98:'s concept of fully tunable toms, the Slingerland drum and banjo company were the first, in 1936, to begin offering fully tunable tom-toms (top and bottom heads) with metal or wooden rims, tension rods, and lugs. Most Chinese toms were 10 to 14 inches in diameter, but the American drum companies were eventually producing a wider range of diameters and depths. These drums were usually clamped to the bass drum rims or sat in cradles as floor stand drums. The sizes that Krupa chose became the "standard" for many decades and they were 13 × 9″ (mounted) and 16 × 16″ (floor). Later, mounted on three (or, if larger than 16 × 16″, four) legs were attached to the floor tom designs. Together with a snare drum and a bass drum of varying size, the combination of the four drums became a "set". (The term "kit" did not appear until the mid 1960s.)
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207:"FAST" sizes are 10×8, 12×9, 13×10, etc., a marketing term used by DW, although not unique to DW, but with all drum manufacturers. The "New standard" sizes - 10×9, 12×10, 13×11, etc. are 2" deeper than what was considered "standard" in the 1950s. "Power" toms are one inch deeper than standard, with sizes of 10×9 or 10×10, 12×11, 13×12, which overtook the classic setup in popularity during the 1980s. Square - 10×10, 12×12, 13×13, etc., have been common in the 1980s and 1990s. Hyperdrive are shallow depths made popular initially by Tama: 10×6.5, 12×7, 13×7.5, etc.
388:, one or two cast or pressed metal rims attach by threaded tension rods or lugs to nut boxes bolted onto the shell and hold the heads onto the bearing edges of the shell. The tension rod assembly needs to be precision-machined, cast and fitted to enable predictable and secure tuning without inhibiting resonance or introducing extra vibration. All components will be placed under great tension and experience added stresses from playing.
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134:
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340:. Shell depth standards vary according to the era of manufacture and drum style. Tom-toms are typically made in diameters of: 6 in (15 cm), 8 in (20 cm), 10 in (25 cm), 12 in (30 cm), 13 in (33 cm), 14 in (36 cm), 15 in (38 cm), 16 in (41 cm) and 18 in (46 cm), with heads to fit.
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is a double-skin drum, most often but not always as deep as its diameter, traditionally mounted on three legs and to the drummer's right for a right-handed drummer. It is normally the deepest-toned drum played by sticks in the kit, above the bass drum but below all others, and the most resonant, more
89:
The
British colonists complained loudly about the noise generated by the "tom-toms" of the natives throughout South Asia. It is likely that the term tom-toms thus comes from their experiences in colonial Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon) or South India. The term "tom-tom" also has variants in the Telugu
90:
and Hindi languages, but only in Sri Lanka is there an indigenous drum with the same name (thammattama). Perhaps because of
Westerners' lack of experience with Asian cultures, the term is often misattributed to the Chinese, given that "tam-tam" in Western classical music refers to a Chinese gong.
85:
The drum called "Thammattama", played by the
Sinhala people of Sri Lanka, is used in a number of Buddhist rituals in that country. It is commonly heard in Buddhist temples paired along with the reed instrument called horanava. This may be etymologically derived from the Tamil term "Thappattam" or
395:
Another sort of rod clamp system allows attachment of the drum to the tom holder without the need of a hole in the drum shell for the rod to pass through. The clamp is attached to the shell at the nodal point with two bolts so as to allow the shell to vibrate freely without degrading the shell's
364:, resin-composite). Wood or composite shells can be finished by laminating in plastic in a large variety of colours and effects (e. g. sparkle or polychromatic); natural wood may be stained or left natural and painted with clear lacquer. Steel is usually chromed, fibreglass self-coloured and
270:
and some composers write for them as a tuned instrument, demanding specific notes. They can be tuned quickly by rotating the head. Since the head rotates on a thread, this raises or lowers the head relative to the rim of the drum and so increases or decreases the tension in the head.
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In the 1950-1980s the standard depth rack toms were 12×8 and 13×9. This "classic" configuration is still popular. Concert toms came in the early 1970s, with Ludwig producing single headed toms in 6x5.5, 8x5.5, 10x6.5, 12x8, 13x9, 14x10, 15x12, 16x14, etc. mounted in pairs on a stand.
