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While thixotropy has been seen to benefit in areas pertaining to clay and cement, the material also comes with many harmful effects. To try and prevent thixotropy from fracturing the sustainability of the concrete, catatonic polymer began to be used in order to counteract the thixotropy, however this
137:
These researchers, Mewis and Barnes, Schalek and
Szegvari, and H. Freundlich, then learned that they could make the gel turn into a liquid simply by shaking the contents. The more that was learned of this material has been found in numerous other products without the realization of the people making
355:
A thixotropic fluid is best visualised by an oar blade embedded in mud. Pressure on the oar often results in a highly viscous (more solid) thixotropic mud on the high pressure side of the blade, and low viscosity (very fluid) thixotropic mud on the low pressure side of the oar blade. Flow from the
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There are several methods to using thixotropy; one method, the most popular way, is to use a two-phase mixture to model to allow the mixture to continue without added equations entering when thixotropy is working through its process on the different materials.
351:
exhibit thixotropism: an initially solid-seeming mudbank will turn soupy and yield up moisture when dug into or otherwise disturbed. These clays were deposited in the past by low-velocity streams which tend to deposit fine-grained sediment.
477:—exhibit thixotropic qualities. In many cases it is desirable for the fluid to flow sufficiently to form a uniform layer, then to resist further flow, thereby preventing sagging on a vertical surface. Some other inks, such as those used in
91:, the lower its viscosity. A thixotropic fluid is a fluid which takes a finite time to attain equilibrium viscosity when introduced to a steep change in shear rate. Some thixotropic fluids return to a gel state almost instantly, such as
557:
Thixotropy has shown to be useful in many ways concerning cement paste. The thixotropy allows the cement to be broken down in a way that allows the user to slowly put down the paste in a controlled manner so it can then be set and dry.
122:
Many sources of thixotropy comes from the studies of Bauer and
Collins as the earliest source of origin. Later in 1923, other researchers began experimenting with thixotropy and then began reporting that many gels consist of aqueous
570:
agent is needed in order to allow the mixing of the clay and cementitious material. There is now no true way to counteract the effect of thixotropy while also allowing it to break down the materials in the cement and clay.
778:
Krupskaya, V. V.; Zakusin, S. V.; Tyupina, E. A.; Dorzhieva, O. V.; Chernov, M. S.; Bychkova, Ya. V. (March 2019). "Transformation of
Structure and Adsorption Properties of Montmorillonite under Thermochemical Treatment".
530:
like magnesium). Within certain temperature ranges and with appropriate preparation, an alloy can be put into a semi-solid state, which can be injected with less shrinkage and better overall properties than by normal
356:
high pressure side to the low pressure side of the oar blade is non-Newtonian. (i.e., fluid velocity is not linearly proportional to the square root of the pressure differential over the oar blade).
561:
Thixotropy is also used in drilling fluids due to their rheological makeup. This however is connected to drilling hydraulics and how thixotropy affects the process of hydraulics.
110:
Some fluids are anti-thixotropic: constant shear stress for a time causes an increase in viscosity or even solidification. Fluids which exhibit this property are sometimes called
107:
are thixotropic materials, exhibiting a stable form at rest but becoming fluid when agitated. Thixotropy arises because particles or structured solutes require time to organize.
848:
Köhler, Klaus; Simmendinger, Peter; Roelle, Wolfgang; Scholz, Wilfried; Valet, Andreas; Slongo, Mario (2010). "Paints and
Coatings, 4. Pigments, Extenders, and Additives".
481:-type process printing, are designed to regain viscosity even faster, once they are applied, in order to protect the structure of the dots for accurate color reproduction.
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used in geotechnical applications can be thixotropic. Honey from honey bees may also exhibit this property under certain conditions (such as
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agent to make otherwise low-viscous fluids thixotropic. Examples range from foods to epoxy resin in structural bonding applications like
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Thixotropic ink (along with a gas pressurized cartridge and special shearing ball design) is a key feature of the
413:
195:
806:
Ogolo, Oghenerume; Arinkoola, Akeem O.; Ngene, Peter; Ogbaga, Chukwuma C.; Osisanya, Samuel (12 November 2023).
610:, 'to turn'. Hence, it can be translated as something that turns (or changes) when touched. It was invented by
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are thixotropic, influenced by thermochemical treatment, and their behaviour is of great importance in
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1971:
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Hendrickson, T: "Massage for
Orthopedic Conditions", page 9. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.
