102:
concentrations because they are uncertain and can cause disagreements. TNS recommends actions to reduce dependence on certain materials and activities, but these recommendations assume that critical thresholds have already been breached. Some explicit precautions are TNS rate corollaries include avoiding the extraction, production, or dispersion of materials at a faster rate than their breakdown in nature and avoiding harvesting or manipulation of nature in a way that reduces productivity and diversity, and
288:
laws and regulations, degrading interpersonal and person-to-person trust, increasing toxicity levels, growing human population, increase in demands for resources, etc. The walls of the funnel are getting closer and closer over time limiting the room to maneuver. Individuals, organisations and society are hitting the walls of the funnel over time e.g.: victims of climate change-related weather events, stricter laws and regulations, depleting fish stocks, increased number of cancer occurrences, air-, water-,
792:, and moves step-by-step towards the vision. It is essentially placing ourselves in the future, imagining that we have achieved success and looking back to ask the question: “What do we need to do today to reach that successful outcome?”. Instead of picturing how success could look like, backcasting is advocated from a principled vision of success in which specific conditions are met creates a shared understanding of success.
993:— you won't notice the difference. It won't be anyone winning over anyone. It will just spread. One day you don't need any more signs saying "Don't spit on the floor," or "Don't put substances in the lake which can't be processed." It will be so natural. It will be something that the intelligent people do, and nobody will say that it was due to The Natural Step or your magazine. It will just appear.
439:. Trust is essential in the smooth workings of societal systems and can be seen as the glue binding society (economically, politically, socially). A lack of trust, e.g. in the future and each other, creates societal unrest and instability as individuals and (sub-)systems within society will attempt to continue to satisfy Individual
1039:
have also adopted the framework and have become more sustainable as a result. Each of these companies have completely re-thought their business and have examined and changed all their processes including purchase of materials, manufacturing, transportation, construction of facilities, maintenance and
992:
or the north or the south. They will come from islands within those organizations; islands of people with integrity who want to do something... This is what a network should do — identify the people who would like to do something good. And they are everywhere. This is how the change will appear
748:
do, they leave that up to the imagination of the players, they allow you to do anything as long as it is within all agreed rules of the game. The restrictions set by these 'rules of the game' stimulate creativity as they are applied in personal, professional or community planning and decision-making.
253:
is a comprehensive model for planning and decision making in complex systems based on whole systems thinking. It comprises 5 levels: 1) System, 2) Success, 3) Strategic
Guidelines, 4) Actions and 5) Tools. It can be used to analyze any complex system of any type or scale (e.g. human body, the game of
1000:, based on the Natural Step's system conditions, originated in Sweden. Over 80 municipalities and several regions (25 percent of all Swedish municipalities) have adopted the TNS sustainability principles based on the system conditions. There are now 12 eco-municipalities in the United States and the
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The organisation prioritizes the different actions developed previously that help gear it to sustainability in the fastest and most optimal way, by asking a set of questions: by asking: i) Does this action move us in the right direction? ii) Can this action be built upon in future? iii) Does this
144:
The
Natural Step believes the root causes for unsustainability should be taken into account when designing for sustainable solutions and satisfaction of fundamental needs. These root causes are derived from a scientific understanding of our socio-ecological systems – the interactions between humans
839:
A variety of tools and concepts can be supportive when addressing sustainability. Informed by the framework and priorities of actions can help to select and implement the appropriate tools. Tools can then be optimally used: for the purpose they were designed to do together with other complementary
85:
Currently, The
Natural Step has offices in 9 countries and numerous associates and ambassadors in more than 50 countries. Next to the Five Level Framework and the TNS Framework (or Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development), the TNS 'theory of change' shows an integrated cascaded approach to
73:
and backcasting from sustainability principles form the basis for numerous applications and tools to plan and (re-)design organisational strategy, organisational processes, product/service innovation and business models. Its biggest advantage is the concept of 'simplification without reduction' to
287:
To explain the sustainability challenge, the metaphor of a funnel is used. The walls closing in represent the many (systematic and often exponentially increasing) trends impacting upon, and degrading, the system e.g.; decreasing number and quality of natural resources and ecosystems, the stricter
101:
efforts in organizations, involves implicit and explicit precautions judgments that may limit growth. But these limits may be difficult for companies and individuals to adhere to. Some implicit precautions are that TNS avoids making judgments about specific levels of damage thresholds or critical
963:
When applied correctly, also the business case for sustainability and the sustainability case for business are taken into account to create inspiring cases and best practices. Sustainable Growth
Associates, representing The Natural Step Germany adapted the generic ABCD approach into an ADVISE
959:
The framework is applicable to organisations (of any sector, size, location), processes, products, services, business models. It can be used to analyse other sustainability tools and concepts and strengthens other tools by placing them in the context and focus on what they are designed to do.
