44:
64:
1245:
534:, which has a tuft of polar flagella and a glycocalyx. Nitrogen fixation also is an important ecological function carried out by some species in this genus, as is growth using molecular hydrogen as a source of energy - neither property is found in every species. Ferric iron can be used by some species as a terminal electron acceptor.
304:
can also grow mixotrophically. Currently, the genus comprises ten species which are capable of obtaining energy by oxidizing sulfur compounds, with certain species also utilizing both ferrous and ferric iron. Some species have also evolved to use hydrogen and nitrogen from the environment. They
1215:
224:
Acidithiobacillus albertensis, Acidithiobacillus caldus, Acidithiobacillus cuprithermicus, Acidithiobacillus ferrianus, Acidithiobacillus ferridurans, Acidithiobacillus ferriphilus, Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus
479:
has been proven as a potent leaching organism, for dissolution of metals from low-grade sulfide ores. Recently, the attention has been focused upon the treatment of mineral concentrates, as well as complex sulfide ores using batch or continuous-flow reactors.
494:. The oxidation of ferrous iron and reduced sulfur oxyanions, metal sulfides and elementary sulfur results in the production of ferric sulfate in sulfuric acid, this in turn causes the solubilization of metals and other compounds. As a result,
1219:
529:
spp. occur as single cells or occasionally in pairs or chains, depending on growth conditions. Highly motile species have been described, as well as nonmotile ones. Motile strains have a single flagellum with the exception of
647:
class include the presence of enzymes which aid in the use of hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, and tetrathionate in sulfur metabolism. Species capable of iron oxidation also possess genes that are coded for
574:
and can flourish in environments where high concentrations of these metals are present. To obtain energy, they have evolved to couple sulfur oxidation to molecular oxygen but can also use other resources around them as
1243:, Курашов, Виктор Михайлович & Сахно, Тамара Владимировна, "Microbiological method of transmutation of chemical elements and conversion of isotopes of chemical elements", published 2015-09-20
565:
are sometimes present. Optimum pH conditions for these bacteria vary among species, but some have been observed at the genus level in pH conditions as high as 8.94 and temperatures as high as 97.6°C. All species of
457:. Biomining uses radioactive waste as an ore with the bacteria to obtain gold, platinum, polonium, radon, radium, uranium, neptunium, americium, nickel, manganese, bromine, mercury, and their isotopes.
711:
Moya-Beltrán, Ana; Beard, Simón; Rojas-Villalobos, Camila; Issotta, Francisco; Gallardo, Yasna; Ulloa, Ricardo; Giaveno, Alejandra; Degli
Esposti, Mauro; Johnson, D. Barrie; Quatrini, Raquel (2021).
629:
is a significantly diverse genus, species have adapted to survive in differing environments under varying limitations such as acidity, temperature, and nutrient availability. For example
153:
189:
1305:
Li, X., Kappler, U., Jiang, G., & Bond, P. L. (2017). The
Ecology of Acidophilic Microorganisms in the Corroding Concrete Sewer Environment. Frontiers in microbiology, 8, 683.
177:
171:
165:
141:
159:
1388:
Li, Liangzhi; Liu, Zhenghua; Meng, Delong; Liu, Xueduan; Li, Xing; Zhang, Ming; Tao, Jiemeng; Gu, Yabing; Zhong, Shuiping; Yin, Huaqun (2019). Liu, Shuang-Jiang (ed.).
313:. The genus comprises motile, rod-shaped cells that can be isolated from low pH environments including low pH microenvironments on otherwise neutral mineral grains.
1058:
Williams, K. P.; Kelly, D. P. (2013). "Proposal for a new Class within the
Proteobacteria, the Acidithiobacillia, with the Acidithiobacillales as the type Order".
1734:
1020:
1155:"Microorganisms Concerned in the Oxidation of Sulfur in the Soil II. Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, a New Sulfur-oxidizing Organism Isolated from the Soil"
1708:
1512:
Valdés, Jorge; Pedroso, Inti; Quatrini, Raquel; Dodson, Robert J.; Tettelin, Herve; Blake, Robert; Eisen, Jonathan A.; Holmes, David S. (2008).
