Moon - Knowledge

6501: 4299: 6924: 6472: 3048: 25100: 4867: 3732: 5915: 51: 6527: 22823: 6872: 2973: 3278: 3855: 3007:, some less than 50 million years old. This raises the possibility of a much warmer lunar mantle than previously believed, at least on the near side where the deep crust is substantially warmer because of the greater concentration of radioactive elements. Evidence has been found for 2–10 million years old basaltic volcanism within the crater Lowell, inside the Orientale basin. Some combination of an initially hotter mantle and local enrichment of heat-producing elements in the mantle could be responsible for prolonged activities on the far side in the Orientale basin. 1699: 168: 6894: 1693: 174: 4633: 3529: 6184: 2371: 2171: 3402: 2715: 2032: 5454: 5813: 4279: 22713: 22099: 5654: 5132: 1795: 3176: 2258:. However, the inner core of the Moon is small, with a radius of about 350 kilometres (220 mi) or less, around 20% of the radius of the Moon. Its composition is not well understood, but is probably metallic iron alloyed with a small amount of sulfur and nickel; analyzes of the Moon's time-variable rotation suggest that it is at least partly molten. The pressure at the lunar core is estimated to be 5 GPa (49,000 atm). 4153: 25264: 20964: 22817: 3928: 2553: 4354:, the size of the Sun, and its apparent diameter in the sky, are slowly increasing. The combination of these two changes means that hundreds of millions of years ago, the Moon would always completely cover the Sun on solar eclipses, and no annular eclipses were possible. Likewise, hundreds of millions of years in the future, the Moon will no longer cover the Sun completely, and total solar eclipses will not occur. 25228: 25076: 2820: 22829: 25240: 25088: 4775: 25276: 2327:, large positive gravitational anomalies associated with some of the giant impact basins, partly caused by the dense mare basaltic lava flows that fill those basins. The anomalies greatly influence the orbit of spacecraft about the Moon. There are some puzzles: lava flows by themselves cannot explain all of the gravitational signature, and some mascons exist that are not linked to mare volcanism. 3560: 25252: 2352:

years ago, after the lunar core had crystallized. Theoretically, some of the remnant magnetization may originate from transient magnetic fields generated during large impacts through the expansion of plasma clouds. These clouds are generated during large impacts in an ambient magnetic field. This is supported by the location of the largest crustal magnetizations situated near the

1930: 3066:, with craters formed when asteroids and comets collide with the lunar surface. There are estimated to be roughly 300,000 craters wider than 1 km (0.6 mi) on the Moon's near side. Lunar craters exhibit a variety of forms, depending on their size. In order of increasing diameter, the basic types are simple craters with smooth bowl shaped interiors and upturned rims, 2207:. The Moon has a solid iron-rich inner core with a radius possibly as small as 240 kilometres (150 mi) and a fluid outer core primarily made of liquid iron with a radius of roughly 300 kilometres (190 mi). Around the core is a partially molten boundary layer with a radius of about 500 kilometres (310 mi). This structure is thought to have developed through the 15295: 3244:, leaving traces of water which could possibly persist in cold, permanently shadowed craters at either pole on the Moon. Computer simulations suggest that up to 14,000 km (5,400 sq mi) of the surface may be in permanent shadow. The presence of usable quantities of water on the Moon is an important factor in rendering 2267: 3142:. Ejecta from impacts can create secondary craters that often appear in clusters or chains, but can also occur as isolated formations at a considerable distance from the impact. These can resemble primary craters, and may even dominate small crater populations, so their unidentified presence can distort age estimates. 3597:. Moonquakes are much less common and weaker than are earthquakes, although moonquakes can last for up to an hour – significantly longer than terrestrial quakes – because of scattering of the seismic vibrations in the dry fragmented upper crust. The existence of moonquakes was an unexpected discovery from 2753:. At 13 km (8.1 mi) deep, its floor is the lowest point on the surface of the Moon. The highest elevations of the Moon's surface are located directly to the northeast, which might have been thickened by the oblique formation impact of the South Pole–Aitken basin. Other large impact basins such as 3339:. Although of considerable selenological interest, this insight does not mean that water is easily available since the sample originated many kilometers below the surface, and the inclusions are so difficult to access that it took 39 years to find them with a state-of-the-art ion microprobe instrument. 1991:, 3.3–3.7 billion years ago, though some are as young as 1.2 billion years and some as old as 4.2 billion years. There are differing explanations for the eruption of mare basalts, particularly their uneven occurrence which mainly appear on the near-side. Causes of the distribution of the 19576:

half-moon is to be found on Sassanid and Byzantine municipal coins, it may be regarded as an innovation of Mehmed. It seems certain that in the interior of Asia tribes of Turkish nomads had been using the half-moon alone as an emblem for some time past, but it is equally certain that crescent and star

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Analysis of the findings of the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) revealed in August 2018 for the first time "definitive evidence" for water-ice on the lunar surface. The data revealed the distinct reflective signatures of water-ice, as opposed to dust and other reflective substances. The ice deposits were

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The concentration of maria on the near side likely reflects the substantially thicker crust of the highlands of the Far Side, which may have formed in a slow-velocity impact of a second moon of Earth a few tens of millions of years after the Moon's formation. Alternatively, it may be a consequence of

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Colaprete, Anthony; Schultz, Peter; Heldmann, Jennifer; Wooden, Diane; Shirley, Mark; Ennico, Kimberly; Hermalyn, Brendan; Marshall, William; Ricco, Antonio; Elphic, Richard C.; Goldstein, David; Summy, Dustin; Bart, Gwendolyn D.; Asphaug, Erik; Korycansky, Don; Landis, David; Sollitt, Luke (October

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Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Bowell, Edward G.; Conrad, Albert R.; Consolmagno, Guy J.; Courtin, Régis; Fukushima, Toshio; Hestroffer, Daniel; Hilton, James L.; Krasinsky, George A.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Oberst, Jürgen; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Stooke, Philip J.; Tholen, David J.; Thomas,

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is given based on scaling of the brightness from the value of −12.74 given for an equator to Moon-centre distance of 378 000 km in the NASA factsheet reference to the minimum Earth–Moon distance given there, after the latter is corrected for Earth's equatorial radius of 6 378 km,

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occur at full moon, when Earth is between the Sun and Moon. The apparent size of the Moon is roughly the same as that of the Sun, with both being viewed at close to one-half a degree wide. The Sun is much larger than the Moon but it is the vastly greater distance that gives it the same apparent size

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The tides are two bulges in the Earth's oceans, one on the side facing the Moon and the other on the side opposite. As the Earth rotates on its axis, one of the ocean bulges (high tide) is held in place "under" the Moon, while another such tide is opposite. As a result, there are two high tides, and

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could provide a hospitable environment for future astronauts, protecting them from extreme temperatures, solar radiation, and micrometeorites. However, challenges include accessibility and risks of avalanches and cave-ins. This discovery offers potential for future lunar bases or emergency shelters.

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argued that the full moon induced insanity in susceptible individuals, believing that the brain, which is mostly water, must be affected by the Moon and its power over the tides, but the Moon's gravity is too slight to affect any single person. Even today, people who believe in a lunar effect claim

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occurs when a bright star or planet passes behind the Moon and is occulted: hidden from view. In this way, a solar eclipse is an occultation of the Sun. Because the Moon is comparatively close to Earth, occultations of individual stars are not visible everywhere on the planet, nor at the same time.

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In addition to the visible maria, the Moon has mare deposits covered by ejecta from impacts. Called cryptomares, these hidden mares are likely older than the exposed ones. Conversely, mare lava has obscured many impact melt sheets and pools. Impact melts are formed when intense shock pressures from

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Shearer, Charles K.; Hess, Paul C.; Wieczorek, Mark A.; Pritchard, Matt E.; Parmentier, E. Mark; Borg, Lars E.; Longhi, John; Elkins-Tanton, Linda T.; Neal, Clive R.; Antonenko, Irene; Canup, Robin M.; Halliday, Alex N.; Grove, Tim L.; Hager, Bradford H.; Lee, D.-C.; Wiechert, Uwe (2006). "Thermal

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Wieczorek, Mark A.; Jolliff, Bradley L.; Khan, Amir; Pritchard, Matthew E.; Weiss, Benjamin P.; Williams, James G.; Hood, Lon L.; Righter, Kevin; Neal, Clive R.; Shearer, Charles K.; McCallum, I. Stewart; Tompkins, Stephanie; Hawke, B. Ray; Peterson, Chris; Gillis, Jeffrey J.; Bussey, Ben (2006).

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the lighter body of the orbital system, as is already the case with the Moon. Theoretically, in 50 billion years, the Earth's rotation will have slowed to the point of matching the Moon's orbital period, causing the Earth to always present the same side to the Moon. However, the Sun will become a

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cloud exists around the Moon, generated by small particles from comets. Estimates are 5 tons of comet particles strike the Moon's surface every 24 hours, resulting in the ejection of dust particles. The dust stays above the Moon approximately 10 minutes, taking 5 minutes to rise, and 5 minutes to

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magnetic field and only has crustal magnetization likely acquired early in its history when a dynamo was still operating. Early in its history, 4 billion years ago, its magnetic field strength was likely close to that of Earth today. This early dynamo field apparently expired by about one billion

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Giant impacts are thought to have been common in the early Solar System. Computer simulations of giant impacts have produced results that are consistent with the mass of the lunar core and the angular momentum of the Earth–Moon system. These simulations show that most of the Moon derived from the

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Pieters, C. M.; Goswami, J. N.; Clark, R. N.; Annadurai, M.; Boardman, J.; Buratti, B.; Combe, J.-P.; Dyar, M. D.; Green, R.; Head, J. W.; Hibbitts, C.; Hicks, M.; Isaacson, P.; Klima, R.; Kramer, G.; Kumar, S.; Livo, E.; Lundeen, S.; Malaret, E.; McCord, T.; Mustard, J.; Nettles, J.; Petro, N.;

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Lucey, Paul; Korotev, Randy L.; Gillis, Jeffrey J.; Taylor, Larry A.; Lawrence, David; Campbell, Bruce A.; Elphic, Rick; Feldman, Bill; Hood, Lon L.; Hunten, Donald; Mendillo, Michael; Noble, Sarah; Papike, James J.; Reedy, Robert C.; Lawson, Stefanie; Prettyman, Tom; Gasnault, Olivier; Maurice,

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beyond Earth around the Moon has been considered as a future challenge with increasing numbers of missions to the Moon, particularly as a danger for such missions. As such lunar waste management has been raised as an issue which future lunar missions, particularly on the surface, need to tackle.

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star as an emblem of sovereignty from the Byzantines. The half-moon alone on a blood red flag, allegedly conferred on the Janissaries by Emir Orhan, was much older, as is demonstrated by numerous references to it dating from before 1453. But since these flags lack the star, which along with the

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While the giant-impact theory explains many lines of evidence, some questions are still unresolved, most of which involve the Moon's composition. Models that have the Moon acquiring a significant amount of the proto-earth are more difficult to reconcile with geochemical data for the isotopes of

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due to tidal stretching, with its long axis displaced 30° from facing the Earth, due to gravitational anomalies from impact basins. Its shape is more elongated than current tidal forces can account for. This 'fossil bulge' indicates that the Moon solidified when it orbited at half its current

15291: 3758:, or more correctly its orbital position, and time of the year, or more correctly the position of the Earth's axis. The full moon is highest in the sky during winter and lowest during summer (for each hemisphere respectively), with its altitude changing towards dark moon to the opposite. 19580:

are attested only for a much later period. There is good reason to believe that old Turkish and Byzantine traditions were combined in the emblem of Ottoman and, much later, present-day Republican Turkish sovereignty." Franz Babinger (William C. Hickman Ed., Ralph Manheim Trans.),

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The most commonly known effect of tidal forces are elevated sea levels called ocean tides. While the Moon exerts most of the tidal forces, the Sun also exerts tidal forces and therefore contributes to the tides as much as 40% of the Moon's tidal force; producing in interplay the

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light more towards the Sun than in other directions. The Moon's color depends on the light the Moon reflects, which in turn depends on the Moon's surface and its features, having for example large darker regions. In general the lunar surface reflects a brown-tinged gray light.

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aims to return the astronauts to the Moon in the 2020s. The Accords have been joined by a growing number of countries. The introduction of the Artemis Accords has fueled a renewed discussion about the international framework and cooperation of lunar activity, building on the

3586:, a result of the Moon's orbital eccentricity and inclination (if the Moon's orbit were perfectly circular and un-inclined, there would only be solar tides). According to recent research, scientists suggest that the Moon's influence on the Earth may contribute to maintaining 7024:

The lunar effect is a purported unproven correlation between specific stages of the roughly 29.5-day lunar cycle and behavior and physiological changes in living beings on Earth, including humans. The Moon has long been associated with insanity and irrationality; the words

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missions demonstrate that the Moon had once possessed a relatively thick atmosphere for a period of 70 million years between 3 and 4 billion years ago. This atmosphere, sourced from gases ejected from lunar volcanic eruptions, was twice the thickness of that of present-day

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compositions compared to Earth. However, Earth and the Moon have nearly identical isotopic compositions. The isotopic equalization of the Earth-Moon system might be explained by the post-impact mixing of the vaporized material that formed the two, although this is debated.

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have been definitively dated, they are useful for assigning relative ages. Because impact craters accumulate at a nearly constant rate, counting the number of craters per unit area can be used to estimate the age of the surface. However care needs to be exercised with the

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Colaprete, A.; Ennico, K.; Wooden, D.; Shirley, M.; Heldmann, J.; Marshall, W.; Sollitt, L.; Asphaug, E.; Korycansky, D.; Schultz, P.; Hermalyn, B.; Galal, K.; Bart, G.D.; Goldstein, D.; Summy, D. (March 1–5, 2010). "Water and More: An Overview of LCROSS Impact Results".

16431:(University of Chicago Press, 1930; reprinted by Kessinger Publishing, 2006). "Half of the spheres of the Earth, the planets, and the asterisms is darkened by their shadows, and half, being turned toward the Sun, is light (being small or large) according to their size." 6084:

In the face of such increasing commercial and national interest, particularly prospecting territories, U.S. lawmakers have introduced in late 2020 specific regulation for the conservation of historic landing sites and interest groups have argued for making such sites

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Moon's internal structure: solid inner core (iron-metallic), molten outer core, hardened mantle and crust. The crust on the Moon's near side permanently facing Earth is thinner, featuring larger areas flooded by material of the once molten mantle forming today's

7176:. The same fact sheet gives extreme Earth–Moon distances of 407 000 km and 357 000 km. For the maximum angular size, the minimum distance has to be corrected for Earth's equatorial radius of 6 378 km, giving 350 600 km. 4577:(90–168 AD) greatly improved on the numbers of Aristarchus, calculating a mean distance of 59 times Earth's radius and a diameter of 0.292 Earth diameters, close to the correct values of about 60 and 0.273 respectively. In the 2nd century AD, 4361:, eclipses do not occur at every full and new moon. For an eclipse to occur, the Moon must be near the intersection of the two orbital planes. The periodicity and recurrence of eclipses of the Sun by the Moon, and of the Moon by Earth, is described by the 17871: 2795:

landing site. The cave, identified as an entry point to a collapsed lava tube, is roughly 45 meters wide and up to 80 m long. This discovery marks the first confirmed entry point to a lunar cave. The analysis was based on photos taken in 2010 by NASA’s

2681:. The regolith of older surfaces is generally thicker than for younger surfaces: it varies in thickness from 10–15 m (33–49 ft) in the highlands and 4–5 m (13–16 ft) in the maria. Beneath the finely comminuted regolith layer is the 3323:

polar crater, and detected at least 100 kg (220 lb) of water in a plume of ejected material. Another examination of the LCROSS data showed the amount of detected water to be closer to 155 ± 12 kg (342 ± 26 lb).

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recalibrates the relations between the colors of an object and its surroundings, and because the surrounding sky is comparatively dark, the sunlit Moon is perceived as a bright object. The edges of the full moon seem as bright as the center, without

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While the Apollo missions were explorational in nature, the Artemis program plans to establish a more permanent presence. To this end, NASA is partnering with industry leaders to establish key elements such as modern communication infrastructure. A

17395:"China's Chang'e-6 sample return mission (a first ever lunar far side sample-return) is scheduled to launch in May 2024, and expected to take 53 days from launch to return module touchdown. Targeting southern area of Apollo basin (~43º S, 154º W)" 2500:

of water ice in the regolith. These gases either return into the regolith because of the Moon's gravity or are lost to space, either through solar radiation pressure or, if they are ionized, by being swept away by the solar wind's magnetic field.

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spacecraft showed that high concentrations of hydrogen are present in the first meter of depth in the regolith near the polar regions. Volcanic lava beads, brought back to Earth aboard Apollo 15, showed small amounts of water in their interior.

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If the Earth-Moon system isn't engulfed by the enlarged Sun, the drag from the solar atmosphere can cause the orbit of the Moon to decay. Once the orbit of the Moon closes to a distance of 18,470 km (11,480 mi), it will cross Earth's

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deformations caused by Earth. With time, the energy of rotation of the Moon on its axis was dissipated as heat, until there was no rotation of the Moon relative to Earth. In 2016, planetary scientists using data collected on the 1998-99 NASA

4894:'s 1961 commitment to a crewed Moon landing before the end of the decade, the United States, under NASA leadership, launched a series of uncrewed probes to develop an understanding of the lunar surface in preparation for human missions: the 2250:

samples of the flood lavas that erupted onto the surface from partial melting in the mantle confirm the mafic mantle composition, which is more iron-rich than that of Earth. The crust is on average about 50 kilometres (31 mi) thick.

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two low tides in about 24 hours. Since the Moon is orbiting the Earth in the same direction of the Earth's rotation, the high tides occur about every 12 hours and 25 minutes; the 25 minutes is due to the Moon's time to orbit the Earth.

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of the Moon is approximately 1/6 of Earth's. The jumping height is limited by the EVA space suit's weight on the Moon of about 13.6 kg (30 lb) and by the suit's pressurization resisting the bending of the suit, as needed for

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are also not well understood. Topological measurements show the near side crust is thinner than the far side. One possible scenario then is that large impacts on the near side may have made it easier for lava to flow onto the surface.

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There has been historical controversy over whether observed features on the Moon's surface change over time. Today, many of these claims are thought to be illusory, resulting from observation under different lighting conditions, poor

3978:. The poles of the Moon are therefore in the dark for half a draconic year (or with only part of the Sun visible) and then lit for half a draconic year. The amount of sunlight falling on horizontal areas near the poles depends on the 2868:

in some areas. These low, sinuous ridges can extend for hundreds of kilometers and often outline buried structures within the mare. Another result of maria formation is the creation of concentric depressions along the edges, known as

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The impact would have released enough energy to liquefy both the ejecta and the Earth's crust, forming a magma ocean. The liquefied ejecta could have then re-accreted into the Earth–Moon system. The newly formed Moon would have had

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mission, whose instruments indicated the presence of excess hydrogen at the lunar poles, which is likely to have been caused by the presence of water ice in the upper few meters of the regolith within permanently shadowed craters.

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found on the North and South poles, although it is more abundant in the South, where water is trapped in permanently shadowed craters and crevices, allowing it to persist as ice on the surface since they are shielded from the sun.

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accurate study of lunar features, included the heights of more than a thousand mountains, and introduced the study of the Moon at accuracies possible in earthly geography. Lunar craters, first noted by Galileo, were thought to be

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as the much closer and much smaller Moon from the perspective of Earth. The variations in apparent size, due to the non-circular orbits, are nearly the same as well, though occurring in different cycles. This makes possible both

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Mare volcanism has altered impact craters in various ways, including filling them to varying degrees, and raising and fracturing their floors from uplift of mare material beneath their interiors. Examples of such craters include

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Increasing human activity at the Moon has raised the need for coordination to safeguard international and commercial lunar activity. Issues from cooperation to mere coordination, through for example the development of a shared

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for the Moon Treaty has been advocated for, as a way to compensate for the shortcomings of the Moon Treaty and to harmonize it with other laws and agreements such as the Artemis Accords, allowing it to be more widely accepted.

7303:. At present, the diameter of the Sun is increasing at a rate of about five percent per billion years. This is very similar to the rate at which the apparent angular diameter of the Moon is decreasing as it recedes from Earth. 3904:

mission, found two hydrogen-rich areas (most likely former water ice) on opposite sides of the Moon. It is speculated that these patches were the poles of the Moon billions of years ago before it was tidally locked to Earth.

12839:"Lunar mare deposits associated with the Orientale impact basin: New insights into mineralogy, history, mode of emplacement, and relation to Orientale Basin evolution from Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data from Chandrayaan-1" 11525: 8116:; Grundy, Will; Sykes, Mark; Stern, Alan; Bell, James; Detelich, Charlene; Runyon, Kirby; Summers, Michael (2021). "Moons are planets: Scientific usefulness versus cultural teleology in the taxonomy of planetary science". 5676:. While the Moon has no significant atmosphere, traffic and impacts on the Moon causes clouds of dust that can spread far and possibly contaminate the original state of the Moon and its special scientific content. Scholar 2784:. Mare Frigoris, a basin near the north pole long assumed to be geologically dead, has cracked and shifted. Since the Moon does not have tectonic plates, its tectonic activity is slow and cracks develop as it loses heat. 2927:. Such craters are relatively rare, and tend to be smaller (typically a few kilometers wide), shallower, and more irregularly shaped than impact craters. They also lack the upturned rims characterstic of impact craters. 11359:

R. Sridharan; S.M. Ahmed; Tirtha Pratim Dasa; P. Sreelathaa; P. Pradeepkumara; Neha Naika; Gogulapati Supriya (2010). "'Direct' evidence for water (H2O) in the sunlit lunar ambience from CHACE on MIP of Chandrayaan I".

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measured the lowest summer temperatures in craters at the southern pole at 35 K (−238 °C; −397 °F) and just 26 K (−247 °C; −413 °F) close to the winter solstice in the north polar crater

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Saal, Alberto E.; Hauri, Erik H.; Cascio, Mauro L.; van Orman, James A.; Rutherford, Malcolm C.; Cooper, Reid F. (2008). "Volatile content of lunar volcanic glasses and the presence of water in the Moon's interior".

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Speyerer, Emerson J.; Povilaitis, Reinhold Z.; Robinson, Mark S.; Thomas, Peter C.; Wagner, Robert V. (October 13, 2016). "Quantifying crater production and regolith overturn on the Moon with temporal imaging".

7749: 22075: 17863: 14374:"There's Water and Ice on the Moon, and in More Places Than NASA Once Thought – Future astronauts seeking water on the moon may not need to go into the most treacherous craters in its polar regions to find it" 3156:

High-resolution images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in the 2010s show a contemporary crater-production rate significantly higher than was previously estimated. A secondary cratering process caused by

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with 0.53 millisieverts per day at about 400 km above Earth in orbit, 5–10 times more than during a trans-Atlantic flight, 200 times more than on Earth's surface. For further comparison radiation on a

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Dickey, J.; Bender, P. L.; Faller, J. E.; Newhall, X. X.; Ricklefs, R. L.; Ries, J. G.; Shelus, P. J.; Veillet, C.; Whipple, A. L. (1994). "Lunar laser ranging: a continuing legacy of the Apollo program".

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created an allegory equating the waxing and waning of the Moon to a round ball of reflective silver that, when doused with white powder and viewed from the side, would appear to be a crescent. During the

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lava. Although similar to terrestrial basalts, lunar basalts have more iron and no minerals altered by water. The majority of these lava deposits erupted or flowed into the depressions associated with

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If the Earth were a water world (one with no continents) it would produce a tide of only one meter, and that tide would be very predictable, but the ocean tides are greatly modified by other effects:

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is thought to churn the top two centimeters of regolith on a timescale of 81,000 years. This rate is 100 times faster than the rate computed from models based solely on direct micrometeorite impacts.

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The range of angular size values given are based on simple scaling of the following values given in the fact sheet reference: at an Earth-equator to Moon-centre distance of 378 000 km, the

6223:, notched bones dating as far back as 20–30,000 years ago, are believed by some to mark the phases of the Moon. The counting of the days between the Moon's phases gave eventually rise to generalized 1881:

impactor, rather than the proto-Earth. However, models from 2007 and later suggest a larger fraction of the Moon derived from the proto-Earth. Other bodies of the inner Solar System such as Mars and

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Watters, Thomas R.; Weber, Renee C.; Collins, Geoffrey C.; Howley, Ian J.; Schmerr, Nicholas C.; Johnson, Catherine L. (June 2019). "Shallow seismic activity and young thrust faults on the Moon".

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Lunar swirls are enigmatic features found across the Moon's surface. They are characterized by a high albedo, appear optically immature (i.e. the optical characteristics of a relatively young

2633:. Because of the lack of atmosphere, temperatures of different areas vary particularly upon whether they are in sunlight or shadow, making topographical details play a decisive role on local 17277:"The Space Treaty Institute – Dedicated to Peace and Sustainability in Outer Space. Our Mission: To give people Hope and Inspiration by helping the nations of Earth to build a Common Future" 4119:

which is up to 30% larger. Consequently, given the same phase, the Moon's brightness also varies by up to 30% between apogee and perigee. A full (or new) moon at such a position is called a

3451:, about once every 27.3 days. However, because the Earth-Moon system moves at the same time in its orbit around the Sun, it takes slightly longer, 29.5 days, to return at the same 7838:

Matthews, Grant (2008). "Celestial body irradiance determination from an underfilled satellite radiometer: application to albedo and thermal emission measurements of the Moon using CERES".

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sticks to their suits and is carried into their quarters. Astronauts could taste and smell the dust, which smells like gunpowder and was called the "Apollo aroma". This fine lunar dust can

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The gravitational attraction that Earth and the Moon (as well as the Sun) exert on each other manifests in a slightly greater attraction on the sides closest to each other, resulting in

1817:. Historically, several formation mechanisms have been proposed, but none satisfactorily explains the features of the Earth–Moon system. A fission of the Moon from Earth's crust through 12734:

Braden, S.E.; Stopar, J.D.; Robinson, M.S.; Lawrence, S.J.; van der Bogert, C.H.; Hiesinger, H. (2014). "Evidence for basaltic volcanism on the Moon within the past 100 million years".

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is used in scientific writing and especially in science fiction to distinguish the Earth's moon from others, while in poetry "Luna" has been used to denote personification of the Moon.

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There is no strong correlation between the sizes of planets and the sizes of their satellites. Larger planets tend to have more satellites, both large and small, than smaller planets.

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mission in 1972. The inclusions were formed during explosive eruptions on the Moon approximately 3.7 billion years ago. This concentration is comparable with that of magma in Earth's

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Latham, Gary; Ewing, Maurice; Dorman, James; Lammlein, David; Press, Frank; Toksőz, Naft; Sutton, George; Duennebier, Fred; Nakamura, Yosio (1972). "Moonquakes and lunar tectonism".

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with its Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope still operational. Five retroreflectors have been installed on the Moon since the 1970s and since used for accurate measurements of the physical

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With the different positions of the Moon, different areas of it are illuminated by the Sun. This illumination of different lunar areas, as viewed from Earth, produces the different

3309:, in reflected sunlight, providing evidence of large quantities of water ice, on the lunar surface. The spacecraft showed that concentrations may possibly be as high as 1,000 14152: 12073:

Pieters, C. M.; Tompkins, S.; Head, J. W.; Hess, P. C. (1997). "Mineralogy of the Mafic Anomaly in the South Pole-Aitken Basin: Implications for excavation of the lunar mantle".

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With Australia signing and ratifying both the Moon Treaty in 1986 as well as the Artemis Accords in 2020, there has been a discussion if they can be harmonized. In this light an

3582:, a variable tide due to orbital eccentricity and inclination, and a small varying component from the Sun. The Earth-induced variable component arises from changing distance and 2591:

is about 1.84 millisieverts per day and on Mars on average 0.64 millisieverts per day, with some locations on Mars possibly having levels as low as 0.342 millisieverts per day.

19353: 5210:, becoming the fifth and sixth state to do so, creating a high-resolution chemical, mineralogical and photo-geological map of the lunar surface, and confirming the presence of 11555: 4953:

by the Soviet Union had been in orbit around the Moon, becoming together with Apollo 11 the first ever case of two extraterrestrial missions being conducted at the same time.

2861:, does not correspond to an obvious impact basin. Different episodes of lava flows in maria can often be recognized by variations in surface albedo and distinct flow margins. 13339: 8708:

Thiemens, Maxwell M.; Sprung, Peter; Fonseca, Raúl O. C.; Leitzke, Felipe P.; Münker, Carsten (July 2019). "Early Moon formation inferred from hafnium-tungsten systematics".

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minerals could form and float into a crust atop. The final liquids to crystallize would have been initially sandwiched between the crust and mantle, with a high abundance of

25003: 24577: 23424: 22022: 18673: 6054:

by any single nation, leaving it to a yet unspecified international regulatory regime. As of January 2020, it has been signed and ratified by 18 nations, none of which have

4144:. Recently, it has been suggested that a roughly 3 km (1.9 mi) diameter region of the lunar surface was modified by a gas release event about a million years ago. 3671:

Thus the distance between Earth and Moon is increasing, and the Earth's rotation is slowing in reaction. Measurements from laser reflectors left during the Apollo missions (

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The Moon is recognized as an excellent site for telescopes. It is relatively nearby; certain craters near the poles are permanently dark and cold and especially useful for

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The lunar solid crust experiences tides of around 10 cm (4 in) amplitude over 27 days, with three components: a fixed one due to Earth, because they are in

1910:. Even satellites that initially pass within the Roche limit can reliably and predictably survive, by being partially stripped and then torqued onto wider, stable orbits. 17367: 16184:

One comprises what we have called "Saros Cycle Texts", which give the months of eclipse possibilities arranged in consistent cycles of 223 months (or 18 years).

2877:

collisions vaporize and melt zones around the impact site. Where still exposed, impact melt can be distinguished from mare lava by its distribution, albedo, and texture.

24973: 17488: 9270:

Touboul, M.; Kleine, T.; Bourdon, B.; Palme, H.; Wieler, R. (2007). "Late formation and prolonged differentiation of the Moon inferred from W isotopes in lunar metals".

7788: 6972:. These new insights inspired cultural references, connecting romantic reflections about the Moon and speculative fiction such as science-fiction dealing with the Moon. 2773:

possess regionally low elevations and elevated rims. The far side of the lunar surface is on average about 1.9 km (1.2 mi) higher than that of the near side.