830:
The actions that you can do within the strategy to reach success within the system e.g. Raise awareness on specific sustainability topics, education programs on what sustainability is and how it could be approached, selecting different suppliers based on sustainability criteria, designing or
855:
After understanding the system your organization works within and the principles, members of the organization create a vision on how they would like the organization to be. Organisations should also identify the service they provide, independent of the product, sparking more creative goals.
261:
As a framework it helps to see the BIG picture of the workings and functions of our ecological and social systems and institutions, current trends and our sustainability challenge, how we as a society negatively influence the functioning of the socio-ecological system (System), what systems
269:
in 1989, the framework has been reviewed by many scientists, is under constant development and has been an inspiration to other tools and concepts in the area of sustainable development. The framework has been tested in hundreds of organizations (businesses, governments, neighborhoods,
74:
prevent getting lost in the details with the complex topic of sustainability. For almost 30 years, the approach has been implemented, proven and refined in education, research, businesses, municipalities, regional and national governments, inter-governmental organisations (e.g.
254:
chess or soccer, an organization, a sustainability concept) and helps to plan, decide and act strategically towards success based on principles determined by the working of the system (e.g. treat cancer, win chess or soccer, manage a successful business, design useful tools).
235:
Society allows structural obstacles to: health (of individuals in the system); influence (of how the system is organised), competence (development to understand context and to become the best one can be); impartiality (equal treatment) and meaning-making (a larger
262:
conditions should be met for it to not to be negatively influenced (Success) and how to strategically plan towards that (Strategic
Guidelines) with prioritised actions (Actions) selecting (or designing) and applying the appropriate tools for those (Tools).
450:
Being able to keep one's health, influence of how the system is organised, learn & develop to become the best one can be; equal treatment and pursuing a larger purpose are important factors to trust and 'believe in' the system one is part of.
848:
The ABCD method is the approach with which the framework backcasting from the 8 sustainability principles can be applied to an organization. The letters represent the following steps (FSSD academic ABCD and TNS ABCD method differ slightly):
1390:
Robèrt, K.-H., Broman, G. I., Waldron, D., Ny, H., Byggeth, S., Cook, D., Johansson, L., Oldmark, J., Basile, G., Haraldsson, H., Moore, B., & Missimer, M. (2012). Sustainability handbook: Planning strategically towards sustainability.