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492:, used for writing during zero gravity space flights by the US and Russian space programs.
8:
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Ojeda-Farías, O.; Hebraud, P.; Lootens, D.; Liard, M.; Mendoza-Rangel, J.M. (July 2019).
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808:"Thermochemical Treatment of Nigerian Raw Clays for Oil and Gas Drilling Operations"
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Thixotropy has been proposed as a scientific explanation of blood liquefaction
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114:. Anti-thixotropic fluids are less well documented than thixotropic fluids.
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937:"Thixotropy of reactive suspensions: The case of cementitious materials"
263:, in that it is solid when at rest, but quickly liquefies when agitated.
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1989:
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394: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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176: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
76:). They then take a fixed time to return to a more viscous state. Some
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used in electronics manufacturing printing processes are thixotropic.
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1007:"Thixotropy of fresh cement pastes in presence of cationic polymer"
883:"Thixotropy of fresh cement pastes in presence of cationic polymer"
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Wen, Pengpeng; Feng, Zhongjun; Zheng, Baicun (August 2023).
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Wen, Pengpeng; Feng, Zhongjun; Zheng, Baicun (August 2023).
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take much longer and can become nearly solid. Many gels and
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Reiner, M; Scott Blair, G W (1967) in Eich, F. R., (ed)
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Garlaschelli, L; Ramaccini, F; Della Scala, S (1994).
27:
Change in viscosity of a gel or fluid caused by stress
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Some clay deposits found in the process of exploring
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event, which rapidly solidifies once coming to rest.
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use the thixotropic property of some alloys (mostly
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is a thixotropic adhesive that cures anaerobically.
259:. Quicksand demonstrates thixotropy in the form of
2210:
707:
705:
678:Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
972:Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering
850:Ullmann's Encyclopedia Of Industrial Chemistry
303:are evidence of this phenomenon. Similarly, a
1081:
966:Gulraiz, Shiraz; Gray, K.E. (December 2020).
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675:
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1004:
880:
743:Mewis, Jan; Wagner, Norman J. (March 2009).
712:Mewis, J; Wagner, N J (2009). "Thixotropy".
968:"Thixotropy effects on drilling hydraulics"
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742:
711:
1088:
1074:
823:
749:Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
714:Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
454:Learn how and when to remove this message
340:in the human body are thixotropic, as is
236:Learn how and when to remove this message
247:
37:is an example of a thixotropic material.
29:
686:10.1002/0471238961.0409191613151818.a01
83:fluids show a time-dependent change in
14:
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1029:
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676:Morrison, Ian (2003). "Dispersions".
522:Semi-solid casting processes such as
466:Many kinds of paints and inks—e.g.,
392:adding citations to reliable sources
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174:adding citations to reliable sources
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1011:Construction and Building Materials
941:Construction and Building Materials
887:Construction and Building Materials
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1106:Offshore geotechnical engineering
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1037:Rheology, Theory and Applications
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953:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.319
899:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132302
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283:, such as those common in the
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1:
1756:Mechanically stabilized earth
1056:The dictionary definition of
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598:, from Ancient Greek -τρόπος
552:
60:under static conditions will
1508:Hydraulic conductivity tests
914:"The Blood of St. Januarius"
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7:
2069:Stress distribution in soil
992:10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103653
621:
10:
2260:
1219:Pore pressure measurement
781:Geochemistry International
602:'of turning', from τρόπος
297:Aberfan spoil tip disaster
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1972:Preconsolidation pressure
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1367:Standard penetration test
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757:10.1016/j.cis.2008.09.005
722:10.1016/j.cis.2008.09.005
1468:California bearing ratio
1266:Rotary-pressure sounding
1097:Geotechnical engineering
858:10.1002/14356007.o18_o03
658:Time-dependent viscosity
277:geotechnical engineering
74:time-dependent viscosity
1888:Geosynthetic clay liner
1863:Expanded clay aggregate
1483:Proctor compaction test
1424:Crosshole sonic logging
1410:Nuclear densometer test
1167:Geo-electrical sounding
606:'a turn', from τρέπειν
99:fluids. Others such as
2151:Earthquake engineering
1962:Lateral earth pressure
1587:Hydraulic conductivity
1438:Wave equation analysis
1417:Exploration geophysics
1309:Deformation monitoring
1278:Rotary weight sounding
541:is commonly used as a
264:
38:
1329:Settlement recordings
1254:Rock control drilling
1155:Cone penetration test
251:
33:
2229:Non-Newtonian fluids
2191:Agricultural science
1893:Cellular confinement
918:Chemistry in Britain
751:. 147–148: 214–227.
