25 April 2008
406:. The United States alleged that
1390:Proposed infrastructure in India
1236:"A Fillip for the TAPI Pipeline"
1180:
818:"U.S. brings Silk Road to India"
97:
85:
73:
61:
1385:Pakistan–Turkmenistan relations
1174:
1148:
1093:
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1045:
854:
836:
1370:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
1355:Natural gas pipelines in India
1025:"Trio sign up for Turkmen gas"
809:
783:
757:
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705:
682:
656:
13:
1:
621:
220:1,814 km (1,127 mi)
928:Country Report: Turkmenistan
580:Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline
7:
1365:Afghanistan–India relations
1105:The Gazette of Central Asia
1079:The Gazette of Central Asia
932:Economist Intelligence Unit
663:BR Web Desk (8 June 2023).
562:
10:
1406:
1360:Proposed pipelines in Asia
595:Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline
381:Government of Turkmenistan
360:, in conjunction with the
311:
304:met virtually with Mullah
260:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline
18:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline
1081:. Satrapia. 18 April 2012
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1380:India–Pakistan relations
902:. Random House. p.
575:Transport in Afghanistan
570:Afghanistan Oil Pipeline
534:
1107:. Satrapia. 18 May 2012
600:South Caucasus Pipeline
1005:. New Internationalist
894:LeVine, Steve (2007).
545:Kandahar–Herat Highway
368:. In August 1996, the
329:
321:
271:Asian Development Bank
173:Kandahar–Herat Highway
999:Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed
327:
319:
212:Technical information
590:Dabhol Power Company
541:Galkynysh gas fields
204:Construction started
27:Natural gas pipeline
934:. 1998. p. 24.
771:. 11 September 2024
745:. 11 September 2024
719:. 11 September 2024
717:Pajhwok Afghan News
424:Tracey Ann Jacobson
356:. The U.S. company
306:Abdul Ghani Baradar
275:Galkynysh Gas Field
248: cu ft/a)
179:General information
123:Galkynysh gas field
652:. 20 January 2016.
638:. 18 January 2016.
615:Ashgabat Agreement
460:Technical features
396:Bridas Corporation
366:Saparmurat Niyazov
354:Bridas Corporation
330:
322:
1181:Putz, Catherine.
880:978-1-56025-414-0
442:Afghan Parliament
433:Taliban control.
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225:Maximum discharge
111:General direction
16:(Redirected from
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1297:. Retrieved
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1240:The Diplomat
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978:. Retrieved
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871:Nation Books
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826:. Retrieved
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799:. Retrieved
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775:11 September
773:. Retrieved
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747:. Retrieved
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723:11 September
721:. Retrieved
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514: m (490
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494: m (180
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344:and Russia.
331:
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289:and then to
279:Turkmenistan
259:
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127:Turkmenistan
69:Turkmenistan
29:
1293:Daily Times
1271:25 February
1245:13 December
1161:voanews.com
1134:voanews.com
1059:11 December
743:Ariana News
412:Mullah Omar
350:Argentinian
283:Afghanistan
264:natural gas
188:Natural gas
114:North–South
81:Afghanistan
1334:Categories
1299:27 January
1009:7 December
622:References
529:Türkmengaz
450:Türkmengaz
373:consortium
334:Kazakhstan
198:Türkmengaz
848:TOLO News
822:The Hindu
796:The Hindu
669:Brecorder
295:Silk Road
1192:20 April
1166:20 April
769:TOLOnews
563:See also
438:Ashgabat
430:de facto
377:Ashgabat
352:company
287:Pakistan
281:through
267:pipeline
194:Partners
141:Kandahar
93:Pakistan
52:Location
1324:YouTube
1219:10 July
1140:11 July
828:28 June
801:28 June
697:17 July
605:CentGas
557:Fazilka
420:Penspen
400:Gazprom
392:Taliban
312:History
262:, is a
159:Fazilka
57:Country
1111:18 May
1037:18 May
980:18 May
955:
910:
877:
674:8 June
553:Multan
549:Quetta
358:Unocal
338:Russia
217:Length
149:Multan
145:Quetta
102:
90:
78:
66:
1085:6 May
976:. BBC
693:. BBC
586:Enron
582:(BTC)
535:Route
362:Saudi
291:India
285:into
163:India
137:Herat
105:India
1301:2012
1273:2015
1247:2015
1221:2021
1194:2018
1168:2018
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