591:
In 1989, Robèrt wrote a paper describing the system conditions for sustainability, given these laws of nature amongst others. He sent it to 50 scientists, asking that they tell him what was wrong with his paper. On version 22, Robèrt had
888:
Much research has been done on the interfacing of the FSSD with other known tools and concepts within the sustainable development arena (Interfaces with most sustainability tools and concepts have been described). Below various examples:
132:
Attempting to satisfy those human needs (whether 'real' or created) also are the root causes of many of societal (incl. ecological) challenges we face today. The
Natural Step differs between fundamental human needs and their satisfiers
402:
Disorder increases in all closed systems and the Earth is a closed system with respect to matter (2nd LCoM). However, it is an open system with respect to energy since it receives energy from the sun, and radiates waste heat to
910:
Furthermore, various tools and other forms of support have been developed by and in collaboration with TNS. Others have been inspired by, or based upon the TNS framework, some more rigorous than others. Below various examples:
414:
in plant cells take energy (and minerals and oxygen) from sunlight for plant growth (Sugars, structure, oxygen). Plants, in turn, provide energy for other forms of life, such as animals. Evaporation of water from the oceans by
218:
Society encroaches on ecosystems faster than they can regenerate (for example, over-harvesting of natural resources including trees, fish, fresh water), or by other forms of ecosystem manipulation (for example, paving over
869:
Members of the organisation brainstorm for solutions to the issues raised previously, without constraint. With the vision and potential actions, organisations backcast to develop strategies for sustainability.
862:
The organisation analyses and maps what it has been doing currently and evaluates it based on the 4 principles. It allows for the organisation to identify critical issues, implications and opportunities.
378:
is conserved; nothing disappears, its form simply changes (e.g. heat, movement). Another way of stating this is: "Energy cannot be created, or destroyed, only modified in form." The implications of the
1159:
Robèrt, K.-H. (1991). Educating A Nation: The
Natural Step - A remarkable nation-wide program unites Sweden in moving from linear to cyclic processes - the hallmark of sustainability. In Institute, 28.
274:) around the world. Based on experience with the framework specific guidelines, methods and applications have been developed and refined to accelerate and improve the application of the framework.
1378:
Missimer, M., Robèrt, K.-H., & Broman, G. I. (2017a). A Strategic
Approach to Social Sustainability—Part 2: A Principled-based Definition. Journal of Cleaner Production, * 140(1), 32–41.
1135:
Missimer, M., Robèrt, K.-H., & Broman, G. I. (2017a). A Strategic
Approach to Social Sustainability—Part 2: A Principled-based Definition. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140(1), 32–41.
1384:
Missimer, M., Robèrt, K.-H., & Broman, G. I. (2017b). A Strategic
Approach to Social Sustainability—Part I: Exploring the Social System. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141(1), 42–52.
1147:
Missimer, M., Robèrt, K.-H., & Broman, G. I. (2017b). A Strategic Approach to Social Sustainability—Part I: Exploring the Social System. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141(1), 42–52.
611:
in the USA (1994), one took place in Australia. Since the initial version several changes to the wording of the principles have been made (2001, 2006, 2015)., and an ongoing program of
719:
The eight sustainability principles can be reworded, to simplify understanding and to apply to any society, organization or product. In short, to become a sustainable society we must:
231:
Simultaneously, societal systems can be degraded by several factors (thereby eroding trust in the systems and trust in the individuals, organisations and institutes it consists of):
199:
Society produces and concentrates substances faster than they can be broken down by natural processes — if they can be broken down at all (examples of such substances include
831:
implementing policies, analyze the life cycle of a product, create a sustainability report, facilitate a dialogue with specific stakeholders around a particular challenge, etc.
117:
essentially means preserving life on Earth, including humanity - or the well-being of the socio-ecological system and it's subsystems over time. As also expressed in the 1987
86:
accelerate change towards a sustainable society by collaboration on individual, organisational and multi-stakeholder system level. Change programs and transition Labs include
300:
Behind the framework there is a science-based understanding of the dynamic interrelationships within and between socio-ecological sub-systems and is based (a.o.) on study of
351:
In order to be able to create a structured overview and not to be confused with more downstream or detailed information only the logic of the concepts are explained here.
744:
The negative wording is often debated as the use of 'not' can have a negative emotional connotation. As in a game with game rules, it doesn't tell you everything you
559:
Systematic increases in setting barriers for peoples capacity to meet their needs (e.g. inequality, discrimination, long working hours, access to healthcare,
788:. Backcasting is the process of moving backwards from an imagined vision of success. One begins with an end in mind, moves backwards from the vision to the
1467:
749:
On the success level organizations, institutes and individuals add their own (secondary) principles of success based on their specific context or needs.
