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975:. Indeed, in addition to fire and earth, which make bodies visible and solid, a third element was required as a mean: "two things cannot be rightly put together without a third; there must be some bond of union between them". Moreover, since the world is not a surface but a solid, a fourth mean was needed to reach harmony: therefore, the creator placed water and air between fire and earth. "And for these reasons, and out of such elements which are in number four, the body of the world was created, and it was harmonised by proportion" (31â33).
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960:. Since the unintelligent creatures are in their appearance less fair than intelligent creatures, and since intelligence needs to be settled in a soul, the demiurge "put intelligence in soul, and soul in body" in order to make a living and intelligent whole. "Wherefore, using the language of probability, we may say that the world became a living creature truly endowed with soul and intelligence by the providence of God" (30aâb).
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945:) were shapeless, mixed and in constant motion. Considering that order is favourable over disorder, the essential act of the creator was to bring order and clarity to this substance. Therefore, all the properties of the world are to be explained by the demiurge's choice of what is fair and good; or, the idea of a
1039:(Χ) and connected them at their ends, to have two crossing circles. The demiurge imparted on them a circular movement on their axis: the outer circle was assigned Sameness and turned horizontally to the right, while the inner circle was assigned to Difference and turned diagonally and to the left (34câ36c).
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in between their indivisible and their corporeal, divisible counterparts. And he took the three mixtures and mixed them together to make a uniform mixture, forcing the
Different, which was hard to mix, into conformity with the Same. Now when he had mixed these two with Being, and from the three had
1058:
Therefore, having been composed by
Sameness, Difference and Existence (their mean), and formed in right proportions, the soul declares the sameness or difference of every object it meets: when it is a sensible object, the inner circle of the Diverse transmit its movement to the soul, where opinions
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The demiurge gave the primacy to the motion of
Sameness and left it undivided; but he divided the motion of Difference in six parts, to have seven unequal circles. He prescribed these circles to move in opposite directions, three of them with equal speeds, the others with unequal speeds, but always
1183:
and the 45-45-90 triangles. The faces of each element could be broken down into its component right-angled triangles, either isosceles or scalene, which could then be put together to form all of physical matter. Particular characteristics of matter, such as water's capacity to extinguish fire, was
885:
The speeches about the two worlds are conditioned by the different nature of their objects. Indeed, "a description of what is changeless, fixed and clearly intelligible will be changeless and fixed," (29b), while a description of what changes and is likely, will also change and be just likely. "As
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Then, the demiurge connected the body and the soul of the universe: he diffused the soul from the center of the body to its extremities in every direction, allowing the invisible soul to envelop the visible body. The soul began to rotate and this was the beginning of its eternal and rational life
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Timaeus continues with an explanation of the creation of the universe, which he ascribes to the handiwork of a divine craftsman. The demiurge, being good, wanted there to be as much good as was the world. The demiurge is said to bring order out of substance by imitating an unchanging and eternal
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There have been, and will be again, many destructions of mankind arising out of many causes; the greatest have been brought about by the agencies of fire and water, and other lesser ones by innumerable other causes. There is a story that even you have preserved, that once upon a time,
1047:: the three moving at equal speeds are the Sun, Venus and Mercury, while the four moving at unequal speeds are the Moon, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn (36câd). The complicated pattern of these movements is bound to be repeated again after a period called a 'complete' or
1188:, whose faces are not triangular, and which was taken to represent the shape of the Universe as a whole, possibly because of all the elements it most approximates a sphere, which Timaeus has already noted was the shape into which God had formed the Universe.
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or a god, a figure
Timaeus refers to as the father and maker of the universe. And since the universe is fair, the demiurge must have looked to the eternal model to make it, and not to the perishable one (29a). Hence, using the eternal and perfect world of
1836:
Jayne, S. (1995). The
Chrysoloras Revival of Plato in Italy (1350â1456). In: Plato in Renaissance England. Archives Internationales DâHistoire des IdĂ©es / International Archives of the History of Ideas, vol 141. Springer, Dordrecht.
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once more, one indivisible and another divisible). From this emerged three compound substances, intermediate (or mixed) Being, intermediate
Sameness, and intermediate Difference. From this compound one final substance resulted, the
982:. Indeed, the round figure is the most perfect one, because it comprehends or averages all the other figures and it is the most omnimorphic of all figures: "he considered that the like is infinitely fairer than the unlike" (33b).
