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in orbit, and an imperfect understanding of the Moon's uneven gravitational field, resulted in navigation errors which pushed the powered descent initiation point about 3 miles (4.8 km), and thus the computer-targeted landing spot about 4 miles (6.4 km), downrange (west) of the planned
487:
landers, this list was narrowed down to five sites located near the lunar equator. They ranged between 45 degrees east and west, and 5 degrees north and south of the center of the Moon's facing side. They were numbered 1 to 5, going from east to west. Site number 2, centered at
551:
552:
557:
558:
556:
555:
519:, was the Sea of Tranquility site ultimately chosen. Since a precision landing was not expected on the first mission, the target area was an ellipse measuring 11.5 miles (18.5 km) east and west by 3.0 miles (4.8 km) north and south.
594:
During training, Armstrong and Aldrin had exclusively used the callsign "Eagle" in simulated ground conversations, both before and after landing. Armstrong and Aldrin decided on using "Tranquility Base" just before the flight, telling only
540:
sized crater, with a large number of big boulders and rocks for about one or two crater diameters around it", which he avoided by assuming manual control and flying a bit farther downrange. The landing was still within the target ellipse.
894:
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for private corporations to successfully build spacecraft and reach the Moon; a $ 1 million bonus was offered for any competitor that visited a historic site on the Moon. One team, led by
553:
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was left at the site, and various gear that was no longer needed for the return phase of the mission—including Aldrin's boots—was left behind to lighten the craft for return to
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355:
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429:
spent two hours and 31 minutes examining and photographing the lunar surface, setting up several scientific experiment packages, and collecting 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of
798:
High-resolution Lunar
Orbiter 5 image cropped to show the landing site of Apollo 11. The landing site is indicated by a red dot. The prominent crater at right is called
751:
led NASA to request that any other missions to the Moon, private or governmental, human or robotic, keep a distance of at least 75 meters (246 ft) from the site.
1439:
778:
image from 1967, cropped to show the vicinity of the landing site of Apollo 11, used in mission planning. The image is centered precisely on a small crater called
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839:
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92:
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As the site of the first human landing on an extraterrestrial body, Tranquility Base has cultural and historic significance. The U.S. states of
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planners considered a collection of 30 potential sites for the first crewed landing. Based on high-resolution photographs taken by the
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641:, as well as footprints left by Armstrong and Aldrin, remain at Tranquility Base, and Armstrong commented that during the launch of
2014:
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On the landing, a combination of thrust from residual pressure in the docking tunnel that connected the Lunar Module with the
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The name has become a permanent designation for the site. Although the name was designated by the Apollo astronauts, the
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1505:
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was enacted, protecting
Tranquility Base and other Apollo landing sites from damage from US-licensed space activity.
673:
was placed at the site to allow precise ongoing measurements of the distance to the Moon from Earth. A solar-powered
523:
425:. Armstrong exited the spacecraft six hours and 39 minutes after touchdown, followed 19 minutes later by Aldrin. The
633:
on the Lunar Module
Descent Stage which commemorates the first crewed lunar landing (photographed by Neil Armstrong)
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Interest in according the site some formal protection grew in the early 21st century with the announcement of the
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728:'s prohibition on any nation claiming sovereignty over any extraterrestrial body. It has not been proposed as a
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touched down about 550 m west of West Crater. The area shown is approximately 25 km × 25 km across.
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Tranquility Base has been depicted in many books, films and television shows, such as in the 1996 novel
747:, announced it would attempt to land a craft at Tranquility Base. Although it canceled those plans, the
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remains at the original point of landing. According to Aldrin (with apparent confirmation from later
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736:(UNESCO), which oversees that program, limits nations to submitting sites within their own borders.
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2100:
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1050:
The Eagle Has Landed – 1969; Video
Transcript for Archival Research Catalog (ARC) Identifier 45017
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Tranquility Base was named by Aldrin and
Armstrong, and first announced by Armstrong when the
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have declined to do so, due to the technicality that it is not located within their borders.
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and other parts on the LM staging scattering all around the area for great distances." The
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8:
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704:, since their laws require only that listed sites have some association with the state.