541:
Competence, i.e. inability to develop and increase proficiency individually or together (e.g. obstacles to education - informal, formal or professional)
1472:
106:
development in human history would not have been possible had the TNS systems conditions and these first intended corollaries have been adhered to.
877:
action bring an acceptable financial, ecological and/or social return on investment?. This step involves step-by-step implementation and planning.
538:
Influence, i.e. inability to participate in shaping the social systems of which they are a part (e.g. suppression of free speech, opinions ignored)
363:
with regards to energy. Energy comes in the form of sunlight and energy leaves in the form of heat radiation. Earth's biosphere is a (relatively)
152:
functions and processes are systematically altered in the following ways (thereby degrading the ecosystem services and resources they provide):
880:
Backcasting is continually used to assess and evaluate the actions, to determine if the organisation is moving towards the vision set in 'A'.
535:
Health, i.e. injury and illness (physical, physiological, psychological, emotional) (e.g. dangerous working contortions or insufficient rest)
370:
The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics (LoTD) and Laws for conservation of matter (LCoM) set limiting conditions for life on earth: The
1372:
Broman, G. I., & Robèrt, K.-H. (2017). A framework for strategic sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140(1), 17–31.
1123:
Broman, G. I., & Robèrt, K.-H. (2017). A framework for strategic sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140(1), 17–31.
631:. The first three are ecological sustainability principles, the latter five as social sustainability principles. Together they describe a
551:
These latter 5 are the result of recent research led by Dr Merlina Missimer. By providing significant granularity on the root causes of
257:
When the 5LF is applied to the socio-ecological system (or society within the biosphere) it is called the Natural Step Framework, or the
604:. This was first published in a peer-reviewed academic journal in 1991 under the title "From the Big Bang to Sustainable Societies".
555:
unsustainability, it is increasingly replacing the previous single, and very high-level, cause of social system unsustainability:
704:
Again, the last five social sustainability principles extended a single social sustainability principle:(Missimer, et al.,2017)
30:. The Natural Step is also used when referring to the partially open source framework it developed. Following publication of the
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Meaning-making, i.e. hindered from creating and co-creation meaning in our lives (e.g. suppression of cultural expression, etc.)
367:
regarding matter, some meteorites and dust enter and only limited matter leaves due to gravity (e.g. some space rockets, dust).
1482:
1477:
1241:
1043:
The Natural Step was introduced to the Northwest region of the United States through three one-day conferences introduced by
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Impartiality, i.e. treated differently for any reason other than competency (e.g. sexism, racism, homophobia, classism, etc.)
406:
Sunlight, or energy radiation, (LoTD) is responsible for almost all increases in net material quality on the planet through
734:… eliminate our contribution to the progressive physical degradation and destruction of nature and natural processes; and
739:… eliminate our contribution to structural obstacles to: health; influence; competence; impartiality and; meaning-making.
419:
produces most of the Earth's fresh water. This flow of energy from the sun creates structure and order from the disorder.
1363:
795:
Different general strategies can be applied to reach success based on a general understanding of the system including:
899:
46:; Robèrt's four system conditions are derived from a scientific understanding of universal laws and the aspects of our
1369:
Eriksson, K. E., & Robèrt, K.-H. (1991). From the Big Bang to sustainable societies. Acta Oncologica, 30(6), 5–14.
1172:
Eriksson, K. E., & Robèrt, K.-H. (1991). From the Big Bang to sustainable societies. Acta Oncologica, 30(6), 5–14.
208:
292:, erosion of trust, financial crises, bankruptcies due to price increases of scarce resources, land erosion, etc.
636:
632:
204:
1001:
271:
950:, or Materials Sustainability Index as originally developed by Nike in collaboration with The Natural Step.