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who appears in this dialogue, but his grandfather, also named
Critias. At the beginning of the dialogue, the absence of another, unknown dialogue participant, present on the day before, is bemoaned. It has been suggested from some
784:, and how Athens used to be an ideal state that subsequently waged war against Atlantis (25a). Critias believes that he is getting ahead of himself, and mentions that Timaeus will tell part of the account from the origin of the
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that is indivisible and always changeless, and the one that is divisible and comes to be in the corporeal realm, he mixed a third, intermediate form of being, derived from the other two. Similarly, he made a mixture of the
773:. Socrates feels that his description of the ideal state was not sufficient for the purposes of entertainment and that "I would be glad to hear some account of it engaging in transactions with other states" (19b).
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world. The physical one is the world which changes and perishes: therefore it is the object of opinion and unreasoned sensation. The eternal one never changes: therefore it is apprehended by reason (28a).
816:, because he was not able to drive them in the path of his father, burnt up all that was upon the earth, and was himself destroyed by a thunderbolt. Now this has the form of a myth, but really signifies a
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world (31b). Additionally, because the demiurge wanted his creation to be a perfect imitation of the
Eternal "One" (the source of all other emanations), there was no need to create more than one world.
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made a single mixture, he redivided the whole mixture into as many parts as his task required, each part remaining a mixture of the Same, the
Different and Being." (35a-b), translation Donald J. Zeyl
529:
996:, placed that soul in the center of the world's body and diffused it in every direction. Having thus been created as a perfect, self-sufficient and intelligent being, the world is a
1583:" were originally held; it "gives space" and has maternal overtones (a womb, matrix). For recent studies on this notion and its impact not only in history of philosophy but on
1243:
in the 4th century AD (up to section 53c). Cicero's fragmentary translation was highly influential in late antiquity, especially on Latin-speaking Church
Fathers such as Saint
1062:
The world as a whole, the planets, and the stars are living, visible gods (39e) that have an important role in creating human beings and regulating their moral life (41d).
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For a fuller discussion, see Bartninkas, V. (2023). Traditional and Cosmic Gods in Later Plato and the Early Academy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 44-51, 96-104.
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being is to becoming, so is truth to belief" (29c). Therefore, in a description of the physical world, one "should not look for anything more than a likely story" (29d).
1332:
was the sole work of Plato which was typically available in monastic libraries. In the fourteenth century, Petrarch (1304-1374) noted having difficulty locating a copy.
1035:. He then divided following precise mathematical proportions, cutting the compound lengthways, fixed the resulting two bands in their middle, like in the letter
1008:
Timaeus then explains how the soul of the world was created (Plato's following discussion is obscure, and almost certainly intended to be read in light of the
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963:
Then, since the part is imperfect compared to the whole, the world had to be one and only. Therefore, the demiurge did not create several worlds, but a
1722:
776:
Hermocrates wishes to oblige Socrates and mentions that Critias knows just the account (20b) to do so. Critias proceeds to tell the story of
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of the bodies moving in the heavens around the earth, and a great conflagration of things upon the earth, which recurs after long intervals.
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1983:
Edited by D. J. O'Meara, 195â218. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy 13. Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press.
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1175:: the element of earth would be a cube, of air an octahedron, of water an icosahedron, and of fire a tetrahedron. Each of these perfect
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360 BC. The work puts forward reasoning on the possible nature of the physical world and human beings and is followed by the dialogue
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1313:(809 â 873 AD) corrected this translation or translated the entire work himself. However, only the circulation of many exegeses of
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arise, but when it is an intellectual object, the circle of the Same turns perfectly round and true knowledge arises (37aâc).
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The dialogue takes place the day after Socrates described his ideal state. In Plato's works, such a discussion occurs in the
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thought constituted the physical universe: earth, water, air, and fire. Timaeus links each of these elements to a certain
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who did not appear to have access to the original Greek dialogue. The manuscript production and preservation of Cicero's
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For psychic diseases, see Douglas R. Campbell, "The Soul's Tomb: Plato on the Body as the Cause of Psychic Disorders,"
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1999:
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1579:(ÏÏÏα). This designates a receptacle (Timaeus 48e), a space, a material substratum, or an interval in which the "
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Timaeus suggests that since nothing "becomes or changes" without cause, then the cause of the universe must be a
76:
898:" or ideals as a template, he set about creating our world, which formerly only existed in a state of disorder.
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comments, "Of all the writings of Plato, the Timaeus is the most obscure and repulsive to the modern reader."