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officially recognizes the designation "Tranquility Base". It is listed on lunar maps as
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2407:
2382:
2124:
2006:
1593:
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has not granted similar status to the site, despite the location of
Mission Control in
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577:, approximately 18 seconds after his and Aldrin's successful landing, as he announced:
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38:
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2019:
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Photographic Atlas of the Moon, showing the Apollo 11 landing site and vicinity
971:
716:
laws limit such designations to properties located within the state. The U.S.
405:
393:
379:
206:
145:
45:
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have registered
Tranquility Base as a heritage site associated with them, but
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1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
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1227:
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506:
493:
480:
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107:
94:
953:" (". . . all roads lead to Tranquility Base...") by the American Rock band
2323:
925:
630:
599:
1440:"Premature Evaluation: Arctic Monkeys Tranquility Base Hotel & Casino"
443:
landed. It is located in the south-western corner of the dark lunar plain
433:
for return to Earth. They lifted off the surface on July 21 at 17:54 UTC.
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34:
2195:
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452:
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1348:"To Preserve History on the Moon, Visitors Are Asked to Tread Lightly"
54:
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1943:
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901:
678:
401:
192:
179:
681:, but this stopped functioning after 21 days. A disc containing the
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1996:
1991:
1903:
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1893:
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1872:
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1224:
A Man on the Moon: The
Triumphant Story Of The Apollo Space Program
1101:
A Man on the Moon: The
Triumphant Story Of The Apollo Space Program
1004:
1257:
904:
showing the landing site just below center. The bright crater is
1611:
709:
734:
United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
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1986:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1341:
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646:
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and lands on the Moon, July 20, 1969, creating Tranquility Base
1252:
Apollo 11 Flight Journal – Day 6 part 4: Trans-Earth Injection
2044:
2034:
2029:
2024:
705:
614:
456:
397:
1334:
1254:. History.nasa.gov (15 March 2011). Retrieved on 2012-04-28.
602:
before the mission, so Duke would not be taken by surprise.
2419:
1085:
817:
photo taken March 7, 2012. The Lunar Module descent stage,
476:
389:
80:
1182:"Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal: The First Lunar Landing"
1400:
1317:"One Small Step for Man, One Giant Leap for Preservation"
1266:"Apollo Moon Landing Flags Still Standing, Photos Reveal"
1000:
List of archaeological sites beyond national boundaries
848:'s footprint at Tranquility Base (photograph by Aldrin)
483:
spacecraft, and photos and data taken by the uncrewed
1374:
One Small Step to Protect Human Heritage in Space Act
756:
One Small Step to Protect Human Heritage in Space Act
1414:"Inside the Fight to Save the Moon's Historic Sites"
669:
exhaust, but remains on the surface of the Moon. A
1431:
392:where, in July 1969, humans landed and walked on a
1377:
1291:"NASA Looks to Protect Historic Sites on the Moon"
532:target. The automated targeting system was taking
2516:
1221:
1098:
1520:
1184:. Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Archived from
1158:. Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Archived from
1132:. Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Archived from
2493:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
1627:
1506:
1472:(by Armstrong), Lunar and Planetary Institute
356:
2505:Symbol indicates failure or partial failure
1058:National Archives and Records Administration
1282:
1079:"Apollo 11 Lunar Landing Mission Press Kit"
823:Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package
447:("Sea of Tranquility"). The U.S. states of
1712:
1634:
1620:
1513:
1499:
1215:
782:(190 m in diameter), and the lunar module
363:
349:
53:
27:
1314:
1156:"Post-landing Activities, time 102:55:16"
1130:"The First Lunar Landing, time 102:36:21"
1092:
980:, as the location of a hotel and casino.
1315:Donaldson, Milford Wayne (Winter 2010).
624:
548:
1437:
2517:
1199:
536:toward what Armstrong described as a "
400:for the first time. On July 20, 1969,
1615:
1494:
1411:
1345:
1263:
1179:
913:
573:Armstrong named the site at 20:17:58
16:Landing site of Apollo 11 on the Moon
2168:50th Anniversary commemorative coins
1288:
613:, conforming to the standard use of
296:50th Anniversary commemorative coins
44:at Tranquility Base; photo taken by
1346:Chang, Kenneth (January 10, 2012).