716:. 147–148: 214–227.
578:The word comes from
502:Thread-locking fluid
388:improve this article
255:on the shore of the
170:improve this article
44:is a time-dependent
2219:Continuum mechanics
2083:Numerical analysis
1967:Overburden pressure
1957:Pore water pressure
1737:Shoring structures
1612:Reynolds' dilatancy
1513:Water content tests
1498:Triaxial shear test
1458:Soil classification
1431:Pile integrity test
984:2020JNGSE..8403653G
307:is a mass of earth
2058:Slab stabilisation
2038:Stability analysis
612:Herbert Freundlich
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56:that are thick or
48:property. Certain
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2053:Sliding criterion
2015:Response spectrum
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1179:Permeability test
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16:(Redirected from
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565:Negative effects
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2111:
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2066:
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2059:
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2036:
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2026:
2023:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Consolidation
1998:
1996:
1995:Frost heaving
1993:
1991:
1988:
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1985:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
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1934:
1924:
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1907:
1901:
1898:
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1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1873:Geosynthetics
1871:
1869:
1868:Crushed stone
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1849:
1846:
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1823:Cut-and-cover
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
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1598:
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1593:
1592:Water content
1590:
1588:
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1564:
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1400:
1396:
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1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
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1316:
1312:
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1307:
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1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:Sample series
1287:
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1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1255:
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1234:
1229:
1226:
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1220:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1188:
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1168:
1164:
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1132:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1114:Investigation
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1062:at Wiktionary
1061:
1060:
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1050:
1049:
1038:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1016:
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1008:
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993:
989:
985:
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977:
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962:
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946:
942:
938:
931:
923:
919:
915:
908:
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896:
892:
888:
884:
877:
869:
863:
859:
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851:
844:
835:
826:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:
794:
790:
786:
782:
774:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
739:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
708:
706:
697:
691:
687:
683:
679:
672:
668:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
643:Nanocellulose
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:Ancient Greek
571:
562:
559:
550:
548:
547:fillet joints
544:
540:
536:
534:
529:
525:
524:thixomoulding
520:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
497:
496:Solder pastes
493:
491:
486:
482:
480:
476:
473:
469:
458:
455:
447:
436:
433:
429:
426:
422:
419:
415:
412:
408:
405: –
404:
400:
399:Find sources:
393:
389:
383:
382:
377:This section
375:
371:
366:
365:
357:
353:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
323:heather honey
320:
319:Drilling muds
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
262:
258:
254:
250:
240:
237:
229:
218:
215:
211:
208:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
187: –
186:
182:
181:Find sources:
175:
171:
165:
164:
159:This section
157:
153:
148:
147:
139:
135:
134:dispersions.
133:
115:
113:
108:
106:
102:
98:
97:pseudoplastic
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:pseudoplastic
79:
78:non-Newtonian
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
36:
32:
19:
2239:Soil physics
2176:Biogeography
2171:Hydrogeology
2161:Soil science
2141:Geochemistry
1900:Infiltration
1828:Cut and fill
1771:Soil nailing
1637:Permeability
1606:
1602:Bulk density
1319:Inclinometer
1242:Ram sounding
1127:
1058:
1036:
1031:
1014:
1010:
1000:
975:
971:
961:
944:
940:
930:
921:
917:
907:
890:
886:
876:
849:
843:
834:
815:
811:
801:
784:
780:
773:
748:
745:"Thixotropy"
738:
713:
677:
671:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
577:
568:
560:
556:
539:Fumed silica
537:
528:light metals
521:
506:
500:
494:
487:
483:
465:
450:
441:
431:
424:
417:
410:
403:"Thixotropy"
398:
386:Please help
381:verification
378:
360:Applications
354:
346:
331:
327:mānuka honey
317:
266:
257:River Thames
232:
223:
213:
206:
199:
192:
185:"Thixotropy"
180:
168:Please help
163:verification
160:
136:
121:
109:
89:shear stress
41:
40:
35:Mānuka honey
2186:Archaeology
1910:Foundations
1883:Geomembrane
1766:Slurry wall
1705:Water table
1669:Interaction
1665:Structures
1652:Sensitivity
1449:Laboratory
947:: 121–129.