380:
1103:
729:… eliminate our contribution to the progressive buildup of chemicals and compounds produced by society;
724:… eliminate our contribution to the progressive buildup of substances extracted from the Earth's crust;
607:
Since then there have been 2 more rounds of scientific consensus on the Framework, one was initiated by
1005:
459:
Based on the whole-system understanding and research focusing on the causes rather than the effects of
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report) meeting the needs of humans is central in sustainable development, however, it does not state
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1044:
938:
564:
894:
212:
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Ants, Galileo, and Gandhi: Designing the Future of Business Through Nature, Genius, and Compassion
1087:"Backcasting from non-overlapping sustainability principles – a framework for strategic planning."
807:
802:
Substitution of materials that do not comply with the sustainability principles by those that do.
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are systematically subject to barriers to trusting relationships, due to structural obstacles to:
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436:
423:
341:
337:
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1184:
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Blekinge Institute of Technology - Masters in Strategic Leadership towards Sustainability MSLS)
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Eco-municipalities: Sweden and the United States: A systems approach to creating communities
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27:
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Systematic increases in concentrations of substances produced by society (e.g. creation of
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The Natural Step for Communities: How Cities and Towns can Change to Sustainable Practices
8:
518:
333:
1004:
has adopted sustainability objectives based on the same principles. Communities such as
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Mind The Gap! Strategically Driving GRI Sustainability Reporting Towards Sustainability.
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subject to conditions that systematically undermine their capacity to meet their needs."
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1061:
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1364:
https://web.archive.org/web/20120402170538/http://www.naturalstep.org/ja/sweden/beccs
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Rethinking strategic management : sustainable strategizing for positive impact
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The Natural Step for Business: Wealth, Ecology and the Evolutionary Corporation
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The Natural Step for Business: Wealth, Ecology and the Evolutionary Corporation
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for The Natural Step projects by organizations and governments within the U.S.
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within the socio-ecological system lead to 8 main causes of unsustainability.
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Factor X; Factor 4; Factor 10; biological footprinting; IS0 14001; EMAS; EMS
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506:
495:
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1009:
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and energy tend to disperse over time. For matter this is referred to as "
1208:
1196:
780:
608:
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62:
1307:"The Ecological Footprint from a Systems Perspective of Sustainability."
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These main causes of unsustainability are in two groups of, as follows:
1024:
947:
799:
Dematerialisation across the entire life cycle of a product or process.
422:
The global ecosystem and its local ecosystems evolved over time into a
345:
301:
1351:
1305:
Holmberg, J., Lundqvist, U., Robèrt, K-H. and Wackernagel, M. (1999).
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in society and between humans, their organisations and the ecosystem.
767:
572:
181:
161:
149:
1327:
Dancing with the Tiger: Learning Sustainability Step by Natural Step
930:
479:
Concentrations of substances extracted from the Earth's crust (e.g.
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All the matter that will ever exist on earth is here now (1st LCoM).
1430:
923:
770:, one needs to know where one wants to be or where one is heading.
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487:
200:
177:
65:
from Principles" approach meant to advance society towards greater
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International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology
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International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology
1409:
935:
a product label for specific PVC building applications in Europe.
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388:
325:
1423:
391:." Putting the different laws together and applying them to our
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915:
623:
The current FSSD's definition of sustainability includes eight
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23:
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The framework bases its planning approach on a concept called
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I don't believe that the solutions in society will come from
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43:
1416:
1320:
1104:"An assessment of The Natural Step theory of sustainability"
819:'do not do to others what you do not want them to do to you'
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to be met so as not to degrade the socio-ecological system.
1406:- as of Jan 2020 this website is under active redevelopment
1401:
1036:
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The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD)
22:
is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation founded in
1437:
169:
1274:
Sustainable Communities: Dawson Creek, British Columbia
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subject to systematically increasing concentrations of…
513:, fishing methods, unnatural barriers, introduction of
259:
Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD).