1322:. California State Parks. p. 2
977:Tranquility Base Hotel & Casino
949:Tranquility Base is referenced in "
13:
1641:
1382:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
966:Tranquility Base is referenced in
825:can be clearly seen. The craters
14:
2581:
1463:
1153:
1127:
661:planted at the site during their
651:descent stage of the Lunar Module
470:
1470:Surface panorama of landing site
893:
873:
853:
838:
807:
791:
768:
607:International Astronomical Union
178:
2420:Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment
1412:Engel, Currie (July 18, 2019).
1405:
1367:
1308:
1088:. July 6, 1969. pp. 82–85.
802:and is about 190 m in diameter.
631:plaque left at Tranquility Base
2245:"Houston, we've had a problem"
1734:Cape Kennedy Air Force Station
1476:USGS Planetary Gazetteer Entry
1245:
1173:
1147:
1121:
1071:
1041:
990:Apollo 11 lunar sample display
724:status to avoid violating the
1:
2488:Stolen and missing Moon rocks
2261:Modular Equipment Transporter
1438:Breihan, Tom (May 10, 2018).
645:s ascent stage he could see "
584:, Tranquility Base here. The
68:Extraterrestrial landing site
995:Apollo 11 in popular culture
921:The Tranquillity Alternative
833:(left of LM) are also shown.
819:Laser Ranging RetroReflector
815:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
655:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
7:
2425:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey
1749:Manned Space Flight Network
983:
683:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
10:
2586:
2545:Geological type localities
1808:Command and Service Module
1710:
1242:Author's note on page 206.
931:From the Earth to the Moon
761:
722:National Historic Landmark
421:at approximately 20:17:40
2501:
2475:
2433:
2368:
2352:
2284:
2253:
2237:
2183:
2109:
2086:
2053:
2005:
1952:
1881:
1835:
1828:
1795:
1757:
1721:
1674:
1666:List of Apollo astronauts
1649:
1529:
720:has declined to grant it
677:was also left to measure
620:
475:For more than two years,
169:
155:
141:
123:
86:
72:
64:
52:
26:
21:
1222:Chaikin, Andrew (2007).
1206:Failure is Not an Option
1099:Chaikin, Andrew (2007).
1034:
957:, from their 1979 album
937:The Astronaut Wives Club
700:have listed it on their
2535:Exploration of the Moon
1180:Jones, Eric M. (1995).
928:, the 1998 mini-series
617:for lunar place names.
544:
59:Map of Tranquility Base
2483:Lunar orbit rendezvous
2344:Postal covers incident
2334:Hadley Rille meteorite
2208:Bench Crater meteorite
1729:Mission Control Center
1481:Photo Number IV-085-H1
888:. Photos by Armstrong.
884:, app. 60 meters from
665:was blown over by the
639:100 artificial objects
634:
611:Statio Tranquillitatis
592:
570:
385:Statio Tranquillitatis
383:
129:; 55 years ago
2570:Historical footprints
2153:Lunar sample displays
745:Astrobotic Technology
718:National Park Service
714:historic preservation
628:
579:
562:Armstrong pilots the
561:
461:National Park Service
431:dirt and rock samples
388:) is the site on the
2403:Lunar sample display
2393:Nansen-Apollo crater
1820:Lunar Roving Vehicle
1796:Spacecraft and rover
1744:Kennedy Space Center
1295:Smithsonian Magazine
940:, and the 2018 film
864:, a few meters from
741:Google Lunar X Prize
597:Capsule Communicator
564:Apollo Lunar Module
507:0.71389°N 23.70778°E
445:Mare Tranquillitatis
331:Lunar sample display
108:0.68750°N 23.43333°E
77:Mare Tranquillitatis
39:Apollo Lunar Module
2266:Fra Mauro formation
2227:Streptococcus mitis
1739:Crawler-transporter
1582:Descartes Highlands
1558:Fra Mauro formation
1524:lunar landing sites
1289:Milstein, Michael.
900:Orbital photo from
880:Composite image of
868:. Photos by Aldrin.
860:Composite image of
749:ensuing controversy
730:World Heritage Site
503: /
414:Apollo Lunar Module
319:British TV coverage
187:Part of a series on
104: /
2408:Lunar basalt 70017
2369:Apollo 17 specific
2353:Apollo 16 specific
2285:Apollo 15 specific
2254:Apollo 14 specific
2238:Apollo 13 specific
2184:Apollo 12 specific
2175:In popular culture
2143:Little West crater
2110:Apollo 11 specific
1353:The New York Times
1264:Moskowitz, Clara.
