44:
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192:"quite original suggestion", citing the belief Macbeth sent the Third Murderer out of "superabundant caution", and acknowledging Macbeth could have sent himself owing to that caution. Addis instead connected the Third Murderer to the spy mentioned by Macbeth in 3.1. Scholar Henry Norman Hudson attempted to refute speculation that Macbeth was the Third Murderer. George Walton Williams felt the
179:
In 1869, author Allan Park Paton argued that
Macbeth was the Third Murderer. The killings of Banquo and Fleance were important to Macbeth and, while the banquet that night was scheduled to start at 7pm, Macbeth did not appear until midnight. Paton believes the Third Murderer extinguished a light to
163:
The Third
Murderer knows Banquo typically walks from the palace gate at this time. After the murder of Banquo, the Third Murderer asks "Who did strike out the light?" and concludes Fleance has escaped: "There's but one down; the son is fled". Altogether, the Third Murderer has six lines, almost all
191:
and all guests as arriving at the banquet at the same time, rather than
Macbeth being late, and the mention of 7pm can be attributed to Shakespeare's lack of attention to detail. Hills also believed the First Murderer was the one who extinguished the light. John Addis complimented Paton for the
113:
The Third
Murderer is not present when Macbeth speaks to the First and Second Murderers, and is not expected by his partners. Although the Third Murderer is a small role, the identity of the character has been the subject of scholarly debate, and various productions have equated him with other
261:. The added importance the film gives to Ross did not appear in the first draft of the screenplay, which instead invented a new character called the Bodyguard, who also serves as the Third Murderer. The Bodyguard was merged into Shakespeare's Ross.
199:
The scene in which the First
Murderer describes the killing of Banquo to Macbeth has been used for and against arguments of Macbeth's identity as the Third Murderer. Macbeth appears surprised Fleance has escaped, though the surprise may be feigned.
180:
avoid recognition, and later, Macbeth tells Banquo's ghost something that sounds like "In yon black struggle you could never know me". (The line is actually "Thou canst not say I did it. Never shake thy gory locks at me").
1046:
207:
were dismissed by Bertha D. Vives in 1933 for lack of evidence. Another proposed solution is that the character is a non-human personification of a concept such as
134:
The first two murderers are recruited by
Macbeth in 3.1. In 3.3, the Three Murderers meet in a park outside of the palace, and the first two do not know the Third:
1450:
244:, a stage director dies without telling anyone which character is the Third Murderer in his production, and detectives attempt to solve the mystery.
1885:
277:, as the Third Murderer. In the television film, Seyton kills the other two murderers after the killing of Banquo, and then leads the murder of
592:
176:. In 1929, Professor Theodore Halbert Wilson said the question of who the character is always provoked interested debate among his students.
1635:
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Much of the discussion of the Third
Murderer has centred on the character's identity, although the character may only be an
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calling it "very ingenious", but not supported by the play. Hills interpreted the play as portraying
Macbeth,
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98:(1606). He appears in one scene (3.3), joining the First and Second Murderers to assassinate
748:
Paton, Allan Park (11 September 1869). "Was
Macbeth the Third Murderer at Banquo's Death?".
164:
very brief, with the only long one showing "a suspicious familiarity with Banquo's habits".
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as in the 1971 film, the role of Ross is expanded and merged with the Third
Murderer.
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593:"What makes Joel Coen's Shakespeare unique: His 'Macbeth' is haunted by other movies"
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disproved the theory as this would require Macbeth to violate the law twice.
803:
718:
Hills, Erato (2 October 1869). "Was Macbeth the Third Murderer of Banquo?".
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1717:
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Addis, John (2 October 1869). "Was Macbeth the Third Murderer of Banquo?".
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733:(Second International Student ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.
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688:
Shakespearean Illuminations: Essays in Honor of Marvin Rosenberg
892:
821:
637:(1998). "Macbeth on Stage and Screen". In Sylvan Barnet (ed.).
454:
Bertha D. Vives (May 1933). "The Third Murderer in 'Macbeth'".
99:
183:
Paton's theories attracted attention, with Erato Hills of the
48:
Illustration of the three murderers from the 1830 French book
560:
548:
222:
published a humorous story "The Macbeth Murder Mystery" in
788:
366:
Theodore Halbert Wilson (May 1929). "The Third Murderer".
538:
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332:
310:
308:
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365:
729:
Miola, Robert S., ed. (4 April 2016). "3.3 SD three".