1015:
In addition to the Canadian provinces of Alberta and
383:and second law of conservation of matter, are that
1341:The Natural Step Story: Seeding a Quiet Revolution
97:The Natural Step (TNS), an approach used to guide
1459:
954:
658:… substances produced as a byproduct of society;
571:, corruption, deny education). For example the
905:
282:
156:Society mines and disperses materials from the
1446:Alliance for Strategic Sustainable Development
1403:Alliance for Strategic Sustainable Development
1343:. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers.
1336:. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers.
1329:. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers.
653:… substances extracted from the Earth's crust;
42:for the sustainability of human activities on
1386:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.170
1380:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.059
1374:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.121
1366:analysis of Carbon capture by use of the FSSD
1149:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.170
1137:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.059
1129:
1125:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.121
613:additional research, application and practice
164:faster than they are returned to the Earth's
618:
82:) and a multitude of NGOs around the world.
1468:Environmental organizations based in Sweden
296:Overview of the science - Systems functions
1162:https://www.context.org/iclib/ic28/robert/
967:
964:approach applicable to business strategy.
786:backcasting from sustainability principles
328:thinking, flows of resources and wastes),
1119:
1117:
752:
109:
1473:Non-profit organizations based in Sweden
884:Interfaces with other tools and concepts
1452:The Natural Step explained in 2 minutes
627:(first order scientific principles) or
395:, the following facts become apparent:
1460:
1325:Nattrass, B. and M. Altomare. (2002).
1114:
1085:Holmberg, J. and Robèrt, K-H. (2000).
925:Strategic Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA)
575:uses the 8 causes of unsustainability.
1332:Nattrass, B. and M. Altomare (1999).
1284:Nattrass, B. and M. Altomare (1999).
1250:
1101:
834:
586:
1180:
1178:
643:"In a sustainable society nature is
354:
277:
920:co-developed with TNS practitioners
673:subject to structural obstacles to…
521:of extracted or created substances)
58:and a multitude of social studies.
13:
1350:. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf Press.
1299:
579:Previously, these were called the
483:of fossil fuels, metals, minerals)
454:
61:The Natural Step has pioneered a "
14:
1494:
1395:
1175:
825:
709:"and in that society… people are
501:Systematic increases in physical
1315:James, S. and T. Lahti, (2004).
663:… degradation by physical means,
435:A social (sub-)system also is a
430:
1278:
1263:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1166:
1153:
1141:
1095:
1079:
898:Global Reporting Initiative -
843:
773:
494:, purified substances, sugar,
1:
1483:1989 establishments in Sweden
1339:Robèrt, Karl-Henrik. (2002).
1102:Upham, Paul (1 March 2000) .
1002:American Planning Association
976:(1991), Robèrt described how
955:Applications of the Framework
945:Sustainable Apparel Coalition
917:Future-Fit Business Benchmark
573:Future-Fit Business Benchmark
474:is systematically subject to:
88:Future-Fit Business Benchmark
1478:Sustainability organizations
906:Tools based on the Framework
757:
426:with many interdependencies.
304:, laws of nature (including
283:The Sustainability challenge
240:
7:
1050:
932:VinylVerified Product Label
853:A: Awareness and visioning.
410:and solar heating effects.
251:The 5 Level Framework (5LF)
245:
10:
1499:
1425:The Natural Step - Germany
1185:The Four System Conditions
978:The Natural Step Framework
602:The Natural Step Framework
36:The Natural Step framework
34:in 1987, Robèrt developed
1067:Living Building Challenge
1045:Northwest Earth Institute
939:Living Building Challenge
715:(Henrik Ny, et al., 2006)
625:sustainability principles
619:Sustainability principles
503:degradation of ecosystems
1319:. Gabriola Island, BC:
1236:. Cham: Springer. 2019.
1221:Applying the ABCD Method
1072:
874:D: Decide on priorities.