934:, the 2015 series
914:In popular culture
882:Little West Crater
726:Outer Space Treaty
702:heritage registers
635:
571:
327:In popular culture
2565:Space archaeology
2512:
2511:
2148:Goodwill messages
2087:Apollo 8 specific
2082:
2081:
1803:Apollo spacecraft
1722:Ground facilities
1692:Launch Complex 39
1687:Launch Complex 37
1682:Launch Complex 34
1659:canceled missions
1609:
1608:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1401:December 31, 2020
1237:978-0-14-311235-8
1212:, 24 August 2003.
1195:– via NASA.
1169:– via NASA.
1143:– via NASA.
1114:978-0-14-311235-8
1084:(Press release).
1010:Space archaeology
951:Boat on the River
559:
512:0.71389; 23.70778
373:
372:
323:Goodwill messages
300:Eisenhower dollar
173:
172:
124:Named and founded
113:0.68750; 23.43333
2577:
2560:1969 on the Moon
2415:Troctolite 76535
2318:Fallen Astronaut
2297:Lunar operations
2133:Tranquility Base
2040:Pad Abort Test-2
2020:Pad Abort Test-1
1833:
1832:
1716:
1675:Launch complexes
1654:List of missions
1636:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1596:
1584:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1534:Tranquility Base
1515:
1508:
1501:
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811:
795:
772:
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513:
508:
504:
501:
500:
499:
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376:Tranquility Base
365:
358:
351:
265:Recovery vessels
255:Tranquility Base
182:
175:
174:
137:
135:
130:
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
57:
31:
22:Tranquility Base
19:
18:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2540:LQ12 quadrangle
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2497:
2471:
2437:
2429:
2377:The Blue Marble
2364:
2348:
2339:Seatbelt basalt
2312:Hadley–Apennine
2307:Return to Earth
2302:Solo operations
2280:
2249:
2233:
2201:Surveyor crater
2191:Statio Cognitum
2179:
2117:Command Module
2105:
2101:Genesis reading
2078:
2049:
2001:
1962:Saturn-Apollo 1
1954:
1948:
1877:
1824:
1791:
1758:Launch vehicles
1753:
1717:
1708:
1670:
1645:
1640:
1610:
1605:
1570:Hadley–Apennine
1546:Statio Cognitum
1525:
1519:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1410:
1406:
1381:
1372:
1368:
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1344:
1335:
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1309:
1299:
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1287:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1230:. p. 637.
1220:
1216:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1163:
1154:Jones, Eric M.
1152:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1128:Jones, Eric M.
1126:
1122:
1115:
1097:
1093:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1015:Statio Cognitum
986:
916:
909:
898:
889:
878:
869:
858:
849:
843:
834:
829:(at right) and
812:
803:
796:
787:
776:Lunar Orbiter 5
773:
764:
671:laser reflector
623:
549:
547:
511:
509:
505:
502:
497:
494:
492:
490:
489:
473:
369:
310:
283:
261:
246:
221:
215:Michael Collins
133:
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128:
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110:
106:
103:
98:
95:
93:
91:
90:
60:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2583:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2555:Neil Armstrong
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2530:Apollo program
2527:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2499:
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2495:
2490:
2485:
2479:
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2452:
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2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Taurus–Littrow
2380:
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2366:
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2363:
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2347:
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127:July 20, 1969
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2324:Genesis Rock
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1813:Lunar Module
1533:
1449:. Retrieved
1443:
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1421:. Retrieved
1417:
1407:
1373:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1351:
1324:. Retrieved
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1284:
1273:. Retrieved
1259:
1247:
1226:. New York:
1223:
1217:
1205:
1201:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:the original
1175:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:the original
1149:
1138:. Retrieved
1134:the original
1123:
1103:. New York:
1100:
1094:
1073:
1062:, retrieved
1049:
1043:
1028:(ISS module)
1025:
1021:landing site
975:
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926:Allen Steele
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593:
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2550:Buzz Aldrin
2438:capsule use
2435:Post-Apollo
2329:Great Scott
2229:on the Moon
2225:Reports of
2219:Moon Museum
2007:Abort tests
1955:development
1391:, 134
1359:January 11,
1026:Tranquility
960:Cornerstone
846:Buzz Aldrin
827:Little West
800:West crater
780:West crater
687:lunar orbit
675:seismometer
510: /
459:, the U.S.