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The creator decided also to make the perceptible body of the universe by four elements, in order to render it
3777:
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1251:(among many other Latin philosophical works) is largely due to the works of monastic scholars, especially at
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then related to shape and size of the constituent triangles. The fifth element (i.e. Platonic solid) was the
1180:
1532:"The components from which he made the soul and the way in which he made it were as follows: In between the
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989:, which is the "most appropriate to mind and intelligence" on account of its being the most uniform (34a).
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The dialogue was also highly influential in Arabic-speaking regions beginning in the 10th century AD. The
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Plato offers an analysis of third kind of reality, between the intelligible and the sensible, namely as
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55 (1): 119-139. 2022. For bodily diseases, see Harold W. Miller, "The Aetiology of Disease in Plato's
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1207:. Plato also discusses the creation of the body, as well as the causes of bodily and psychic diseases.
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1321:'s commentary on the dialogue being highly influential in the Arabic-speaking world, with Galen's
1282:, who, interpreting it in the light of the Christian faith, understood the dialogue to refer to a
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913:, often translated as 'Necessity', was the only other co-existent element or presence in Plato's
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Slaveva-Griffin, Svetla. (2005). "'A Feast of Speeches': Form and Content in Plato's Timaeus."
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Osborne, C. (1996). "Space, Time, Shape, and Direction: Creative Discourse in the Timaeus." In
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Morgan, K. A. (1998). "Designer History: Plato's Atlantis Story and Fourth-Century Ideology".
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Campbell, Douglas R. "The Soul's Tomb: Plato on the Body as the Cause of Psychic Disorders,"
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cosmology and was commented on particularly by 12th-century Christian philosophers of the
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The extensive final part of the dialogue addresses the creation of humans, including the
917:. Later Platonists clarified that the eternal model existed in the mind of the demiurge.
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with the Old Testament creation story in Genesis in his commentary on the dialogue.
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Timaeus describes the substance as a lack of homogeneity or balance, in which the
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1286:. Calcidius himself never explicitly linked the Platonic creation myth in the
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1935:
Plato's Cosmology: The Timaeus of Plato, Translated with a Running Commentary
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Timaeus makes conjectures on the composition of the four elements which some
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As for the figure, the demiurge created the world in the geometric form of a
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51:
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Pears, Colin David. (2015-2016). "Congruency and Evil in Plato's Timaeus."
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Cosmos and Perception in Plato's Timaeus: In the Eye of the Cognitive Storm
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The Story of Science: From the Writings of Aristotle to the Big Bang Theory
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828:. The main content of the dialogue, the exposition by Timaeus, follows.
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2824:
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2443:
1200:
1176:
1133:
1079:
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701:, and Critias. Some scholars believe that it is not the Critias of the
419:
141:
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Timaeus claims that the minute particle of each element had a special
877:
Timaeus begins with a distinction between the physical world, and the
3510:
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2012:
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association
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Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association
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33:
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Morrow, G. R. 1950. "Necessity and Persuasion in Plato's Timaeus."
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1022:(again, one indivisible and another divisible), and two types of
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272:
1902:
Traditional and Cosmic Gods in Later Plato and the Early Academy
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3244:
2845:
2064:
Edited by C. Gill and M. M. McCabe, 179â211. Oxford: Clarendon.
1646:
Analecta Husserliana: The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research
1309:'s circle). It is believed that the Syrian Nestorian Christian
1236:
1153:
909:
809:
763:("The Subterranean World") (1669), drawn with south at the top.
181:
1328:
During much of the Middle Ages in the Latin-speaking West the
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On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates
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1988:
Plato's Natural Philosophy: A Study of the Timaeus-Critias
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http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/cicero_timaeus.html
1018:(one indivisible and another divisible), two varieties of
1014:). The demiurge combined three elements: two varieties of
738:, although this assertion is generally considered false.
41:
3065:
533:
2040:
From Plato to Lancelot: A Preface to Chretien de Troyes
2006:
Miller, Harold W. "The Aetiology of Disease in Plato's
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2037:
1979:
Lennox, J. (1985). "Plato's Unnatural Teleology." In
1740:
The Intellectual Revolution in Twelfth Century Europe
985:
The creator assigned then to the world a rotatory or
623:
2069:
The Review of Metaphysics: A Philosophical Quarterly
2018:
One Book, the Whole Universe: Plato's Timaeus Today.