653:Silly putty
638:Kaye effect
295:and in the
18:Thixotropic
2213:Categories
2043:Mitigation
2025:Shear wave
2010:Earthquake
2005:Compaction
1990:Permafrost
1981:Phenomena/
1878:Geotextile
1803:Embankment
1793:Excavation
1730:Earthworks
1690:Vegetation
1685:Topography
1607:Thixotropy
1597:Void ratio
1580:Properties
1478:Hydrometer
1223:Piezometer
1143:Core drill
1059:thixotropy
1017:: 132302.
978:: 103653.
893:: 132302.
818:(6): 110.
664:References
588:thinganein
553:Uses Today
472:silkscreen
468:plastisols
444:April 2022
414:newspapers
289:Lyme Regis
281:Landslides
273:structural
226:April 2022
196:newspapers
112:rheopectic
42:Thixotropy
2244:Tribology
2166:Hydrology
2146:Petrology
2034:analysis
2032:Landslide
1937:Mechanics
1848:Track bed
1833:Fill dirt
1818:Terracing
1391:Trial pit
1206:Statnamic
1191:Load test
924:(2): 123.
574:Etymology
334:cytoplasm
309:liquefied
253:Quicksand
85:viscosity
2196:Agrology
2085:software
1983:problems
1813:Causeway
1788:Landfill
1715:Subgrade
1632:Porosity
1627:Cohesion
765:19012872
730:19012872
622:See also
596:-tropous
543:rheology
509:miracles
470:used in
336:and the
313:volcanic
105:colloids
70:stressed
2136:Geology
2108:SVSlope
1918:Shallow
1838:Grading
1776:Tieback
1720:Subsoil
1710:Bedrock
1700:Topsoil
1695:Terrain
1488:R-value
1451:testing
1201:Dynamic
1128:in situ
1126:Field (
980:Bibcode
648:Polymer
616:sol-gel
608:trepein
600:-tropos
428:scholar
287:around
210:scholar
118:History
93:ketchup
58:viscous
2118:Plaxis
2113:UTEXAS
2103:SVFlux
2093:SEEP2D
1945:Forces
1798:Trench
1746:Gabion
1556:Gravel
1196:Static
864:
763:
728:
692:
604:tropos
592:-tropy
584:thixis
582:θίξις
517:Naples
430:
423:
416:
409:
401:
293:Dorset
285:cliffs
212:
205:
198:
191:
183:
101:yogurt
54:fluids
2098:STABL
1571:Loess
1534:Types
435:JSTOR
421:books
349:caves
342:semen
332:Both
311:by a
305:lahar
301:Wales
269:clays
267:Some
217:JSTOR
203:books
1923:Deep
1566:Loam
1561:Peat
1551:Sand
1546:Silt
1541:Clay
1526:Soil
1228:Well
862:ISBN
761:PMID
726:PMID
690:ISBN
479:CMYK
407:news
275:and
189:news
62:flow
50:gels
1808:Cut
1117:and
1019:doi
1015:394
988:doi
949:doi
945:212
895:doi
891:394
854:doi
820:doi
789:doi
753:doi
718:doi
682:doi
515:in
390:by
329:).
325:or
299:in
172:by
52:or
2215::
2067:*
1013:.
1009:.
986:.
976:84
974:.
970:.
943:.
939:.
922:30
920:.
916:.
889:.
885:.
860:.
852:.
814:.
810:.
785:57
783:.
759:.
747:.
724:.
704:^
688:.
680:.
594:,
549:.
535:.
519:.
344:.
291:,
279:.
125:Fe
1671:)
1667:(
1130:)
1089:e
1082:t
1075:v
1025:.
1021::
994:.
990::
982::
955:.
951::
901:.
897::
870:.
856::
828:.
822::
816:7
795:.
791::
767:.
755::
732:.
720::
698:.
684::
457:)
451:(
446:)
442:(
432:·
425:·
418:·
411:·
384:.
239:)
233:(
228:)
224:(
214:·
207:·
200:·
193:·
166:.
131:3
129:O
127:2
72:(
20:)
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