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Mounting systems vary greatly, from a simple cast block on the shell which accepts and clamps to a rod attached to a clamp or holder to much more sophisticated arrangements where there is no attachment to the shell, instead a frame clamps to the tuning lugs.
180:
A basic fusion configuration refers to a set-up which has 10", 12" and 14" diameter toms. Note that these terms do not imply drum depths, so for example, the 14" in a fusion setup could have depth 10, 11, 12, or could be a 14×14 floor tom.
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Shells are often constructed of 6–8 wood plies (often using different woods e. g. mahogany and falkata — birch or maple are commonly used for single-wood plies), solid wood (turned) or man-made materials (e. g. fibreglass, pressed steel,
283:(also known as "gong drum"), is a large, single-headed tom often sized at 20 in (51 cm) or 22 in (56 cm), with the drumhead being 2 in (5.1 cm) larger than the shell. The sound produced is similar to a
355:
A crucial factor in achieving superior tone quality and insuring durability, especially with wood, is the creation of perfectly round shells and much research and development has been put into this manufacturing technology.
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The first
American drum set toms had no rims and were usually what were referred to as "Chinese" tom toms. The pigskin heads were tacked to the wooden shells with metal tacks. Through close collaboration with
145:
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A wide variety of configurations have been available and in use at all levels from advanced student kits upwards. Most toms range in size between 6 and 20 inches (15 and 51 cm) in diameter, though
458:
476:
287:, though it is more open and has longer sustain. They can be mounted with standard floor tom legs, though many drummers mount them at an angle next to the floor tom(s). Notable users include
86:"Thappu", a frame drum associated with South Indian Tamil culture. However, the tom-tom drums on the Western drum set clearly resemble the Sri Lankan version more than the frame drum.
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dynamic range and sustain. The nodal point is the location on a shell with the least amount of vibration allowing for the mount to have minimal effect on the resonance of the shell.
184:
The terms "fusion" and "rock" are marketing terms invented by drum manufacturing companies, and there is no absolute definition for them; more a case of an accepted norm.
604:
Roberts, Michael (1990). "Noise as cultural struggle: tom-tom beating, the
British and communal disturbances in Sri Lanka, 1880s-1930s". In Das, Veena (ed.).
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used four single-headed rack-mount toms and two floor toms (Gretsch) in his setup. They are generally easier to tune as they have no bottom head to adjust.
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in the early part of the 20th century. Most toms range in size between 6 and 20 inches (15 and 51 cm) in diameter, though
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have no shell at all, just a single head and a steel frame. Unlike most other drums, they have a variable definite
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in inches used throughout this article. For a more detailed description of the conventions and their usage, see
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In the 50s and early 60s, it was common to have only a single hanging tom (a 13") and a single floor tom (16").
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has also been used to describe double- or single-headed tom-tom drums designed for use in a
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have a single head and a shell slightly shallower than the corresponding double-headed tom.
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A basic rock configuration consists of 12" and 13" hanging toms, and a 16" floor tom with
8:
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Tom-toms can be fitted with an adjustable mounting for a floor stand, or attachment to a
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12 in × 8 in (30 cm × 20 cm) rack tom mounted to a stand
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Some drummers use a snare stand to hold and to make it easier to position the tom.
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Crucible of
Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka
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simply removed the bottom heads from his hanging toms to create concert toms
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Typically, a tom consists of a shell, chromed or plated metal hardware and
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109:, were deepened by one inch each, these sizes being called
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519:
Oxford
English Dictionary, 1st Edition, Oxford: OUP, 1928
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531:
The
Musical Gift: Sonic Generosity in Post-War Sri Lanka
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A shell-mounted clamp attached to ball-head floor stand.
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or marching rig. They can be single- or double-headed.
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1161:
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30:"Tom toms" redirects here. For other uses, see
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656:The Complete History of the Leedy Drum Company
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734:"Pearl Drums - Philharmonic PTA Concert Toms"
608:. Oxford University Press. pp. 240–285.
77:can go as large as 24 inches (61 cm).
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130:can go as large as 24 inches (61 cm).
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1114:Classification of percussion instruments
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799:List of percussion instruments by type
558:. Createspace Independent Publishing.