605:
1301:provides some evidence for an early translation by
1043:in proportion. These circles are the orbits of the
614:
611:
2257:"Platonic Solids and Plato's Theory of Everything"
1805:Galen and the Arabic traditions of Plato's Timaeus
1737:
1325:being preserved in a medieval Arabic translation.
1179:would be in turn composed of triangular faces the
840:A printed edition of 'Timaeus' in Latin, from 1491
1937:. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
1003:
668:, mostly in the form of long monologues given by
3764:
780:'s journey to Egypt where he hears the story of
1607:, Vol. XI, Issue 3-4 (2001), pp. 473â490;
844:
831:
799:about long-term factors on the fate of mankind:
1239:around 45 BC (sections 27dâ47b), and later by
3081:
2289:
2016:Mohr, R. D., and B. M. Sattler, eds. (2010).
1773:. Harvard University Press. pp. viiiâxi.
1735:
1262:Calcidius' more extensive translation of the
920:
869:, anachronistically carrying a bound copy of
575:
2087:Chorology: On Beginning in Plato's "Timaeus"
2081:
1629:, Vol. IV, Issue 1-2 (2004), pp. 73â98
3088:
3074:
2296:
2282:
2078:Notre Dame, IN: Univ. of Notre Dame Press.
1721:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1696:. Cambridge University Press. p. 220.
901:
812:, having yoked the steeds in his father's
582:
568:
2231:(includes Benjamin Jowett's introduction)
1442:Greek Philosophy, Part 1: Thales to Plato
3673:List of manuscripts of Plato's dialogues
1990:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1958:
1508:(1817-1893) reproduced in, for example,
1317:is confirmed. There is also evidence of
1214:
1152:
848:
835:
824:The history of Atlantis is postponed to
745:
2421:The unexamined life is not worth living
1917:Nature and Divinity in Plato's Timaeus.
1905:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1785:"Arabic Translations of Platonic works"
1694:Plato's Timaeus and the Latin Tradition
1466:Nails, Debra (2002). "Critias III," in
3765:
2217:, in a collection of Plato's Dialogues
2114:
1993:
1824:History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps
1691:
1648:, Vol. LXXXIII (2004), pp. 25â45.
3652:List of speakers in Plato's dialogues
3069:
2277:
1919:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
1853:
1768:
1709:Corbie in the Carolingian Renaissance
659:
1706:
506:Allegorical interpretations of Plato
2194:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2180:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1801:
1485:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1470:. Indianapolis: Hackett, pp. 106â7.
1266:had a strong influence on medieval
1235:was translated into Latin first by
13:
2620:Serenade after Plato's "Symposium"
2499:Double Herm of Socrates and Seneca
2074:Reydams-Schils, G. J. ed. (2003).
1820:"A Likely Story - Plato's Timaeus"
1210:
14:
3809:
2252:in English and Greek side by side
2124:
2076:Plato's Timaeus as Cultural Icon.
1802:Das, Aileen R. (September 2013).
1679:Cicero's version can be found at
3455:
3052:
3051:
2350:
2164:
2062:Form and Argument in Late Plato.
1255:in North-East France during the
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1092:
601:
549:
40:
3793:Historical physics publications
2117:A Commentary on Plato's Timaeus
2000:Librairie philosophique J. Vrin
1893:
1847:
1830:
1812:
1795:
1777:
1762:
1729:
1700:
1685:
1673:
1652:
1455:A commentary on Plato's Timaeus
1335:In his introduction to Plato's
1065:
741:
730:was influenced by a book about
3678:Cultural influence of Plato's
2038:Murray, K. Sarah-Jane (2008).
1994:Martin, Thomas Henry (1981) .
1953:Plato's Philosophy of Science.
1569:
1558:
1549:
1526:
1498:
1473:
1460:
1447:
1434:
1004:The creation of the world-soul
1:
2247:Bilingual Edition of Plato's
1996:Ătudes sur le TimĂ©e de Platon
1808:(phd). University of Warwick.
1771:On Plato's Timaeus. Calcidius
956:First of all, the world is a
723:
719:
677:
3691:Platonism in the Renaissance
3543:Plato's political philosophy
2303:
2155:Resources in other libraries
845:Nature of the physical world
832:Synopsis of Timaeus' account
649:
7:
3686:Neoplatonism and Gnosticism
2025:Journal of Hellenic Studies
1959:Kalderon, Mark Eli (2023).