3715:. Most of the orbiting rings will begin to decay, and the debris will impact Earth. Hence, even if the Sun does not swallow up Earth, the planet may be left moonless. 2544:, when the Earth, and Moon pass through comet debris. The lunar dust cloud is asymmetric, being more dense near the boundary between the Moon's dayside and nightside. 19807: 19320: 10368:

Nemchin, A.; Timms, N.; Pidgeon, R.; Geisler, T.; Reddy, S.; Meyer, C. (2009). "Timing of crystallization of the lunar magma ocean constrained by the oldest zircon".

8025:

We measured an average total absorbed dose rate in silicon of 13.2 ± 1 μGy/hour ... LND measured an average dose equivalent of 1369 μSv/day on the surface of the Moon

24774: 19596: 18009: 9046: 4350:

Because the distance between the Moon and Earth is very slowly increasing over time, the angular diameter of the Moon is decreasing. As it evolves toward becoming a

12888:

Cho, Y.; et al. (2012). "Young mare volcanism in the Orientale region contemporary with the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT) volcanism peak period 2 b.y. ago".

5680:

asserts that, although the Moon is inhospitable, it is not dead, and that sustainable human activity would require treating the Moon's ecology as a co-participant.

3866:

of the Moon as it orbits the Earth results in it always keeping nearly the same face turned towards the planet. The side of the Moon that faces Earth is called the

21980: 17551: 6500: 6686:(☪️) goes back to the Bronze Age, representing either the Sun and Moon, or the Moon and the planet Venus, in combination. It came to represent the selene goddess 13297:

Hartmann, William K.; Quantin, Cathy; Mangold, Nicolas (2007). "Possible long-term decline in impact rates: 2. Lunar impact-melt data regarding impact history".

9661:"A 'Big Whack' Formed the Moon and Left Traces Deep in Earth, a Study Suggests - Two enormous blobs deep inside Earth could be remnants of the birth of the moon" 7813: 119: 17926:

Pino, Paolo; Salmeri, Antonino; Hugo, Adam; Hume, Shayna (August 27, 2021). "Waste Management for Lunar Resources Activities: Toward a Circular Lunar Economy".

8270: 7141:) is based on a similar scaling using the maximum Earth–Moon distance of 407 000 km (given in the factsheet) and by calculating the brightness of the 4094: 2688:

These extreme conditions for example are considered to make it unlikely for spacecraft to harbor bacterial spores at the Moon longer than just one lunar orbit.

1743: 22749: 17636: 16893: 14659: 13938: 7048:

that admissions to psychiatric hospitals, traffic accidents, homicides or suicides increase during a full moon, but dozens of studies invalidate these claims.

5176:

The next years saw a row of first missions to the Moon by a new group of states actively exploring the Moon. Between 2004 and 2006 the first spacecraft by the

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Horányi, M.; Szalay, J.R.; Kempf, S.; Schmidt, J.; Grün, E.; Srama, R.; Sternovsky, Z. (June 18, 2015). "A permanent, asymmetric dust cloud around the Moon".

8550: 3966:(346.62 days) the Sun moves from being 1.5427° north of the lunar equator to being 1.5427° south of it and then back, just as on Earth the Sun moves from the 2961:

under the crust on the near side, which would have caused the underlying mantle to heat up, partially melt, rise to the surface and erupt. Most of the Moon's

17425: 13526: 9323: 8759: 6784: 18767: 18384: 17114: 13878:

Li, Shuai; Lucey, Paul G.; Milliken, Ralph E.; Hayne, Paul O.; Fisher, Elizabeth; Williams, Jean-Pierre; Hurley, Dana M.; Elphic, Richard C. (August 2018).

13005: 11401: 18448:"The treaties control space-related activities of States. What about non-governmental entities active in outer space, like companies and even individuals?" 18202: 17582: 16787: 15555: 8297: 2957:

Almost all maria are on the near side of the Moon, and cover 31% of the surface of the near side compared with 2% of the far side. This is likely due to a

2903:, are significantly longer, wider, and deeper than terrestrial lava channels, sometimes featuring bends and sharp turns that again, are uncommon on Earth. 20747: 18236: 18179: 17241: 16673: 12837:

Whitten, Jennifer; Head, James W.; Staid, Matthew; Pieters, Carle M.; Mustard, John; Clark, Roger; Nettles, Jeff; Klima, Rachel L.; Taylor, Larry (2011).

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are the most widely experienced result of this, but tidal forces also considerably affect other mechanics of Earth, as well as the Moon and their system.

25311: 15321: 10493:

Williams, J.G.; Turyshev, S.G.; Boggs, D.H.; Ratcliff, J.T. (2006). "Lunar laser ranging science: Gravitational physics and lunar interior and geodesy".

6069:("Encouraging International Support for the Recovery and Use of Space Resources.") that "the United States does not view outer space as a 'global commons 3874:. The far side is often inaccurately called the "dark side", but it is in fact illuminated as often as the near side: once every 29.5 Earth days. During 18315: 11992:

Spudis, Paul D.; Cook, A.; Robinson, M.; Bussey, B.; Fessler, B. (January 1998). "Topography of the South Polar Region from Clementine Stereo Imaging".

10114: 9173: 20167: 20113: 19868: 16158: 14406: 12691: 6238:

The words for the month in a range of different languages carry this relation between the period of the month and the Moon etymologically. The English

3313:. Using the mapper's reflectance spectra, indirect lighting of areas in shadow confirmed water ice within 20° latitude of both poles in 2018. In 2009, 1937:

around 4 billion years ago. At that time the Moon orbited the Earth at half its current distance, making it appear 2.8 times larger than it does today.

18975: 18737: 17793: 15942: 13256: 22015: 20757: 15351: 14737: 12720: 11492: 11021: 10628: 1906:

particles), found that giant impacts can immediately place a satellite with similar mass and iron content to the Moon into orbit far outside Earth's

9772: 5464:, person of color and non-US citizen astronaut planned to go to the Moon, scheduled for 2025, returning humans to the Moon for the first time since 25010: 20637: 19696: 19550: 17345: 3351: 17739: 16625: 14445: 14350: 13411: 13127: 10991: 10296: 10083: 5900:

to 2°, three to four times the size of the Moon or Sun in Earth's sky, or about the apparent width of two little fingers at an arm's length away.

5584: 4922:

made the first human mission to lunar orbit (the first Earthlings, two tortoises, had circled the Moon three months earlier on the Soviet Union's

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from Earth's rotation, slowing the Earth's rotation. That angular momentum, lost from the Earth, is transferred to the Moon in a process known as

1941:

The newly formed Moon settled into a much closer Earth orbit than it has today. Each body therefore appeared much larger in the sky of the other,

17448: 16084: 15738: 11607: 10023: 5162:) to the Moon again for the first time since 1973. This mission obtained the first near-global topographic map of the Moon, and the first global 4232:

The Moon may appear blue depending on the presence of certain particles in the air, such as volcanic particles, in which case it can be called a

2999:, found jagged, relatively dust-free features that, because of the lack of erosion by infalling debris, appeared to be only 2 million years old. 20089: 19972:

Kelly, Ivan; Rotton, James; Culver, Roger (1986). "The Moon Was Full and Nothing Happened: A Review of Studies on the Moon and Human Behavior".

15236: 14535: 7927:

Vasavada, A. R.; Paige, D. A.; Wood, S. E. (1999). "Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits".

7549:

Smith, David E.; Zuber, Maria T.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Lemoine, Frank G. (January 1, 1997). "Topography of the Moon from the Clementine lidar".

4618:, before the invention of the telescope, the Moon was increasingly recognized as a sphere, though many believed that it was "perfectly smooth". 18477: 17770: 17674: 14185: 12983: 11817: 11095: 4949:, the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time. While at the same time another mission, the robotic sample return mission 4434: 3018:, because they are higher than most maria. They have been radiometrically dated to having formed 4.4 billion years ago, and may represent 2522: 19728: 17613: 13648: 12771:

Srivastava, N.; Gupta, R.P. (2013). "Young viscous flows in the Lowell crater of Orientale basin, Moon: Impact melts or volcanic eruptions?".

12020:

Spudis, Paul D.; Reisse, Robert A.; Gillis, Jeffrey J. (1994). "Ancient Multiring Basins on the Moon Revealed by Clementine Laser Altimetry".

11064: 9953: 9403: 4914:

was developed in parallel; after a series of uncrewed and crewed tests of the Apollo spacecraft in Earth orbit, and spurred on by a potential

3800:

The apparent orientation of the Moon depends on its position in the sky and the hemisphere of the Earth from which it is being viewed. In the

3129:. The lack of an atmosphere, weather, and recent geological processes mean that many of these craters are well-preserved. Although only a few 1163:. Its mass is 1.2% that of the Earth, and its diameter is 3,474 km (2,159 mi), roughly one-quarter of Earth's (about as wide as the 24562: 18646: 18583: 18553: 18451: 18421: 9432: 8972: 6145: 18361: 18086: 17092: 16568: 15265: 14383: 12934: 12198: 9670: 3125:

that are between hundreds and thousands of kilometers in diameter and associated with a broad apron of ejecta deposits that form a regional

2780:

cliffs suggest that the Moon has shrunk by about 90 metres (300 ft) within the past billion years. Similar shrinkage features exist on

11868: 4876: 4173: 3644:

As a result, the timing of the tides at most points on the Earth is a product of observations that are explained, incidentally, by theory.

1287: 17314: 16786:

Appleton, James; Radley, Charles; Deans, John; Harvey, Simon; Burt, Paul; Haxell, Michael; Adams, Roy; Spooner N.; Brieske, Wayne (1977).

16299: 10281: 9841: 7527: 6663:), all three often depicted next to each other. Nanna/Sîn is, like some other lunar deities, for example Iah and Khonsu of ancient Egypt, 4605:

was not reflected from the Moon like a mirror, but that light was emitted from every part of the Moon's sunlit surface in all directions.

4471:) reasoned that the Sun and Moon were both giant spherical rocks, and that the latter reflected the light of the former. Elsewhere in the 4339:(with the Moon appearing smaller than the Sun) solar eclipses. In a total eclipse, the Moon completely covers the disc of the Sun and the 3498:, resulting in slightly changing perspectives, making over time and location on Earth about 59% of the Moon's surface visible from Earth. 2559:

with lunar dust stuck on his suit. Lunar dust is highly abrasive and can cause damage to human lungs, nervous, and cardiovascular systems.

24707: 22683: 19651: 19486: 14959: 13625: 11666: 9245: 7412: 3827:) to 406,700 km (252,700 mi) (apogee), making the Moon's distance and apparent size fluctuate up to 14%. On average the Moon's 3675:) have found that the Moon's distance increases by 38 mm (1.5 in) per year (roughly the rate at which human fingernails grow). 2750: 2410:, with a total mass of less than 10 tonnes (9.8 long tons; 11 short tons). The surface pressure of this small mass is around 3 × 10 1814: 1387:

mission. Five more crews were sent between then and 1972, each with two men landing on the surface. The longest stay was 75 hours by the

19392: 18863: 17035: 16761: 15849: 15214: 15122: 14144: 11118: 8634: 3858:

Comparison between the Moon on the left, rotating tidally locked (correct), and with the Moon on the right, without rotation (incorrect)

2081:

The Moon's diameter is about 3,500 km, more than a quarter of Earth's, with the face of the Moon comparable to the width of either

1821:

would require too great an initial rotation rate of Earth. Gravitational capture of a pre-formed Moon depends on an unfeasibly extended

22742: 22008: 21655: 19088: 17150: 16326: 16020: 12329: 10598: 7111:

with Earth: their orbits bring them close to Earth for periods of time but then alter in the long term (Morais et al, 2002). These are

6861: 4520:, the Moon marked the boundary between the spheres of the mutable elements (earth, water, air and fire), and the imperishable stars of 3232:

Liquid water cannot persist on the lunar surface. When exposed to solar radiation, water quickly decomposes through a process known as

2521:

fall. On average, 120 kilograms of dust are present above the Moon, rising up to 100 kilometers above the surface. Dust counts made by

1861:. The oblique impact blasted material into orbit about the Earth and the material accreted and formed the Moon just beyond the Earth's 23528: 20779: 19438: 17005: 14341:"Pair of studies confirm there is water on the moon – New research confirms what scientists had theorized for years — the moon is wet" 12491: 12263: 10946:

Hood, L.L.; Huang, Z. (1991). "Formation of magnetic anomalies antipodal to lunar impact basins: Two-dimensional model calculations".

24473: 19345: 15904: 14121: 10464:

Schubert, J. (2004). "Interior composition, structure, and dynamics of the Galilean satellites.". In F. Bagenal; et al. (eds.).

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landing sites. Direct transmission of data to Earth concluded in late 1977 because of budgetary considerations, but as the stations'

4202: 3694:

This tidal drag makes the rotation of the Earth and the orbital period of the Moon very slowly match. This matching first results in

3025:

of the lunar magma ocean. In contrast to Earth, no major lunar mountains are believed to have formed as a result of tectonic events.

2602:

is only 1.5427°, much less than the 23.44° of Earth. Because of this small tilt, the Moon's solar illumination varies much less with

18148: 16979: 14892: 11547: 6547:

Since prehistoric times humans have depicted and later described their perception of the Moon and its importance for them and their

6402:

Furthermore, association of time with the Moon can also be found in religion, such as the ancient Egyptian temporal and lunar deity

5953: 21589: 18478:"Statement by the Board of Directors of the IISL On Claims to Property Rights Regarding The Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (2004)" 17904: 13335: 11234: 9024: 8656: 5658: 4965: 4549: 4403: 4298: 20523: 20358: 18109: 17271: 17269: 17267: 16270: 15499: 12542:

Lawrence, D. J.; Feldman, W. C.; Barraclough, B. L.; Binder, A. B.; Elphic, R. C.; Maurice, S.; Thomsen, D. R. (August 11, 1998).

17986: 17700: 15424: 11749: 11577:

Paris, Antonio; Davies, Evan; Tognetti, Laurence; Zahniser, Carly (April 27, 2020). "Prospective Lava Tubes at Hellas Planitia".

11149: 3261:

spacecraft, indicated the existence of small, frozen pockets of water close to the surface. However, later radar observations by

1615:

is an adjective used to describe the Moon as a world, rather than as a celestial object, but its use is rare. It is derived from

23226: 21994: 20395: 20307: 18587: 18557: 18455: 18425: 16923: 16647: 16461: 14479: 14246: 12669: 1741: 24628: 24273: 24258: 24238: 23550: 23497: 21987: 20190: 17264: 15900: 14317: 12646: 10421: 10203: 9926: 8075: 7365: 5628: 4532:(287–212 BC) designed a planetarium that could calculate the motions of the Moon and other objects in the Solar System. In the 3494:, being visible from Earth. That said, while the movement of the Moon is in resonance, it still is not without nuances such as 23546: 23531: 20815: 20445: 18704:"Administration Statement on Executive Order on Encouraging International Support for the Recovery and Use of Space Resources" 18650: 17480: 14982: 10741: 6360:, where months are traditionally determined by the visual sighting of the hilal, or earliest crescent moon, over the horizon. 6195:) holding a crescent shaped horn. The 13 notches on the horn may symbolize the average number of days from menstruation to an 6089:

and zones of scientific value protected zones, all of which add to the legal availability and territorialization of the Moon.

2242:

and heat-producing elements. Consistent with this perspective, geochemical mapping made from orbit suggests a crust of mostly

24572: 24305: 24268: 24263: 23540: 22735: 20517: 20430: 20389: 20340: 20301: 20219: 20146: 19544: 19517: 19480: 19432: 19386: 19227: 19082: 19055: 18513: 16718: 16598: 16541: 16390: 16264: 16224: 16124: 15525: 15396: 15189: 15157: 14575: 13619: 13111: 12304: 11862: 11697: 10477: 8905: 8628: 8358: 8332: 8241: 7621: 5448: 4821:

were the first to accomplish a number of goals. Following three unnamed failed missions in 1958, the first human-made object

2969:, 3.3–3.7 billion years ago, though some being as young as 1.2 billion years and as old as 4.2 billion years. 19146: 19117: 18796: 16130: 15764: 14581: 10916: 10048: 8911: 25326: 25316: 24998: 24935: 24589: 24310: 24248: 24243: 23539: 22688: 19799: 19312: 18520: 18484: 17216: 16945: 15674: 15578: 12610: 8045: 6141: 5787: 5550:

has requested that industry partners develop a 10–year lunar architecture plan to enable the beginning of a lunar economy.

3532:

Minimum, mean and maximum distances of the Moon from Earth with its angular diameter as seen from Earth's surface, to scale

2873:. These features occur as the mare basalts sink inward under their own weight, causing the edges to fracture and separate. 2208: 1366: 1338: 1172: 84: 23537: 23534: 23530: 23526: 20644: 9739: 9050: 8933:

Mitler, H. E. (1975). "Formation of an iron-poor moon by partial capture, or: Yet another exotic theory of lunar origin".

5573: 3236:

and is lost to space. However, since the 1960s, scientists have hypothesized that water ice may be deposited by impacting

25152: 24253: 20556: 20552: 16871: 16732: 13675: 13160: 9349: 6930: 5864: 5395: 3808:. Sometimes the "horns" of a crescent moon appear to be pointing more upwards than sideways. This phenomenon is called a 3331:

in lunar sample 74220 was reported, the famous high-titanium "orange glass soil" of volcanic origin collected during the

2749:, some 2,240 km (1,390 mi) in diameter, the largest crater on the Moon and the second-largest confirmed impact 23544: 23536: 20608: 20225: 19834: 17181: 17057: 12145: 8582: 5123:, with its ratification in 1984 by its few signatories was about the only major activity regarding the Moon until 1990. 4368:

Because the Moon continuously blocks the view of a half-degree-wide circular area of the sky, the related phenomenon of

2113: 25321: 23533: 20857: 18620: 18113: 17031: 16422: 15978: 13215: 11043:

Colwell, Joshua E.; Robertson, Scott R.; Horányi, Mihály; Wang, Xu; Poppe, Andrew; Wheeler, Patrick (January 1, 2009).

8237: 7523: 7422: 5197: 3291:

discovered, for the first time, water-rich minerals (shown in blue around a small crater from which they were ejected).

1274:. These maria were formed when molten lava flowed into ancient impact basins. The Moon is, except when passing through 23551: 23547: 20270: 19189: 19167: 17864:"As Chinese Rocket Strikes Moon This Week We Need To Act Now To Prevent New Space Junk Around The Moon Say Scientists" 17541: 15822: 15799: 7806: 7442:

Morais, M. H. M.; Morbidelli, A. (2002). "The Population of Near-Earth Asteroids in Coorbital Motion with the Earth".

5432: 2119:

The Moon's mass is 1/81 of Earth's, being the second densest among the planetary moons, and having the second highest

24401: 24374: 23542: 20734: 18930: 11787: 8264: 7637:

Williams, James G.; Newhall, XX; Dickey, Jean O. (1996). "Lunar moments, tides, orientation, and coordinate frames".

5505: 5497: 5187: 4960:, which aborted its planned lunar landing) removed 380.05 kilograms (837.87 lb) of lunar rock and soil in 2,196 2650:. This is the coldest temperature in the Solar System ever measured by a spacecraft, colder even than the surface of 1921:, could be inside the Earth, left over from a collision with the Earth in ancient times, which also formed the Moon. 1738: 1736: 1047: 16897: 14648: 11723: 9794:

Wisdom, Jack; Tian, ZhenLiang (August 2015). "Early evolution of the Earth-Moon system with a fast-spinning Earth".

8181: 6763:

The features of the Moon, the contrasting brighter highlands and darker maria, have been seen by different cultures

4627: 4393: 3425:. This barycenter is 1,700 km (1,100 mi) (about a quarter of Earth's radius) beneath the Earth's surface. 3003:

and releases of gas indicate continued lunar activity. Evidence of recent lunar volcanism has been identified at 70

1902:

zirconium, oxygen, silicon, and other elements. A study published in 2022, using high-resolution simulations (up to

1740: 24789: 23552: 22053: 22038: 16208: 15998: 14835:"A new determination of lunar orbital parameters, precession constant and tidal acceleration from LLR measurements" 13173: 12424: 12296: 8207: 2052: 1152: 18889: 18039: 17417: 15707: 13475: 10137: 8751: 2047:

The Moon is by size and mass the fifth largest natural satellite of the Solar System, categorizable as one of its

1737: 1306:. The apparent size is nearly the same as that of the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun completely during a total 22418: 22136: 21460: 21446: 20710: 20598: 18759: 18210: 16321: 15877: 15547: 14735:

Lambeck, K. (1977). "Tidal Dissipation in the Oceans: Astronomical, Geophysical and Oceanographic Consequences".

13009: 12843: 12448: 11890:

Rasmussen, K.L.; Warren, P.H. (1985). "Megaregolith thickness, heat flow, and the bulk composition of the Moon".

11322: 11044: 10948: 9874: 9469: 9347:

Pahlevan, Kaveh; Stevenson, David J. (2007). "Equilibration in the aftermath of the lunar-forming giant impact".

9333: 8686: 7551: 5744:

Beside the remains of human activity on the Moon, there have been some intended permanent installations like the

4569:

and their 'radiating influence' theory recognized that the light of the Moon was merely a reflection of the Sun;

4000: 3672: 3252: 2709: 393: 24317: 23464: 17574: 16791: 13946: 11409: 8293: 7684: 4964:. Scientific instrument packages were installed on the lunar surface during all the Apollo landings. Long-lived 1760:, to the mare and later craters, and finally the young, still bright and therefore readily visible craters with 1282:, always illuminated by the Sun, but from Earth the visible illumination shifts during its orbit, producing the 24968: 24384: 24218: 22247: 21612: 21605: 21582: 20892: 20743: 18232: 18171: 17840: 16681: 15448: 9870:"Ages and stratigraphy of mare basalts in Oceanus Procellarum, Mare Numbium, Mare Cognitum, and Mare Insularum" 6096:

was created by a group of "lawyers, space archaeologists and concerned citizens", drawing on precedents in the

5780: 4997: 4811: 2324: 2161: 974: 263: 18997:

Brooks, A. S.; Smith, C. C. (1987). "Ishango revisited: new age determinations and cultural interpretations".

17518: 15325: 12384:"Global Distribution and Volume of Cryptomare and Visible Mare on the Moon From Gravity and Dark Halo Craters" 2835:

The main features visible from Earth by the naked eye are dark and relatively featureless lunar plains called

24493: 24389: 21273: 21078: 20623: 20381: 20266: 20105: 19890:

Rotton, James; Kelly, I.W. (1985). "Much ado about the full moon: A meta-analysis of lunar-lunacy research".

18322: 18061: 10863:

Garrick-Bethell, Ian; Weiss, iBenjamin P.; Shuster, David L.; Buz, Jennifer (2009). "Early Lunar Magnetism".

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use of the star and crescent proliferated, Byzantium's symbolism possibly influencing the development of the

5665: 5309: 5022:

on an extraterrestrial surface, and collecting and returning 0.3 kg of rock and soil samples with three

4544:

were due to the attraction of the Moon, and that their height depends on the Moon's position relative to the

3513:

by the Sun and Earth in many small, complex and interacting ways. For example, the plane of the Moon's orbit

3266: 3248:

as a cost-effective plan; the alternative of transporting water from Earth would be prohibitively expensive.

3078:

with two or more concentric rings of peaks. The vast majority of impact craters are circular, but some, like

2074:

is larger relative to Pluto, the Moon is the largest natural satellite of the Solar System relative to their

1247: 24906: 20157: 19860: 16704: 12808:

Gupta, R.P.; Srivastava, N.; Tiwari, R.K. (2014). "Evidences of relatively new volcanic flows on the Moon".

7886:

Bugby, D. C.; Farmer, J. T.; O’Connor, B. F.; Wirzburger, M. J.; C. J. Stouffer, E. D. Abel (January 2010).

4709:

that they were formed by collisions. This view gained support in 1892 from the experimentation of geologist

4687: 3521:

years, which affects other aspects of lunar motion. These follow-on effects are mathematically described by

24993: 24548: 24528: 24423: 21641: 20560: 20246: 18967: 18729: 15934: 14503:"Global influences of the 18.61 year nodal cycle and 8.85 year cycle of lunar perigee on high tidal levels" 12890: 12075: 6714: 6028: 5817: 5768: 5539: 5436: 5351: 5218: 4407: 3418: 3365: 2797: 2742: 2239: 2035:

Size comparison of the main moons of the Solar System with Earth to scale. Nineteen moons are large enough

1659:, one of whose symbols was the Moon and who was often regarded as the goddess of the Moon, was also called 24911: 23549: 20484: 19927:

Martens, R.; Kelly, I.W.; Saklofske, D.H. (1988). "Lunar Phase and Birthrate: A 50-year Critical Review".

18674:"Space Law at the Crossroads: Contextualizing the Artemis Accords and the Space Resources Executive Order" 15361: 13652: 11485: 10620: 9064:

van Putten, Maurice H. P. M. (July 2017). "Scaling in global tidal dissipation of the Earth-Moon system".

8561: 6942: 5914: 3993:. The phase is equal to the area of the visible lunar sphere that is illuminated by the Sun. This area or 2637:. Parts of many craters, particularly the bottoms of many polar craters, are permanently shadowed, these " 2496:

and found to vary with latitude, with a maximum at ~60–70 degrees; it is possibly generated from the

2426:, a product of the bombardment of lunar soil by solar wind ions. Elements that have been detected include 25068: 24594: 24523: 24488: 23527: 23521: 22589: 22511: 21784: 21354: 21347: 21333: 21289: 20509: 19270: 19249: 18175: 17284: 17058:"Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS): Strategy & Astronomer Observation Campaign" 16487:

Consolmagno, Guy J. (1996). "Astronomy, Science Fiction and Popular Culture: 1277 to 2001 (And beyond)".

14050:

Hauri, Erik; Thomas Weinreich; Albert E. Saal; Malcolm C. Rutherford; James A. Van Orman (May 26, 2011).

13707:"Fluxes of Fast and Epithermal Neutrons from Lunar Prospector: Evidence for Water Ice at the Lunar Poles" 12773: 12710: 12515: 11362: 11013: 9764: 8599: 7639: 7269:

More accurately, the Moon's mean synodic period (between mean solar conjunctions) is 29.530589 days

6734: 6117: 6043: 5751: 5514:

program joint missions. Both the Chinese and US lunar programs have the goal to establish in the 2030s a

5097: 4915: 4587:, in which the heroes travel to the Moon and meet its inhabitants. In 510 AD, the Indian astronomer 4225:

onto the Moon by Earth's atmosphere. Because of this red color, lunar eclipses are also sometimes called

3320: 3042: 2746: 2583: 24508: 19688: 17337: 10079: 6042:". It restricts the use of the Moon to peaceful purposes, explicitly banning military installations and 3742:

and viewing angle over a single lunar month as viewed from somewhere on the Earth's northern hemisphere.

1836:

does not explain the depletion of metals in the Moon. None of these hypotheses can account for the high

1739: 1310:. From Earth about 59% of the lunar surface is visible over time due to cyclical shifts in perspective ( 25218: 24983: 24784: 24667: 24650: 24616: 23548: 23490: 23439: 22837: 22770: 22516: 21453: 21101: 20995: 20981: 20929: 20582: 20571: 20418: 20138: 19201: 18820:"Moon, Inc.: The New Zealand Model of Granting Legal Personality to Natural Resources Applied to Space" 17731: 16621: 16446: 16252: 15446:

Alexander, M.E. (1973). "The Weak Friction Approximation and Tidal Evolution in Close Binary Systems".

15149: 14839: 14437: 14340: 13139: 11850: 11060: 10983: 10495: 10469: 10343: 10231:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences

9660: 8594: 7057: 6976: 6039: 5186:) reached the Moon, recording the first detailed survey of chemical elements on the lunar surface. The 4669: 4521: 4264: 4141: 3940: 3684: 2638: 2634: 2336: 2275: 2026: 1216: 21296: 20079: 19674: 16076: 15730: 13407: 11599: 9976: 7218:

With 27% the diameter and 60% the density of Earth, the Moon has 1.23% of the mass of Earth. The moon

6752: 4827:

escaped Earth's gravity and passed near the Moon in 1959. Later that year the first human-made object

4763:

fueled a closely followed development of launch systems by the two states, resulting in the so-called

3885:

The Moon originally rotated at a faster rate, but early in its history its rotation slowed and became

2513:. The ancient lunar atmosphere was eventually stripped away by solar winds and dissipated into space. 1317:

The Moon has been an important source of inspiration and knowledge for humans, having been crucial to

417: 24826: 24801: 24611: 22521: 21264: 14502: 13821:"Character and Spatial Distribution of OH/H2O on the Surface of the Moon Seen by M3 on Chandrayaan-1" 13435:"Reflectance spectra of seven lunar swirls examined by statistical methods: A space weathering study" 12513:

Gillis, J. J.; Spudis, P. D. (1996). "The Composition and Geologic Setting of Lunar Far Side Maria".

11821: 11157: 8781:

Barboni, M.; Boehnke, P.; Keller, C.B.; Kohl, I.E.; Schoene, B.; Young, E.D.; McKeegan, K.D. (2017).

8503: 8469: 8415: 8381: 6024: 5969: 5604: 5535: 5016: 4895: 3922: 3587: 3086:, have more polygonal outlines, possibly guided by underlying faults and joints. Others, such as the 2849:

for "seas", as they were once believed to be filled with water) are vast solidified pools of ancient

2344: 2219: 2184: 1765: 1200: 791: 629: 23545: 19047: 18488: 17762: 17666: 17368:"Intuitive Machines' 'Odysseus' becomes first commercial lander to reach the Moon – Spaceflight Now" 16116:

Science and Civilization in China, Volume III: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and Earth

14177: 12965: 12470: 12382:

Izquierdo, Kristel; Sori, M. M.; Checketts, B.; Hampton, I.; Johnson, B.C.; Soderblom, J.M. (2024).

11087: 5889: 5807: 400: 25117: 24722: 23232: 22323: 22237: 21678: 21538: 19719: 18514:"Further Statement by the Board of Directors of the IISL On Claims to Lunar Property Rights (2009)" 17836:

The Eighth Continent: An Ethnography of Twenty-First Century Euro-American Plans to Settle the Moon

17605: 16080: 15206: 14780:

Le Provost, C.; Bennett, A.F.; Cartwright, D.E. (1995). "Ocean Tides for and from TOPEX/POSEIDON".

14683: 14612: 13705:

Feldman, W. C.; Maurice, S.; Binder, A. B.; Barraclough, B. L.; R.C. Elphic; D.J. Lawrence (1998).

