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GPS and the integrated digital map technology is rapidly become the choice of many mountaineers in place the traditional paper map and compass. Additionally, some camera's have a GPS module included internally that allow the digital image to contain geographic coordinates that can help determine the
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The personal experience coupled with the memory of an environment can change as a function of these mapping variations. Experiments have demonstrated that by reducing spatial details through âgraphic generalizationâ one can increase memory. Likewise, verbally presented information additionally
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Interactive web services like
Wikimapia and Google Maps support user-generated and modifiable maps. Users can import and âmashupâ shared source code into their own mapping service or they can geotag online content using markup languages to share information about their geographic location. New
51:, sizes, formats, and media, depending on the audience and purpose of the map. Some trail maps have been extensively edited for content giving detail about nearby features, places of interest, or interesting facts, while some maps may only give minimal information of the trail.
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digital geospatial information is captured from normal activities of daily life, such as public transit agencies tracking locations of electronic payment with cards to board a bus, or GPS enabled cell phones that can track our movements and location.
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Hiking sometimes requires planning. Some web sites offer hikers necessary preparation âmust-havesâ when packing for a trip as well as information about various trails around the country. Included in the list of these essentials is the trail map.
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devices. The maps help give the reader a graphic representation of the environment and may vary in the level of spatiality and labeling. Additionally, the written descriptions of a place also vary in the levels of spatial and labeling detail.
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location where the picture was taken. GPS has also helped with research and expeditions. GPS devices, along with satellite data has helped determine the heights of mountain peaks as well as the depths of subterranean pits and caves.
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Navigating through, to, and away from people's destinations require, in many instances, the use of maps, descriptions of or around those places, and/or a combination of these displayed on paper or through today's extended market of
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Elwood, S. (2008). "Volunteered geographic information: key questions, concepts and methods to guide emerging research and practice." GeoJournal 72(3): 133-135 Academic Search
Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed March 20,
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Brunyé, T. T., H. A. Taylor, et al. (2007) Levels of Detail in
Descriptions and Depictions of Geographic Space. Spatial Cognition & Computation, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 7: 227-266.
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used to aid in navigation and can symbolize an assorted amount of information of a particular area or contain only a single representation of the data it represents.
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96:, The (Morgantown, WV): Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost ( accessed March 20, 2009)
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reveals the importance of a balance between spatial and verbal detail in maps.
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Eades, G. (2008). "Myth, Artifice, Nets." Cartographica 43(3): 207-209.
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Plum, K. (2006). Trail maps make exercise a walk in a state park.
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