1931:Cornford, Francis Macdonald
1843:10.1007/978-94-015-8551-4_1
1601:: Receiving Plato's Timaeus
1457:. Oxford: Clarendon, p. 23.
1444:. London: Macmillan, p. 328
1346:
511:Plato's unwritten doctrines
122:Analogy of the divided line
10:
3814:
2414:I know that I know nothing
2234:R. G. Bury translation at
2115:Taylor, Alfred E. (1928).
2020:Las Vegas, NV: Parmenides.
1863:(1st ed.). New York:
1692:Hoenig, Christina (2018).
1636:and the Interpretation of
1605:Existentia Meletai-Sophias
1339:, 19th-century translator
1205:transmigration of the soul
921:Properties of the universe
637:
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3582:
3464:
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3103:
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3049:
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2601:The Plot to Save Socrates
2576:
2525:
2490:
2477:
2430:
2405:
2359:
2348:
2329:
2311:
2150:Resources in your library
2044:Syracuse University Press
1440:See Burnet, John (1913).
1392:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
2377:Socratic intellectualism
2091:Indiana University Press
1986:Johansen, Thomas. 2004.
1981:Platonic Investigations.
1965:. Taylor & Francis.
1514:(Llewelyn Worldwide 2007
1427:
992:Finally, he created the
2502:(3rd-century sculpture)
1899:Bartninkas, V. (2023).
1627:Studia Phaenomenologica
1219:Medieval manuscript of
902:Purpose of the universe
791:Critias also cites the
3798:Metaphysics literature
2542:Der geduldige Socrates
1926:55 (1): 119â139. 2022.
1736:Stiefel, Tina (1985).
1228:
1164:
874:
841:
822:
764:
3788:Ancient Greek physics
3642:The Academy in Athens
3498:Platonic epistemology
2507:The Death of Socrates
1789:Encyclopedia of Plato
1422:Teleological argument
1237:Marcus Tullius Cicero
1218:
1156:
852:
839:
801:
749:
714:(3rd century BC) and
556:Philosophy portal
491:The Academy in Athens
3778:Books about Atlantis
3041:Religious skepticism
2397:Socratic questioning
2270:at Baylor University
2119:. Oxford: Clarendon.
2032:Philosophical Review
1951:Gregory, A. (2000).
1915:Broadie, S. (2012).
1769:Magee, John (2016).
1596:Qui-ĂȘtes vous KhĂŽra?
1541:and then one of the
1510:John Michael Greer,
862:The School of Athens
689:Participants in the
112:Allegory of the cave
77:Political philosophy
3751:Poitier Meets Plato
3668:Unwritten doctrines
2588:(1st-century essay)
2321:Cultural depictions
2189:"Plato: Organicism"
1632:; Nader El-Bizri, "
1565:Plato, Timaeus, 53c
1468:The People of Plato
1453:Taylor, AE (1928).
1412:Religious cosmology
1276:Thierry of Chartres
1139:Icosahedron (water)
760:Mundus Subterraneus
712:Hermippus of Smyrna
661:[tÇËmaiÌŻos]
3783:Physical cosmology
3773:Dialogues of Plato
3718:Oxyrhynchus Papyri
2628:Barefoot in Athens
1955:London: Duckworth.
1746:St. Martin's Press
1670:93: 175-187. 1962.
1625:and the Timaeus,"
1402:Esoteric cosmology
1280:William of Conches
1229:
1165:
1129:Tetrahedron (fire)
907:model (paradigm).
875:
842:
765:
751:Athanasius Kircher
524:Related categories
151:The works of Plato
117:Analogy of the Sun
3760:
3759:
3474:Euthyphro dilemma
3451:
3450:
3428:Second Alcibiades
3063:
3062:
3024:Euthyphro dilemma
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
2888:Second Alcibiades
2585:De genio Socratis
2566:Socrates on Trial
2372:Socratic dialogue
2337:Trial of Socrates
2226:Project Gutenberg
2131:Library resources
2100:978-0-253-21308-2
2053:978-0-8156-3160-6
1972:978-1-000-86230-0
1944:978-0-87220-386-0
1874:978-0-393-24326-0
1865:W. W. Norton
1855:Bauer, Susan Wise
1755:978-0-312-41892-2
1707:Ganz, D. (1990).