359:Earth's biosphere is an
90:and the Alberta, Canada
1288:. Gabriola Island, BC:
1019:, corporations such as
968:On making change happen
860:B: Baseline assessment.
808:precautionary principle
441:fundamental human needs
437:complex adaptive system
424:complex adaptive system
342:fundamental human needs
48:socio-ecological system
1346:Waage, S. (Ed.) 2003.
1321:New Society Publishers
1290:New Society Publishers
995:
867:C: Creative solutions.
784:and more specifically
753:FSSD - Strategic Level
596:on what was to become
267:Dr. Karl Henrik Robert
265:Since its creation by
110:Towards sustainability
56:laws of thermodynamics
1223:. thenaturalstep.org.
1211:. thenaturalstep.org.
1199:. thenaturalstep.org.
1187:. thenaturalstep.org.
982:
980:would create change:
629:criteria for redesign
318:biogeochemical cycles
141:and created desires.
26:in 1989 by scientist
1352:Greenleaf Publishing
762:Often confused with
637:strongly sustainable
633:strongly sustainable
594:scientific consensus
1432:Future-fit Business
766:. To be able to be
694:… impartiality; and
639:ecological system:
443:(as articulated by
334:social institutions
121:report (a.k.a. the
1391:Studentlitteratur.
1256:James, S. (2003).
1108:Cleaner Production
1062:Triple bottom line
1040:waste management.
998:Eco-municipalities
835:FSSD - Tools Level
615:around the world.
587:FSSD Success Level
526:The people in the
168:(examples include
148:It was found that
38:, setting out the
28:Karl-Henrik Robèrt
1418:Regenerate Canada
1270:Pembina Institute
1243:978-3-03-006012-1
972:In an article in
635:society within a
581:system conditions
472:ecological system
447:, among others).
355:Ecological System
310:conservation laws
278:FSSD System Level
119:Our common future
40:system conditions
32:Brundtland Report
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699:… meaning-making
669:…and people are
461:unsustainability
445:Manfred Max-Neef
393:planetary system
223:land or causing
135:Manfred Max-Neef
92:energyfutureslab
71:systems thinking
50:, including the
20:The Natural Step
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1197:Backcasting
948:Higgs Index
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815:Golden rule
781:backcasting
774:Backcasting
609:Paul Hawken
565:demonstrate
563:, right to
361:open system
336:(including
158:lithosphere
63:Backcasting
1462:Categories
1110:: 447–449.
1092:7:291-308.
1025:Nike, Inc.
974:In Context
381:Second Law
374:says that
346:psychology
302:ecosystems
139:real needs
123:Brundtland
16:Foundation
1021:Interface
990:the right
768:strategic
758:Strategic
679:… health;
567:or vote,
372:First Law
241:Framework
236:purpose).
182:Phosphors
162:biosphere
160:into the
150:ecosystem
1312:6:17-33.
1272:(2007).
1209:Glossary
1051:See also
1006:Whistler
986:the left
764:Strategy
519:leakages
488:plastics
246:Overview
201:plastics
188:such as
180:such as
178:minerals
69:. Whole-
840:tools.
790:present
561:torture
389:entropy
326:systems
221:fertile
205:dioxins
190:mercury
1454:Video.
1240:
1035:, and
746:should
505:(e.g.
492:toxins
481:mining
403:space.
385:matter
376:energy
186:metals
130:needs.
54:, the
24:Sweden
1073:Notes
941:(LBC)
338:trust
272:NGO's
166:crust
127:which
44:Earth
1238:ISBN
1037:IKEA
1008:and
470:The
340:and
213:PCBs
211:and
194:lead
192:and
184:and
174:coal
988:or
817:' (
711:not
671:not
645:not
344:),
209:DDT
170:oil
1464::
1177:^
1116:^
1106:.
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94:.
80:EU
78:,
76:UN
1354:.
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133:(
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