561:
are currently an important research focus as they can provide known limiting conditions for the genus, but host microbial communities in which
1747:
1390:"Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals the Distribution, Organization, and Evolution of Metal Resistance Genes in the Genus Acidithiobacillus"
652:
and hydrogen utilization. The diversity in genomic composition allows these same species to inhabit both aerobic and anaerobic environments.
1574:
17:
1682:
1582:
274:. A portion of the genes that support the survival of these bacteria in acidic environments are presumed to have been obtained by
1721:
475:”, which deals with all aspects of microbial mediated extraction of metals from minerals or solid wastes and acid mine drainage.
599:, possibly thermophilic, and throughout their evolutionary history further acid resistance genes were obtained from neighboring
795:
611:
spp. has occurred over hundred of millions of years involving events of gene gain and gene loss. Some evidence points to the
584:
1726:
343:, but the situation was resolved by whole-genome alignment studies and both genera have been reclassified to the new class
1204:
Sand, W.; Bock, E. (1987). "Biotest System For Rapid
Evaluation Of Concrete Resistance To Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria".
1025:
Parte, Aidan C.; Sardà Carbasse, Joaquim; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Reimer, Lorenz C.; Göker, Markus (1 November 2020).
713:"Genomic evolution of the class Acidithiobacillia: deep-branching Proteobacteria living in extreme acidic conditions"
680:
1773:
1752:
893:"Integrative Genomics Sheds Light on Evolutionary Forces Shaping the Acidithiobacillia Class Acidophilic Lifestyle"
1323:"Genomic adaptations enabling Acidithiobacillus distribution across wide-ranging hot spring temperatures and pHs"
952:"Genomic adaptations enabling Acidithiobacillus distribution across wide-ranging hot spring temperatures and pHs"
843:"Genomic insights into the iron uptake mechanisms of the biomining microorganism Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans"
183:
570:
can grow under pH and temperature conditions between 0.5 to 6.0, and 5°C to 52°C. They are highly tolerant of
63:
467:, in the leaching of sulfide ores since its discovery in 1950 by Colmer, Temple and Hinkle. The discovery of
195:
222:". This genus includes ten species of acidophilic microorganisms capable of sulfur and/or iron oxidation:
1647:
612:
310:
1801:
414:
1778:
1016:
777:
1806:
1453:
Zhang, Xian; Liu, Xueduan; Li, Liangzhi; Wei, Guanyun; Zhang, Danli; Liang, Yili; Miao, Bo (2019).
891:
González-Rosales, Carolina; Vergara, Eva; Dopson, Mark; Valdés, Jorge H.; Holmes, David S. (2022).
603:. While the trait of sulfur oxidation is ubiquitous among the genus, iron oxidation is specific to
275:
147:
1455:"Phylogeny, Divergent Evolution, and Speciation of Sulfur-Oxidizing Acidithiobacillus Populations"
550:
1590:
1609:
1321:
Sriaporn, Chanenath; Campbell, Kathleen A.; Van
Kranendonk, Martin J.; Handley, Kim M. (2021).
950:
Sriaporn, Chanenath; Campbell, Kathleen A.; Van
Kranendonk, Martin J.; Handley, Kim M. (2021).
588:
1713:
1268:
339:, with considerable debate regarding their position and that they could also fall within the
1765:
1514:"Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans metabolism: from genome sequence to industrial applications"
1669:
1401:
1280:
724:
8:
328:
105:
1405:
1284:
728:
587:, but the basis by which they can survive in low pH environments likely evolved through
322:
1548:
1513:
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999:
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951:
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787:
753:
712:
674:
546:
487:
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255:
58:
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518:
as the usual species present, although it is occasionally absent from such locations.
1760:
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991:
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791:
758:
740:
649:
643:
641:
can survive under extremely acidic conditions with pH <1. Metabolic traits of the
580:
212:
95:
1271:(2004). "Microbial influence on metal mobility and application for bioremediation".