1587:see for example:
1284:creatio ex nihilo
1151:
1150:
994:soul of the world
987:circular movement
949:between good and
708:Diogenes Laertius
666:Plato's dialogues
646:
592:
591:
252:Second Alcibiades
82:Euthyphro dilemma
16:Dialogue by Plato
3805:
3711:and Christianity
3696:Middle Platonism
3647:Socratic problem
3609:The Divided Line
3548:Philosopher king
3531:Form of the Good
3484:Cardinal virtues
3459:
3315:
3314:
3168:First Alcibiades
3090:
3083:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3029:Form of the Good
3000:Socratic Letters
2748:First Alcibiades
2653:
2652:
2518:(1950 sculpture)
2488:
2487:
2392:Socratic paradox
2354:
2342:Socratic problem
2298:
2291:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2268:Digby 23 Project
2264:
2240:York University
2209:Greek Wikisource
2198:
2184:
2175:Zalta, Edward N.
2120:
2104:
2057:
2003:
1976:
1948:
1887:
1886:
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1567:
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1556:
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1547:
1530:
1524:
1521:978-0-73870978-9
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1477:
1471:
1464:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1311:Hunayn ibn Ishaq
1134:Octahedron (air)
1121:
1114:
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1100:
1093:
725:
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679:
663:
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584:
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570:
554:
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552:
535:
516:Pseudo-Platonica
496:Middle Platonism
478:Related articles
245:First Alcibiades
127:Philosopher king
62:Form of the Good
44:
21:
20:
3813:
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3808:
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3806:
3804:
3803:
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3526:Theory of Forms
3460:
3447:
3319:
3313:
3099:
3094:
3064:
3059:
3045:
3004:
2981:
2942:
2642:
2623:(1954 serenade)
2607:
2572:
2561:(1919 oratorio)
2521:
2510:(1787 painting)
2483:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2426:
2401:
2387:Socratic method
2355:
2346:
2325:
2307:
2302:
2255:
2221:Standard Ebooks
2187:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2139:
2138:
2136:Plato's Timaeus
2134:
2127:
2111:133.3: 312â327.
2101:
2089:. Bloomington:
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1973:
1945:
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1531:
1527:
1506:Benjamin Jowett
1504:Translation by
1503:
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1489:
1487:
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1478:
1474:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1387:Johannes Kepler
1349:
1341:Benjamin Jowett
1272:Chartres School
1213:
1211:Later influence
1072:geometric shape
1068:
1045:heavenly bodies
1006:
958:living creature
923:
904:
856:is depicted in
847:
834:
793:Egyptian priest
744:
716:Timon of Phlius
710:(VIII 85) from
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604:
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57:Theory of forms
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3601:
3596:
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3579:
3577:
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3557:
3555:Platonic solid
3552:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3538:Theory of soul
3535:
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3389:
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3370:Seventh Letter
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2382:Socratic irony
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2207:Greek text at
2205:
2201:Greek text at
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2165:Zeyl, Donald.
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2125:External links
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2035:
2034:59.2: 147â163.
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1867:. p. 13.
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1169:ancient Greeks
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3599:Ring of Gyges
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3586:and metaphors
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3479:Platonic love
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3189:Hippias Minor
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3182:Hippias Major
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2567:
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2543:
2539:
2537:(423 BC play)
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2367:Social gadfly
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2261:MathPages.com
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2071:69.1: 93â113.
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2045:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
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1911:9781009322591
1908:
1904:
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1585:phenomenology
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1417:Creation myth
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1303:Ibn al-Bitriq
1300:
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1163:
1162:fifth element
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1127:
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1086:(water), and
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983:
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966:
965:single unique
961:
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954:
952:
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940:
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928:
927:four elements
918:
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868:
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829:
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808:, the son of
807:
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761:
756:
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733:
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717:
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359:
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354:
352:
351:
347:
345:
344:
340:
338:
337:
336:Hippias Minor
333:
331:
330:
329:Hippias Major
326:
324:
323:
319:
317:
316:
312:
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309:
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137:Ring of Gyges
135:
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132:Ship of State
130:
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118:
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43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
3749:
3706:Neoplatonism
3701:Commentaries
3679:
3573:Hyperuranion
3571:
3559:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3488:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3421:Rival Lovers
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3320:authenticity
3307:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
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3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3033:
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2967:
2960:
2953:
2936:
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2928:
2921:
2914:
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2900:
2893:
2886:
2881:Rival Lovers
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2604:(2006 novel)
2599:
2591:
2583:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2545:(1721 opera)
2540:
2532:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2438:Sophroniscus
2316:Bibliography
2260:
2248:
2214:
2192:
2178:
2168:
2145:Online books
2135:
2116:
2108:
2086:
2083:Sallis, John
2075:
2068:
2061:
2039:
2031:
2027:118:101â118.