13505: 11285: 10771: 9945: 9413: 7248:

More accurately, the Moon's mean sidereal period (fixed star to fixed star) is 27.321661 days

6983:. This has been accompanied with renewed public and critical reflection on humanity's cultural and 6934: 6807: 6507: 6004: 5673: 5011:

The Soviet Union continued sending robotic missions to the Moon until 1976, deploying in 1970 with

4834: 4714: 4673: 4552:

computed the size and distance of the Moon from Earth, obtaining a value of about twenty times the

3510: 3245: 3110: 2290: 2090: 1730: 1369:. On July 20, 1969, humans for the first time landed on the Moon and any extraterrestrial body, at 1164: 996: 741: 665: 17: 22822: 16710:

NASA History Division, Office of Policy and Plans - Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference

6995:". In this light the Moon's nature has been invoked, particularly for lunar conservation and as a 6814:, the Greek Artemis, which is associated with Selene, or Luna, Selene's ancient Roman equivalent. 5518:

with their international partners, though the US and its partners will first establish an orbital

24806: 24633: 24280: 24184: 24097: 23797: 23647: 23538: 23529: 22001: 21632: 21506: 21246: 20936: 20913: 20333: 19219: 18580:"How many States have signed and ratified the five international treaties governing outer space?" 18351: 18076: 17084: 16564: 16382: 15261: 14373: 13103: 12942: 12194: 9408: 8557: 8508: 8474: 8420: 8386: 6857: 6367:, highlighted and celebrated in a range of calendars and cultures, an example being the Buddhist 5996: 5923: 5684: 5600: 5559: 5504:, person of color and non-US citizen to the Moon in the 2020s, China is continuing its ambitious 5414: 5296: 5158: 5093: 4768: 4399: 3257: 2497: 2316: 2304: 2188: 2097:, etc.). The whole surface area of the Moon is about 38 million square kilometers, comparable to 2036: 2014: 1785: 1392: 1228: 711: 446: 16292: 16256: 11854: 11844: 9120:; Asphaug, E. (2001). "Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of Earth's formation". 7888:

Two-Phase Thermal Switching System for a Small, Extended Duration Lunar Surface Science Platform

3931:

The monthly changes in the angle between the direction of sunlight and view from Earth, and the

3251:

In years since, signatures of water have been found to exist on the lunar surface. In 1994, the

1913:

On November 1, 2023, scientists reported that, according to computer simulations, remnants of a

24811: 24749: 24697: 24687: 24672: 24623: 24483: 24413: 23835: 23523: 21545: 21176: 20950: 20906: 20850: 19892: 17306: 15616:

Schultz, P. H.; Staid, M. I.; Pieters, C. M. (2006). "Lunar activity from recent gas release".

13500: 13226: 12465: 11994:

Workshop on New Views of the Moon: Integrated Remotely Sensed, Geophysical, and Sample Datasets

11280: 10766: 10273: 9833: 7519: 7068: 6969: 6871: 6552: 6388: 5695:

has been discussed as an example for lacking measures and lacking international regulation for

4097: 3952: 3441: 3369: 3302: 3277: 3150: 3083: 2730: 2705: 2365: 2319:

is not uniform. The details of the gravitational field have been measured through tracking the

2271: 1957: 1934: 1212: 24732: 23543: 23535: 23532: 19627: 19571:"It seems possible, though not certain, that after the conquest Mehmed took over the crescent 19534: 19472: 17281:

The Space Treaty Institute – Dedicated to Peace and Sustainability in Outer Space. Our Mission

16050: 13605: 7428: 4597:

that reflected sunlight is the cause of the shining of the Moon. The astronomer and physicist

3440:, is approximately 400,000 km (250,000 miles or 1.28 light-seconds), comparable to going 3194:

regions that wind between the bright swirls. They are located in places with enhanced surface

1179:, the fifth largest and most massive moon overall, and larger and more massive than all known 25296: 25177: 25104: 24978: 24831: 24794: 24682: 24677: 23483: 22290: 22082: 21598: 21568: 21280: 21211: 19929: 19533:

Cohen, Beth (2006). "Outline as a Special Technique in Black- and Red-figure Vase-painting".

19376: 18922:

The time falling bodies take to light : mythology, sexuality, and the origins of culture

18819: 17027: 16975: 16754: 15853: 15114: 13942: 13135: 11263: 11126: 10052: 9551:"Zirconium isotope constraints on the composition of Theia and current Moon-forming theories" 8618: 8516: 8482: 8428: 8394: 6829: 6384: 5338: 5177: 5026: 4941:, set foot on the Moon at 02:56 UTC on July 21, 1969. Considered the culmination of the 4903: 4432:. One of the earliest-discovered possible depictions of the Moon is a 3,000 BCE rock carving 3956: 3265:, suggest these findings may rather be rocks ejected from young impact craters. In 1998, the 2951: 2892: 2814: 2607: 2588: 1803: 1350: 1156: 1140:

of the Moon to always face Earth. The Moon's gravitational pull—and, to a lesser extent, the

1137: 410: 55: 35: 24846: 19072: 19041: 17146: 16024: 15968: 15461: 14852: 13189: 12786: 12321: 11375: 11318:"Recent outgassing from the lunar surface: the Lunar Prospector alpha particle spectrometer" 11261:

Stern, S.A. (1999). "The Lunar atmosphere: History, status, current problems, and context".

10590: 9566: 9404:"Moonwalk (summary of meeting at Meteoritical Society's 72nd Annual Meeting, Nancy, France)" 9372: 9225: 7652: 5771:

surveilling the Moon for future missions, as well as some Landers such as the 2013-launched

3700: 1898:; its depth is estimated from about 500 km (300 miles) to 1,737 km (1,079 miles). 24739: 24692: 24349: 23807: 23772: 23767: 23661: 23612: 23585: 23541: 23520: 23193: 22451: 22403: 22184: 21911: 21897: 21715: 21664: 21218: 20783: 20293: 20199: 20029: 19763: 19294: 18831: 18271: 17978: 17575:"Streaming and texting on the Moon: Nokia and NASA are taking 4G into space | CNN Business" 17449:"China's Chang'e-6 probe arrives at spaceport for first-ever lunar far side sample mission" 17398: 17001: 16825: 16335: 16212: 15882: 15627: 15586: 15457: 15356: 15078: 15021: 14927: 14848: 14791: 14746: 14692: 14621: 14517: 14293: 14222: 14065: 14008: 13978: 13891: 13834: 13776: 13720: 13562: 13492: 13446: 13365: 13308: 13271: 13185: 13054: 12899: 12852: 12782: 12745: 12602: 12557: 12524: 12457: 12443: 12395: 12364: 12221: 12176: 12137: 12084: 12031: 11997: 11948: 11901: 11757: 11642: 11442: 11371: 11331: 11272: 11176: 10957: 10874: 10819: 10758: 10703:

Richard A. Kerr (April 12, 2013). "The Mystery of Our Moon's Gravitational Bumps Solved?".

10661: 10561: 10514: 10430: 10379: 10311: 10238: 9991: 9883: 9803: 9707: 9623: 9562: 9515: 9478: 9441: 9368: 9281: 9221: 9131: 9083: 8981: 8944: 8849: 8794: 8717: 8137: 8084: 7990: 7938: 7891: 7849: 7764: 7750:"Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2009" 7710: 7648: 7560: 7453: 7374: 7116: 6904: 6737:, specifically the combination of the Turkish crescent with a star, and becoming a popular 5696: 5624: 5543: 5523: 5410: 5322: 5163: 4844: 4779: 4537: 4525: 4480: 4411: 4229:. The Moon can also seem red when it appears at low angles and through a thick atmosphere. 4226: 4184:; the Moon at quarter phase is only one-tenth as bright, rather than half as bright, as at 3871: 3863: 3854: 3747: 3579: 3429: 3406: 3056: 3004: 2972: 2896: 1996: 1830: 1799: 1789: 1370: 1010: 302: 23524: 23522: 20422: 19285:

Ilyas, Mohammad (March 1994). "Lunar Crescent Visibility Criterion and Islamic Calendar".

14884: 14113: 13476:"Topography of the Lunar Poles from Radar Interferometry: A Survey of Cold Trap Locations" 10806:

Mighani, S.; Wang, H.; Shuster, D.L.; Borlina, C.S.; Nichols, C.I.O.; Weiss, B.P. (2020).

8211: 6471: 6297:-, "to measure", "indicat a functional conception of the Moon, i.e. marker of the month" ( 6065:, which are challenging the treaty. The U.S. has furthermore emphasized in a presidential 5668:, its degradation as a pristine body and scientific place has been discussed. If there is 5255:, mapping the surface at a higher resolution over an eight-month period, and in 2013 with 3711:, meaning that tidal interaction with Earth would break apart the Moon, turning it into a 3668:, which lifts the Moon into a higher orbit while lowering orbital speed around the Earth. 1698: 167: 8: 25232: 25191: 25080: 24918: 24891: 24841: 24645: 24109: 23802: 23654: 23444: 22993: 22942: 22727: 22594: 22551: 22385: 22328: 22179: 22171: 22129: 21694: 21531: 20875: 19340: 19338: 18140: 17209:"The Space Review: The Artemis Accords: repeating the mistakes of the Age of Exploration" 16971: 16428: 16205:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

14345: 12636: 9328: 9178: 8897: 7100: 6914: 6445: 6275: 6086: 6020: 5957: 5644: 5587:

are used to establish a near-lunar infrastructure to enable increasing human activity in

5262: 4848: 4847:, taking the first photographs of it. The first spacecraft to perform a successful lunar 4428:

were used to observe the phases of the Moon, keeping time using the waxing and waning of

4133: 3971: 3936: 3805: 3801: 3731: 2900: 2858: 2788: 2466:

within the crust and mantle. The absence of such neutral species (atoms or molecules) as

2165: 2075: 2071: 2048: 1961: 1822: 1687: 1446: 379: 24005: 23884: 20203: 20033: 19767: 19298: 18835: 18275: 17982: 17896: 16829: 16339: 16216: 15886: 15631: 15590: 15491: 15082: 15025: 14931: 14795: 14750: 14696: 14625: 14521: 14297: 14226: 14069: 14049: 14012: 13982: 13895: 13838: 13780: 13724: 13566: 13496: 13450: 13369: 13312: 13275: 13058: 12903: 12856: 12749: 12606: 12561: 12528: 12461: 12399: 12368: 12225: 12180: 12141: 12088: 12035: 12001: 11952: 11905: 11761: 11646: 11446: 11335: 11276: 11180: 10961: 10878: 10823: 10762: 10665: 10565: 10518: 10434: 10383: 10315: 10242: 9995: 9887: 9807: 9711: 9627: 9519: 9482: 9453: 9445: 9285: 9135: 9087: 9016: 8993: 8985: 8948: 8853: 8798: 8721: 8648: 8141: 8088: 7994: 7942: 7895: 7853: 7768: 7714: 7564: 7457: 7378: 7252:, and its mean tropical orbital period (from equinox to equinox) is 27.321582 days 5709:

Human remains have been transported to the Moon, including by private companies such as

5640: 5500:, leading an international and commercial crewed opening up of the Moon and sending the 4140:

does occasionally occur and could be responsible for a minor percentage of the reported

1692: 173: 25280: 25268: 25171: 25041: 24988: 24866: 24836: 24744: 24557: 23694: 23525: 23241: 23135: 22463: 21879: 21731: 21499: 21400: 21147: 21085: 21043: 20502: 20350: 20084: 20055: 19974: 19954: 19781: 19172: 19022: 19014: 18855: 18297: 18117: 17951: 17637:"A CubeSat is Flying to the Moon to Make Sure Lunar Gateway's Orbit is Actually Stable" 16849: 16514: 16506: 16489: 16359: 16347: 16245: 16175: 15751:... may cause the moon to have a blue tinge since the red light has been scattered out. 15651: 15473: 15096: 15042: 15009: 14951: 14866: 14815: 14762: 14708: 14378: 14309: 14283: 14238: 14091: 14032: 13914: 13879: 13860: 13800: 13746: 13586: 13389: 13197: 13075: 13044: 13032: 12915: 12870: 12819: 12483: 12245: 12167:

Schultz, P.H. (March 1997). "Forming the south-pole Aitken basin – The extreme games".

12110: 12055: 11974: 11937:"A Lunar Microbial Survival Model for Predicting the Forward Contamination of the Moon" 11917: 11658: 11578: 11466: 11298: 11226: 11192: 11166: 10898: 10840: 10807: 10685: 10530: 10504: 10446: 10335: 10295:

Weber, R.C.; Lin, P.-Y.; Garnero, E.J.; Williams, Q.; Lognonne, P. (January 21, 2011).

10254: 10015: 9901: 9731: 9665: 9641: 9613: 9384: 9358: 9305: 9237: 9233: 9155: 9099: 9073: 8997: 8865: 8815: 8782: 8733: 8153: 8127: 8011: 7978: 7954: 7780: 7726: 7594: 7479: 7390: 7287: 7202: 6992: 6909: 6415: 6349: 6174: 6035: 5931: 5825: 5722: 5153:, it became the first mission that was not a Soviet Union or U.S. mission to the Moon. 5141: 5074: 5066: 4710: 4645:(1610), publishing among other findings the first descriptions of the Moon's topography 4315: 4165: 4079: 3846:

makes about 59% of the Moon's surface visible from Earth over the course of one month.

3665: 3546: 2908: 2781: 2563: 2538: 2383: 2211:

of a global magma ocean shortly after the Moon's formation 4.5 billion years ago.

2082: 1953:, the Moon's orbit around Earth has become significantly larger, with a longer period. 1950: 1802:, lacking the near side's characteristic large dark areas of maria, resembling how the 1781: 1435: 1375: 1220: 1204: 1129: 945: 23978: 23941: 20799: 19335: 17970: 17236: 17234: 15416: 13819:

Runyon, C.; Staid, M.; Sunshine, J.; Taylor, L.A.; Tompkins, S.; Varanasi, P. (2009).

12352: 11765: 11200: 9467:

Tonks, W. Brian; Melosh, H. Jay (1993). "Magma ocean formation due to giant impacts".

8442: 5767:

Longterm missions continuing to be active are some orbiters such as the 2009-launched

5000:

corner-cube retroreflector arrays are passive instruments, they are still being used.

4747:

were developed and by the end of the 1950s they reached capabilities that allowed the

4314:

Eclipses only occur when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are all in a straight line (termed "

3301:

spacecraft has since confirmed the existence of surface water ice, using the on-board

1752:

The lunar geological periods are named after their characteristic features, from most

25031: 24601: 24543: 24334: 24223: 24149: 24090: 23819: 23184: 22926: 22888: 22868: 22758: 22693: 22675: 22579: 22546: 22061: 21821: 21520: 21485: 21478: 20972: 20843: 20513: 20426: 20385: 20375: 20336: 20327: 20297: 20287: 20215: 20142: 20047: 19946: 19909: 19785: 19643: 19540: 19513: 19476: 19466: 19428: 19382: 19223: 19078: 19051: 19026: 18936: 18926: 18859: 18847: 18643:"Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies" 18579: 18549: 18447: 18417: 18301: 18289: 18055: 17955: 17943: 16919: 16841: 16816: 16724: 16714: 16651: 16465: 16386: 16351: 16260: 16220: 16156:; Sachs, A.J. (1991). "Saros Cycle Dates and Related Babylonian Astronomical Texts". 16120: 15974: 15643: 15477: 15392: 15287: 15185: 15173: 15153: 15100: 15047: 14955: 14943: 14807: 14782: 14766: 14712: 14571: 14471: 14313: 14242: 14208: 14083: 14036: 14024: 13999: 13919: 13852: 13825: 13792: 13738: 13711: 13615: 13578: 13553: 13518: 13483: 13381: 13107: 13080: 12919: 12736: 12715: 12641: 12575: 12548: 12300: 12249: 12237: 12114: 12047: 12022: 11966: 11858: 11458: 11358: 10890: 10865: 10845: 10722: 10705: 10677: 10652: 10473: 10450: 10370: 10339: 10327: 10258: 10229:

Runcorn, Stanley Keith (March 31, 1977). "Interpretation of lunar potential fields".

10007: 9735: 9723: 9693: 9645: 9531: 9506: 9297: 9241: 9147: 9103: 8956: 8901: 8869: 8820: 8737: 8624: 8530: 8354: 8328: 8157: 8113: 8016: 7865: 7784: 7730: 7660: 7617: 7586: 7418: 7394: 6938: 6800: 6788: 6726: 6710: 6683: 6560: 6537: 6458: 6376: 6055: 5871: 5648: 5577: 5207: 4884: 4713:, and from comparative studies from 1920 to the 1940s, leading to the development of 4676:

led to the system of naming of lunar features in use today. The more exact 1834–1836

4496: 4362: 4233: 4104: 3843: 3726: 3522: 3475: 3384: 3310: 3262: 3233: 3130: 3091: 3052: 2996: 2931: 2912: 2895:, meandering and sometimes branching as they progress. The largest examples, such as 2571: 2463: 2411: 2323:

of radio signals emitted by orbiting spacecraft. The main lunar gravity features are

2064: 1895: 1829:

the energy of the passing Moon. A co-formation of Earth and the Moon together in the

1818: 1656: 1362: 1275: 1113: 1109: 493: 428: 293: 188: 31: 24061: 23393: 20059: 19958: 16853: 16518: 16363: 15908: 14870: 14819: 14269: 14095: 13590: 13174:"The shape and appearance of craters formed by oblique impact on the Moon and Venus" 12487: 12059: 11978: 11935:

Schuerger, Andrew C.; Moores, John E.; Smith, David J.; Reitz, Günther (June 2019).

11662: 11302: 11196: 11150:"Lunar Outgassing, Transient Phenomena and The Return to The Moon, I: Existing Data" 10902: 10689: 10534: 10207: 9388: 9001: 8463: 7958: 7598: 7483: 5717:. Because the Moon has been sacred or significant to many cultures, the practice of 3149:

cluster between 3.8 and 4.1 billion years old: this has been used to propose a

25244: 25092: 24896: 24886: 24779: 24754: 24164: 24134: 23985: 23859: 23699: 23564: 23121: 23104: 22935: 22806: 22791: 22606: 22473: 22458: 22335: 22315: 22257: 22161: 22156: 21957: 21621: 21423: 21239: 21232: 21192: 21034: 20988: 20963: 20819: 20474: 20441: 20207: 20037: 19938: 19901: 19771: 19635: 19006: 18839: 18642: 18279: 17935: 17794:"#SpaceWatchGL Opinion: An ecofeminist approach to the sustainable use of the Moon" 17231: 16833: 16590: 16533: 16498: 16343: 16167: 15655: 15635: 15618: 15465: 15086: 15071:

Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

15037: 15029: 15014:

Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

14986: 14935: 14856: 14799: 14754: 14700: 14653: 14629: 14525: 14301: 14274: 14230: 14213: 14073: 14016: 13909: 13899: 13842: 13804: 13784: 13767: 13750: 13728: 13679: 13570: 13510: 13454: 13393: 13373: 13356: 13316: 13299: 13279: 13257:"Problems determining relative and absolute ages using the small crater population" 13193: 13070: 13062: 12973: 12907: 12874: 12860: 12790: 12753: 12565: 12475: 12403: 12229: 12100: 12092: 12039: 11956: 11921: 11909: 11892: 11650: 11470: 11450: 11433: 11379: 11339: 11290: 11184: 11056: 10965: 10920: 10882: 10835: 10827: 10784: 10776: 10749: 10718: 10714: 10669: 10569: 10522: 10438: 10395: 10387: 10319: 10246: 10019: 9999: 9905: 9891: 9811: 9715: 9698: 9631: 9580: 9570: 9523: 9486: 9449: 9376: 9309: 9289: 9272: 9229: 9159: 9139: 9122: 9091: 8989: 8952: 8935: 8857: 8810: 8802: 8725: 8497: 8409: 8233: 8145: 8118: 8092: 8006: 7998: 7946: 7929: 7907: 7899: 7857: 7772: 7718: 7656: 7576: 7568: 7469: 7461: 7444: 7382: 7169: 6961: 6893: 6883: 6878: 6764: 6748: 6738: 6672: 6564: 6419: 6392: 6353: 6314: 6188: 6097: 6073:" and calls the Moon Agreement "a failed attempt at constraining free enterprise." 5938: 5909: 5849: 5760: 5738: 5596: 5592: 5477: 5354:

for returning to the Moon beginning in 2004, and with the signing of the U.S.-led

5276: 5234:

completed its mission by making a planned and widely observed impact in the crater

5168: 5089: 4946: 4907: 4787: 4668:

Telescopic mapping of the Moon followed: later in the 17th century, the efforts of

4656: 4641: 4632: 4492: 4239:

Because the words "red moon" and "blue moon" can also be used to refer to specific

4181: 4169: 3967: 3900: 3828: 3657: 3514: 3506: 3501:

Unlike most satellites of other planets, the Moon's orbital plane is closer to the

3350:

on the sunlit surface of the Moon by several independent spacecraft, including the

3240:

or possibly produced by the reaction of oxygen-rich lunar rocks, and hydrogen from

3215: 3139: 3103: 3095: 3087: 3075: 2943: 2916: 2758: 2722: 2662: 2647: 2630: 2611: 2435: 2387: 2200: 2040: 1858: 1837: 1630:

was originally a rare synonym but now nearly always refers to the chemical element

1583: 1535: 1498: 1469: 1414: 1303: 1295: 1160: 989: 652: 371: 181: 59: 21340: 18524: 15521: 13864: 13733: 13706: 13514: 12570: 12543: 12043: 11689: 11548:"We Finally Know How Much Radiation There Is on The Moon, And It's Not Great News" 6583:(🌙) has been a recurring symbol in a range of cultures since at least 3,000 BCE ( 5632: 4933:

The first time a person landed on the Moon and any extraterrestrial body was when

3447:

The Moon makes a complete orbit around Earth with respect to the fixed stars, its

1933:

Artist's depiction of the Moon as it might have appeared in Earth's sky after the

1527:

is another poetic name, though rare, for the Moon personified as a goddess, while

24963: 24861: 24769: 24660: 24638: 24435: 24379: 24369: 24159: 24139: 24114: 24102: 24056: 24044: 23948: 23931: 23891: 23869: 23864: 23449: 23403: 23353: 23283: 23263: 23086: 22878: 22873: 22858: 22801: 22796: 22601: 22584: 22541: 22531: 22423: 21964: 21701: 21554: 21317: 20765: 20751: 20412: 20020: 19422: 19177: 19140: 19111: 18792: 18550:"Do the five international treaties regulate military activities in outer space?" 17394: 17338:"Japan's SLIM moon lander defies death to survive 3rd frigid lunar night (image)" 16837: 16424:

The Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata: An Ancient Indian Work on Mathematics and Astronomy

16153: 16114: 15768: 14861: 14834: 14803: 14561: 14056: 13611: 13574: 13459: 13434: 13320: 13283: 13066: 12810: 12290: 11316:

Lawson, S.; Feldman, W.; Lawrence, D.; Moore, K.; Elphic, R.; Belian, R. (2005).

10924: 10673: 10056: 9815: 9527: 9095: 8890: 8604: 8535: 8447: 8149: 8073:

Sylvestre (2006). "Understanding the lunar surface and space-Moon interactions".

7977:

Zhang S, Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Yu J, Wang C, Fu Q, Zou Y, et al. (2020).

7688: 7115: – they are not moons as they do not orbit Earth. For more information, see 7112: 7044: 6980: 6900: 6833: 6768: 6722: 6633: 6551:. It has been characterized and associated in many different ways, from having a 6482: 6439: 6310: 6200: 6137: 6133: 6066: 6062: 6051: 5863:

mission recorded various astronomical photos and spectra in ultraviolet with the

5848:

and employed in the construction of mirrors up to 50 meters in diameter. A lunar

5841: 5829: 5795: 5493: 5359: 5355: 5105: 5101: 4945:, an estimated 500 million people worldwide watched the transmission by the 4891: 4706: 4650: 4336: 4189: 3554: 3487: 3448: 3433: 3328: 3199: 3146: 3135: 3113:

is based on the most prominent impact events, such as multi-ring formations like

3099: 3079: 2734: 2674: 2284: 2196: 2120: 1992: 1813:

of lunar samples suggests the Moon formed around 50 million years after the

1396: 1330: 1184: 929: 807: 683: 643: 19216:

The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World

18612: 17208: 16949: 15670: 15594: 12594: 12544:"Global Elemental Maps of the Moon: The Lunar Prospector Gamma-Ray Spectrometer" 10548:

Evans, Alexander J.; Tikoo, Sonia M.; Jeffrey C., Andrews-Hanna (January 2018).

8375: 8037: 6772: 6340: 6183: 5976: 2370: 2234:; after about three-quarters of the magma ocean had crystallized, lower-density 1667:. These names – Luna, Cynthia and Selene – are reflected in technical terms for 551: 25306: 24947: 24727: 24717: 24655: 24518: 24445: 24406: 24327: 24300: 24154: 24024: 23995: 23973: 23963: 23953: 23906: 23434: 23373: 23363: 23333: 23323: 23308: 23198: 23168: 23143: 23007: 22853: 22716: 22634: 22624: 22488: 22483: 22242: 22232: 22122: 21724: 21648: 21513: 21430: 21407: 20652: 20551:

Albums of images and high-resolution overflight videos by Seán Doran, based on

20162: 19905: 19776: 19751: 18010:"Navajo Nation President Asks for Delay of Moon Mission Carrying Human Remains" 16785: 16708: 14234: 12673: 11079: 9975:

Garrick-Bethell, Ian; Perera, Viranga; Nimmo, Francis; Zuber, Maria T. (2014).

9719: 9636: 9601: 9585: 9575: 9550: 9380: 7840: 6664: 6652: 6596: 6592: 6584: 6515: 6431: 6396: 6357: 6192: 6170: 6121: 6100:

movement and the concept of legal personality for non-human entities in space.

6000: 5964:

mission). One challenge to astronauts during their stay on the surface is that

5881: 5588: 5580:

and providing relayed communication for robotic missions on the lunar surface.

5565: 5501: 5473: 5461: 5402:

lander became the first commercially built lander to land on the Moon in 2024.

5113: 5070: 4934: 4911: 4899: 4883:(1968) the first time a crewed spacecraft left Earth orbit and reached another 4866: 4815: 4662: 4598: 4517: 4457: 4443: 4421: 4289: 4210: 4198: 3979: 3820: 3770: 3661: 3602: 3528: 3502: 3486:

ratio makes the Moon's orbital periods around Earth equal to its corresponding

3456: 3437: 3396: 3210:. They are hypothesized to be areas that have been partially shielded from the 3195: 3158: 3122: 3067: 3047: 2935: 2846: 2770: 2615: 2505: 2395: 2320: 2204: 1918: 1853: 1833: 1810: 1769: 1439: 1326: 1255: 1232: 1117: 340: 315: 161: 93: 23175: 20576: 20565: 20042: 20015: 19942: 16867: 14939: 14305: 13683: 13551:

Ward, William R. (August 1, 1975). "Past Orientation of the Lunar Spin Axis".

12794: 12233: 11654: 11383: 10526: 10400: 8729: 7776: 5591:

as well as on the Moon's surface. Missions at the far side of the Moon or the

3962:

Since the Moon's axial tilt with respect to the ecliptic is 1.5427°, in every

25301: 25290: 25046: 25026: 24606: 24339: 24322: 24143: 24066: 24029: 24000: 23990: 23958: 23936: 23916: 23879: 23852: 23847: 23842: 23408: 23398: 23388: 23348: 23328: 23318: 23303: 23298: 23204: 23115: 23072: 23049: 22970: 22906: 22901: 22786: 22644: 22574: 22526: 22493: 22365: 22355: 22345: 22305: 22300: 22102: 22068: 21950: 21844: 21777: 21386: 21326: 21163: 21140: 21108: 21094: 21071: 20323: 20185: 19830: 19647: 19265: 19197: 18851: 18293: 18284: 18259: 18077:"China's Chang'e 3 lunar lander still going strong after 7 years on the moon" 17947: 17763:"Cold as (lunar) ice: Protecting the moon's polar regions from contamination" 17546: 17173: 17061: 16200: 15420: 15241: 14947: 13474:

Margot, J. L.; Campbell, D. B.; Jurgens, R. F.; Slade, M. A. (June 4, 1999).

12241: 12129: 8590: 8324: 7590: 7219: 7206: 7198: 7104: 7003: 6588: 6372: 6256: 6178: 5893: 5791: 5726: 5714: 5608: 5519: 5481: 5387: 5330: 5202: 5109: 4795: 4752: 4744: 4488: 4417: 4332: 4327: 4319: 4305: 4285: 4268: 4260: 4256: 4218: 4193: 3990: 3982:

of the Sun. But these "seasons" have little effect in more equatorial areas.

3975: 3963: 3948: 3947:

Half of the Moon's surface is always illuminated by the Sun (except during a

3886: 3836: 3778: 3739: 3695: 3627:

the frictional coupling of water to Earth's rotation through the ocean floors

3471: 3373: 3297: 3287: 3118: 3102:

impacts, fragmentation of impactors before surface strike, or closely spaced

3063: 3030: 2985: 2884: 2865: 2854: 2828: 2701: 2541: 2492: 2266: 2231: 2227: 2170: 2102: 2098: 2067: 1753: 1664: 1648:, the study of the physical features of the Moon) come from this Greek word. 1380: 1307: 1279: 1251: 1239: 1125: 1020: 909: 731: 363: 19639: 19628:"Gold and silver: perfection of metals in medieval and early modern alchemy" 18843: 18385:"Chinese lunar lander's cotton seeds spring to life on far side of the moon" 18251: 17939: 14915: 14567: 14078: 14051: 14020: 13904: 13847: 13820: 13607:

Lunar Outpost: The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon

13230: 12105: 11630: 11600:"Radiation on Mars 'Manageable' for Manned Mission, Curiosity Rover Reveals" 10886: 10323: 7912: 7581: 6027:, no nation claims ownership of any part of the Moon's surface. Likewise no 4357:

As the Moon's orbit around Earth is inclined by about 5.145° (5° 9') to the

3401: 2013:

distance to the Earth, and that it is now too cold for its shape to restore

1885:

have, according to meteorites from them, very different oxygen and tungsten

1120:

of 384,400 km (238,900 mi), about 30 times the diameter of Earth.

141: 133: 25256: 25124: 25110: 24901: 24856: 24513: 24396: 24290: 24230: 24213: 24039: 24017: 23968: 23926: 23911: 23896: 23762: 23721: 23686: 23506: 23459: 23454: 23368: 23343: 23338: 23278: 23212: 23149: 23014: 22962: 22920: 22848: 22762: 22698: 22649: 22639: 22629: 22569: 22350: 22204: 22194: 21936: 21752: 21671: 21492: 21370: 21185: 21025: 20899: 20262: 20051: 19244: 18940: 18260:"Earth observations from the Moon's surface: dependence on lunar libration" 17815: 16845: 15826: 15791: 15647: 15181: 15091: 15067:"Addendum 2020 to 'Measurement of the Earth's rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015'" 15066: 15065:

Morrison, L. V.; Stephenson, F. R.; Hohenkerk, C. Y.; Zawilski, M. (2021).