533:
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699:
Whodunit?: A Who's Who in Crime & Mystery Writing
572:
320:
305:
203:
Suggestions that the Third Murderer was the Thane of
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347:
228:in 1937, in which the narrator attempts to solve a
696:
16:Character in William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth
1872:
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686:Halio, Jay L.; Richmond, Hugh M., eds. (1998).
453:
126:Macbeth recruiting the first two murderers, in
153:. He needs not our mistrust, since he delivers
774:
685:
566:
554:
273:portrays Macbeth's servant Seyton, played by
671:. Vol. 2. University of Chicago Press.
281:, and is thus seen as "thoroughly vicious".
1451:Shakespeare's Macbeth – A Tragedy in Steel
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767:
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257:, the Third Murderer is Ross, played by
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667:Goddard, Harold C. (15 February 2009).
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648:Furness, Horace Howard, ed. (2001).
591:McNulty, Charles (14 January 2022).
141:. But who did bid thee join with us?
1629:Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine
117:
13:
1544:Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow
156:Our offices and what we have to do
14:
1912:
75:First Murderer, Second Murderer,
1494:Lady Macbeth Seizing the Daggers
489:Williams, George Walton (1972).
1854:Something Wicked This Way Comes
1750:Four Great Women and a Manicure
1529:On the Knocking at the Gate in
690:. University of Delaware Press.
616:
584:
491:"The Third Murderer in Macbeth"
482:
359:
267:'s 1983 television version in
1:
1901:Male Shakespearean characters
1486:The Night of Enitharmon's Joy
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214:
7:
1502:Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth
913:Siward, Earl of Northumbria
703:. Oxford University Press.
236:was the Third Murderer. In
167:
10:
1917:
754:. Oxford University Press.
724:. Oxford University Press.
695:Herbert, Rosemary (2003).
669:The Meaning of Shakespeare
629:. Oxford University Press.
270:BBC Television Shakespeare
1896:Fictional Scottish people
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1400:The Last King of Scotland
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1208:The Last King of Scotland
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652:. Classic Books Company.
567:Halio & Richmond 1998
555:Halio & Richmond 1998
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26:
1600:Novels, film and theatre
1538:Sleepwalking Scene (5.1)
251:'s 1971 film version of
128:a 1936 Harlem production
1713:Sleeping with the Enemy
903:Malcolm III of Scotland
185:University of Cambridge
67:In-universe information
1661:A Witch's Tangled Hare
1122:The Real Thing at Last
951:Holinshed's Chronicles
908:Donald III of Scotland
650:The Tragedy of Macbeth
291:The Tragedy of Macbeth
159:To the direction just.
131:
1881:Characters in Macbeth
1114:TV / film adaptations
495:Shakespeare Quarterly
125:
50:Galerie de Shakspeare
1824:Ludwig van Beethoven
1761:The Shower Principle
1705:Blackadder the Third
1384:Literary adaptations
1224:Thane of East County
1216:Shakespeare Must Die
898:Duncan I of Scotland
1891:Fictional murderers
1831:The Ruins of Cawdor
1820:Piano Trios, Op. 70
1739:Dial 'N' for Nerder
1562:What's done is done
1521:Scenes and speeches
1443:Thane to the Throne
918:King James VI and I
790:William Shakespeare
643:. A Signet Classic.
456:The English Journal
429:, pp. 282–283.
369:The English Journal
341:, pp. 124–125.
242:Bullets for Macbeth
106:, at the orders of
90:William Shakespeare
61:William Shakespeare
21:Fictional character
1700:Sense and Senility
1674:The Bellero Shield
1592:In popular culture
1427:Music from Macbeth
1075:1960 Australian TV
893:Gruoch of Scotland
132:
88:is a character in
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1814:The Scottish Play
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1636:The Scottish Play
1622:The Deadly Affair
1576:The Scottish Play
1554:Words and phrases
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721:Notes and Queries
626:Notes and Queries
598:Los Angeles Times
82:
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232:claim that
130:of the play
92:'s tragedy
72:Affiliation
1875:Categories
1841:(UK, 1990)
1731:The Office
1687:The Movies
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1070:1960 US TV
1058:Television
1022:Unfinished
804:Characters
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299:References
215:Portrayals
147:. Macbeth.
57:Created by
1776:" (2014,
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265:Jack Gold
37:character
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1283:uMabatha
1275:MacBird!
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168:Analysis
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1794:Other
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174:extra
1478:Pity
1240:Joji
1202:2005
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1100:1992
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