874:
1543:
1525:
1484:
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1125:
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1038:
981:
963:
922:
904:
854:
783:
748:
732:
634:
425:
1027:"List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ"
605:
A. ferrooxidans, A. ferridurans, A. ferriphilus, A. ferrivorans, and A. ferrianus.
1739:
1661:
661:
43:
1170:
1339:
968:
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576:
511:
507:
499:
421:
218:
85:
1471:
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909:
858:
254:
and non-spore forming. They also play a significant role in the generation of
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1539:
1480:
1421:
1348:
977:
918:
744:
410:
388:
306:
251:
1530:
842:
637:
of the genus, is adept to survive in extreme temperatures up to 52°C, while
1557:
1498:
1439:
1366:
1306:
1188:
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1079:
1071:
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352:
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596:
446:
380:
267:
710:
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1024:
600:
558:
293:
1700:
1320:
949:
463:
has emerged as an economically significant bacterium in the field of
454:
450:
297:
271:
1603:
545:
spp. are known to inhabit diverse environments such as hot springs,
1626:
890:
591:. It is probable that the foundational genes of acid resistance in
554:
491:
418:
75:
776:
Kumar, Pankaj; Jyoti, Bhim; Kumar, Ajay; Paliwal, Arunima (2019),
413:; first isolated from the soil, it has also been observed causing
1060:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
1031:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
453:, whereby metals are extracted from their ores through bacterial
406:
384:
376:
368:
259:
1674:
841:
Quatrini, Raquel; Jedlicki, Eugenia; Holmes, David S. (2005).
1511:
1152:
372:
583:
They have adapted to living in these environments through
840:
775:
1095:
367:) can be isolated from iron-sulfur minerals such as
847:
Journal of
Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology
779:
258:; a major global environmental challenge within the
506:is also commonly abundant upon inner surfaces of
1793:
1203:
557:, acidic soils, and sulfidic caves. Terrestrial
305:assimilate carbon from carbon dioxide using the
350:Some members of this genus were classified as
1452:
1057:
356:spp., before they were reclassified in 2000.
234:is the most widely studied of the genus, but
1387:
1239:
823:International Network for Acid Prevention,
292:are chemolithoautotrophs that can occur as
242:are also significant in research. Like all
281:
42:
1576:Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270
1547:
1529:
1488:
1470:
1429:
1356:
1338:
1178:
1129:
1042:
985:
967:
926:
908:
752:
1307:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00683
1599:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
1091:
1089:
14:
1794:
1394:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1316:
1314:
1153:Selman A. Waksman; J.S. Joffe (1922).
1608:
1607:
1098:"Reclassification of some species of
1267:
1086:
886:
884:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
1311:
24:
788:10.1016/b978-0-12-818307-6.00008-1
619:appearing around the same time as
25:
1818:
1568:
943:
881:
693:
681:Acidophiles in acid mine drainage
428:in sewage gas into sulfuric acid.
1096:Kelly, D.P.; Wood, A.P. (2000).
154:Acidithiobacillus cuprithermicus
62:
1505:
1446:
1381:
1299:
1261:
1252:
1233:
1197:
1146:
1102:to the newly designated genera
510:in areas exhibiting corrosion;
335:) were formerly members of the
190:Acidithiobacillus sulfuriphilus
1593:Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
1293:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.002
1051:
1010:
834:
817:
782:, Elsevier, pp. 137–158,
769:
484:Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
461:Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
432:
361:Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
323:Pseudomonadota § taxonomy
229:Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans.
184:Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
52:Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
13:
1:
1118:Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol
686:
607:The transition to modern day
521:
516:Acidothiobacillus thiooxidans
395:Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans
379:as energy sources to support
196:Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans
178:Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans
172:Acidithiobacillus ferriphilus
166:Acidithiobacillus ferridurans
142:Acidithiobacillus albertensis
877:– via Oxford Academic.
595:were first inherited from a
537:
471:led to the development of “
316:
7:
1171:10.1128/jb.7.2.239-256.1922
655:
613:most recent common ancestor
445:industry in methods called
311:Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle
160:Acidithiobacillus ferrianus
10:
1823:
1340:10.1186/s40168-021-01090-1
969:10.1186/s40168-021-01090-1
831: Accessed July 2018.