15051: 15033: 14811: 14758: 14087: 14028: 13923: 13856: 13796: 13582: 13522: 13385: 13084: 12051: 11970: 11462: 11036: 10894: 10849: 10831: 10780: 10726: 10681: 10331: 10250: 10011: 9727: 9535: 9301: 9151: 8824: 8806: 8620:

When the Bad Bleeds: Mantic Elements in English Renaissance Revenge Tragedy

8020: 8002: 7950: 7869: 7465: 7227: 7062: 7019: 6743: 6695: 6676: 6660: 6576: 6380: 6348:

This lunar timekeeping gave rise to the historically dominant, but varied,

6224: 6212: 6149: 6016: 6011: 5946: 5853: 5772: 5755: 5718: 5702: 5677: 5620: 5485: 5406: 5383: 5379: 5368: 5343: 5317: 5271: 5257: 5251: 5200:

reached, orbited and impacted the Moon in 2008 for the first time with its

5192: 5082: 5065:

of 1976. Astronautics had shifted its focus towards the exploration of the

4973: 4799: 4791: 4748: 4740: 4734: 4718: 4697: 4683: 4610: 4583: 4553: 4429: 4340: 3676: 3568: 3388: 3336: 3207: 3203: 3190:), and often have a sinuous shape. Their shape is often accentuated by low 3180: 3170: 3126: 2992: 2981: 2766: 2762: 2754: 2714: 2697: 2575: 2459: 2340: 2192: 2056: 2031: 1969: 1965: 1946: 1868: 1844: 1644: 1358: 1342: 1224: 1180: 1176: 1168: 1121: 282: 30:

This article is about Earth's natural satellite. For moons in general, see

21310: 20211: 19950: 19913: 19424:

Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary

16355: 13742: 12978: 12579: 11961: 11936: 11795: 10442: 10162: 8096: 7386: 6608: 5453: 5149:, the first dedicated lunar mission since 1976, reached the Moon. Sent by 4103:

Brightness and apparent size of the Moon changes also due to its elliptic

2864:

As the maria formed, cooling and contraction of the basaltic lava created

107: 25165: 25159: 24942: 24930: 24925: 24876: 24851: 24821: 24816: 24764: 24759: 24584: 24498: 24457: 24418: 24295: 24126: 24049: 24012: 23901: 23313: 23162: 23094: 23044: 23039: 22956: 22446: 22252: 22189: 22045: 22029: 21971: 21943: 21929: 21904: 21795: 21745: 21416: 21154: 21133: 20920: 20619: 20612: 20130: 19993: 16324:(1987). "The Heliocentric System in Greek, Persian and Hindu Astronomy". 16240: 16196: 14610:

Touma, Jihad; Wisdom, Jack (1994). "Evolution of the Earth-Moon system".

14530: 13880:"Direct evidence of surface exposed water ice in the lunar polar regions" 12911: 12865: 12838: 12479: 12408: 12383: 12019: 11715: 11397: 11344: 11317: 11294: 10591:"How Neil Armstrong's Moon Spacesuit Was Preserved for Centuries to Come" 10574: 10549: 9896: 9869: 9117: 8838:

Binder, A. B. (1974). "On the origin of the Moon by rotational fission".

8171: 7861: 7681: 6988: 6965: 6780: 6776: 6718: 6629: 6556: 6533: 6511: 6462: 6423: 6220: 6216: 6204: 6125: 6047: 5919: 5812: 5746: 5730: 5569: 5568:, a series of crewed exploration missions carried out from 1969 to 1972. 5364: 5266: 5211: 5120: 5056: 5005: 4969: 4615: 4593: 4560: 4484: 4425: 4369: 4116: 3986: 3932: 3914: 3894: 3794: 3782: 3755: 3751: 3712: 3708: 3688: 3680: 3613: 3598: 3593:

The cumulative effects of stress built up by these tidal forces produces

3542: 3460: 3452: 3392: 3227: 3098:, are elongated. Such elongation can result from highly oblique impacts, 3019: 2947: 2777: 2738: 2658: 2556: 2243: 2235: 1980: 1914: 1907: 1862: 1668: 1426: 1334: 1322: 1318: 1299: 1283: 1208: 858: 832: 727: 19018: 18920: 18258:

Gorkavyi, Nick; Krotkov, Nickolay; Marshak, Alexander (March 24, 2023).

15994: 15639: 13788: 13377: 12823: 11454: 10739: 10003: 9293: 8780: 7147:

relative to the direct solar illumination that occurs for a full moon. (

4767:

and its later phase the Moon Race, accelerating efforts and interest in

2525:'s Lunar Dust EXperiment (LDEX) found particle counts peaked during the 149: 25184: 25131: 24871: 24450: 24034: 23429: 23129: 23099: 23080: 23022: 22987: 22536: 22503: 22478: 22360: 22280: 22199: 21858: 21437: 21363: 21303: 21257: 21199: 21018: 20687: 20604:

Moon Trek – An integrated map browser of datasets and maps for the Moon

19997: 19988:, edited by Kendrick Frazier, Prometheus Books. Revised and updated in 19010: 18730:"'One Small Step' Act Encourages Protection of Human Heritage in Space" 17606:"DARPA moon tech study selects 14 companies to develop a lunar economy" 16510: 16179: 15875:

Guthrie, D.V. (1947). "The Square Degree as a Unit of Celestial Area".

15699: 15469: 15412: 15292:"Is the Moon seen as a crescent (and not a "boat") all over the world?" 14779: 14704: 8970:

Stevenson, D.J. (1987). "Origin of the moon–The collision hypothesis".

8861: 7722: 7142: 7108: 6449: 6110: 5965: 5927: 5833: 5832:

on the far side would be shielded from the radio chatter of Earth. The

5692: 5653: 5515: 5291: 5078: 5019: 5008:

in 1973 was the last dedicated U.S. probe to the Moon until the 1990s.

4942: 4764: 4756: 4730: 4529: 4461: 4374: 4278: 4206: 4156:

The changing apparent color of the Moon, filtered by Earth's atmosphere

4137: 3766: 3762: 3594: 3422: 3241: 3211: 2962: 2939: 2924: 2888: 2837: 2824: 2670: 2621:

The surface is exposed to drastic temperature differences ranging from

2595: 2567: 2530: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2403: 2176: 1984: 1794: 1761: 1757: 1267: 1259: 1243: 1024: 775: 516: 20718: 19305: 12444:"Lunar Gruithuisen and Mairan domes: Rheology and mode of emplacement" 12096: 11631:"The Moon's physical librations and determination of their free modes" 11315: 10969: 10650:

Muller, P.; Sjogren, W. (1968). "Mascons: lunar mass concentrations".

10509: 9977:"The tidal-rotational shape of the Moon and evidence for polar wander" 9868:

Hiesinger, H.; Head, J. W.; Wolf, U.; Jaumann, R.; Neukum, G. (2003).

9490: 8678: 7903: 7701:

Makemson, Maud W. (1971). "Determination of selenographic positions".

7572: 7474: 6602: 6320: 6124:

regulatory regime for lunar human activity has been called for by the

4217:

At times, the Moon can appear red or blue. It may appear red during a

2787:

Scientists have confirmed the presence of a cave on the Moon near the

2055:. It is smaller than Mercury and considerably larger than the largest 127: 25145: 25138: 24567: 24533: 24364: 24285: 24208: 24203: 24174: 23921: 23874: 23743: 23726: 23358: 23288: 23001: 22975: 22912: 22468: 22413: 22398: 22370: 22340: 22267: 22209: 21865: 21851: 21837: 21814: 21763: 21393: 21117: 21057: 21011: 20943: 20648: 18356: 18081: 17453: 17119: 17088: 16540:. Washington, DC: Scientific and Technical Information Office, NASA. 16441:

A.I. Sabra (2008). "Ibn Al-Haytham, Abū ʿAlī Al-Ḥasan Ibn Al-Ḥasan".

15795: 15388: 14832: 14500: 14052:"High Pre-Eruptive Water Contents Preserved in Lunar Melt Inclusions" 13031:

Quillen, Alice C.; Martini, Larkin; Nakajima, Miki (September 2019).

12757: 11913: 11583: 10740:

Konopliv, A.; Asmar, S.; Carranza, E.; Sjogren, W.; Yuan, D. (2001).

9694:"Moon-forming impactor as a source of Earth's basal mantle anomalies" 9430:

Warren, P. H. (1985). "The magma ocean concept and lunar evolution".

9143: 7300: 7173: 7040: 6957: 6548: 6364: 6196: 5992: 5961: 5942: 5876: 5860: 5837: 5776: 5688: 5510: 5469: 5465: 5457: 5409:

on May 3, 2024, which conducted another lunar sample return from the

5289:'Jade Rabbit'). This was the first lunar rover mission since 5243: 5131: 5001: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4961: 4957: 4938: 4871: 4807: 4588: 4570: 4513: 4351: 4344: 4244: 4243:

of the year, they do not always refer to the presence of red or blue

4240: 4222: 4185: 4120: 3918: 3875: 3867: 3790: 3774: 3735: 3605: 3583: 3495: 3491: 3464: 3332: 3175: 3114: 3071: 3022: 3000: 2942:

are found within the near side maria. There are also some regions of

2792: 2718: 2678: 2517: 2483: 2439: 2431: 2391: 2353: 2255: 2247: 2124: 2009: 1976: 1826: 1388: 1384: 1311: 1291: 1196: 1133: 1075: 962: 932: 912: 24169: 23383: 23218: 17834: 16502: 16171: 15694: 15692: 14398: 13433:

Chrbolková, Kateřina; Kohout, Tomáš; Ďurech, Josef (November 2019).

12169:

Conference Paper, 28th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference

11570: 10391: 10107:"Five Things to Know about the Moon – NASA Solar System Exploration" 6682:

The particular arrangement of the crescent with a star known as the

5050: 4661:, and deduced that it was not smooth but had mountains and craters. 4100:(i.e., the angle between Moon, the observer on Earth, and the Sun). 2254:

The Moon is the second-densest satellite in the Solar System, after

25198: 25036: 24503: 24359: 24344: 24085: 23792: 23640: 21872: 21830: 21807: 21685: 21050: 20479: 20016:"Human Responses to the Geophysical Daily, Annual and Lunar Cycles" 19113:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology: Oarses-Zygia

17510: 15064: 14633: 14288: 13049: 12351:

Friedman, R.C.; Blewett, D. T.; Taylor, G.J.; Lucey, P. G. (1996).

12264:"Cave on the Moon: What this discovery means for space exploration" 11188: 10742:"Recent gravity models as a result of the Lunar Prospector mission" 10550:"The Case Against an Early Lunar Dynamo Powered by Core Convection" 9618: 9078: 8840: 8176: 8132: 7226:, but Earth and the Moon are different since Pluto is considered a 7138: 6845: 6730: 6649: 6580: 6526: 6478: 6435: 5885: 5734: 5710: 5636: 5418: 4919: 4880: 4760: 4702: 4606: 4602: 4499: 4358: 4323: 4152: 3951:). Earth also reflects light onto the Moon, observable at times as 3890: 3879: 3809: 3652:

Delays in the tidal peaks of both ocean and solid-body tides cause

3479: 3306: 3187: 2666: 2599: 2487: 2479: 2471: 2443: 2109: 2106: 1843:

The prevailing theory is that the Earth–Moon system formed after a

1631: 1080: 785: 385: 18613:"The Space Review: Is outer space a de jure common-pool resource?" 18316:"Mission Report: Apollo 17 – The Most Productive Lunar Expedition" 18172:"NASA Scientists Pioneer Method for Making Giant Lunar Telescopes" 14178:"Water Ice Confirmed on the Surface of the Moon for the 1st Time!" 11171: 9363: 7201:

yields the pressures given in the infobox (rounded to the nearest

5975:

In 2019, at least one plant seed sprouted in an experiment on the

4653:

used an early telescope to make drawings of the Moon for his book

3563:

Simplified diagram of the Moon's gravity tidal effect on the Earth

3490:. This is the reason for only one side of the Moon, its so-called 2677:

glass, has a texture resembling snow and a scent resembling spent

1339:

the first human-made objects to leave Earth and reach another body

24440: 24428: 24354: 23753: 23731: 23606: 23591: 23066: 22816: 22561: 22438: 22408: 22224: 22214: 21064: 20184:

Jolliff, B. (2006). Wieczorek, M.; Shearer, C.; Neal, C. (eds.).

17402: 15689: 15237:"Moonlight helps plankton escape predators during Arctic winters" 12692:"NASA Mission Finds Widespread Evidence of Young Lunar Volcanism" 11510: 9938: 8234:"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Planetary Nomenclature FAQ" 7193:

by night. Along with equatorial surface temperatures of 390

7088: 7031: 6996: 6818: 6811: 6796: 6699: 6687: 6637: 6611:, meaning Moon and spelled like the ancient Egyptian lunar deity 5422: 5301: 5182: 5135:

Map of all soft landing sites on the near side of the Moon (2024)

5062: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5012: 4950: 4859: 4636: 4574: 4504: 4108: 3927: 3813: 3631: 3559: 3145:

The radiometric ages of impact-melted rocks collected during the

3062:

A major geologic process that has affected the Moon's surface is

2966: 2920: 2579: 2552: 2534: 2526: 2375: 2297: 2223: 2130: 1988: 1942: 1886: 1882: 1660: 1652: 1357:. In 1966, the Moon became the first extraterrestrial body where 1192: 920: 621: 542: 469: 20832:

See when the next new crescent moon is visible for any location.

20242: 18110:"Mission Design for Setting up an Optical Telescope on the Moon" 17667:"Queqiao: The bridge between Earth and the far side of the moon" 17115:"China's Chang'e-5 brought 1,731 grams of samples from the moon" 16728: 13352: 12541: 11006: 9759: 9757: 6956:

The perception of the Moon in modern times has been informed by

6817:

Color and material wise the Moon has been associated in Western

5522:

station in the 2020s, from which Artemis missions will land the

4665:

had made, but not published such drawings a few months earlier.

3703:, most likely engulfing the Earth-Moon system long before then. 1979:

until 1.2 billion years ago, which laid down the prominent

1429: 24881: 24078: 24073: 23787: 23782: 23748: 23736: 23681: 23633: 23626: 23601: 23596: 23475: 22863: 22828: 22428: 22295: 22275: 20737: 20462: 20001: 16151: 13704: 9974: 9504:

Daniel Clery (October 11, 2013). "Impact Theory Gets Whacked".

7979:"First measurements of the radiation dose on the lunar surface" 7976: 7746: 7194: 6946: 6917:), inspired by a history of literature about going to the Moon. 6822: 6792: 6691: 6668: 6641: 6618: 6607:, the word for Moon, and in ancient Egyptian it was the symbol 6427: 6403: 6050:

was created to elaborate, and restrict the exploitation of the

6046:. A majority of countries are parties of this treaty. The 1979 5979:. It was carried from Earth along with other small life in its 5235: 5226: 5166:

images of the lunar surface. In 1998, this was followed by the

5085: 4927: 4923: 4853: 4839: 4829: 4823: 4783: 4578: 4439: 4161: 4112: 4111:(closest), since the Moon is up to 14% closer to Earth than at 3831:

is about 0.52°, roughly the same apparent size as the Sun (see

3786: 3653: 3410: 3315: 3237: 3191: 2977: 2850: 2603: 2475: 2467: 2427: 2407: 2379: 2348: 2094: 2086: 1529: 1354: 1346: 1271: 1070: 1055: 878: 843: 573: 99: 50: 20603: 20198:(1). Chantilly, Virginia: Mineralogy Society of America: 721. 18042:. August 8, 2011. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014 17276: 17242:"Australia Between the Moon Agreement and the Artemis Accords" 16538:

NASA History Series. Lunar Impact: A History of Project Ranger

14407:"It's International Moon Day! Let's talk about Cislunar Space" 13995: 10862: 9599: 7890:. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1208. pp. 76–83. 6246:, and its cognates in other Indo-European languages (e.g. the 4774: 4717:, which by the 1950s was becoming a new and growing branch of 2374:

The thin lunar atmosphere is visible on the Moon's surface at

1735: 1595: 1556: 1550: 24198: 23777: 23709: 23704: 23619: 23574: 23569: 23378: 22616: 22393: 22375: 22145: 21738: 21561: 21379: 21002: 19190: 15008:

Stephenson, F. R.; Morrison, L. V.; Hohenkerk, C. Y. (2016).

12381: 10492: 10417: 9754: 8583: 7885: 7361: 7223: 6841: 6645: 6622: 6587:) or possibly earlier with bull horns dating to the earliest 6368: 6333:, which furthermore can be found in the symbols for the word 6269: 6259: 6247: 6228: 6144:. For broader international cooperation and coordination the 5845: 5790:

to establish a longterm human presence on the Moon, with the

5547: 5391: 5375: 5150: 4843:

reached as the first human-made object the normally occluded

3824: 3483: 3347: 3282: 2958: 2880: 2870: 2819: 2685:, a layer of highly fractured bedrock many kilometers thick. 2651: 2455: 2451: 2215: 2060: 1478: 1263: 1191:, and the second highest among all Solar System moons, after 1105: 1085: 1060: 433: 230: 198: 191: 20546: 19986:

The Hundredth Monkey – and other paradigms of the paranormal

19381:. Routledge Dictionaries. Taylor & Francis. p. 77. 18001: 17418:"China's Chang'e-6 is carrying a surprise rover to the moon" 14145:"Beyond the Shadow of a Doubt, Water Ice Exists on the Moon" 13997:

22, 2010). "Detection of Water in the LCROSS Ejecta Plume".

13967: 13817: 12733: 9924:

Papike, J.; Ryder, G.; Shearer, C. (1998). "Lunar Samples".

8707: 7290:

is −26.7, while the full moon's apparent magnitude is −12.7.

6968:

enabled actual human activity at the Moon, particularly the

5788:

several missions by different agencies and companies planned

4380: 4377:

of the lunar orbit, each year different stars are occulted.

3835:). In addition, a purely psychological effect, known as the 1513: 23714: 23579: 22285: 21770: 21126: 20504:

To a Rocky Moon: A Geologist's History of Lunar Exploration

19792: 18890:"Hear Ye! Hear Ye! A Declaration of the Rights of the Moon" 16074: 15007: 11791: 11690:"Temperature on the Moon – Surface Temperature of the Moon" 11576: 11042: 9324:"Flying Oceans of Magma Help Demystify the Moon's Creation" 6599:

such as Chinese the crescent has developed into the symbol

6232: 5874:, particularly culturally as in the 1968 photograph called 5428: 5399: 5156:

In 1994, the U.S. dedicated a mission to fly a spacecraft (

4541: 4509:

gave instructions for predicting solar and lunar eclipses.

4387: 4326:, when the Moon is between the Sun and Earth. In contrast, 3769:

the Moon is 24 hours above the horizon for two weeks every

3572: 3550: 2510: 2447: 2434:, produced by sputtering (also found in the atmospheres of 2309: 1848: 1604: 1601: 1589: 1541: 1519: 1516: 1484: 1188: 1145: 1065: 594: 25251: 22757: 20671: 19681: 18818:

Tepper, Eytan; Whitehead, Christopher (December 1, 2018).

18032: 17919: 17085:"China Outlines New Rockets, Space Station and Moon Plans" 13473: 12350: 10976: 10367: 10206:. World Book Online Reference Center, NASA. Archived from 8641: 7145:

onto such a new moon. The brightness of the earthshine is

4180:. This is due partly to the brightness enhancement of the 3839:, makes the Moon appear larger when close to the horizon. 1929: 23559: 19074:

The Seven Day Circle: The History and Meaning of the Week

18607: 18605: 18352:"Moon Dust Could Be a Problem for Future Lunar Explorers" 18008:

Magazine, Smithsonian; Sullivan, Will (January 5, 2024).

17307:"Japan makes contact with 'Moon Sniper' on lunar surface" 17203: 17201: 17199: 16812: 15548:"'Super moon' to reach closest point for almost 20 years" 14916:"Secular tidal changes in lunar orbit and Earth rotation" 14680: 14404: 12211: 11934: 11486:"Risk of Adverse Health Effects from Lunar Dust Exposure" 11430: 10805: 9602:"Immediate Origin of the Moon as a Post-impact Satellite" 9269: 9174:"Earth-Asteroid Collision Formed Moon Later Than Thought" 6656: 6613: 6298: 5607:

or the planned first extraterrestrial space station, the

5599:

regions need spacecraft with special orbits, such as the

5347:), bringing back 1,731 grams of lunar material to Earth. 5305:

in 1976, making China the third country to achieve this.

4724: 4545: 4177: 3409:

as the Moon passes on its orbit in between the observing

3179:

Wide angle image of a lunar swirl, the 70 kilometer long

2214:

Crystallization of this magma ocean would have created a

1507: 1395:

has continued robotically, and crewed missions are being

1141: 328: 22114: 19990:

The Outer Edge: Classic Investigations of the Paranormal

19800:"Polycentricity for Governance of the Moon as a Commons" 19711: 19536:

The Colors of Clay: Special Techniques in Athenian Vases

19512:. Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing. p. 23. 18918: 15010:"Measurement of the Earth's rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015" 13763: 11991: 11227:"NASA's LADEE Spacecraft Finds Neon in Lunar Atmosphere" 9867: 8071: 7548: 7363:"The constitution and structure of the lunar interior". 6806:

Occasionally some lunar deities have been also depicted

6023:

were symbolically planted at their landing sites by the

5328:

Also in 2019, India successfully sent its second probe,

2857:, though the Moon's largest expanse of basalt flooding, 1460:) which may be related to the verb 'measure' (of time). 1231:

between Earth and a hypothesized Mars-sized body called

20835: 19378:

The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses

18968:"Ancient humans used the moon as a calendar in the sky" 18418:"Can any State claim a part of outer space as its own?" 17897:"Space: The Final Frontier of Environmental Disasters?" 15935:"Ancient humans used the moon as a calendar in the sky" 13939:"LCROSS Lunar Impactor Mission: "Yes, We Found Water!"" 13610:. Springer-Praxis Books in Space Exploration. Germany: 12966:"Early Earth may have had two moons : Nature News" 12836: 12072: 10294: 9834:"NASA: The Moon Once Had an Atmosphere That Faded Away" 8112: 5534:

connectivity demonstration is to be launched aboard an

5531: 4565: 4221:, because of the red spectrum of the Sun's light being 3305:. The spectrometer observed absorption lines common to 2725:

next to the large Moon boulder nicknamed "Tracy's Rock"

18602: 18257: 17196: 14833:

Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G. (2002).

14209:"Molecular water detected on the sunlit Moon by SOFIA" 13432: 13296: 13171: 13030: 11014:"NASA Mission To Study Mysterious Lunar Twilight Rays" 6207:

per year (although these two phenomena are unrelated).

6132:, but remains contentious. Current lunar programs are 5836:, although it poses a problem for any moving parts of 5794:

as the currently most advanced project as part of the

3823:

varies from around 356,400 km (221,500 mi) (

2669:, formed by impact processes. The finer regolith, the 2606:

than on Earth and it allows for the existence of some

2490:, is not understood. Water vapor has been detected by 25216: 20800:"Find moonrise, moonset and moonphase for a location" 20007: 19926: 19752:"Moon on the mind: two millennia of lunar literature" 19619: 19539:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications. pp. 178–179. 19109: 18795:. Australian Earth Laws Alliance. February 11, 2021. 13408:"Earth's Moon Hit by Surprising Number of Meteoroids" 12807: 11889: 11121:. In Richard D. Johnson & Charles Holbrow (ed.). 11119:"Chapter 5, Appendix J: Impact Upon Lunar Atmosphere" 10274:"NASA Research Team Reveals Moon Has Earth-Like Core" 7636: 6975:

Contemporarily the Moon has been seen as a place for

6729:

on a crescent and adorned with stars. Since then the

6029:

private ownership of parts of the Moon, or as a whole

5196:(2007–2009), obtaining a full image map of the Moon. 5190:

reached the Moon for the first time with the orbiter

5126: 5061:

A near lunar quietude of fourteen years followed the

5004:

in 1972 remains the last crewed mission to the Moon.

4621: 4424:

of bulls and geometric shapes, or 20–30,000 year old

4365:, which has a period of approximately 18 years. 4082: 4003: 3955:

when it is reflected back to Earth from areas of the

3804:

it appears upside down compared to the view from the

3656:

in opposition to the Earth's rotation. This "drains"

3319:

sent a 2,300 kg (5,100 lb) impactor into a

2418:); it varies with the lunar day. Its sources include 2191:

but has since departed from this condition. It has a

1956:

Following formation, the Moon has cooled and most of

1607: 1598: 1586: 1564:(literally 'Moon') is the Greek goddess of the Moon. 1553: 1538: 1510: 1504: 1481: 1314:), making parts of the far side of the Moon visible. 1187:

is about one sixth of Earth's, about half of that of

19064: 17975:

Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century

17818:

which Alice Gorman cites regarding co-participation.

16051:"Under the Moonlight: Depictions of the Moon in Art" 15107: 13877: 13336:"The moon has hundreds more craters than we thought" 13033:"Near/far side asymmetry in the tidally heated Moon" 10547: 8783:"Early formation of the Moon 4.51 billion years ago" 7972: 7970: 7968: 7275:

Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Ephemeris

7258:

Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Ephemeris

7179: 6363:

Of particular significance has been the occasion of

6061:

Since 2020, countries have joined the U.S. in their

5960:

for several days at a time (for example, during the

3640:

the sloshing of water between different ocean basins

3455:, completing a full cycle, as seen from Earth. This 3281:

In 2008, NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper equipment on

3070:

with flat floors, terraced walls and central peaks,

1592: 1547: 1475: 1417:

proper name for Earth's natural satellite is simply

20357:. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. 19287:

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society

18722: 18141:"MIT to lead development of new telescopes on moon" 17925: 17828: 17826: 17824: 16674:"Apollo Anniversary: Moon Landing "Inspired World"" 16399: 15615: 15349: 13640: 12328:. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. 11843:Heiken, G. (1991). Vaniman, D.; French, B. (eds.). 11484:James, John; Kahn-Mayberry, Noreen (January 2009). 11402:"Lopsided Cloud of Dust Discovered Around the Moon" 9466: 9023:. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. 7881: 7879: 7093: 6575:For the representation of the Moon, especially its 6211:Since pre-historic times people have taken note of 5242:is currently in operation, obtaining precise lunar 3010:The lighter-colored regions of the Moon are called 2394:sketch depicts the glow and rays among the general 1968:and many small ones, forming a landscape featuring 1621: 1544: 1501: 1472: 20615:, a 3-D rendition of the Moon akin to Google Earth 20501: 20128: 19858: 19822: 19718: 19416: 19414: 19412: 19410: 16244: 16159:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 15820: 14501:Haigh, I. D.; Eliot, M.; Pattiaratchi, C. (2011). 14339:Guarino, Ben; Achenbach, Joel (October 26, 2020). 11540: 11483: 10466:Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites, and Magnetosphere 9923: 9047:"Asteroids Bear Scars of Moon's Violent Formation" 8889: 8496: 8462: 8461: 8408: 8374: 6154:International Space Exploration Coordination Group 4573:(78–37 BC) noted the sphericity of the Moon. 4453:being another depiction identified as the oldest. 4335:(with the Moon appearing larger than the Sun) and 4288:causes the Sun to be covered, revealing the white 4088: 4068: 1651:The Greek goddess of the wilderness and the hunt, 1266:and, mostly on the near side of the Moon, by dark 20567:Video (04:56) – The Moon in 4K (NASA, April 2018) 19971: 19920: 18752: 17603: 16713:. The NASA History Series. Washington, DC: NASA. 16075:O'Connor, J.J.; Robertson, E.F. (February 1999). 16021:"Carved and Drawn Prehistoric Maps of the Cosmos" 14885:"Why the Moon is getting further away from Earth" 14738:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 14609: 14207:Honniball, C.I.; et al. (October 26, 2020). 10649: 9549:Akram, W.; Schönbächler, M. (September 1, 2016). 9548: 9346: 8495: 8407: 7965: 7926: 6679:, featuring crescent shaped headgears or crowns. 6617:, which the other ancient Egyptian lunar deities 5378:and Japan became the fourth and fifth country to 5051:Moon Treaty and explorational absence (1976–1990) 4639:'s sketches of the Moon from the ground-breaking 4628:Exploration of the Moon § Before spaceflight 4495:had described the Moon's monthly elongation. The 3679:show that Earth's day lengthens by about 17 3428:The Moon's orbit is slightly elliptical, with an 2657:Blanketed on top of the Moon's crust is a highly 2043:and one, Titan, having a considerable atmosphere. 726:(29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s; 25288: 20578:Video (04:47) – The Moon in 3D (NASA, July 2018) 20013: 19883: 19510:Hellas and Rome: The Classical World in Pictures 19368: 19350:Collections Search – Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 18007: 17821: 17481:"NASA plans to send first woman on Moon by 2024" 14338: 12195:"NASA's LRO Reveals 'Incredible Shrinking Moon'" 10582: 10098: 9600:Kegerreis, J.A.; et al. (October 4, 2022). 9116: 8204:"Naming Astronomical Objects: Spelling of Names" 7876: 7441: 6851: 6661:symbolized as a disc, optionally with eight rays 5672:, it will need to be free from any physical and 5092:, developing and continuously operating, beside 3842:Despite the Moon's tidal locking, the effect of 3683:every year, slowly increasing the rate at which 3352:Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy 3346:In October 2020, astronomers reported detecting 3202:of major impacts. Well known swirls include the 2883:, found in and around maria, are likely extinct 1567:The English adjective pertaining to the Moon is 355:(29 d 12 h 44 min 2.9 s) 333:(27 d 7 h 43 min 11.5 s) 23519: 19507: 19407: 19138: 18817: 18787: 18785: 17732:"Will people go to space—and then colonize it?" 17694: 17692: 17511:"Russia, China agree on joint Moon exploration" 17503: 17386: 16320: 16108: 16106: 16104: 16102: 14985:. IERS Special Bureau for Tides. Archived from 14730: 14728: 14726: 14724: 14722: 14559: 14261: 14206: 13884:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 12770: 12634: 11628: 10917:"Magnetometer / Electron Reflectometer Results" 10702: 8294:"Late Proto-Indo-European Etymological Lexicon" 7212: 6725:) later taking her place, becoming depicted in 6383:and is celebrated with festivities such as the 5439:are all planned to launch to the Moon in 2024. 5394:in the 2010s. Notably, Japan's spacecraft, the 5249:China continued its lunar program in 2010 with 3051:A view of a three kilometer deep larger crater 2504:Studies of Moon magma samples retrieved by the 1626:, the Greek word for the Moon, and its cognate 18883: 18881: 17723: 17659: 17628: 17542:"Russia Plans Ambitious Robotic Lunar Mission" 16189: 15962: 15960: 14465: 14463: 13989: 13597: 13172:Herrick, R.R.; Forsberg-Taylor, N. K. (2003). 13006:"Was our two-faced moon in a small collision?" 12963: 12630: 12628: 12015: 12013: 12011: 11352: 11218: 10801: 10799: 10797: 10613: 8554:Oxford English Dictionary: Second Edition 1989 8373: 8291: 8108: 8106: 7035:are derived from the Latin name for the Moon, 6391:, its second most important celebration after 6103: 5308:In 2014 the first privately funded probe, the 1302:of the lunar surface is comparable to that of 23680: 23491: 22743: 22130: 20851: 20014:Foster, Russell G.; Roenneberg, Till (2008). 19460: 19458: 19456: 18925:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 105. 18706:(Press release). White House. April 6, 2020. 18647:United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs 18584:United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs 18554:United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs 18452:United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs 18422:United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs 18412: 18410: 17891: 17889: 17246:Australian Institute of International Affairs 16379:The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy 16293:"Discovering How Greeks Computed in 100 B.C." 15874: 15319: 15143: 14913: 14605: 14603: 14601: 14599: 14435: 14365: 14268:Hayne, P.O.; et al. (October 26, 2020). 12288: 11256: 11254: 11252: 10945: 10271: 9433:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 9425: 9423: 9207:"2008 Pellas-Ryder Award for Mathieu Touboul" 8973:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8671: 8551:"Oxford English Dictionary: lunar, a. and n." 7672: 7670: 7616:. Octopus Publishing Group Ltd. p. 226. 7293: 6600: 6338: 6318: 6146:International Lunar Exploration Working Group 6038:defines the Moon and all outer space as the " 5659:Apollo 17's Lunar Surface Experiments Package 5413:. It also carried a chinese rover to conduct 5337:In 2020, China carried out its first robotic 2831:(brown) features of the near side of the Moon 2574:produce radiation levels on average of 1.369 1806:might have looked early in the Moon's history 19859:Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Arkowitz, Hal (2009). 19743: 19689:"The Moon of Science or the Moon of Lovers?" 19678:. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, p.13 19213: 18782: 18635: 18074: 17855: 17785: 17689: 17392: 16565:"Russia's unmanned missions toward the Moon" 16099: 15198: 14719: 14649:"Is the Moon maintaining Earth's magnetism?" 14332: 14200: 13811: 13698: 13209: 13207: 12512: 11846:Lunar Sourcebook, a user's guide to the Moon 11085: 10457: 10197: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10138:"Everything you need to know about the Moon" 9863: 9861: 9859: 9827: 9825: 9692:Yuan, Qian; et al. (November 1, 2023). 9685: 9652: 9503: 9340: 8679:"Exploring the Planets: Chapter 4. The Moon" 8321:The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology 8312: 7920: 7417:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 7162: 6844:, association with the Moon applies also to 6309:). To give another example from a different 5669: 5508:, having announced with Russia's struggling 4857:and the first vehicle to orbit the Moon was 4691: 4168:that is slightly brighter than that of worn 3033:when the Moon was much closer to the Earth. 2919:, are of wholly volcanic origin, forming as 2823:The names of the main volcanic features the 2582:, which is about 2.6 times more than on the 1571:, derived from the Latin word for the Moon, 1408: 1223:4.51 billion years ago, not long after 20731:Maps and panoramas at Apollo landing sites. 19889: 19588: 19464: 18996: 18959: 18878: 17968: 17754: 17147:"President Bush Offers New Vision For NASA" 16486: 16152:Aaboe, A.; Britton, J.P.; Henderson, J.A.; 16013: 15970:The History of Mathematics: An Introduction 15957: 14920:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 14914:Williams, James G.; Boggs, Dale H. (2016). 14553: 14460: 14405:The Aerospace Corporation (July 20, 2023). 14267: 13971:41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 13467: 12667: 12625: 12008: 11635:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 11224: 10794: 10621:"How Do You Pick Up Something on the Moon?" 10272:Brown, D.; Anderson, J. (January 6, 2011). 8752:"The Moon is older than scientists thought" 8103: 7757:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 7676:Hamilton, Calvin J.; Hamilton, Rosanna L., 7630: 7280: 6250: 5284: 4677: 4654: 4069:{\displaystyle (1-\cos e)/2=\sin ^{2}(e/2)} 3417:The Earth and the Moon form the Earth-Moon 3138:technique due to the potential presence of 2274:jumping on the Moon, illustrating that the 2003: 1724: 1616: 1572: 1341:arrived at the Moon, with the flyby of the 25312:Astronomical objects known since antiquity 23498: 23484: 22750: 22736: 22137: 22123: 20858: 20844: 20638:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature (USGS) 19453: 19420: 19077:. University of Chicago Press. p. 9. 18760:"Moonkind – Human Heritage in Outer Space" 18671: 18572: 18542: 18506: 18470: 18440: 18407: 17886: 17335: 17149:(Press release). NASA. December 14, 2004. 16790:. OASI Newsletters Archive. Archived from 16459: 16440: 16327:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 15783: 15382: 15352:"Full moon tonight is as close as it gets" 15144:Murray, C.D.; Dermott, Stanley F. (1999). 14596: 13961: 13936: 13930: 12670:"Volcanoes Erupted 'Recently' on the Moon" 12441: 11591: 11249: 9793: 9691: 9420: 9063: 9008: 8610: 7667: 7406: 7404: 7081: 6862:List of appearances of the Moon in fiction 6628:Iconographically the crescent was used in 6409: 5801: 5666:planetary protection target-categorization 5564:Humans last landed on the Moon during the 4563:believed the Moon to be energy equated to 4126: 3908: 3718: 3637:ocean basins that grow shallower near land 3459:or synodic month is commonly known as the 3436:of the geocentric lunar orbit, called the 2954:made of particularly high viscosity lava. 2800:. The cave's stable temperature of around 49: 20758:Large image of the Moon's north pole area 20735:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) 20588: 20478: 20467:U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 20322: 20289:The Big Splat, or How Our Moon Came to Be 20285: 20041: 19854: 19852: 19775: 19585:, Princeton University Press, 1992, p 108 19427:. The British Museum Press. p. 135. 19070: 18345: 18343: 18283: 18107: 17962: 17839:(Thesis). p. 109-115, 164–167, 176. 16622:"'Giant leap' opens world of possibility" 16525: 15905:Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand 15445: 15345: 15343: 15315: 15313: 15172: 15090: 15041: 14860: 14646: 14529: 14287: 14077: 13913: 13903: 13846: 13757: 13732: 13603: 13504: 13458: 13254: 13204: 13074: 13048: 12977: 12864: 12708: 12595:"A New Moon for the Twenty-First Century" 12569: 12469: 12407: 12353:"FeO and TiO2 Variations in Mare Imbrium" 12104: 11960: 11687: 11582: 11343: 11284: 11170: 10839: 10770: 10573: 10508: 10399: 10288: 10180: 10071: 9919: 9917: 9915: 9895: 9856: 9822: 9635: 9617: 9584: 9574: 9412:. Vol. 19. p. 8. Archived from 9362: 9077: 8969: 8814: 8292:López-Menchero, Fernando (May 22, 2020). 8131: 8010: 7911: 7742: 7740: 7580: 7473: 7435: 6825:, while gold is associated with the Sun. 5820:concept for a radio telescope on the Moon 4381:History of exploration and human presence 2891:. They typically originate from volcanic 2661:(broken into ever smaller particles) and 2134:and an escape velocity of 2.38 km/s 2051:, making it a satellite planet under the 25011:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules 20499: 20460: 18138: 17729: 17634: 16946:"Lunar Prospector: Neutron Spectrometer" 16048: 16044: 16042: 15928: 15926: 15823:"Eclipse 99, Frequently Asked Questions" 15821:Thieman, J.; Keating, S. (May 2, 2006). 15814: 15792:"Moon near Perigee, Earth near Aphelion" 15668: 15286: 14563:Essays on the Motion of Celestial Bodies 14114:"Water ice 'detected on Moon's surface'" 13213: 13008:. Theconversation.edu.au. Archived from 11820:. NASA. January 30, 2006. Archived from 11225:Steigerwald, William (August 17, 2015). 11088:"The zodiacal light, seen from the moon" 10463: 9015:Taylor, G. Jeffrey (December 31, 1998). 8348: 8318: 7837: 7700: 7517: 7513: 6182: 5913: 5811: 5652: 5585:orbits around Earth–Moon Lagrange points 5452: 5382:a spacecraft on the Moon, following the 5130: 4937:, the commander of the American mission 4865: 4773: 4631: 4404:List of spacecraft that orbited the Moon 4388:Pre-telescopic observation (before 1609) 4151: 3926: 3853: 3730: 3558: 3527: 3400: 3276: 3174: 3046: 2971: 2959:concentration of heat-producing elements 2818: 2713: 2551: 2369: 2308:), about half of the surface gravity of 2265: 2169: 2030: 1928: 1793: 25207:) may be read as "within" or "part of". 24235:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets 20183: 19828: 19170:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. 19116:. Vol. 3. J. Walton. p. 768. 18793:"Declaration of the Rights of the Moon" 17969:Briggs, Randall; Sacco, Albert (1985). 17832: 17572: 17539: 16926:from the original on September 25, 2010 16112: 15987: 15762: 15492:"Moon used to spin 'on different axis'" 15259: 15207:"Earth's Moon Destined to Disintegrate" 14895:from the original on September 25, 2015 14734: 14662:from the original on September 22, 2020 13937:Lakdawalla, Emily (November 13, 2009). 13646: 12932: 12711:"Recent volcanic eruptions on the moon" 12442:Wilson, Lionel; Head, James W. (2003). 12220:(6) (published May 13, 2019): 411–417. 12166: 11743: 11741: 11709: 11707: 10228: 8883: 8881: 8879: 8637:from the original on September 4, 2016. 8623:. V&R unipress GmbH. pp. 96–. 7518:Williams, David R. (February 2, 2006). 7511: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7414:The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System 7401: 7312:On average, the Moon covers an area of 4879:taken by a human from the Moon, during 4416:It is believed by some that the oldest 2641:" have extremely low temperatures. The 1690:for the Moon is a crescent\decrescent, 14: 25289: 20708: 20487:from the original on February 23, 2019 20439: 20410: 20373: 20361:from the original on November 17, 2015 20355:Planetary Science Research Discoveries 20191:Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 20092:from the original on September 8, 2014 20077: 19965: 19849: 19421:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992). 19356:from the original on November 11, 2021 19323:from the original on November 22, 2022 19120:from the original on November 26, 2020 19039: 18376: 18340: 18203:"Liquid Mirror Telescopes on the Moon" 18182:from the original on December 22, 2010 18089:from the original on November 25, 2020 17861: 17791: 17698: 17677:from the original on December 17, 2022 17647:from the original on December 17, 2022 17604:Meredith Garofalo (December 8, 2023). 17008:from the original on November 22, 2021 16703:Orloff, Richard W. (September 2004) . 16591:"Record of Lunar Events, 24 July 1969" 16534:"Appendix A: Lunar Theory Before 1964" 16049:Simonova, Michaela (January 2, 2022). 15966: 15789: 15583:Planetary Science Research Discoveries 15576: 15558:from the original on December 25, 2013 15528:from the original on November 14, 2016 15411: 15350:Richard K. De Atley (March 18, 2011). 15340: 15310: 15249:from the original on January 30, 2016. 15217:from the original on September 6, 2008 15204: 14983:"Ocean Tides and the Earth's Rotation" 14541:from the original on December 12, 2019 14448:from the original on November 29, 2020 14172: 14170: 14111: 14107: 14105: 14043: 13673: 13649:"The Multiplying Mystery of Moonwater" 13628:from the original on November 26, 2020 13342:from the original on October 13, 2016. 13097: 12723:from the original on October 14, 2014. 12680:from the original on October 16, 2014. 12599:Planetary Science Research Discoveries 12592: 12422: 12326:Planetary Science Research Discoveries 12319: 12134:Planetary Science Research Discoveries 12130:"The Biggest Hole in the Solar System" 12127: 11842: 11754:Planetary Science Research Discoveries 11747: 11610:from the original on December 15, 2020 11147: 11116: 10856: 10588: 10422:Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 10413: 10411: 10284:from the original on January 11, 2012. 10201: 10104: 10077: 9956:from the original on September 2, 2022 9927:Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 9912: 9775:from the original on September 7, 2015 9429: 9204: 9021:Planetary Science Research Discoveries 9014: 8932: 8926: 8887: 8837: 8831: 8616: 8226: 8172:"Is the 'full moon' merely a fallacy?" 8076:Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 8067: 8065: 8063: 7737: 7366:Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 7357: 7355: 7353: 7263: 7242: 7122: 6274:(mēn), meaning "month") stem from the 6219:, and used it to keep record of time. 6159: 6116:In particular the establishment of an 5629:List of artificial objects on the Moon 4786:, October 7, 1959. Clearly visible is 4725:First missions to the Moon (1959–1976) 2386:and lunar twilight rays, like Earth's 2343:, or less than one hundred thousandth 2261: 1924: 1402: 23479: 22731: 22118: 20839: 20780:"NASA's SKYCAL – Sky Events Calendar" 20744:Lunar Earthside chart (4497 x 3150px) 20547:NASA images and videos about the Moon 20240: 20078:Angier, Natalie (September 7, 2014). 19871:from the original on October 16, 2009 19699:from the original on November 1, 2021 19626:Abbri, Ferdinando (August 30, 2019). 19625: 19594: 19532: 19284: 18978:from the original on November 4, 2021 18965: 18900:from the original on February 6, 2022 18887: 18770:from the original on November 1, 2021 18740:from the original on November 1, 2021 18710:from the original on February 1, 2024 18623:from the original on November 2, 2021 18395:from the original on January 16, 2019 18382: 18364:from the original on December 1, 2020 18349: 18239:from the original on December 3, 2013 18233:"Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph" 18169: 18139:Chandler, David (February 15, 2008). 17843:from the original on February 5, 2022 17773:from the original on February 4, 2022 17760: 17742:from the original on November 9, 2021 17730:Vidaurri, Monica (October 24, 2019). 17446: 17415: 17317:from the original on January 19, 2024 17287:from the original on February 1, 2022 17252:from the original on February 1, 2022 17219:from the original on January 25, 2022 17127:from the original on October 29, 2021 17082: 16628:from the original on January 20, 2012 16619: 16376: 16302:from the original on December 4, 2013 16239: 16195: 16087:from the original on January 12, 2012 16039: 15945:from the original on November 4, 2021 15932: 15923: 15802:from the original on December 8, 2013 15741:from the original on November 2, 2015 15728: 15662: 15298:from the original on October 16, 2015 14469: 14417:from the original on November 8, 2023 14386:from the original on October 26, 2020 14371: 14353:from the original on October 26, 2020 14320:from the original on October 27, 2020 14249:from the original on October 27, 2020 12986:from the original on November 3, 2012 12698:from the original on January 3, 2015. 12649:from the original on October 18, 2014 12201:from the original on August 21, 2010. 11629:Rambaux, N.; Williams, J. 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Vol. 5. Didot. p. 1001. 18947:from the original on October 3, 2021 18912: 18521:International Institute of Space Law 18485:International Institute of Space Law 18200: 18020:from the original on January 6, 2024 17934:(3). Mary Ann Liebert Inc: 274–283. 17171: 17060:. NASA. October 2009. Archived from 16760:(Press release). September 1, 1977. 16648:"Manned Space Chronology: Apollo_11" 16613: 16531: 15268:from the original on January 2, 2022 15260:Howells, Kate (September 25, 2020). 14429: 14188:from the original on August 21, 2018 14155:from the original on August 21, 2018 14124:from the original on August 21, 2018 13550: 13532:from the original on August 11, 2017 13100:Impact cratering: A geologic process 12635:Phil Berardelli (November 9, 2006). 12148:from the original on August 20, 2007 11794:. September 17, 2009. Archived from 11738: 11726:from the original on August 11, 2017 11714:Amos, Jonathan (December 16, 2009). 11713: 11704: 11597: 11237:from the original on August 19, 2015 11061:10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:1(2) 10984:"Lunar horizon glow from Surveyor 7" 10589:Kluger, Jeffrey (October 12, 2018). 10155: 10129: 9831: 8876: 8564:from the original on August 19, 2020 8517:participating institution membership 8483:participating institution membership 8429:participating institution membership 8395:participating institution membership 8262: 7490: 7410: 7197:by day and 100 K by night, the 7074: 6985:legal relation to the celestial body 6877:The Moon is prominently featured in 6758: 6290:, derived from the PIE verbal root * 6199:, or the approximate number of full 6142:International Lunar Research Station 5808:Extraterrestrial sky § The Moon 5538:lander in 2024. Another focus is on 3357: 3221: 2808: 2462:, outgassed after their creation by 2008:The Moon is a very slightly scalene 20116:from the original on March 11, 2011 19810:from the original on April 20, 2022 19214:Mallory, J.P.; Adams, D.Q. (2006). 18799:from the original on April 23, 2021 18672:Vazhapully, Kiran (July 22, 2020). 18653:from the original on August 9, 2010 18590:from the original on April 21, 2010 18560:from the original on April 21, 2010 18458:from the original on April 21, 2010 18428:from the original on April 21, 2010 18383:Zheng, William (January 15, 2019). 18350:David, Leonard (October 21, 2019). 18075:Andrew Jones (September 23, 2020). 17862:Carter, Jamie (February 27, 2022). 17833:Alvarez, Tamara (January 1, 2020). 17699:Garber, Megan (December 19, 2012). 17585:from the original on April 27, 2024 17491:from the original on April 14, 2020 17348:from the original on April 30, 2024 17184:from the original on April 17, 2021 16982:from the original on March 23, 2010 16788:"NASA Turns A Deaf Ear To The Moon" 16571:from the original on April 14, 2010 16562: 16544:from the original on April 10, 2010 16023:. Space Today. 2006. Archived from 15847: 15677:from the original on March 12, 2010 15502:from the original on March 23, 2016 15427:from the original on April 12, 2010 15115:"When Will Earth Lock to the Moon?" 14980: 14584:from the original on March 23, 2018 14372:Chang, Kenneth (October 26, 2020). 14167: 14102: 13178:Meteoritics & Planetary Science 12887: 12494:from the original on March 12, 2007 12332:from the original on April 18, 2007 11716:"'Coldest place' found on the Moon" 11098:from the original on August 8, 2022 11067:from the original on August 8, 2022 10994:from the original on August 8, 2022 10408: 10029:from the original on August 4, 2020 9659:Chang, Kenneth (November 1, 2023). 9555:Earth and Planetary Science Letters 9454:10.1146/annurev.ea.13.050185.001221 9350:Earth and Planetary Science Letters 8994:10.1146/annurev.ea.15.050187.001415 8762:from the original on August 3, 2019 8744: 8689:from the original on April 28, 2023 8659:from the original on April 28, 2023 8543: 8060: 8048:from the original on March 21, 2023 7819:from the original on April 27, 2019 7748:Paul C.; Williams, Iwan P. (2010). 7530:from the original on March 23, 2010 6970:culturally impactful lunar landings 6837: 6767:. Such shapes are among others the 6640:lunar deity, who was the father of 5865:Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph 5526:to set up temporary surface camps. 5396:Smart Lander for Investigating Moon 4528:that would dominate for centuries. 4304:The Moon, tinted reddish, during a 4147: 4136:, or inadequate drawings. However, 3889:in this orientation as a result of 3864:tidally locked synchronous rotation 3821:distance between the Moon and Earth 3647: 3327:In May 2011, 615–1410 ppm water in 2691: 2116:of 37.7 million square kilometers. 2053:geophysical definitions of the term 1663:, from her legendary birthplace on 1409:Moon § Cultural representation 1144:'s—are the main drivers of Earth's 24: 23515: 20715:Planetary Cartography and Graphics 20651:. October 15, 2003. Archived from 20526:from the original on June 17, 2020 20448:from the original on April 4, 2007 20398:from the original on June 17, 2020 20310:from the original on June 17, 2020 20228:from the original on June 27, 2007 20070: 19837:from the original on June 27, 2023 19654:from the original on June 17, 2022 19607:from the original on April 8, 2022 19601:Brill Encyclopedia of Islam Online 19489:from the original on June 16, 2020 19395:from the original on July 25, 2022 19263: 19242: 19149:from the original on July 28, 2020 19091:from the original on July 25, 2022 18866:from the original on June 28, 2021 18264:Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 18151:from the original on March 4, 2009 18114:California Institute of Technology 18108:Takahashi, Yuki (September 1999). 17907:from the original on July 14, 2021 17874:from the original on April 9, 2022 17761:David, Leonard (August 21, 2020). 17711:from the original on April 9, 2022 17701:"The Trash We've Left on the Moon" 17616:from the original on June 15, 2024 17554:from the original on June 12, 2006 17521:from the original on July 22, 2023 17447:Jones, Andrew (January 10, 2024). 17374:from the original on June 15, 2024 17032:Indian Space Research Organisation 16755:"NASA news release 77-47 page 242" 16601:from the original on April 8, 2010 16443:Dictionary of Scientific Biography 16348:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37193.x 16273:from the original on June 17, 2020 16133:from the original on June 22, 2019 15881:. 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Archived from 9027:from the original on June 10, 2010 8914:from the original on June 17, 2020 8273:from the original on June 17, 2020 8238:USGS Astrogeology Research Program 7524:National Space Science Data Center 7330: 7222:is larger relative to its primary 6015:landers scattered pennants of the 5127:Renewed exploration (1990–present) 4790:(top right) and a mare triplet of 4622:Telescopic exploration (1609–1959) 4160:The Moon has an exceptionally low 3812:and occurs more frequently in the 3463:and is equal to the length of the 2347:. The Moon does not have a global 1719: 1294:. This is mainly due to its large 1136:) at 29.5 Earth days, causing the 25: 25338: 22076:Lilith (hypothetical second moon) 20540: 20273:from the original on May 10, 2021 20170:from the original on May 10, 2021 19731:from the original on July 9, 2019 19583:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time 19468:Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia 19313:"Mid-Autumn Festival Celebration" 18999:The African Archaeological Review 18919:Thompson, William Irwin. (1981). 