2024:
2017:
2011:
2007:
1995:
1987:
1980:
1961:
1952:
1934:
1923:
1916:
1900:
1894:Bibliography
1859:
1849:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1804:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1764:
1744:. New York:
1739:
1731:
1708:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1643:
1635:
1628:
1624:
1619:between the
1615:: Situating
1614:
1613:ON KAI KHORA
1606:
1602:
1595:
1571:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1511:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1374:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1299:Ibn al-Nadīm
1294:
1292:
1287:
1263:
1261:
1248:
1232:
1230:
1227:translation.
1224:
1190:
1186:dodecahedron
1166:
1158:Dodecahedron
1144:Cube (earth)
1069:
1066:The elements
1061:
1057:
1053:
1041:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1007:
997:
991:
986:
984:
979:
977:
973:proportioned
972:
970:
962:
957:
955:
924:
908:
905:
888:
884:
876:
870:
860:
825:
823:
802:
790:
775:
768:
766:
758:
742:Introduction
727:
688:
681:
664:) is one of
650:
595:
594:
593:
501:Neoplatonism
486:Commentaries
467:
460:
453:
446:
439:
432:
425:
418:
411:
404:
397:
390:
383:
376:
370:
369:
362:
355:
348:
341:
334:
327:
320:
313:
306:
299:
292:
285:
278:
271:
266:Rival Lovers
264:
257:
250:
243:
236:
229:
222:
215:
208:
201:
194:
187:
180:
173:
166:
159:
102:The Republic
100:
72:Epistemology
18:
3561:Anima mundi
3518:Theia mania
3335:Definitions
3318:Of doubtful
2969:Oeconomicus
2962:Memorabilia
2639:(1971 film)
2631:(1966 film)
2569:(2007 play)
2553:(1759 play)
1634:OntopoiÄsis
1481:"Philolaus"
1268:Neoplatonic
1257:Carolingian
1084:icosahedron
1076:tetrahedron
818:declination
706:traditionsâ
699:Hermocrates
697:, Timaeus,
413:Definitions
3767:Categories
3624:Myth of Er
3584:Allegories
3490:Sophrosyne
3466:Philosophy
3407:On Justice
3393:Hipparchus
3301:Theaetetus
3266:Protagoras
3238:Parmenides
3154:Euthydemus
2923:Theaetetus
2867:Protagoras
2839:Parmenides
2825:On Justice
2762:Hipparchus
2734:Euthydemus
2577:Literature
2534:The Clouds
2456:Lamprocles
2444:Phaenarete
1543:Different,
1356:(dialogue)
1274:, such as
1201:perception
1080:octahedron
1033:world-soul
1028:Existence,
1020:Difference
753:'s map of
732:Pythagoras
676:, written
657:pronounced
420:On Justice
308:Protagoras
301:Euthydemus
259:Hipparchus
217:Parmenides
196:Theaetetus
142:Myth of Er
3511:Peritrope
3414:On Virtue
3342:Demodocus
3294:Symposium
3287:Statesman
3224:Menexenus
3161:Euthyphro
3126:Clitophon
3119:Charmides
3035:Peritrope
2976:Symposium
2916:Symposium
2909:Statesman
2832:On Virtue
2804:Menexenus
2741:Euthyphro
2713:Demodocus
2685:Clitophon
2678:Charmides
2648:Dialogues
2462:Menexenus
2450:Xanthippe
2167:"Plato's
1998:. Paris:
1933:(1997) .
1883:891611100
1717:cite book
1617:Heidegger
1490:15 August
1369:Statesman
1337:Dialogues
1295:Catalogue
1245:Augustine
1241:Calcidius
1223:'s Latin
1221:Calcidius
1177:polyhedra
1090:(earth).
947:dichotomy
915:cosmogony
858:Raphael's
736:Philolaus
644:translit.
434:Demodocus
427:On Virtue
357:Clitophon
350:Menexenus
280:Charmides
231:Symposium
210:Statesman
161:Euthyphro
34:Platonism
3680:Republic
3604:The Cave
3594:Atlantis
3567:Demiurge
3504:Amanesis
3435:Sisyphus
3363:Epistles
3356:Epinomis
3349:Epigrams
3328:Axiochus
3273:Republic
3259:Philebus
3252:Phaedrus
3133:Cratylus
3057:Category
2947:Xenophon
2895:Sisyphus
2874:Republic
2860:Philebus
2853:Phaedrus
2720:Epinomis
2692:Cratylus
2671:Axiochus
2636:Socrates
2550:Socrates
2515:Socrates
2484:Socrates
2446:(mother)
2440:(father)
2360:Concepts
2305:Socrates
2085:(1999).