737:10.1038/s41396-021-00995-x
415:biogenic sulfide corrosion
403:Thiobacillus concretivorus
320:
262:industry. Some species of
1616:
1472:10.1186/s12864-019-5827-6
1131:10.1099/00207713-50-2-511
910:10.3389/fmicb.2021.822229
897:Frontiers in Microbiology
859:10.1007/s10295-005-0233-2
623:, 800 million years ago.
365:Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
138:
133:
59:Scientific classification
57:
50:
41:
34:
18:Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
633:which is the only known
585:horizontal gene transfer
399:Thiobacillus thiooxidans
302:Acidithiobacillus caldus
276:horizontal gene transfer
148:Acidithiobacillus caldus
1531:10.1186/1471-2164-9-597
551:abandoned mine drainage
498:may be of interest for
300:, or mesothermophilic.
1740:acidithiobacillus.html
1072:10.1099/ijs.0.049270-0
1044:10.1099/ijsem.0.004332
589:vertical gene transfer
1206:Materials Performance
486:is commonly found in
383:growth and producing
1414:10.1128/AEM.02153-18
371:deposits, oxidising
116:Acidithiobacillaceae
1406:2019ApEnM..85E2153L
1285:2004Geode.122..109G
1017:Acidithiobacillales
729:2021ISMEJ..15.3221M
337:Gammaproteobacteria
329:Acidithiobacillales
106:Acidithiobacillales
1112:Thermithiobacillus
853:(11–12): 606–614.
675:Thermithiobacillus
547:acid mine drainage
512:genetic sequencing
488:acid mine drainage
473:biohydrometallurgy
465:biohydrometallurgy
443:biohydrometallurgy
424:pipes by altering
341:Betaproteobacteria
333:Thermithiobacillus
256:acid mine drainage
210:is a genus of the
1802:Acidithiobacillia
1789:
1788:
1761:Open Tree of Life
1648:Acidithiobacillus
1618:Acidithiobacillus
1610:Taxon identifiers
1104:Acidithiobacillus
1037:(11): 5607–5612.
797:978-0-12-818307-6
723:(11): 3221–3238.
650:nitrogen fixation
644:Acidithiobacillia
627:Acidithiobacillus
617:Acidithiobacillus
609:Acidithiobacillus
593:Acidithiobacillus
568:Acidithiobacillus
563:Acidithiobacillus
543:Acidithiobacillus
527:Acidithiobacillus
504:Acidithiobacillus
439:Acidothiobacillus
345:Acidithiobacillia
290:Acidithiobacillus
284:Acidithiobacillus
264:Acidithiobacillus
248:Acidithiobacillus
213:Acidithiobacillia
207:Acidithiobacillus
203:
202:
127:Acidithiobacillus
96:Acidithiobacillia
36:Acidithiobacillus
27:Genus of bacteria
16:(Redirected from
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1400:(2): e02153–18.
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1218:. Archived from
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1201:
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1192:
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1108:Halothiobacillus
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1084:
1083:
1066:(Pt 8): 2901–6.
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773:
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766:
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717:The ISME Journal
708:
635:thermoacidophile
441:are used in the
426:hydrogen sulfide
266:are utilized in
244:"Pseudomonadota"
67:
66:
46:
32:
31:
21:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1816:
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1813:
1812:
1811:
1807:Bacteria genera
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1591:Type strain of
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662:Talvivaara mine
658:
639:A. ferrooxidans
577:electron donors
540:
524:
496:A. ferrooxidans
477:A. ferrooxidans
469:A. ferrooxidans
437:Species within
435:
325:
319:
309:variant of the
287:
216:in the phylum "
193:
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23:
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1569:External links
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1279:(2): 109–119.
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1241:RU RU2563511C2
1232:
1196:
1165:(2): 239–256.
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1110:gen. nov. and
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532:A. albertensis
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500:bioremediation
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392:
321:Main article:
318:
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286:
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240:A. thiooxidans
232:A. ferooxidans
225:sulfuriphilus,
219:Pseudomonadota
201:
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123:
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86:Pseudomonadota
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1222:on 2011-05-20
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409:and produces
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307:transaldolase
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252:Gram-negative
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37:
33:
30:
19:
1617:
1596:
1592:
1584:Thiobacillus
1583:
1575:
1521:
1518:BMC Genomics
1517:
1507:
1462:
1459:BMC Genomics
1458:
1448:
1397:
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1383:
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1326:
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1276:
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1254:
1235:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1209:
1205:
1199:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1124:(2): 511–6.