18684:from the original on May 10, 2021 18270:(6). Copernicus GmbH: 1527–1537. 17989:from the original on May 26, 2022 17804:from the original on July 4, 2022 17153:from the original on May 10, 2007 17095:from the original on July 1, 2016 17083:David, Leonard (March 17, 2015). 17038:from the original on July 6, 2010 16874:from the original on May 27, 2010 16767:from the original on June 4, 2011 16735:from the original on June 6, 2013 16464:. Galileo Project. Archived from 16199:(2008). "Astronomy in India". In 16001:from the original on June 1, 2019 15579:"Recent Gas Escape from the Moon" 15125:from the original on May 28, 2022 14482:from the original on May 22, 2020 14142: 13647:Coulter, Dauna (March 18, 2010). 13414:from the original on July 2, 2022 13333: 12593:Taylor, G. J. (August 31, 2000). 11748:Martel, L. M. V. (June 4, 2003). 11123:Space Settlements: A Design Study 11024:from the original on July 3, 2022 10136:Parks, Jake (September 7, 2023). 10105:Dyches, Preston (July 28, 2021). 9844:from the original on May 14, 2023 9606:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 9214:Meteoritics and Planetary Science 8300:from the original on May 22, 2020 8244:from the original on May 27, 2010 8184:from the original on June 1, 2023 7133:giving 350 600 km. The 7002:In 2021 20 July, the date of the 6984: 6828:Through a miracle, the so-called 5870:The Moon has been also a site of 5670:astronomy performed from the Moon 5553: 5498:Commercial Lunar Payload Services 5188:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program 4690:, and their associated 1837 book 3421:with a shared center of mass, or 3036: 2665:mostly gray surface layer called 2330: 2017:at its current orbital distance. 1165:United States from coast to coast 763:Equatorial rotation velocity 25274: 25262: 25250: 25238: 25226: 25098: 25086: 25074: 23505: 22827: 22821: 22815: 22712: 22711: 22098: 22097: 22039:Moon landing conspiracy theories 20962: 20645:"Clementine Lunar Image Browser" 20595:Unified Geologic Map of the Moon 20249:from the original on May 8, 2021 20158:"Where does the Moon Come From?" 20155: 20135:The Clementine Atlas of the Moon 19666: 19565: 19526: 19501: 19465:Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea (1998). 19317:Confucius Institute for Scotland 19278: 19257: 19236: 19207: 19183: 19161: 19132: 19103: 19033: 18990: 18811: 18696: 18665: 18523:. 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Archived from 16405:Hayashi (2008), "Aryabhata I", 15933:Boyle, Rebecca (July 9, 2019). 14470:Stern, David (March 30, 2014). 14436:Matt Williams (July 10, 2017). 13674:Spudis, P. (November 6, 2006). 12844:Journal of Geophysical Research 12449:Journal of Geophysical Research 12128:Taylor, G. J. (July 17, 1998). 11598:Wall, Mike (December 9, 2013). 11323:Journal of Geophysical Research 11086:Deborah Byrd (April 24, 2014). 10949:Journal of Geophysical Research 10939: 10909: 10733: 10696: 10643: 10541: 10486: 10361: 10265: 10222: 10078:Horner, Jonti (July 18, 2019). 10041: 9968: 9875:Journal of Geophysical Research 9787: 9593: 9542: 9497: 9470:Journal of Geophysical Research 9460: 9395: 9332:. April 8, 2015. Archived from 9316: 9263: 9198: 9166: 9110: 9057: 9039: 8963: 8896:. Walken and Company. pp. 8774: 8701: 8576: 8523: 8489: 8455: 8435: 8401: 8367: 8341: 8285: 8256: 8196: 8164: 7694: 7552:Journal of Geophysical Research 7233: 7230:and not a planet, unlike Earth. 7209:by day and 10 Pa by night. 7013: 6785:Indigenous American mythologies 6675:of ancient Rome, depicted as a 5986: 5764:memorial, and other artifacts. 5614: 5574:presence of orbiters since 2006 5398:, survived 3 lunar nights. The 5315:Another Chinese rover mission, 5063:last Soviet mission to the Moon 4806:After the first spaceflight of 3164: 2710:List of quadrangles on the Moon 1964:has since been shaped by large 649:1.622 m/s (5.32 ft/s) 22248:Climate variability and change 21988:Artificial objects on the Moon 20463:"Geologic History of the Moon" 20243:"Apollo Lunar Surface Journal" 19110:Smith, William George (1849). 19046:. 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(2012). 12709:Eric Hand (October 12, 2014). 10719:10.1126/science.340.6129.138-a 9832:John, Tara (October 9, 2017). 9017:"Origin of the Earth and Moon" 8536:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 8448:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 7605: 7542: 6164: 6156:(ISECG) has been established. 5721:have attracted criticism from 5664:While the Moon has the lowest 5641:Lunar resources § Mining 4968:, including heat flow probes, 4833:reached the Moon's surface by 4812:International Geophysical Year 4115:(most distant), it subtends a 4063: 4049: 4022: 4004: 2312:and about a sixth of Earth's. 2162:Internal structure of the Moon 1270:("seas"), which are plains of 13: 1: 22684:Evolution of the Solar System 21079:Total penumbral lunar eclipse 20624:Lunar and Planetary Institute 20382:Smithsonian Institution Press 20267:Lunar and Planetary Institute 20080:"The Moon Comes Around Again" 18888:Evans, Kate (July 20, 2021). 17416:Jones, Andrew (May 6, 2024). 17336:Robert Lea (April 24, 2024). 15178:From the Big Bang to Planet X 13734:10.1126/science.281.5382.1496 13515:10.1126/science.284.5420.1658 12571:10.1126/science.281.5382.1484 12320:Norman, M. (April 21, 2004). 12044:10.1126/science.266.5192.1848 10808:"The end of the lunar dynamo" 10111:NASA Solar System Exploration 9769:Lunar and Planetary Institute 7323: 6977:economic expansion into space 6852:Modern culture representation 6486: 6152:(MVA) and more generally the 5657:Artifacts of human activity, 5633:Space art § Art in space 5542:, which is a key part of the 5310:Manfred Memorial Moon Mission 5246:and high-resolution imagery. 5212:water molecules in lunar soil 4447: 4359:orbit of Earth around the Sun 3832: 3509:. The Moon's orbit is subtly 3153:period of increased impacts. 2359: 1421:, with a capital M. The noun 1399:beginning in the late 2020s. 1175:satellite in relation to its 796:24° to Earth's equator 422:revolution in 8.85 years 22424:Evolutionary history of life 22054:Moon is made of green cheese 21348:Permanently shadowed craters 20442:"The Project Apollo Archive" 19750:Seed, David (July 9, 2019). 19597:"Crescent (symbol of Islam)" 19508:Zschietzschmann, W. (2006). 19040:Duncan, David Ewing (1998). 17540:Covault, C. (June 4, 2006). 16948:. NASA. 2001. Archived from 16838:10.1126/science.265.5171.482 15383:Hershenson, Maurice (1989). 14804:10.1126/science.267.5198.639 14647:Iain Todd (March 31, 2018). 13575:10.1126/science.189.4200.377 13460:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.05.024 13321:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.009 13284:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.05.012 13223:Geologic History of the Moon 13161:Impact Cratering Notes (LPI) 13067:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.04.010 12891:Geophysical Research Letters 12076:Geophysical Research Letters 11750:"The Moon's Dark, Icy Poles" 10923:(NASA). 2001. Archived from 10674:10.1126/science.161.3842.680 10554:Geophysical Research Letters 9950:ESA Science & Technology 9816:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.02.025 9528:10.1126/science.342.6155.183 9096:10.1016/j.newast.2017.01.012 8957:10.1016/0019-1035(75)90102-5 8319:Barnhart, Robert K. (1995). 8150:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114768 7661:10.1016/0032-0633(95)00154-9 6709:included aspects of Artemis/ 6644:, the goddess of the planet 5852:can be made cheaply with an 5769:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 5540:in situ resource utilization 5421:sent a lunar orbiter called 5295:in 1973 and the first lunar 5238:on October 9, 2009, whereas 5220:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 5098:Earth observation satellites 5015:the first remote controlled 4705:until the 1870s proposal of 4466: 4408:List of missions to the Moon 3366:Satellite system (astronomy) 3198:and many are located at the 2798:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 2643:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 2570:, the Sun and the resulting 2356:of the giant impact basins. 2222:and sinking of the minerals 2155: 2114:area (excluding all islands) 1775: 1132:) with its rotation period ( 7: 25327:Moons with a prograde orbit 25317:Planetary satellite systems 25069:Outline of the Solar System 24832:Interplanetary medium/space 20510:University of Arizona Press 19271:Online Etymology Dictionary 19250:Online Etymology Dictionary 18176:Goddard Space Flight Center 16702: 16620:Coren, M. (July 26, 2004). 16449:. pp. 189–210, at 195. 15704:Science Mission Directorate 15294:. Curious About Astronomy. 12774:Planetary and Space Science 12516:Lunar and Planetary Science 12425:"Mapping Melts on the Moon" 12357:Lunar and Planetary Science 11522:Science Mission Directorate 11363:Planetary and Space Science 11148:Crotts, Arlin P.S. (2008). 11018:Science Mission Directorate 8349:Hall III, James A. (2016). 7640:Planetary and Space Science 7051: 6690:, and via the patronage of 6570: 6371:. The full moon around the 6104:Coordination and regulation 6044:weapons of mass destruction 5888:. The Earth appears in the 5752:Apollo 11 goodwill messages 5725:leaders. For example, then– 5691:lander and its carrying of 5230:impactor on June 18, 2009. 4518:description of the universe 4250: 4174:brightest object in the sky 3849: 3043:List of craters on the Moon 2639:craters of eternal darkness 2614:, at the rim of the crater 2584:International Space Station 2486:, which are present in the 2406:so tenuous as to be nearly 2187:body that was initially in 1622: 1445:, which in turn comes from 1128:the Moon's orbital period ( 10: 25343: 24785:Extraterrestrial materials 21981:Craters named after people 21454:Transient lunar phenomenon 21102:Solar eclipses on the Moon 20620:"Consolidated Lunar Atlas" 20419:Cambridge University Press 20139:Cambridge University Press 19906:10.1037/0033-2909.97.2.286 19861:"Lunacy and the Full Moon" 19777:10.1038/d41586-019-02090-w 19191: 16595:Apollo 11 30th anniversary 16253:Cambridge University Press 16077:"Anaxagoras of Clazomenae" 15973:. Mcgraw-Hill. p. 3. 15901:"Total Lunar Occultations" 15729:Gibbs, Philip (May 1997). 15150:Cambridge University Press 14862:10.1051/0004-6361:20020420 14840:Astronomy and Astrophysics 14235:10.1038/s41550-020-01222-x 13410:. NASA. October 13, 2016. 12694:. NASA. October 12, 2014. 11851:Cambridge University Press 10496:Advances in Space Research 10470:Cambridge University Press 9946:"Lunar Far Side Highlands" 9720:10.1038/s41586-023-06589-1 9576:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.05.022 9381:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.055 8584: 8353:. Springer International. 7058:List of natural satellites 7017: 6855: 6443: 6413: 6356:is an example of a purely 6270: 6260: 6168: 6031:, is considered credible. 5990: 5926:looking back at the first 5907: 5805: 5618: 5557: 5446: 5119:The until 1979 negotiated 5054: 4916:Soviet lunar human landing 4728: 4688:Johann Heinrich von Mädler 4670:Giovanni Battista Riccioli 4625: 4397: 4391: 4265:Solar eclipses on the Moon 4254: 4172:. Despite this, it is the 3912: 3724: 3540: 3382: 3363: 3225: 3168: 3040: 2812: 2751:crater in the Solar System 2695: 2363: 2337:an external magnetic field 2317:Moon's gravitational field 2209:fractional crystallization 2159: 2027:List of natural satellites 2024: 1840:of the Earth–Moon system. 1815:origin of the Solar System 1779: 1728: 1406: 1288:brightest celestial object 1199:. The body of the Moon is 29: 25322:Planetary-mass satellites 25105:Earth sciences portal 25064: 25019: 24956: 24827:Interplanetary dust cloud 24706: 24542: 24472: 24183: 24125: 23818: 23671: 23513: 23420: 23254: 22887: 22836: 22813: 22769: 22707: 22674: 22658: 22615: 22560: 22502: 22437: 22384: 22314: 22266: 22223: 22170: 22152: 22144: 22092: 21921: 21889: 21794: 21711: 21631: 21470: 21173: 20971: 20960: 20882: 20873: 20750:October 30, 2020, at the 20043:10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.003 19943:10.2466/pr0.1988.63.3.923 19222:. pp. 98, 128, 317. 19142:Thesaurus graecae linguae 18060:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 16705:"Extravehicular Activity" 16532:Hall, R. Cargill (1977). 16381:. Oxford & New York: 15967:Burton, David M. (2011). 15767:. MrEclip. Archived from 15671:"How Bright is the Moon?" 15522:"Supermoon November 2016" 15264:. The Planetary Society. 14940:10.1007/s10569-016-9702-3 14306:10.1038/s41550-020-1198-9 12795:10.1016/j.pss.2013.09.001 12234:10.1038/s41561-019-0362-2 12197:. NASA. August 19, 2010. 11655:10.1007/s10569-010-9314-2 11384:10.1016/j.pss.2010.02.013 11158:The Astrophysical Journal 10527:10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.013 9205:Kleine, Thorsten (2008). 8730:10.1038/s41561-019-0398-3 8504:Oxford English Dictionary 8470:Oxford English Dictionary 8416:Oxford English Dictionary 8382:Oxford English Dictionary 8351:Moons of the Solar System 7777:10.1007/s10569-010-9320-4 7687:February 4, 2016, at the 7682:Views of the Solar System 7411:Lang, Kenneth R. (2011). 7271:(29 d 12 h 44 min 02.9 s) 7254:(27 d 07 h 43 min 04.7 s) 7250:(27 d 07 h 43 min 11.5 s) 7185:Lucey et al. (2006) give 7155:radius × equatorial 7004:first crewed Moon landing 6943:National Museum in Kraków 6632:as the primary symbol of 6601: 6377:northern autumnal equinox 6339: 6319: 6128:and suggested through an 5954:humans living on the Moon 5945:(1969), the first crewed 5781:laser ranging to the Moon 5605:Queqiao-2 relay satellite 5536:Intuitive Machines Nova-C 5442: 5280: 4926:, followed by turtles on 4896:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4837:. By the end of the year 4483:had recorded the 18-year 4142:lunar transient phenomena 3923:Halo (optical phenomenon) 3882:, the near side is dark. 3673:lunar ranging experiments 3253:bistatic radar experiment 2450:from the solar wind; and 1655:, equated with the Roman 1617: 1227:, out of the debris from 1094: 1046: 1007: 1002: 987: 972: 943: 927: 907: 852: 842: 829: 803: 773: 761: 739: 709: 681: 663: 641: 618: 593: 572: 549: 527: 515: 491: 467: 444: 439: 427: 408: 391: 378: 360: 338: 316:Orbital period (sidereal) 313: 301: 261: 229: 197: 187: 180: 160: 118: 82: 72: 67: 48: 25118:Local Interstellar Cloud 23836:other near-Earth objects 23272:: 5268 km / 0.413 Earths 22694:Location in the Universe 22625:Antarctic/Southern Ocean 22324:List of sovereign states 20865: 20764:August 23, 2016, at the 20640:. List of feature names. 20377:The Once and Future Moon 20286:Mackenzie, Dana (2003). 20180:(podcast and transcript) 20000:, and Tom Genoni, 1996, 19831:"International Moon Day" 19139:Estienne, Henri (1846). 18389:South China Morning Post 18285:10.5194/amt-16-1527-2023 17174:"NASA's Artemis Program" 17172:Mann, Adam (July 2019). 16920:"Clementine information" 16113:Needham, Joseph (1986). 16081:University of St Andrews 15180:. Camden East, Ontario: 14981:Ray, R. (May 15, 2001). 14684:Earth, Moon, and Planets 14613:The Astronomical Journal 14560:V V Belet︠s︡kiĭ (2001). 13604:Seedhouse, Erik (2009). 12939:Solar System Exploration 11406:National Geographic News 10163:"Global Island Explorer" 9637:10.3847/2041-8213/ac8d96 6150:Moon Village Association 6130:Implementation Agreement 6078:Implementation Agreement 6005:Colonization of the Moon 5094:communication satellites 4976:, were installed at the 4674:Francesco Maria Grimaldi 4548:. In the same century, 3893:effects associated with 3608:from 1969 through 1972. 3378: 3111:lunar geologic timescale 2915:. Some craters, such as 2791:, not far from the 1969 2091:Contiguous United States 2004:Physical characteristics 1945:were more frequent, and 1731:Lunar geologic timescale 1725:Lunar geologic timescale 1173:largest and most massive 975:Absolute magnitude 742:Sidereal rotation period 666:Moment of inertia factor 440:Physical characteristics 411:Argument of perigee 341:Orbital period (synodic) 25081:Solar System portal 24807:Giant-impact hypothesis 24414:Trans-Neptunian objects 22002:Moon in science fiction 21507:Giant-impact hypothesis 21355:South Pole–Aitken basin 20500:Wilhelms, D.E. (1993). 20461:Wilhelms, D.E. (1987). 20334:Sterling Publishing Co. 20186:"New views of the Moon" 19675:Encyclopædia Britannica 19640:10.13128/Substantia-603 19220:Oxford University Press 18844:10.1089/space.2018.0025 17940:10.1089/space.2021.0012 16460:Van Helden, A. (1995). 16447:Charles Scribner's Sons 16407:Encyclopædia Britannica 16383:Oxford University Press 16119:. Taipei: Caves Books. 15673:. Amateur Astronomers. 15462:1973Ap&SS..23..459A 15417:"Dark Side of the Moon" 14853:2002A&A...387..700C 14472:"Libration of the Moon" 14079:10.1126/science.1204626 14021:10.1126/science.1186986 13905:10.1073/pnas.1802345115 13848:10.1126/science.1178658 13190:2003M&PS...38.1551H 13104:Oxford University Press 12964:Richard Lovett (2011). 12787:2013P&SS...87...37S 12322:"The Oldest Moon Rocks" 11818:"The Smell of Moondust" 11376:2010P&SS...58..947S 11045:"Lunar Dust Levitation" 10887:10.1126/science.1166804 10324:10.1126/science.1199375 9567:2016E&PSL.449..302A 9373:2007E&PSL.262..438P 9226:2008M&PS...43...11K 8600:A Greek–English Lexicon 8558:Oxford University Press 8509:Oxford University Press 8475:Oxford University Press 8421:Oxford University Press 8387:Oxford University Press 8263:Orel, Vladimir (2003). 7653:1996P&SS...44.1077W 7065:(geography of the Moon) 6991:, as in the 1970 poem " 6987:, especially regarding 6899:An iconic image of the 6858:Moon in science fiction 6765:forming abstract shapes 6713:, came to be used as a 6410:Cultural representation 6217:waxing and waning cycle 6040:province of all mankind 5997:Politics of outer space 5956:have taken place in an 5802:Astronomy from the Moon 5572:has seen uninterrupted 5560:Human presence in space 5492:Beside the progressing 4835:intentionally impacting 4769:exploration of the Moon 4540:correctly thought that 4400:Exploration of the Moon 4343:becomes visible to the 4127:Observational phenomena 3909:Illumination and phases 3870:, and the opposite the 3719:Position and appearance 2995:, a tiny depression in 2747:South Pole–Aitken basin 2733:has been measured with 2189:hydrostatic equilibrium 2105:combined, the combined 2015:hydrostatic equilibrium 1960:has been stripped. The 1786:Giant-impact hypothesis 1463:Occasionally, the name 1430: 1393:exploration of the Moon 712:Synodic rotation period 182:Orbital characteristics 24969:Possible dwarf planets 24812:Gravitational collapse 24750:Circumstellar envelope 23555: 22023:futuristic exploration 21546:Late Heavy Bombardment 20818:. 2005. Archived from 20782:. NASA. Archived from 20589:Cartographic resources 20469:. Professional Paper. 20414:Solar system evolution 19893:Psychological Bulletin 19695:. September 29, 2020. 19218:. Oxford Linguistics. 19071:Zerubavel, E. (1989). 18487:. 2004. Archived from 18321:. NASA. Archived from 18209:. NASA. Archived from 17517:. September 17, 2019. 16896:. NASA. Archived from 15852:. NASA. Archived from 15825:. NASA. Archived from 15731:"Why is the sky blue?" 15324:. NASA. Archived from 15213:. Tech Media Network. 15092:10.1098/rspa.2020.0776 15034:10.1098/rspa.2016.0404 14759:10.1098/rsta.1977.0159 13651:. NASA. Archived from 13227:U.S. Geological Survey 13214:Wilhelms, Don (1987). 13138:. 2010. Archived from 13098:Melosh, H. J. (1989). 12941:. NASA. Archived from 12289:Wlasuk, Peter (2000). 11554:. September 26, 2020. 11125:. NASA. Archived from 10832:10.1126/sciadv.aax0883 10781:10.1006/icar.2000.6573 10251:10.1098/rsta.1977.0094 10202:Spudis, P. D. (2004). 10080:"How big is the Moon?" 9416:on September 27, 2012. 8807:10.1126/sciadv.1602365 8003:10.1126/sciadv.aaz1334 7951:10.1006/icar.1999.6175 7466:10.1006/icar.2002.6937 7314:0.21078 square degrees 7099:There are a number of 7069:Coordinated Lunar Time 7008:International Moon Day 6933:" painting of 1884 by 6791:, from which possibly 6753:for a range of nations 6671:of ancient Greece and 6659:, the god of the Sun ( 6625:were associated with. 6389:Chinese lunar calendar 6251: 6208: 5952:The only instances of 5949: 5928:lunar habitat and base 5821: 5687:" of the 2019 crashed 5661: 5489: 5425:along with Chang'e 6. 5217:The U.S. launched the 5136: 5027:sample return missions 4887: 4803: 4692: 4678: 4655: 4646: 4601:(965–1039) found that 4526:influential philosophy 4481:Babylonian astronomers 4157: 4090: 4070: 3995:degree of illumination 3944: 3859: 3743: 3601:placed on the Moon by 3588:Earth's magnetic field 3564: 3533: 3414: 3370:Claimed moons of Earth 3303:Moon Mineralogy Mapper 3292: 3214:, resulting in slower 3183: 3151:Late Heavy Bombardment 3059: 3005:irregular mare patches 2988: 2832: 2745:is the giant far-side 2731:topography of the Moon 2726: 2706:List of lunar features 2608:peaks of eternal light 2560: 2399: 2366:Atmosphere of the Moon 2283:On average the Moon's 2280: 2180: 2044: 1949:were stronger. Due to 1938: 1935:Late Heavy Bombardment 1807: 1573: 1452:'month' (from earlier 1434:, which (like all its 1207:, with no significant 939:(during lunar daytime) 34:. For other uses, see 25178:Laniakea Supercluster 24795:Sample-return mission 23554: 22404:Biogeochemical cycles 22329:dependent territories 22083:Splitting of the Moon 21995:Memorials on the Moon 21599:Lunar sample displays 21281:Peak of eternal light 20411:Taylor, S.R. (1992). 20374:Spudis, P.D. (1996). 20294:John Wiley & Sons 20241:Jones, E. M. (2006). 20212:10.2138/rmg.2006.60.0 20112:. BBC World Service. 19930:Psychological Reports 19804:Open Lunar Foundation 19471:. Greenwood. p. 18718:– via SpaceRef. 18328:on September 30, 2006 17123:. December 20, 2020. 17034:. November 17, 2008. 16978:. February 26, 2007. 16976:European Space Agency 16731:. NASA SP-2000-4029. 16563:Zak, Anatoly (2009). 16377:Evans, James (1998). 15706:. November 11, 2020. 15146:Solar System Dynamics 13943:The Planetary Society 13136:European Space Agency 12979:10.1038/news.2011.456 12945:on September 17, 2008 12637:"Long Live the Moon!" 12423:Spudis, Paul (2016). 11962:10.1089/ast.2018.1952 11524:. September 8, 2005. 11264:Reviews of Geophysics 11117:Globus, Ruth (1977). 11020:. September 3, 2013. 10988:The Planetary Society 10790:on November 13, 2004. 10443:10.2138/rmg.2006.60.4 10053:The Planetary Society 9765:"Earth-Moon Dynamics" 8888:Stroud, Rick (2009). 8653:The Planetary Society 8617:Pannen, Imke (2010). 8591:Liddell, Henry George 8180:. February 28, 2004. 8097:10.2138/rmg.2006.60.2 7387:10.2138/rmg.2006.60.3 7153:Earth radius = (polar 6830:splitting of the Moon 6563:thereof or an aspect 6414:Further information: 6385:Harvest Moon Festival 6186: 6169:Further information: 5981:Lunar Micro Ecosystem 5917: 5815: 5806:Further information: 5741:to the Moon in 1998. 5656: 5456: 5415:infrared spectroscopy 5339:sample return mission 5178:European Space Agency 5134: 4904:Lunar Orbiter program 4869: 4777: 4635: 4516:'s (384–322 BC) 4203:reflective properties 4155: 4091: 4071: 3957:near side of the Moon 3930: 3857: 3734: 3614:spring and neap tides 3562: 3531: 3505:than to the planet's 3474:, the Moon has a 1:1 3404: 3280: 3178: 3127:stratigraphic horizon 3050: 3041:Further information: 2975: 2822: 2815:Volcanism on the Moon 2741:. Its most extensive 2739:stereo image analysis 2717: 2578:per day during lunar 2555: 2373: 2269: 2173: 2059:of the Solar System, 2034: 2025:Further information: 1932: 1804:near side of the Moon 1797: 1438:cognates) stems from 1157:planetary-mass object 1048:Composition by volume 56:Near side of the Moon 36:Moon (disambiguation) 25093:Astronomy portal 24994:Solar System objects 24740:Circumplanetary disk 23445:Planetary-mass moons 22452:Computer cartography 22185:Prebiotic atmosphere 20816:"HMNAO's Moon Watch" 20667:3D zoomable globes: 20263:"Exploring the Moon" 19720:"Imagining the Moon" 19693:The MIT Press Reader 18736:. January 12, 2021. 18619:. October 25, 2021. 18530:on December 22, 2009 18494:on December 22, 2009 18014:Smithsonian Magazine 17313:. January 19, 2024. 16794:on December 10, 2007 16654:on February 14, 2008 16385:. pp. 71, 386. 16211:. pp. 317–321. 15911:on February 23, 2010 15829:on February 11, 2007 15763:Espenak, F. (2000). 15700:"Colors of the Moon" 15357:The Press-Enterprise 15290:(October 18, 2002). 15245:. January 16, 2016. 14891:. February 1, 2011. 14531:10.1029/2010JC006645 13686:on February 22, 2007 13655:on December 13, 2012 12935:"Majestic Mountains" 12912:10.1029/2012GL051838 12866:10.1029/2010JE003736 12480:10.1029/2002JE001909 12409:10.1029/2023JE007867 11345:10.1029/2005JE002433 11295:10.1029/1999RG900005 11206:on February 20, 2009 10627:. December 9, 2013. 10575:10.1002/2017GL075441 10472:. pp. 281–306. 10059:on February 18, 2012 9897:10.1029/2002JE001985 8892:The Book of the Moon 8649:"The two-faced Moon" 8214:on December 16, 2008 7862:10.1364/AO.47.004981 7614:Top 10 of Everything 7612:Terry, Paul (2013). 7149:Earth albedo = 0.367 7117:Other moons of Earth 7101:near-Earth asteroids 7006:, became the annual 6905:science-fiction film 6810:, such as the Hindu 6379:is often called the 6317:uses the same word ( 6113:, have been raised. 6087:World Heritage Sites 5924:life-supporting suit 5840:, can be mixed with 5697:planetary protection 5625:Space sustainability 5576:, performing mainly 5544:DARPA lunar programs 5524:Human Landing System 5411:far side of the Moon 5312:, reached the Moon. 4890:Following President 4845:far side of the Moon 4780:far side of the Moon 4679:Mappa Selenographica 4538:Seleucus of Seleucia 4451: 1800–1600 BCE 4442:, Ireland, with the 4412:List of lunar probes 4080: 4001: 3974:and back once every 3580:synchronous rotation 3476:spin–orbit resonance 3430:orbital eccentricity 3407:far side of the Moon 3321:permanently shadowed 3267:neutron spectrometer 2991:In 2006, a study of 2944:pyroclastic deposits 2635:surface temperatures 2598:with respect to the 2049:planetary-mass moons 1800:far side of the Moon 1790:Circumplanetary disk 1371:Mare Tranquillitatis 25192:Observable universe 24989:Solar System models 24919:Protoplanetary disk 24842:Interstellar medium 24802:Frost/Ice/Snow line 22595:Geologic time scale 22316:Culture and society 22180:Atmosphere of Earth 21583:Lunar laser ranging 20822:on February 4, 2009 20440:Teague, K. (2006). 20332:. Tucson, Arizona: 20204:2006RvMG...60D...5J 20034:2008CBio...18.R784F 19865:Scientific American 19768:2019Natur.571..172S 19319:. August 30, 2022. 19299:1994QJRAS..35..425I 18836:2018NewSp...6..288T 18586:. January 1, 2006. 18276:2023AMT....16.1527G 18120:on November 6, 2015 17983:1985lbsa.conf..423B 17977:(in Finnish): 423. 16972:"SMART-1 factsheet" 16830:1994Sci...265..482D 16684:on February 9, 2008 16678:National Geographic 16429:Walter Eugene Clark 16340:1987NYASA.500....1A 16247:The Discarded Image 16217:2008ehst.book.....S 15887:1947PA.....55..200G 15856:on October 30, 2007 15640:10.1038/nature05303 15632:2006Natur.444..184S 15591:2006psrd.reptE.110T 15083:2021RSPSA.47700776M 15026:2016RSPSA.47260404S 14932:2016CeMDA.126...89W 14796:1995Sci...267..639L 14751:1977RSPTA.287..545L 14697:1972Moon....4..373L 14626:1994AJ....108.1943T 14522:2011JGRC..116.6025H 14346:The Washington Post 14298:2021NatAs...5..169H 14227:2021NatAs...5..121H 14149:Scientific American 14070:2011Sci...333..213H 14013:2010Sci...330..463C 13983:2010LPI....41.2335C 13949:on January 22, 2010 13896:2018PNAS..115.8907L 13839:2009Sci...326..568P 13789:10.1038/nature07047 13781:2008Natur.454..192S 13725:1998Sci...281.1496F 13719:(5382): 1496–1500. 