410:Buzz Aldrin
396:other than
211:Buzz Aldrin
150:Buzz Aldrin
111: /
87:Coordinates
35:Buzz Aldrin
2519:Categories
2271:Big Bertha
2196:Surveyor 3
1483:, Digital
1399:, enacted
1275:2015-07-21
1192:2009-07-15
1166:2013-08-23
1140:2013-08-09
1030:, namesake
968:indie rock
732:since the
698:New Mexico
694:California
679:moonquakes
498:23°42′28″E
453:New Mexico
449:California
427:astronauts
225:Spacecraft
164:New Mexico
160:California
99:23°26′00″E
96:00°41′15″N
33:Astronaut
2525:Apollo 11
2360:Big Muley
2276:Moon tree
2095:Earthrise
1944:Apollo 17
1939:Apollo 16
1934:Apollo 15
1929:Apollo 14
1924:Apollo 13
1919:Apollo 12
1914:Apollo 11
1909:Apollo 10
1780:Saturn IB
1599:Apollo 17
1587:Apollo 16
1575:Apollo 15
1563:Apollo 14
1551:Apollo 12
1539:Apollo 11
1445:Stereogum
1270:Space.com
1019:Apollo 12
943:First Man
902:Apollo 15
712:, as its
495:0°42′50″N
402:Apollo 11
193:Apollo 11
2119:Columbia
1997:Apollo 6
1992:Apollo 4
1904:Apollo 9
1899:Apollo 8
1894:Apollo 7
1889:Apollo 1
1873:Apollo 6
1868:Apollo 5
1863:Apollo 4
1836:Uncrewed
1785:Saturn V
1775:Saturn I
1423:July 19,
1326:June 30,
1300:July 22,
1005:Moonbase
984:See also
663:moonwalk
528:Columbia
485:Surveyor
232:Columbia
73:Location
2476:Related
2292:Journey
2057:flights
2055:Pegasus
1829:Flights
1451:May 12,
1378:Pub. L.
1210:History
1064:Nov 27,
762:Gallery
710:Houston
659:US flag
582:Houston
314:Related
230:CM-107
142:Founder
132: (
2445:Skylab
2213:J002E3
2074:AS-105
2069:AS-104
2064:AS-103
1987:AS-203
1953:Saturn
1882:Crewed
1858:AS-202
1853:AS-201
1848:AS-102
1843:AS-101
1770:Saturn
1522:Apollo
1395:
1384:
1234:
1111:
1060:, 1969
1017:, the
906:Moltke
831:Double
821:, and
647:Kapton
643:Eagle'
637:About
621:Status
465:UNESCO
463:, and
276:Hornet
2127:Eagle
2045:A-004
2035:A-003
2030:A-002
2025:A-001
1393:Stat.
1389:(PDF)
1320:(PDF)
1082:(PDF)
1054:(PDF)
1035:Notes
970:band
886:Eagle
866:Eagle
784:Eagle
706:Texas
615:Latin
587:Eagle
566:Eagle
534:Eagle
457:Texas
440:Eagle
418:Eagle
398:Earth
380:Latin
239:Eagle
41:Eagle
37:with
1982:SA-5
1977:SA-4
1972:SA-3
1967:SA-2
1453:2018
1425:2019
1418:Time
1397:3357
1361:2012
1328:2019
1302:2013
1232:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1086:NASA
1066:2015
955:Styx
696:and
629:The
545:Name
477:NASA
451:and
408:and
390:Moon
274:USS
202:Crew
148:and
81:Moon
65:Type
2015:QTV
924:by
575:UTC
423:UTC
2521::
1442:.
1416:.
1350:.
1336:^
1293:.
1268:.
1208:.
1056:,
946:.
689:.
382::
333:·
329:·
325:·
321:·
302:·
298:·
294:·
272:·
235:·
213:·
209:·
162:,
79:,
2460:4
2455:3
2450:2
1702:B
1697:A
1635:e
1628:t
1621:v
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1597:(
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1537:(
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1117:.
962:.
908:.
378:(
364:e
357:t
350:v
136:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