1121:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:Thiobacillus
1099:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1034:
1030:
1012:
959:
955:
945:
900:
896:
850:
846:
836:
824:
819:
809:, retrieved
778:
771:
720:
716:
673:
668:Thiobacillus
666:
642:
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572:heavy metals
567:
562:
542:
541:
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353:Thiobacillus
351:
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289:
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263:
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126:
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51:
35:
29:
1696:iNaturalist
1642:Wikispecies
1578:Genome Page
1269:Gadd, G. M.
1258:Torma, 1980
1212:(3): 14–17.
1159:J Bacteriol
1106:gen. nov.,
601:acidophiles
597:neutrophile
559:hot springs
514:identifies
502:processes.
447:bioleaching
433:Bioleaching
405:) oxidises
381:autotrophic
294:acidophilic
268:bioleaching
1796:Categories
1524:(1): 597.
1465:(1): 438.
1333:(1): 135.
1327:Microbiome
1226:2008-02-13
962:(1): 135.
956:Microbiome
903:: 822229.
825:GARD Guide
811:2023-04-23
687:References
631:A. caldus,
581:acceptors.
522:Morphology
327:The order
298:mesophilic
1540:1471-2164
1481:1471-2164
1422:0099-2240
1375:256332390
1349:2049-2618
1114:gen. nov"
1004:256332390
978:2049-2618
919:1664-302X
829:Chapter 2
806:199107288
745:1751-7362
621:A. caldus
538:Evolution
490:and mine
455:oxidation
451:biomining
397:(basonym
387:iron and
363:(basonym
317:Phylogeny
272:biomining
250:spp. are
236:A. caldus
1627:Wikidata
1558:19077236
1499:31146680
1440:30389769
1367:34116726
1273:Geoderma
1189:16558952
1140:10758854
1080:23334881
996:34116726
937:35242113
875:35943141
867:15895264
763:34007059
656:See also
492:tailings
419:concrete
134:Species
112:Family:
82:Phylum:
76:Bacteria
72:Domain:
1714:1042148
1688:3222916
1633:Q142671
1549:2621215
1490:6543593
1431:6328783
1402:Bibcode
1358:8196465
1281:Bibcode
987:8196465
928:8886135
754:8528912
725:Bibcode
122:Genus:
102:Order:
92:Class:
1779:570914
1766:950845
1753:119977
1727:956608
1701:553397
1595:at Bac
1556:
1546:
1538:
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1487:
1479:
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1355:
1347:
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1180:378965
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1002:
994:
984:
976:
935:
925:
917:
873:
865:
804:
794:
761:
751:
743:
508:sewers
407:sulfur
385:ferric
377:sulfur
369:pyrite
331:(i.e.
282:Genus
260:mining
1774:WoRMS
1709:IRMNG
1675:97352
1371:S2CID
1216:"CSA"
1000:S2CID
871:S2CID
802:S2CID
553:) or
422:sewer
1748:NCBI
1735:LPSN
1722:ITIS
1683:GBIF
1597:Dive
1554:PMID
1536:ISSN
1495:PMID
1477:ISSN
1436:PMID
1418:ISSN
1363:PMID
1345:ISSN
1185:PMID
1136:PMID
1076:PMID
1021:LPSN
992:PMID
974:ISSN
933:PMID
915:ISSN
863:PMID
792:ISBN
759:PMID
741:ISSN
449:and
375:and
373:iron
270:and
238:and
227:and
1670:EoL
1662:MWS
1657:CoL
1586:sp.
1544:PMC
1526:doi
1485:PMC
1467:doi
1426:PMC
1410:doi
1353:PMC
1335:doi
1289:doi
1277:122
1175:PMC
1167:doi
1126:doi
1068:doi
1039:doi
1019:in
982:PMC
964:doi
923:PMC
905:doi
855:doi
784:doi
749:PMC
733:doi
615:of
579:or
417:of
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