13567:1975Sci...189..377W 13497:1999Sci...284.1658M 13491:(5420): 1658–1660. 13451:2019Icar..333..516C 13378:10.1038/nature19829 13370:2016Natur.538..215S 13313:2007Icar..186...11H 13276:2012Icar..220..254X 13059:2019Icar..329..182Q 13012:on January 30, 2013 12904:2012GeoRL..3911203C 12857:2011JGRE..116.0G09W 12750:2014NatGe...7..787B 12607:2000psrd.reptE..41T 12562:1998Sci...281.1484L 12556:(5382): 1484–1489. 12529:1996LPI....27..413G 12462:2003JGRE..108.5012W 12400:2024JGRE..12907867I 12369:1996LPI....27..383F 12226:2019NatGe..12..411W 12181:1997LPI....28.1259S 12142:1998psrd.reptE..20T 12089:1997GeoRL..24.1903P 12036:1994Sci...266.1848S 12030:(5192): 1848–1851. 12002:1998nvmi.conf...69S 11953:2019AsBio..19..730S 11906:1985Natur.313..121R 11762:2003psrd.reptE..73M 11647:2011CeMDA.109...85R 11455:10.1038/nature14479 11447:2015Natur.522..324H 11336:2005JGRE..110.9009L 11277:1999RvGeo..37..453S 11181:2008ApJ...687..692C 10962:1991JGR....96.9837H 10879:2009Sci...323..356G 10824:2020SciA....6..883M 10763:2001Icar..150....1K 10666:1968Sci...161..680M 10566:2018GeoRL..45...98E 10519:2006AdSpR..37...67W 10435:2006RvMG...60..365S 10384:2009NatGe...2..133N 10349:on October 15, 2015 10316:2011Sci...331..309W 10243:1977RSPTA.285..507R 10004:10.1038/nature13639 9996:2014Natur.512..181G 9888:2003JGRE..108.5065H 9808:2015Icar..256..138W 9712:2023Natur.623...95Y 9628:2022ApJ...937L..40K 9586:20.500.11850/117905 9520:2013Sci...342..183C 9483:1993JGR....98.5319T 9446:1985AREPS..13..201W 9402:Nield, Ted (2009). 9329:National Geographic 9294:10.1038/nature06428 9286:2007Natur.450.1206T 9280:(7173): 1206–1209. 9179:National Geographic 9136:2001Natur.412..708C 9088:2017NewA...54..115V 9053:on October 8, 2016. 8986:1987AREPS..15..271S 8949:1975Icar...24..256M 8854:1974Moon...11...53B 8799:2017SciA....3E2365B 8722:2019NatGe..12..696T 8507:(Online ed.). 8473:(Online ed.). 8419:(Online ed.). 8385:(Online ed.). 8142:2022Icar..37414768M 8089:2006RvMG...60...83L 7995:2020SciA....6.1334Z 7943:1999Icar..141..179V 7896:2010AIPC.1208...76B 7854:2008ApOpt..47.4981M 7769:2011CeMDA.109..101A 7715:1971Moon....2..293M 7565:1997JGR...102.1591S 7458:2002Icar..160....1M 7431:on January 1, 2016. 7379:2006RvMG...60..221W 6935:Stanisław Masłowski 6715:symbol of Byzantium 6648:(symbolized as the 6506:Crescent headgear, 6446:Nocturne (painting) 6350:lunisolar calendars 6276:Proto-Indo-European 6227:of lunar cycles as 6160:In culture and life 5970:cause health issues 5958:Apollo Lunar Module 5859:In April 1972, the 5826:infrared telescopes 5737:ashes of scientist 5645:Tourism on the Moon 5405:China launched the 5323:the Moon's far side 5088:, but also towards 4998:lunar laser ranging 4966:instrument stations 4609:(1031–1095) of the 4559:The Chinese of the 4134:astronomical seeing 3972:Tropic of Capricorn 3941:Earth–Moon distance 3937:Northern Hemisphere 3806:southern hemisphere 3802:northern hemisphere 3797:for months on end. 3746:The Moon's highest 3634:of water's movement 3014:, or more commonly 2965:erupted during the 2859:Oceanus Procellarum 2789:Sea of Tranquillity 2743:topographic feature 2723:Harrison H. Schmitt 2262:Gravitational field 2166:Geology of the Moon 2072:Pluto-Charon system 1987:erupted during the 1977:volcanically active 1925:Natural development 1896:its own magma ocean 1851:-sized body (named 1823:atmosphere of Earth 1709:'lunar mass' (also 1688:astronomical symbol 1634:. The element name 1447:Proto-Indo-European 1403:Names and etymology 1034:10 Pa (1 femtobar) 757:(spin-orbit locked) 511:(0.2731 of Earth's) 487:(0.2725 of Earth's) 463:(0.2727 of Earth's) 45: 25172:Virgo Supercluster 25153:Milky Way subgroup 24984:Natural satellites 24867:Nebular hypothesis 24847:Interstellar space 24837:Interstellar cloud 24745:Circumstellar disc 24335:Near-Earth objects 24219:names and meanings 23556: 23425:Discovery timeline 22759:Natural satellites 22590:Geological history 22464:Geodetic astronomy 21732:Lunisolar calendar 21401:Lunar basalt 70017 21148:Tidal acceleration 21003:Perigee and apogee 20893:Internal structure 20786:on August 20, 2007 20692:World Wind Central 20085:The New York Times 19975:Skeptical Inquirer 19833:. United Nations. 19806:. March 22, 2022. 19725:The New York Times 19173:A Latin Dictionary 19011:10.1007/BF01117083 17064:on January 1, 2012 17028:"Mission Sequence" 16296:The New York Times 15554:. March 19, 2011. 15498:. March 23, 2016. 15470:10.1007/BF00645172 15423:: Misconceptions. 15184:. pp. 79–81. 15174:Dickinson, Terence 15121:. April 12, 2016. 15077:(2246): 20200776. 15020:(2196): 20160404. 14705:10.1007/BF00562004 14379:The New York Times 12292:Observing the Moon 12268:The Indian Express 11518:"Radioactive Moon" 10401:20.500.11937/44375 10142:Astronomy Magazine 9666:The New York Times 8862:10.1007/BF01877794 8655:. March 14, 2022. 8539:. Merriam-Webster. 8451:. Merriam-Webster. 7723:10.1007/BF00561882 7288:apparent magnitude 7277:, 1961, at p.107). 7260:, 1961, at p.107). 7203:order of magnitude 7157:radius) = 6 367 km 6993:Whitey on the Moon 6939:Sukiennice Gallery 6910:A Trip to the Moon 6881:'s 1889 painting, 6795:is derived, or of 6789:Mayan Moon goddess 6787:the aspect of the 6779:(e.g. the Chinese 6538:Mayan moon goddess 6416:Cultural astronomy 6352:. The 7th-century 6301:the English words 6209: 6175:Lunisolar calendar 6140:and the China-led 6136:, with the US-led 6036:Outer Space Treaty 5950: 5904:Living on the Moon 5822: 5723:indigenous peoples 5662: 5490: 5417:of lunar surface. 5390:in the 1960s, and 5137: 4888: 4875:, the first color 4804: 4778:First view of the 4715:lunar stratigraphy 4711:Grove Karl Gilbert 4647: 4556:for the distance. 4497:Chinese astronomer 4493:Indian astronomers 4420:from up to 40,000 4394:Before spaceflight 4158: 4105:orbit around Earth 4086: 4066: 3945: 3933:phases of the Moon 3860: 3744: 3666:tidal acceleration 3565: 3547:Tidal acceleration 3534: 3415: 3293: 3184: 3060: 2989: 2952:non-basaltic domes 2932:geologic provinces 2833: 2727: 2564:Ionizing radiation 2561: 2548:Surface conditions 2400: 2384:lunar horizon glow 2281: 2276:gravitational pull 2181: 2083:Mainland Australia 2045: 1951:tidal acceleration 1939: 1808: 1782:Origin of the Moon 1391:crew. Since then, 1363:orbital insertions 1351:intentional impact 1286:. The Moon is the 946:Apparent magnitude 728:synodic; solar day 568:(0.074 of Earth's) 43: 25214: 25213: 25059: 25058: 25055: 25054: 25032:Lagrangian points 25004:by discovery date 24602:Human spaceflight 24573:historical models 24466: 24465: 24091:S/2015 (136472) 1 23473: 23472: 23273: 22725: 22724: 22676:Planetary science 22659:Natural satellite 22580:Extremes on Earth 22547:Signal processing 22112: 22111: 22062:Natural satellite 21521:Lunar magma ocean 21297:Volcanic features 20773:Observation tools 20519:978-0-8165-1065-8 20432:978-0-521-37212-1 20391:978-1-56098-634-8 20342:978-0-304-35469-6 20303:978-0-471-15057-2 20221:978-0-939950-72-0 20148:978-0-521-81528-4 20028:(17): R784–R794. 19762:(7764): 172–173. 19546:978-0-89236-942-3 19519:978-1-4286-5544-7 19482:978-0-313-29497-6 19434:978-0-7141-1705-8 19388:978-1-134-28424-5 19375:Hart, G. (2005). 19264:Harper, Douglas. 19243:Harper, Douglas. 19229:978-0-19-928791-8 19084:978-0-226-98165-9 19057:978-1-85702-721-1 18213:on March 23, 2011 17903:. July 15, 2013. 17798:SpaceWatch.Global 17673:. June 11, 2021. 17215:. June 29, 2020. 16824:(5171): 482–490. 16720:978-0-16-050631-4 16392:978-0-19-509539-5 16298:. July 31, 2008. 16266:978-0-521-47735-2 16226:978-1-4020-4559-2 16126:978-0-521-05801-8 15878:Popular Astronomy 15626:(7116): 184–186. 15398:978-0-8058-0121-7 15385:The Moon illusion 15364:on March 22, 2011 15322:"Super Full Moon" 15191:978-0-921820-71-0 15159:978-0-521-57295-8 14989:on March 27, 2010 14790:(5198): 639–642. 14745:(1347): 545–594. 14577:978-3-7643-5866-2 14064:(1126): 213–215. 14007:(6003): 463–468. 13890:(36): 8907–8912. 13833:(5952): 568–572. 13775:(7201): 192–195. 13676:"Ice on the Moon" 13621:978-0-387-09746-6 13561:(4200): 377–379. 13364:(7624): 215–218. 13184:(11): 1551–1578. 13142:on March 17, 2012 13113:978-0-19-504284-9 12737:Nature Geoscience 12306:978-1-85233-193-1 12214:Nature Geoscience 12097:10.1029/97GL01718 12083:(15): 1903–1906. 11900:(5998): 121–124. 11864:978-0-521-33444-0 11441:(7556): 324–326. 11400:(June 17, 2015). 10970:10.1029/91JB00308 10956:(B6): 9837–9846. 10873:(5912): 356–359. 10713:(6129): 138–139. 10660:(3842): 680–684. 10479:978-0-521-81808-7 10371:Nature Geoscience 10310:(6015): 309–312. 10237:(1327): 507–516. 10167:rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov 9990:(7513): 181–184. 9952:. July 14, 2006. 9514:(6155): 183–185. 9491:10.1029/92JE02726 9477:(E3): 5319–5333. 9336:on April 9, 2015. 9186:on April 18, 2009 9130:(6848): 708–712. 8907:978-0-8027-1734-4 8710:Nature Geoscience 8630:978-3-89971-640-5 8515:(Subscription or 8481:(Subscription or 8427:(Subscription or 8393:(Subscription or 8360:978-3-319-20636-3 8334:978-0-06-270084-1 7904:10.1063/1.3326291 7848:(27): 4981–4993. 7647:(10): 1077–1080. 7623:978-0-600-62887-3 7573:10.1029/96JE02940 7520:"Moon Fact Sheet" 7316:on the night sky. 7075:Explanatory notes 6759:Other association 6727:Marian veneration 6684:star and crescent 6540:, 6th–9th century 6518:, 2nd–5th century 6213:the Moon's phases 6056:human spaceflight 6025:Apollo astronauts 6019:on the Moon, and 5872:Earth observation 5685:Tardigrade affair 5649:Space archaeology 5583:Lunar orbits and 5578:lunar observation 5287: 5208:Moon Impact Probe 5108:and particularly 4885:astronomical body 4698:trigonometrically 4591:mentioned in his 4430:the Moon's phases 4201:, because of the 4089:{\displaystyle e} 3795:below the horizon 3727:Lunar observation 3515:gradually rotates 3385:Orbit of the Moon 3358:Earth–Moon system 3234:photodissociation 3222:Presence of water 3140:secondary craters 3131:multi-ring basins 3076:multi-ring basins 2997:Lacus Felicitatis 2897:Schroter's Valley 2809:Volcanic features 2776:The discovery of 2629:depending on the 2612:Moon's north pole 2572:neutron radiation 2539:Omicron Centaurid 2464:radioactive decay 2339:of less than 0.2 2151: 2065:minor-planet moon 2041:subsurface oceans 2039:, several having 1819:centrifugal force 1756:outside the dark 1748: 1702:, for example in 1397:planned to return 1225:Earth's formation 1153:geophysical terms 1110:natural satellite 1098: 1097: 903: 902: 732:spin-orbit locked 589:(0.02 of Earth's) 429:Satellite of 85:Alternative names 32:Natural satellite 16:(Redirected from 25334: 25279: 25278: 25277: 25267: 25266: 25265: 25255: 25254: 25243: 25242: 25241: 25231: 25230: 25229: 25222: 25208: 25206: 25197: 25190: 25183: 25176: 25170: 25164: 25158: 25151: 25144: 25137: 25130: 25123: 25116: 25103: 25102: 25101: 25091: 25090: 25089: 25079: 25078: 25077: 24780:Exozodiacal dust 24470: 24469: 24436:Detached objects 23678: 23677: 23674: 23673: 23518: 23500: 23493: 23486: 23477: 23476: 23268: 23247: 23235: 23221: 23207: 23190: 23178: 23171: 23152: 23138: 23124: 23089: 23075: 23061: 23056: 23034: 23029: 23017: 23010: 22996: 22982: 22965: 22948: 22938: 22929: 22915: 22831: 22825: 22819: 22752: 22745: 22738: 22729: 22728: 22715: 22714: 22607:History of Earth 22258:Paleoclimatology 22139: 22132: 22125: 22116: 22115: 22105: 22101: 22100: 22085: 22078: 22071: 22064: 22057: 22048: 22041: 22032: 22025: 22018: 22011: 22004: 21997: 21990: 21983: 21974: 21967: 21960: 21953: 21946: 21939: 21932: 21914: 21907: 21905:Meridian passage 21900: 21882: 21875: 21868: 21861: 21854: 21847: 21840: 21833: 21824: 21817: 21810: 21787: 21780: 21773: 21766: 21755: 21748: 21741: 21734: 21727: 21704: 21697: 21688: 21681: 21674: 21667: 21658: 21651: 21644: 21624: 21622:Lunar seismology 21615: 21608: 21601: 21592: 21585: 21578: 21571: 21564: 21557: 21555:Lunar meteorites 21548: 21541: 21534: 21523: 21516: 21509: 21502: 21495: 21488: 21481: 21463: 21456: 21449: 21440: 21433: 21426: 21424:Space weathering 21419: 21410: 21403: 21396: 21389: 21382: 21373: 21366: 21357: 21350: 21343: 21336: 21329: 21320: 21313: 21306: 21299: 21292: 21283: 21276: 21267: 21260: 21249: 21242: 21235: 21228: 21221: 21214: 21207: 21202: 21195: 21188: 21166: 21157: 21150: 21143: 21136: 21129: 21120: 21111: 21104: 21097: 21088: 21081: 21074: 21067: 21060: 21053: 21046: 21037: 21028: 21021: 21014: 21005: 20998: 20991: 20989:Orbital elements 20984: 20966: 20953: 20946: 20939: 20932: 20923: 20916: 20909: 20902: 20895: 20860: 20853: 20846: 20837: 20836: 20831: 20829: 20827: 20811: 20809: 20807: 20795: 20793: 20791: 20730: 20728: 20726: 20717:. Archived from 20703: 20701: 20699: 20683: 20681: 20679: 20664: 20662: 20660: 20655:on April 7, 2007 20634: 20632: 20630: 20579: 20568: 20535: 20533: 20531: 20507: 20496: 20494: 20492: 20482: 20457: 20455: 20453: 20436: 20407: 20405: 20403: 20370: 20368: 20366: 20346: 20319: 20317: 20315: 20282: 20280: 20278: 20258: 20256: 20254: 20237: 20235: 20233: 20179: 20177: 20175: 20152: 20125: 20123: 20121: 20101: 20099: 20097: 20064: 20063: 20045: 20011: 20005: 19983: 19969: 19963: 19962: 19924: 19918: 19917: 19887: 19881: 19880: 19878: 19876: 19856: 19847: 19846: 19844: 19842: 19826: 19820: 19819: 19817: 19815: 19796: 19790: 19789: 19779: 19747: 19741: 19740: 19738: 19736: 19727:. July 9, 2019. 19722: 19715: 19709: 19708: 19706: 19704: 19685: 19679: 19670: 19664: 19663: 19661: 19659: 19623: 19617: 19616: 19614: 19612: 19592: 19586: 19569: 19563: 19562: 19560: 19558: 19530: 19524: 19523: 19505: 19499: 19498: 19496: 19494: 19462: 19451: 19450: 19448: 19446: 19418: 19405: 19404: 19402: 19400: 19372: 19366: 19365: 19363: 19361: 19352:. May 20, 1987. 19342: 19333: 19332: 19330: 19328: 19309: 19303: 19302: 19282: 19276: 19275: 19261: 19255: 19254: 19240: 19234: 19233: 19211: 19205: 19194: 19193: 19187: 19181: 19165: 19159: 19158: 19156: 19154: 19136: 19130: 19129: 19127: 19125: 19107: 19101: 19100: 19098: 19096: 19068: 19062: 19061: 19037: 19031: 19030: 18994: 18988: 18987: 18985: 18983: 18963: 18957: 18956: 18954: 18952: 18916: 18910: 18909: 18907: 18905: 18885: 18876: 18875: 18873: 18871: 18815: 18809: 18808: 18806: 18804: 18789: 18780: 18779: 18777: 18775: 18764:For All Moonkind 18756: 18750: 18749: 18747: 18745: 18726: 18720: 18719: 18717: 18715: 18700: 18694: 18693: 18691: 18689: 18669: 18663: 18662: 18660: 18658: 18639: 18633: 18632: 18630: 18628: 18617:The Space Review 18609: 18600: 18599: 18597: 18595: 18576: 18570: 18569: 18567: 18565: 18546: 18540: 18539: 18537: 18535: 18529: 18518: 18510: 18504: 18503: 18501: 18499: 18493: 18482: 18474: 18468: 18467: 18465: 18463: 18444: 18438: 18437: 18435: 18433: 18414: 18405: 18404: 18402: 18400: 18380: 18374: 18373: 18371: 18369: 18347: 18338: 18337: 18335: 18333: 18327: 18320: 18312: 18306: 18305: 18287: 18255: 18249: 18248: 18246: 18244: 18235:. Lpi.usra.edu. 18229: 18223: 18222: 18220: 18218: 18198: 18192: 18191: 18189: 18187: 18167: 18161: 18160: 18158: 18156: 18136: 18130: 18129: 18127: 18125: 18116:. Archived from 18105: 18099: 18098: 18096: 18094: 18072: 18066: 18065: 18059: 18051: 18049: 18047: 18036: 18030: 18029: 18027: 18025: 18005: 17999: 17998: 17996: 17994: 17966: 17960: 17959: 17923: 17917: 17916: 17914: 17912: 17893: 17884: 17883: 17881: 17879: 17859: 17853: 17852: 17850: 17848: 17830: 17819: 17813: 17811: 17809: 17789: 17783: 17782: 17780: 17778: 17758: 17752: 17751: 17749: 17747: 17727: 17721: 17720: 17718: 17716: 17696: 17687: 17686: 17684: 17682: 17663: 17657: 17656: 17654: 17652: 17632: 17626: 17625: 17623: 17621: 17601: 17595: 17594: 17592: 17590: 17570: 17564: 17563: 17561: 17559: 17537: 17531: 17530: 17528: 17526: 17507: 17501: 17500: 17498: 17496: 17487:. May 15, 2019. 17477: 17471: 17470: 17468: 17466: 17444: 17438: 17437: 17435: 17433: 17413: 17407: 17406: 17390: 17384: 17383: 17381: 17379: 17364: 17358: 17357: 17355: 17353: 17333: 17327: 17326: 17324: 17322: 17303: 17297: 17296: 17294: 17292: 17273: 17262: 17261: 17259: 17257: 17248:. June 2, 2021. 17238: 17229: 17228: 17226: 17224: 17213:The Space Review 17205: 17194: 17193: 17191: 17189: 17169: 17163: 17162: 17160: 17158: 17143: 17137: 17136: 17134: 17132: 17111: 17105: 17104: 17102: 17100: 17080: 17074: 17073: 17071: 17069: 17054: 17048: 17047: 17045: 17043: 17024: 17018: 17017: 17015: 17013: 16998: 16992: 16991: 16989: 16987: 16968: 16962: 16961: 16959: 16957: 16942: 16936: 16935: 16933: 16931: 16916: 16910: 16909: 16907: 16905: 16900:on June 14, 2011 16894:"Hiten-Hagomoro" 16890: 16884: 16883: 16881: 16879: 16864: 16858: 16857: 16810: 16804: 16803: 16801: 16799: 16783: 16777: 16776: 16774: 16772: 16766: 16759: 16751: 16745: 16744: 16742: 16740: 16700: 16694: 16693: 16691: 16689: 16680:. Archived from 16670: 16664: 16663: 16661: 16659: 16644: 16638: 16637: 16635: 16633: 16617: 16611: 16610: 16608: 16606: 16587: 16581: 16580: 16578: 16576: 16560: 16554: 16553: 16551: 16549: 16529: 16523: 16522: 16484: 16478: 16477: 16475: 16473: 16468:on June 23, 2004 16457: 16451: 16450: 16438: 16432: 16427:, translated by 16416: 16410: 16403: 16397: 16396: 16374: 16368: 16367: 16318: 16312: 16311: 16309: 16307: 16289: 16283: 16282: 16280: 16278: 16250: 16237: 16231: 16230: 16193: 16187: 16186: 16154:Neugebauer, Otto 16149: 16143: 16142: 16140: 16138: 16110: 16097: 16096: 16094: 16092: 16072: 16066: 16065: 16063: 16061: 16046: 16037: 16036: 16034: 16032: 16027:on March 5, 2012 16017: 16011: 16010: 16008: 16006: 15991: 15985: 15984: 15964: 15955: 15954: 15952: 15950: 15930: 15921: 15920: 15918: 15916: 15907:. Archived from 15897: 15891: 15890: 15872: 15866: 15865: 15863: 15861: 15845: 15839: 15838: 15836: 15834: 15818: 15812: 15811: 15809: 15807: 15787: 15781: 15780: 15778: 15776: 15760: 15754: 15753: 15748: 15746: 15726: 15720: 15719: 15717: 15715: 15696: 15687: 15686: 15684: 15682: 15666: 15660: 15659: 15613: 15607: 15606: 15604: 15602: 15597:on March 4, 2007 15593:. Archived from 15574: 15568: 15567: 15565: 15563: 15544: 15538: 15537: 15535: 15533: 15518: 15512: 15511: 15509: 15507: 15488: 15482: 15481: 15443: 15437: 15436: 15434: 15432: 15409: 15403: 15402: 15380: 15374: 15373: 15371: 15369: 15360:. Archived from 15347: 15338: 15337: 15335: 15333: 15317: 15308: 15307: 15305: 15303: 15284: 15278: 15277: 15275: 15273: 15257: 15251: 15250: 15233: 15227: 15226: 15224: 15222: 15202: 15196: 15195: 15170: 15164: 15163: 15141: 15135: 15134: 15132: 15130: 15111: 15105: 15104: 15094: 15062: 15056: 15055: 15045: 15005: 14999: 14998: 14996: 14994: 14978: 14972: 14971: 14969: 14967: 14911: 14905: 14904: 14902: 14900: 14881: 14875: 14874: 14864: 14830: 14824: 14823: 14777: 14771: 14770: 14732: 14717: 14716: 14691:(3–4): 373–382. 14678: 14672: 14671: 14669: 14667: 14654:BBC Sky at Night 14644: 14638: 14637: 14620:(5): 1943–1961. 14607: 14594: 14593: 14591: 14589: 14557: 14551: 14550: 14548: 14546: 14540: 14533: 14507: 14498: 14492: 14491: 14489: 14487: 14467: 14458: 14457: 14455: 14453: 14433: 14427: 14426: 14424: 14422: 14402: 14396: 14395: 14393: 14391: 14369: 14363: 14362: 14360: 14358: 14336: 14330: 14329: 14327: 14325: 14291: 14275:Nature Astronomy 14265: 14259: 14258: 14256: 14254: 14214:Nature Astronomy 14204: 14198: 14197: 14195: 14193: 14174: 14165: 14164: 14162: 14160: 14143:David, Leonard. 14140: 14134: 14133: 14131: 14129: 14109: 14100: 14099: 14081: 14047: 14041: 14040: 13993: 13987: 13986: 13965: 13959: 13958: 13956: 13954: 13945:. Archived from 13934: 13928: 13927: 13917: 13907: 13875: 13869: 13868: 13850: 13815: 13809: 13808: 13761: 13755: 13754: 13736: 13702: 13696: 13695: 13693: 13691: 13682:. Archived from 13680:The Space Review 13671: 13665: 13664: 13662: 13660: 13644: 13638: 13637: 13635: 13633: 13601: 13595: 13594: 13548: 13542: 13541: 13539: 13537: 13531: 13508: 13480: 13471: 13465: 13464: 13462: 13430: 13424: 13423: 13421: 13419: 13404: 13398: 13397: 13350: 13344: 13343: 13334:Boyle, Rebecca. 13331: 13325: 13324: 13294: 13288: 13287: 13261: 13252: 13246: 13245: 13243: 13241: 13236:on June 11, 2010 13235: 13229:. Archived from 13220: 13211: 13202: 13201: 13169: 13163: 13158: 13152: 13151: 13149: 13147: 13124: 13118: 13117: 13095: 13089: 13088: 13078: 13052: 13028: 13022: 13021: 13019: 13017: 13002: 12996: 12995: 12993: 12991: 12981: 12961: 12955: 12954: 12952: 12950: 12930: 12924: 12923: 12885: 12879: 12878: 12868: 12834: 12828: 12827: 12805: 12799: 12798: 12768: 12762: 12761: 12758:10.1038/ngeo2252 12731: 12725: 12724: 12706: 12700: 12699: 12688: 12682: 12681: 12665: 12659: 12658: 12656: 12654: 12632: 12623: 12622: 12620: 12618: 12590: 12584: 12583: 12573: 12539: 12533: 12532: 12510: 12504: 12503: 12501: 12499: 12473: 12439: 12433: 12432: 12420: 12414: 12413: 12411: 12379: 12373: 12372: 12348: 12342: 12341: 12339: 12337: 12317: 12311: 12310: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12277: 12275: 12260: 12254: 12253: 12209: 12203: 12202: 12191: 12185: 12184: 12164: 12158: 12157: 12155: 12153: 12125: 12119: 12118: 12108: 12106:2060/19980018038 12070: 12064: 12063: 12017: 12006: 12005: 11989: 11983: 11982: 11964: 11932: 11926: 11925: 11914:10.1038/313121a0 11887: 11881: 11880: 11878: 11876: 11840: 11834: 11833: 11831: 11829: 11824:on March 8, 2010 11814: 11808: 11807: 11805: 11803: 11798:on March 7, 2010 11784: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11773: 11768:on March 1, 2012 11764:. Archived from 11745: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11731: 11711: 11702: 11701: 11685: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11674: 11626: 11620: 11619: 11617: 11615: 11595: 11589: 11588: 11586: 11574: 11568: 11567: 11565: 11563: 11544: 11538: 11537: 11535: 11533: 11514: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11503: 11497: 11490: 11481: 11475: 11474: 11428: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11412:on June 19, 2015 11408:. Archived from 11394: 11388: 11387: 11356: 11350: 11349: 11347: 11313: 11307: 11306: 11288: 11258: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11242: 11222: 11216: 11215: 11213: 11211: 11205: 11199:. Archived from 11174: 11154: 11145: 11139: 11138: 11136: 11134: 11114: 11108: 11107: 11105: 11103: 11083: 11077: 11076: 11074: 11072: 11040: 11034: 11033: 11031: 11029: 11010: 11004: 11003: 11001: 10999: 10980: 10974: 10973: 10943: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10921:Lunar Prospector 10913: 10907: 10906: 10860: 10854: 10853: 10843: 10812:Science Advances 10803: 10792: 10791: 10789: 10783:. Archived from 10774: 10746: 10737: 10731: 10730: 10700: 10694: 10693: 10647: 10641: 10640: 10638: 10636: 10617: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10606: 10586: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10545: 10539: 10538: 10512: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10461: 10455: 10454: 10415: 10406: 10405: 10403: 10365: 10359: 10358: 10356: 10354: 10348: 10342:. Archived from 10301: 10292: 10286: 10285: 10269: 10263: 10262: 10226: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10199: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10159: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10133: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10122: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10091: 10075: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10055:. Archived from 10045: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10028: 9981: 9972: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9961: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9921: 9910: 9909: 9899: 9865: 9854: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9829: 9820: 9819: 9791: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9761: 9752: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9656: 9650: 9649: 9639: 9621: 9597: 9591: 9590: 9588: 9578: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9464: 9458: 9457: 9427: 9418: 9417: 9399: 9393: 9392: 9366: 9357:(3–4): 438–449. 9344: 9338: 9337: 9320: 9314: 9313: 9267: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9256: 9251:on July 27, 2018 9250: 9244:. Archived from 9211: 9202: 9196: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9170: 9164: 9163: 9144:10.1038/35089010 9114: 9108: 9107: 9081: 9061: 9055: 9054: 9043: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9032: 9012: 9006: 9005: 8967: 8961: 8960: 8930: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8895: 8885: 8874: 8873: 8835: 8829: 8828: 8818: 8787:Science Advances 8778: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8767: 8748: 8742: 8741: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8645: 8639: 8638: 8614: 8608: 8587: 8586: 8580: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8547: 8541: 8540: 8527: 8521: 8520: 8512: 8500: 8493: 8487: 8486: 8478: 8466: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8424: 8412: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8390: 8378: 8371: 8365: 8364: 8345: 8339: 8338: 8316: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8230: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8219: 8210:. Archived from 8200: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8168: 8162: 8161: 8135: 8110: 8101: 8100: 8069: 8058: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8014: 7983:Science Advances 7974: 7963: 7962: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7913:2060/20100009810 7883: 7874: 7873: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7818: 7811: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7794:on March 4, 2016 7793: 7787:. Archived from 7754: 7744: 7735: 7734: 7698: 7692: 7674: 7665: 7664: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7584: 7582:2060/19980018849 7546: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7515: 7488: 7487: 7477: 7439: 7433: 7432: 7427:. Archived from 7408: 7399: 7398: 7359: 7317: 7315: 7310: 7304: 7297: 7291: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7267: 7261: 7255: 7251: 7246: 7240: 7237: 7231: 7216: 7210: 7192: 7188: 7183: 7177: 7166: 7160: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7126: 7120: 7113:quasi-satellites 7097: 7091: 7085: 6962:modern astronomy 6926: 6896: 6884:The Starry Night 6879:Vincent van Gogh 6874: 6839: 6749:Islamic calendar 6739:symbol for Islam 6606: 6605: 6529: 6503: 6491: 6488: 6474: 6457:Recurring lunar 6420:Archaeoastronomy 6354:Islamic calendar 6344: 6343: 6324: 6323: 6315:Chinese language 6273: 6272: 6263: 6262: 6254: 6201:menstrual cycles 6189:Venus of Laussel 6098:Rights of Nature 6072: 6052:Moon's resources 5977:Chang'e 4 lander 5939:Tranquility Base 5910:Lunar habitation 5899: 5850:zenith telescope 5842:carbon nanotubes 5830:radio telescopes 5761:Fallen Astronaut 5739:Eugene Shoemaker 5367:and the ESA-led 5288: 5285: 5282: 5169:Lunar Prospector 5106:space telescopes 4962:separate samples 4947:Apollo TV camera 4908:Surveyor program 4863:, both in 1966. 4788:Mare Moscoviense 4759:into space. The 4695: 4681: 4660: 4657:Sidereus Nuncius 4642:Sidereus Nuncius 4581:wrote the novel 4535: 4508: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4468: 4452: 4449: 4301: 4281: 4188:. Additionally, 4182:opposition surge 4148:Albedo and color 4095: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4075: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4059: 4045: 4044: 4029: 3968:Tropic of Cancer 3943:is not to scale. 