232:Single-headed tom-toms, also known as
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161:
653:
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556:Sri Lankan Drumming; The Thammattama
113:. Extra-deep hanging toms, known as
708:Aldridge, John (31 December 2000).
24:
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101:Later, the mounted toms, known as
25:
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1185:Orchestral percussion instruments
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80:
1144:List of vibraphone manufacturers
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726:
679:Dean, Matt (29 December 2011).
1170:Directly struck membranophones
795:List of percussion instruments
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13:
1:
1149:List of timpani manufacturers
1139:List of marimba manufacturers
658:. Centerstream Publications.
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210:
1129:List of cymbal manufacturers
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332:Construction and manufacture
328:so than even the bass drum.
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7:
712:. Centerstream Publishing.
533:. Oxford University Press.
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258:
255:rather than in a drum kit.
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1134:List of drum manufacturers
1083:Indoor percussion ensemble
579:McGilvray, Dennis (2008).
29:
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583:. Duke University Press.
554:Balonek, Michael (2013).
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350:
786:Percussion instruments
710:Guide to Vintage Drums
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191:Tom-toms mounted on a
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69:. It was added to the
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1034:Electronic percussion
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223:
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175:drum size conventions
141:for (up to six) toms.
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40:
1061:Percussion groupings
911:Unpitched percussion
631:The Slingerland Book
1180:Drum kit components
1093:Percussion ensemble
1073:Marching percussion
816:Keyboard percussion
681:The Drum: A History
606:Mirrors of Violence
529:Sykes, Jim (2018).
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157:Classic rock setups
53:) is a cylindrical
1088:Percussion section
807:Pitched percussion
654:Cook, Rob (1993).
629:Cook, Rob (2004).
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162:Standard diameters
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1124:Percussion mallet
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633:. Rebeats Press.
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496:Wikimedia Commons
452:12-inch rack tom
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368:tinted or clear.
61:, named from the
49:(also known as a
16:(Redirected from
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67:Sinhala language
27:Cylindrical drum
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224:In the 1970s,
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1042:Drum machine
834:Glockenspiel
742:. Retrieved
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309:Mike Portnoy
297:Bill Bruford
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253:concert band
248:
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242:Phil Collins
238:Concert toms
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234:concert toms
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115:cannon depth
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103:hanging toms
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63:Anglo-Indian
50:
46:
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1098:Drum circle
249:concert tom
1164:Categories
1119:Drum stick
1024:Wood block
999:Tambourine
989:Snare drum
859:Vibraphone
744:2012-02-28
665:0931759749
640:1888408103
507:References
470:Floor tom
423:Ogg Vorbis
413:Component
313:Dom Howard
289:Neil Peart
211:Variations
128:floor toms
111:power toms
96:Gene Krupa
75:floor toms
979:Mark tree
944:Castanets
919:Bass drum
864:Xylophone
849:Tubaphone
345:bass drum
325:floor tom
319:Floor tom
285:bass drum
247:The term
193:bass drum
137:Standard
107:rack toms
1068:Drum kit
1019:Triangle
1014:Timbales
887:Steelpan
877:Handbell
829:Crotales
824:Carillon
498:for more
494:page at
490:See the
416:Content
372:Hardware
264:Rototoms
259:Rototoms
71:drum kit
57:with no
47:tom drum
1052:Octapad
1004:Tam-tam
974:Maracas
964:Cymbals
959:Cowbell
924:Bodhrán
897:Timpani
882:Handpan
839:Marimba
419:Audio
51:tom-tom
32:Tom tom
18:Tom-tom
969:Djembe
949:Claves
934:Cabasa
929:Bongos
716:
691:
662:
637:
612:
587:
562:
537:
59:snares
1175:Drums
1107:Other
994:Taiko
984:Parai
954:Conga
939:Cajón
892:Tabla
492:Drums
478:39 KB
460:41 KB
442:59 KB
431:Toms
403:Sound
351:Shell
268:pitch
714:ISBN
689:ISBN
660:ISBN
635:ISBN
610:ISBN
585:ISBN
560:ISBN
535:ISBN
384:For
338:head
311:and
147:play
65:and
55:drum
177:.
105:or
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683:.
323:A
315:.
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425:)
421:(
34:.
20:)
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