2008:Timaeus,
1857:(2015).
1711:. Paris.
1512:Atlantis
1397:Plotinus
1376:Philebus
1347:See also
1323:Synopsis
1307:Al-Kindī
1259:Period.
1181:30-60-90
1078:(fire),
1016:Sameness
891:demiurge
806:Phaethon
788:to man.
786:universe
782:Atlantis
770:Republic
755:Atlantis
695:Socrates
693:include
691:dialogue
469:Epigrams
462:Axiochus
441:Sisyphus
406:Epistles
399:Epinomis
364:Republic
238:Phaedrus
224:Philebus
189:Cratylus
92:Atlantis
87:Demiurge
26:a series
24:Part of
3614:The Sun
3442:Theages
3386:Halcyon
3379:Eryxias
3308:Timaeus
3280:Sophist
3175:Gorgias
3140:Critias
3112:Apology
3017:Related
2994:Halcyon
2955:Apology
2937:Timaeus
2930:Theages
2902:Sophist
2755:Gorgias
2727:Eryxias
2699:Critias
2664:Apology
2558:Socrate
2482:include
2406:Phrases
2249:Timaeus
2242:edition
2236:Perseus
2229:edition
2215:Timaeus
2203:Perseus
2177:(ed.).
2169:Timaeus
1924:Apeiron
1664:Timaeus
1660:Apeiron
1622:Sophist
1523:), p. 9
1382:Proclus
1362:Sophist
1354:Critias
1330:Timaeus
1315:Timaeus
1288:Timaeus
1264:Timaeus
1249:Timaeus
1233:Timaeus
1225:Timaeus
1197:anatomy
1082:(air),
1055:(36e).
1051:(39d).
1011:Sophist
1000:(34b).
879:eternal
871:Timaeus
867:Vatican
826:Critias
814:chariot
728:Timaeus
683:Critias
674:Timaeus
670:Critias
651:Timaios
638:Î€ÎŻÎŒÎ±ÎčÎżÏ
596:Timaeus
455:Eryxias
448:Halcyon
378:Critias
371:Timaeus
315:Gorgias
273:Theages
203:Sophist
168:Apology
3661:Legacy
3245:Phaedo
3203:Laches
2846:Phaedo
2790:Laches
2470:(wife)
2452:(wife)
2431:Family
2133:about
2109:Hermes
2097:
2050:
1969:
1941:
1909:
1881:
1871:
1752:
1519:
1253:Corbie
1203:, and
1160:â the
910:Ananke
810:Helios
722:320 â
647:
287:Laches
182:Phaedo
3400:Minos
3217:Lysis
3147:Crito
3104:Works
3097:Plato
2986:Other
2818:Minos
2797:Lysis
2706:Crito
2656:Plato
2612:Other
2526:Stage
2478:Works
2468:Myrto
2464:(son)
2458:(son)
2173:. In
1642:KhĂŽra
1638:Plato
1599:'
1593:'
1581:forms
1577:KhĂŽra
1539:Same,
1534:Being
1428:Notes
1407:KhĂŽra
1319:Galen
1024:Being
980:globe
943:water
931:earth
896:forms
854:Plato
778:Solon
757:from
633:Greek
537:Plato
385:Minos
294:Lysis
175:Crito
3634:Life
3231:Meno
3210:Laws
2811:Meno
2480:that
2330:Life
2095:ISBN
2048:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1939:ISBN
1907:ISBN
1879:OCLC
1869:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1723:link
1517:ISBN
1492:2019
1278:and
1231:The
1193:soul
1088:cube
1026:(or
951:evil
941:and
939:fire
797:Sais
672:and
392:Laws
322:Meno
52:Life
3738:229
3733:228
3196:Ion
2783:Ion
2491:Art
2219:at
1839:doi
1666:,"
1644:,"
1640:'s
1611:, "
1603:,"
1591:, "
1037:chi
998:god
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1877:.
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1748:.
1719:}}
1715:{{
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1199:,
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615:m
612:Ë
606:t
603:/
599:(
583:e
576:t
569:v
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