3901:Lunar Prospector 3829:angular diameter 3793:when the Sun is 3658:angular momentum 3648:System evolution 3520: 3517:once every 18.61 3507:equatorial plane 3488:rotation periods 3419:satellite system 3411:DSCOVR satellite 3271:Lunar Prospector 3246:lunar habitation 3216:space weathering 3064:impact cratering 2936:shield volcanoes 2827:(blue) and some 2803: 2692:Surface features 2631:solar irradiance 2628: 2624: 2402:The Moon has an 2388:crepuscular rays 2307: 2300: 2293: 2218:mantle from the 2149: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2135: 2133: 2093:(which excludes 1905: 1876: 1838:angular momentum 1746: 1701: 1695: 1625: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1576: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1433: 1425:is derived from 1373:with the lander 1296:angular diameter 1260:ray-like streaks 1161:satellite planet 1155:, the Moon is a 1118:average distance 1037: 1030: 990:Angular diameter 960: 854: 853: 831:North pole 819: 810: 805:North pole 769: 756: 753: 751: 724: 722: 704: 703: 697: 696: 677: 675: 636: 632: 613: 608: 605: 603: 587: 584: 582: 566: 563: 561: 540: 537: 535: 523: 509: 506: 504: 485: 482: 480: 461: 458: 456: 374: 353: 351: 331: 326: 309: 296: 291: 285: 278: 275: 273: 256: 255: 249: 248: 240: 239: 224: 223: 217: 216: 208: 207: 176: 170: 153: 145: 137: 111: 103: 60:lunar north pole 53: 46: 42: 21: 25342: 25341: 25337: 25336: 25335: 25333: 25332: 25331: 25287: 25286: 25285: 25275: 25273: 25263: 25261: 25249: 25239: 25237: 25227: 25225: 25217: 25215: 25210: 25204: 25202: 25201: 25195: 25188: 25181: 25174: 25168: 25162: 25156: 25149: 25142: 25135: 25128: 25121: 25114: 25099: 25097: 25087: 25085: 25075: 25073: 25060: 25051: 25015: 24952: 24936:vs. Hill sphere 24862:Molecular cloud 24790:Sample curation 24770:Detached object 24709: 24702: 24546: 24538: 24475: 24462: 24407:Neptune trojans 24190: 24188: 24186: 24179: 24121: 23814: 23685: 23667: 23553: 23516: 23509: 23504: 23474: 23469: 23435:Irregular moons 23416: 23256: 23250: 23245: 23240: 23231: 23217: 23203: 23188: 23183: 23174: 23167: 23148: 23134: 23120: 23112:Jupiter trojans 23085: 23071: 23059: 23054: 23032: 23027: 23013: 23006: 22992: 22980: 22961: 22946: 22941: 22934: 22925: 22911: 22890: 22883: 22839: 22832: 22826: 22820: 22811: 22772: 22765: 22756: 22726: 22721: 22703: 22670: 22654: 22611: 22602:Geologic record 22556: 22542:Plate tectonics 22532:Mineral physics 22512:Earth structure 22498: 22433: 22380: 22310: 22262: 22219: 22166: 22148: 22143: 22113: 22108: 22096: 22088: 22081: 22074: 22067: 22060: 22051: 22044: 22037: 22028: 22021: 22014: 22007: 22000: 21993: 21986: 21979: 21970: 21965:Man in the Moon 21963: 21956: 21949: 21942: 21935: 21928: 21917: 21910: 21903: 21896: 21890:Daily phenomena 21885: 21878: 21871: 21864: 21857: 21850: 21843: 21838:Super and micro 21836: 21829: 21820: 21813: 21806: 21799: 21790: 21783: 21776: 21769: 21762: 21751: 21744: 21737: 21730: 21723: 21713: 21707: 21702:Lunar resources 21700: 21693: 21684: 21677: 21670: 21663: 21654: 21647: 21640: 21627: 21620: 21611: 21604: 21597: 21588: 21581: 21576: 21567: 21560: 21553: 21544: 21537: 21530: 21519: 21512: 21505: 21498: 21491: 21484: 21477: 21466: 21459: 21452: 21445: 21436: 21429: 21422: 21415: 21406: 21399: 21392: 21385: 21378: 21369: 21362: 21353: 21346: 21339: 21332: 21325: 21316: 21309: 21302: 21295: 21288: 21279: 21272: 21263: 21256: 21245: 21238: 21231: 21226: 21217: 21210: 21205: 21198: 21191: 21184: 21175: 21169: 21162: 21153: 21146: 21139: 21132: 21125: 21116: 21107: 21100: 21093: 21084: 21077: 21070: 21063: 21056: 21049: 21042: 21033: 21024: 21017: 21010: 21001: 20994: 20987: 20980: 20967: 20958: 20949: 20942: 20935: 20928: 20919: 20912: 20905: 20898: 20891: 20884: 20878: 20869: 20864: 20825: 20823: 20814: 20805: 20803: 20798: 20789: 20787: 20778: 20775: 20766:Wayback Machine 20752:Wayback Machine 20738:Kaguya (Selene) 20724: 20722: 20721:on May 29, 2015 20709:Aeschliman, R. 20697: 20695: 20686: 20677: 20675: 20670: 20658: 20656: 20643: 20628: 20626: 20618: 20591: 20577: 20566: 20543: 20538: 20529: 20527: 20520: 20490: 20488: 20451: 20449: 20433: 20401: 20399: 20392: 20364: 20362: 20351:"Moon Articles" 20349: 20343: 20313: 20311: 20304: 20292:. Hoboken, NJ: 20276: 20274: 20261: 20252: 20250: 20231: 20229: 20222: 20173: 20171: 20149: 20119: 20117: 20104: 20095: 20093: 20073: 20071:Further reading 20068: 20067: 20021:Current Biology 20012: 20008: 19970: 19966: 19925: 19921: 19888: 19884: 19874: 19872: 19857: 19850: 19840: 19838: 19827: 19823: 19813: 19811: 19798: 19797: 19793: 19748: 19744: 19734: 19732: 19717: 19716: 19712: 19702: 19700: 19687: 19686: 19682: 19671: 19667: 19657: 19655: 19624: 19620: 19610: 19608: 19593: 19589: 19570: 19566: 19556: 19554: 19547: 19531: 19527: 19520: 19506: 19502: 19492: 19490: 19483: 19463: 19454: 19444: 19442: 19435: 19419: 19408: 19398: 19396: 19389: 19373: 19369: 19359: 19357: 19346:"Cylinder vase" 19344: 19343: 19336: 19326: 19324: 19311: 19310: 19306: 19283: 19279: 19262: 19258: 19241: 19237: 19230: 19212: 19208: 19188: 19184: 19178:Perseus Project 19166: 19162: 19152: 19150: 19137: 19133: 19123: 19121: 19108: 19104: 19094: 19092: 19085: 19069: 19065: 19058: 19038: 19034: 18995: 18991: 18981: 18979: 18964: 18960: 18950: 18948: 18933: 18917: 18913: 18903: 18901: 18886: 18879: 18869: 18867: 18816: 18812: 18802: 18800: 18791: 18790: 18783: 18773: 18771: 18758: 18757: 18753: 18743: 18741: 18728: 18727: 18723: 18713: 18711: 18702: 18701: 18697: 18687: 18685: 18670: 18666: 18656: 18654: 18641: 18640: 18636: 18626: 18624: 18611: 18610: 18603: 18593: 18591: 18578: 18577: 18573: 18563: 18561: 18548: 18547: 18543: 18533: 18531: 18527: 18516: 18512: 18511: 18507: 18497: 18495: 18491: 18480: 18476: 18475: 18471: 18461: 18459: 18446: 18445: 18441: 18431: 18429: 18416: 18415: 18408: 18398: 18396: 18381: 18377: 18367: 18365: 18348: 18341: 18331: 18329: 18325: 18318: 18314: 18313: 18309: 18256: 18252: 18242: 18240: 18231: 18230: 18226: 18216: 18214: 18199: 18195: 18185: 18183: 18168: 18164: 18154: 18152: 18137: 18133: 18123: 18121: 18106: 18102: 18092: 18090: 18073: 18069: 18053: 18052: 18045: 18043: 18038: 18037: 18033: 18023: 18021: 18006: 18002: 17992: 17990: 17967: 17963: 17924: 17920: 17910: 17908: 17895: 17894: 17887: 17877: 17875: 17860: 17856: 17846: 17844: 17831: 17822: 17807: 17805: 17790: 17786: 17776: 17774: 17759: 17755: 17745: 17743: 17728: 17724: 17714: 17712: 17697: 17690: 17680: 17678: 17665: 17664: 17660: 17650: 17648: 17633: 17629: 17619: 17617: 17602: 17598: 17588: 17586: 17571: 17567: 17557: 17555: 17538: 17534: 17524: 17522: 17509: 17508: 17504: 17494: 17492: 17479: 17478: 17474: 17464: 17462: 17445: 17441: 17431: 17429: 17414: 17410: 17391: 17387: 17377: 17375: 17366: 17365: 17361: 17351: 17349: 17334: 17330: 17320: 17318: 17305: 17304: 17300: 17290: 17288: 17275: 17274: 17265: 17255: 17253: 17240: 17239: 17232: 17222: 17220: 17207: 17206: 17197: 17187: 17185: 17170: 17166: 17156: 17154: 17145: 17144: 17140: 17130: 17128: 17113: 17112: 17108: 17098: 17096: 17081: 17077: 17067: 17065: 17056: 17055: 17051: 17041: 17039: 17026: 17025: 17021: 17011: 17009: 17000: 16999: 16995: 16985: 16983: 16970: 16969: 16965: 16955: 16953: 16952:on May 27, 2010 16944: 16943: 16939: 16929: 16927: 16918: 16917: 16913: 16903: 16901: 16892: 16891: 16887: 16877: 16875: 16866: 16865: 16861: 16811: 16807: 16797: 16795: 16784: 16780: 16770: 16768: 16764: 16757: 16753: 16752: 16748: 16738: 16736: 16721: 16701: 16697: 16687: 16685: 16672: 16671: 16667: 16657: 16655: 16646: 16645: 16641: 16631: 16629: 16618: 16614: 16604: 16602: 16589: 16588: 16584: 16574: 16572: 16561: 16557: 16547: 16545: 16530: 16526: 16503:10.2307/1576348 16485: 16481: 16471: 16469: 16458: 16454: 16439: 16435: 16417: 16413: 16404: 16400: 16393: 16375: 16371: 16319: 16315: 16305: 16303: 16291: 16290: 16286: 16276: 16274: 16267: 16238: 16234: 16227: 16194: 16190: 16172:10.2307/1006543 16150: 16146: 16136: 16134: 16127: 16111: 16100: 16090: 16088: 16073: 16069: 16059: 16057: 16047: 16040: 16030: 16028: 16019: 16018: 16014: 16004: 16002: 15993: 15992: 15988: 15981: 15965: 15958: 15948: 15946: 15931: 15924: 15914: 15912: 15899: 15898: 15894: 15873: 15869: 15859: 15857: 15846: 15842: 15832: 15830: 15819: 15815: 15805: 15803: 15788: 15784: 15774: 15772: 15771:on May 24, 2015 15761: 15757: 15744: 15742: 15727: 15723: 15713: 15711: 15698: 15697: 15690: 15680: 15678: 15667: 15663: 15614: 15610: 15600: 15598: 15575: 15571: 15561: 15559: 15546: 15545: 15541: 15531: 15529: 15520: 15519: 15515: 15505: 15503: 15490: 15489: 15485: 15444: 15440: 15430: 15428: 15410: 15406: 15399: 15381: 15377: 15367: 15365: 15348: 15341: 15331: 15329: 15318: 15311: 15301: 15299: 15285: 15281: 15271: 15269: 15258: 15254: 15235: 15234: 15230: 15220: 15218: 15203: 15199: 15192: 15171: 15167: 15160: 15152:. p. 184. 15142: 15138: 15128: 15126: 15113: 15112: 15108: 15063: 15059: 15006: 15002: 14992: 14990: 14979: 14975: 14965: 14963: 14912: 14908: 14898: 14896: 14883: 14882: 14878: 14831: 14827: 14778: 14774: 14733: 14720: 14679: 14675: 14665: 14663: 14645: 14641: 14608: 14597: 14587: 14585: 14578: 14570:. p. 183. 14558: 14554: 14544: 14542: 14538: 14510:J. Geophys. Res 14505: 14499: 14495: 14485: 14483: 14468: 14461: 14451: 14449: 14434: 14430: 14420: 14418: 14403: 14399: 14389: 14387: 14370: 14366: 14356: 14354: 14337: 14333: 14323: 14321: 14266: 14262: 14252: 14250: 14205: 14201: 14191: 14189: 14176: 14175: 14168: 14158: 14156: 14141: 14137: 14127: 14125: 14110: 14103: 14057:Science Express 14048: 14044: 13994: 13990: 13966: 13962: 13952: 13950: 13935: 13931: 13876: 13872: 13816: 13812: 13762: 13758: 13703: 13699: 13689: 13687: 13672: 13668: 13658: 13656: 13645: 13641: 13631: 13629: 13622: 13614:. p. 136. 13612:Springer Praxis 13602: 13598: 13549: 13545: 13535: 13533: 13529: 13478: 13472: 13468: 13431: 13427: 13417: 13415: 13406: 13405: 13401: 13351: 13347: 13332: 13328: 13295: 13291: 13259: 13253: 13249: 13239: 13237: 13233: 13218: 13216:"Relative Ages" 13212: 13205: 13170: 13166: 13159: 13155: 13145: 13143: 13126: 13125: 13121: 13114: 13096: 13092: 13029: 13025: 13015: 13013: 13004: 13003: 12999: 12989: 12987: 12962: 12958: 12948: 12946: 12931: 12927: 12886: 12882: 12835: 12831: 12811:Current Science 12806: 12802: 12769: 12765: 12744:(11): 787–791. 12732: 12728: 12707: 12703: 12690: 12689: 12685: 12666: 12662: 12652: 12650: 12633: 12626: 12616: 12614: 12591: 12587: 12540: 12536: 12511: 12507: 12497: 12495: 12471:10.1.1.654.9619 12440: 12436: 12421: 12417: 12380: 12376: 12349: 12345: 12335: 12333: 12318: 12314: 12307: 12287: 12283: 12273: 12271: 12270:. July 18, 2024 12262: 12261: 12257: 12210: 12206: 12193: 12192: 12188: 12165: 12161: 12151: 12149: 12126: 12122: 12071: 12067: 12018: 12009: 11990: 11986: 11933: 11929: 11888: 11884: 11874: 11872: 11865: 11841: 11837: 11827: 11825: 11816: 11815: 11811: 11801: 11799: 11786: 11785: 11781: 11771: 11769: 11746: 11739: 11729: 11727: 11712: 11705: 11694:PlanetFacts.org 11686: 11682: 11672: 11670: 11627: 11623: 11613: 11611: 11596: 11592: 11575: 11571: 11561: 11559: 11546: 11545: 11541: 11531: 11529: 11516: 11515: 11511: 11501: 11499: 11495: 11488: 11482: 11478: 11429: 11425: 11415: 11413: 11395: 11391: 11357: 11353: 11314: 11310: 11259: 11250: 11240: 11238: 11223: 11219: 11209: 11207: 11203: 11152: 11146: 11142: 11132: 11130: 11129:on May 31, 2010 11115: 11111: 11101: 11099: 11084: 11080: 11070: 11068: 11041: 11037: 11027: 11025: 11012: 11011: 11007: 10997: 10995: 10990:. May 6, 2016. 10982: 10981: 10977: 10944: 10940: 10930: 10928: 10927:on May 27, 2010 10915: 10914: 10910: 10861: 10857: 10818:(1): eaax0883. 10804: 10795: 10787: 10744: 10738: 10734: 10701: 10697: 10648: 10644: 10634: 10632: 10619: 10618: 10614: 10604: 10602: 10587: 10583: 10546: 10542: 10491: 10487: 10480: 10462: 10458: 10416: 10409: 10392:10.1038/ngeo417 10366: 10362: 10352: 10350: 10346: 10299: 10293: 10289: 10270: 10266: 10227: 10223: 10213: 10211: 10210:on July 3, 2013 10200: 10181: 10171: 10169: 10161: 10160: 10156: 10146: 10144: 10134: 10130: 10120: 10118: 10103: 10099: 10089: 10087: 10076: 10072: 10062: 10060: 10047: 10046: 10042: 10032: 10030: 10026: 9979: 9973: 9969: 9959: 9957: 9944: 9943: 9939: 9922: 9913: 9866: 9857: 9847: 9845: 9830: 9823: 9792: 9788: 9778: 9776: 9763: 9762: 9755: 9745: 9743: 9706:(7985): 95–99. 9690: 9686: 9676: 9674: 9657: 9653: 9598: 9594: 9547: 9543: 9502: 9498: 9465: 9461: 9428: 9421: 9400: 9396: 9345: 9341: 9322: 9321: 9317: 9268: 9264: 9254: 9252: 9248: 9220:(S7): A11–A12. 9209: 9203: 9199: 9189: 9187: 9172: 9171: 9167: 9115: 9111: 9062: 9058: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9030: 9028: 9013: 9009: 8968: 8964: 8931: 8927: 8917: 8915: 8908: 8886: 8877: 8836: 8832: 8793:(1): e1602365. 8779: 8775: 8765: 8763: 8750: 8749: 8745: 8706: 8702: 8692: 8690: 8677: 8676: 8672: 8662: 8660: 8647: 8646: 8642: 8631: 8615: 8611: 8605:Perseus Project 8581: 8577: 8567: 8565: 8549: 8548: 8544: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8514: 8494: 8490: 8480: 8460: 8456: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8426: 8406: 8402: 8392: 8372: 8368: 8361: 8346: 8342: 8335: 8327:. p. 487. 8317: 8313: 8303: 8301: 8290: 8286: 8276: 8274: 8261: 8257: 8247: 8245: 8232: 8231: 8227: 8217: 8215: 8202: 8201: 8197: 8187: 8185: 8170: 8169: 8165: 8114:Metzger, Philip 8111: 8104: 8070: 8061: 8051: 8049: 8036: 8035: 8031: 7975: 7966: 7925: 7921: 7884: 7877: 7836: 7832: 7822: 7820: 7816: 7809: 7805: 7804:also available 7797: 7795: 7791: 7752: 7745: 7738: 7699: 7695: 7689:Wayback Machine 7675: 7668: 7635: 7631: 7624: 7610: 7606: 7547: 7543: 7533: 7531: 7516: 7491: 7440: 7436: 7425: 7409: 7402: 7360: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7320: 7313: 7311: 7307: 7301:Sun#Life phases 7298: 7294: 7285: 7281: 7270: 7268: 7264: 7253: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7238: 7234: 7217: 7213: 7191:10 particles cm 7190: 7187:10 particles cm 7186: 7184: 7180: 7167: 7163: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7146: 7137:(for a distant 7127: 7123: 7098: 7094: 7086: 7082: 7077: 7054: 7045:Pliny the Elder 7039:. Philosophers 7022: 7016: 6981:lunar resources 6954: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6927: 6919: 6918: 6903:from the first 6901:Man in the Moon 6897: 6889: 6888: 6875: 6864: 6854: 6769:Man in the Moon 6761: 6723:Queen of Heaven 6597:writing systems 6573: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6530: 6521: 6520: 6519: 6504: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6489: 6475: 6466: 6465: 6452: 6442: 6440:Man in the Moon 6412: 6329:as well as for 6311:language family 6295: 6287: 6181: 6167: 6162: 6138:Artemis program 6106: 6070: 6067:executive order 6063:Artemis Accords 6007: 5989: 5912: 5906: 5897: 5810: 5804: 5796:Artemis program 5683:The so-called " 5674:radio pollution 5651: 5617: 5562: 5556: 5506:Chang'e program 5496:and supporting 5494:Artemis program 5460:crew, with the 5451: 5445: 5360:Artemis program 5356:Artemis Accords 5352:developed plans 5325:in early 2019. 5129: 5102:Landsat program 5059: 5053: 4892:John F. Kennedy 4810:in 1957 during 4737: 4727: 4707:Richard Proctor 4651:Galileo Galilei 4630: 4624: 4554:radius of Earth 4533: 4507:4th century BC) 4502: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4450: 4414: 4398:Main articles: 4396: 4390: 4383: 4373:Because of the 4312: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4308: 4302: 4294: 4293: 4282: 4271: 4255:Main articles: 4253: 4190:color constancy 4150: 4129: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4055: 4040: 4036: 4025: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3925: 3911: 3852: 3833:§ Eclipses 3729: 3721: 3696:tidally locking 3687:is adjusted by 3660:and rotational 3650: 3557: 3555:Theory of tides 3541:Main articles: 3539: 3518: 3449:sidereal period 3434:semi-major axis 3399: 3383:Main articles: 3381: 3376: 3360: 3348:molecular water 3329:melt inclusions 3255:located on the 3230: 3224: 3200:antipodal point 3196:magnetic fields 3173: 3167: 3147:Apollo missions 3136:crater counting 3100:binary asteroid 3068:complex craters 3057:Moon's far side 3045: 3039: 2817: 2811: 2801: 2735:laser altimetry 2712: 2696:Main articles: 2694: 2675:silicon dioxide 2663:impact gardened 2626: 2622: 2550: 2535:Northern Taurid 2368: 2362: 2333: 2302: 2295: 2288: 2285:surface gravity 2264: 2168: 2160:Main articles: 2158: 2146: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2128: 2121:surface gravity 2029: 2023: 2006: 1993:lunar highlands 1927: 1903: 1874: 1866: 1792: 1780:Main articles: 1778: 1751: 1749: 1744: 1742: 1733: 1727: 1722: 1720:Natural history 1714: 1708: 1638:and the prefix 1585: 1581: 1537: 1533: 1500: 1496: 1471: 1467: 1411: 1405: 1331:natural science 1185:surface gravity 1090: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1028: 1013: 992: 980: 968: 958: 948: 938: 937:57.0 μSv/h 930:equivalent dose 918: 835: 825: 817: 811: 808:right ascension 806: 799: 778: 767: 764: 754: 749: 747: 744: 735: 725: 720: 718: 714: 701: 699: 694: 692: 690: 686: 684:Escape velocity 673: 671: 668: 658: 650: 646: 644:Surface gravity 634: 633: 627: 624: 611: 609: 606: 601: 599: 588: 585: 580: 578: 567: 564: 559: 557: 554: 538: 533: 531: 521: 510: 507: 502: 500: 497: 486: 483: 478: 476: 473: 462: 459: 454: 452: 449: 423: 421: 413: 404: 396: 369: 366: 356: 354: 349: 347: 343: 334: 332: 324: 322: 318: 307: 289: 287: 280: 276: 271: 269: 266: 264:Semi-major axis 253: 251: 246: 244: 242: 237: 235: 221: 219: 214: 212: 210: 205: 203: 156: 148: 140: 132: 114: 106: 98: 87: 75: 63: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 25340: 25330: 25329: 25324: 25319: 25314: 25309: 25304: 25299: 25284: 25283: 25271: 25259: 25247: 25235: 25212: 25211: 25108: 25107: 25095: 25083: 25071: 25065: 25062: 25061: 25057: 25056: 25053: 25052: 25050: 25049: 25044: 25039: 25034: 25029: 25023: 25021: 25017: 25016: 25014: 25013: 25008: 25007: 25006: 25001: 24991: 24986: 24981: 24976: 24971: 24966: 24960: 24958: 24954: 24953: 24951: 24950: 24948:Scattered disc 24945: 24940: 24939: 24938: 24928: 24923: 24922: 24921: 24916: 24915: 24914: 24904: 24899: 24894: 24889: 24879: 24874: 24869: 24864: 24859: 24854: 24849: 24844: 24839: 24834: 24829: 24824: 24819: 24814: 24809: 24804: 24799: 24798: 24797: 24792: 24782: 24777: 24772: 24767: 24762: 24757: 24752: 24747: 24742: 24737: 24736: 24735: 24733:Excretion disk 24728:Accretion disk 24725: 24720: 24718:Star formation 24714: 24712: 24704: 24703: 24701: 24700: 24695: 24690: 24685: 24680: 24675: 24670: 24665: 24664: 24663: 24653: 24648: 24643: 24642: 24641: 24631: 24626: 24621: 24620: 24619: 24614: 24609: 24607:space stations 24599: 24598: 24597: 24592: 24582: 24581: 24580: 24575: 24570: 24560: 24554: 24552: 24540: 24539: 24537: 24536: 24531: 24526: 24521: 24516: 24511: 24506: 24501: 24496: 24491: 24486: 24480: 24478: 24467: 24464: 24463: 24461: 24460: 24455: 24454: 24453: 24448: 24446:Scattered disc 24443: 24438: 24433: 24432: 24431: 24426: 24411: 24410: 24409: 24404: 24394: 24393: 24392: 24387: 24382: 24377: 24372: 24367: 24362: 24357: 24352: 24342: 24337: 24332: 24331: 24330: 24325: 24320: 24315: 24314: 24313: 24308: 24298: 24293: 24288: 24278: 24277: 24276: 24271: 24266: 24261: 24256: 24251: 24246: 24241: 24233: 24228: 24227: 24226: 24221: 24211: 24206: 24201: 24195: 24193: 24181: 24180: 24178: 24177: 24172: 24167: 24162: 24157: 24152: 24147: 24137: 24131: 24129: 24123: 24122: 24120: 24119: 24118: 24117: 24107: 24106: 24105: 24095: 24094: 24093: 24083: 24082: 24081: 24071: 24070: 24069: 24064: 24054: 24053: 24052: 24047: 24042: 24037: 24032: 24022: 24021: 24020: 24010: 24009: 24008: 24003: 23998: 23993: 23983: 23982: 23981: 23976: 23971: 23966: 23961: 23956: 23946: 23945: 23944: 23939: 23934: 23929: 23924: 23919: 23914: 23909: 23904: 23899: 23889: 23888: 23887: 23882: 23877: 23872: 23867: 23857: 23856: 23855: 23850: 23840: 23839: 23838: 23833: 23824: 23822: 23816: 23815: 23813: 23812: 23811: 23810: 23805: 23800: 23795: 23790: 23785: 23780: 23775: 23770: 23760: 23759: 23758: 23757: 23756: 23751: 23741: 23740: 23739: 23734: 23719: 23718: 23717: 23712: 23707: 23702: 23691: 23689: 23672: 23669: 23668: 23666: 23665: 23658: 23651: 23644: 23637: 23630: 23623: 23616: 23609: 23604: 23599: 23594: 23589: 23582: 23577: 23572: 23567: 23562: 23514: 23511: 23510: 23503: 23502: 23495: 23488: 23480: 23471: 23470: 23468: 23467: 23462: 23457: 23452: 23447: 23442: 23437: 23432: 23427: 23421: 23418: 23417: 23415: 23414: 23411: 23406: 23401: 23396: 23391: 23386: 23381: 23376: 23371: 23366: 23361: 23356: 23351: 23346: 23341: 23336: 23331: 23326: 23321: 23316: 23311: 23306: 23301: 23296: 23291: 23286: 23281: 23276: 23275: 23274: 23260: 23258: 23252: 23251: 23249: 23248: 23243: 23238: 23237: 23236: 23227:Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà 23224: 23223: 23222: 23210: 23209: 23208: 23196: 23191: 23186: 23181: 23180: 23179: 23172: 23160: 23156: 23155: 23154: 23153: 23141: 23140: 23139: 23127: 23126: 23125: 23113: 23109: 23108: 23102: 23097: 23092: 23091: 23090: 23078: 23077: 23076: 23064: 23063: 23062: 23057: 23047: 23042: 23037: 23036: 23035: 23030: 23020: 23019: 23018: 23011: 22999: 22998: 22997: 22985: 22984: 22983: 22973: 22968: 22967: 22966: 22954: 22950: 22949: 22944: 22939: 22932: 22931: 22930: 22918: 22917: 22916: 22904: 22899: 22895: 22893: 22885: 22884: 22882: 22881: 22876: 22871: 22866: 22861: 22856: 22851: 22845: 22843: 22834: 22833: 22814: 22812: 22810: 22809: 22804: 22799: 22794: 22789: 22784: 22778: 22776: 22767: 22766: 22755: 22754: 22747: 22740: 22732: 22723: 22722: 22720: 22719: 22708: 22705: 22704: 22702: 22701: 22696: 22691: 22686: 22680: 22678: 22672: 22671: 22669: 22668: 22662: 22660: 22656: 22655: 22653: 22652: 22647: 22642: 22637: 22635:Atlantic Ocean 22632: 22627: 22621: 22619: 22613: 22612: 22610: 22609: 22604: 22599: 22598: 22597: 22587: 22582: 22577: 22572: 22566: 22564: 22558: 22557: 22555: 22554: 22549: 22544: 22539: 22534: 22529: 22524: 22519: 22517:Fluid dynamics 22514: 22508: 22506: 22500: 22499: 22497: 22496: 22491: 22489:Geopositioning 22486: 22484:Remote Sensing 22481: 22476: 22471: 22466: 22461: 22456: 22455: 22454: 22443: 22441: 22435: 22434: 22432: 22431: 22426: 22421: 22416: 22411: 22406: 22401: 22396: 22390: 22388: 22382: 22381: 22379: 22378: 22373: 22368: 22363: 22358: 22353: 22348: 22343: 22338: 22333: 22332: 22331: 22320: 22318: 22312: 22311: 22309: 22308: 22303: 22298: 22293: 22288: 22283: 22278: 22272: 22270: 22264: 22263: 22261: 22260: 22255: 22250: 22245: 22243:Climate change 22240: 22238:Energy balance 22235: 22233:Climate system 22229: 22227: 22221: 22220: 22218: 22217: 22212: 22207: 22202: 22197: 22192: 22187: 22182: 22176: 22174: 22168: 22167: 22165: 22164: 22159: 22153: 22150: 22149: 22142: 22141: 22134: 22127: 22119: 22110: 22109: 22107: 22106: 22093: 22090: 22089: 22087: 22086: 22079: 22072: 22065: 22058: 22049: 22042: 22035: 22034: 22033: 22026: 22019: 22012: 21998: 21991: 21984: 21977: 21976: 21975: 21968: 21954: 21947: 21940: 21933: 21925: 21923: 21919: 21918: 21916: 21915: 21908: 21901: 21893: 21891: 21887: 21886: 21884: 21883: 21876: 21869: 21862: 21855: 21848: 21841: 21834: 21827: 21826: 21825: 21811: 21803: 21801: 21792: 21791: 21789: 21788: 21785:Lunar distance 21781: 21774: 21767: 21760: 21759: 21758: 21757: 21756: 21735: 21728: 21725:Lunar calendar 21720: 21718: 21709: 21708: 21706: 21705: 21698: 21691: 21690: 21689: 21675: 21668: 21661: 21660: 21659: 21652: 21649:Apollo program 21637: 21635: 21629: 21628: 21626: 21625: 21618: 21617: 21616: 21609: 21595: 21594: 21593: 21586: 21574: 21573: 21572: 21565: 21558: 21551: 21550: 21549: 21528: 21527: 21526: 21525: 21524: 21517: 21496: 21489: 21482: 21474: 21472: 21468: 21467: 21465: 21464: 21457: 21450: 21443: 21442: 21441: 21434: 21431:Micrometeorite 21420: 21413: 21412: 21411: 21408:Changesite-(Y) 21404: 21390: 21387:Wrinkle ridges 21383: 21376: 21375: 21374: 21360: 21359: 21358: 21351: 21344: 21337: 21323: 21322: 21321: 21314: 21307: 21293: 21286: 21285: 21284: 21270: 21269: 21268: 21254: 21253: 21252: 21251: 21250: 21236: 21224: 21223: 21222: 21215: 21203: 21196: 21189: 21181: 21179: 21171: 21170: 21168: 21167: 21160: 21159: 21158: 21151: 21144: 21137: 21123: 21122: 21121: 21114: 21113: 21112: 21105: 21098: 21091: 21090: 21089: 21082: 21061: 21054: 21040: 21039: 21038: 21031: 21030: 21029: 21015: 21008: 21007: 21006: 20985: 20982:Lunar distance 20977: 20975: 20969: 20968: 20961: 20959: 20957: 20956: 20955: 20954: 20940: 20933: 20930:Magnetic field 20926: 20925: 20924: 20910: 20903: 20896: 20888: 20886: 20880: 20879: 20874: 20871: 20870: 20863: 20862: 20855: 20848: 20840: 20834: 20833: 20812: 20796: 20774: 20771: 20770: 20769: 20755: 20741: 20732: 20706: 20705: 20704: 20684: 20665: 20641: 20635: 20616: 20606: 20601: 20590: 20587: 20586: 20585: 20574: 20563: 20549: 20542: 20541:External links 20539: 20537: 20536: 20518: 20497: 20480:10.3133/pp1348 20458: 20437: 20431: 20408: 20390: 20371: 20347: 20341: 20320: 20302: 20283: 20259: 20238: 20220: 20181: 20163:Universe Today 20156:Cain, Fraser. 20153: 20147: 20126: 20110:Discovery 2008 20102: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20066: 20065: 20006: 19964: 19937:(3): 923–934. 19919: 19900:(2): 286–306. 19882: 19848: 19821: 19791: 19742: 19710: 19680: 19665: 19618: 19587: 19564: 19545: 19525: 19518: 19500: 19481: 19452: 19433: 19406: 19387: 19367: 19334: 19304: 19277: 19256: 19235: 19228: 19206: 19182: 19160: 19131: 19102: 19083: 19063: 19056: 19032: 18989: 18958: 18931: 18911: 18877: 18830:(4): 288–298. 18810: 18781: 18751: 18721: 18695: 18664: 18634: 18601: 18571: 18541: 18505: 18469: 18439: 18406: 18375: 18339: 18307: 18250: 18224: 18193: 18162: 18131: 18100: 18067: 18031: 18000: 17961: 17918: 17885: 17854: 17820: 17784: 17753: 17722: 17688: 17658: 17641:Universe Today 17627: 17596: 17565: 17532: 17502: 17472: 17439: 17408: 17401:) – via 17385: 17359: 17328: 17298: 17263: 17230: 17195: 17164: 17138: 17106: 17075: 17049: 17019: 17004:. NASA. 2019. 16993: 16963: 16937: 16922:. NASA. 1994. 16911: 16885: 16859: 16805: 16778: 16746: 16719: 16695: 16665: 16639: 16612: 16582: 16555: 16524: 16497:(2): 127–132. 16479: 16452: 16433: 16421:, 5; p. 64 in 16411: 16398: 16391: 16369: 16313: 16284: 16265: 16232: 16225: 16207:(2 ed.). 16188: 16144: 16125: 16098: 16067: 16038: 16012: 15986: 15980:978-0077419219 15979: 15956: 15922: 15892: 15867: 15840: 15813: 15782: 15755: 15721: 15688: 15669:Luciuk, Mike. 15661: 15608: 15569: 15539: 15513: 15483: 15456:(2): 459–508. 15438: 15404: 15397: 15375: 15339: 15328:on May 7, 2012 15309: 15279: 15252: 15228: 15197: 15190: 15165: 15158: 15136: 15119:Universe Today 15106: 15057: 15000: 14973: 14906: 14876: 14847:(2): 700–709. 14825: 14772: 14718: 14673: 14639: 14634:10.1086/117209 14595: 14576: 14552: 14516:(C6): C06025. 14493: 14459: 14442:Universe Today 14428: 14397: 14364: 14331: 14282:(2): 169–175. 14260: 14221:(2): 121–127. 14199: 14166: 14135: 14101: 14042: 13988: 13977:(1533): 2335. 13960: 13929: 13870: 13810: 13756: 13697: 13666: 13639: 13620: 13596: 13543: 13506:10.1.1.485.312 13466: 13425: 13399: 13345: 13326: 13289: 13270:(1): 254–267. 13247: 13203: 13164: 13153: 13119: 13112: 13090: 13023: 12997: 12956: 12925: 12898:(11): L11203. 12880: 12829: 12818:(3): 454–460. 12800: 12763: 12726: 12701: 12683: 12674:Discovery News 12660: 12624: 12585: 12534: 12505: 12434: 12415: 12374: 12343: 12312: 12305: 12299:. p. 19. 12281: 12255: 12204: 12186: 12159: 12120: 12065: 12007: 11984: 11947:(6): 730–756. 11927: 11882: 11863: 11835: 11809: 11788:"Diviner News" 11779: 11737: 11703: 11680: 11621: 11590: 11569: 11539: 11509: 11476: 11423: 11389: 11370:(6): 947–950. 11351: 11308: 11286:10.1.1.21.9994 11271:(4): 453–491. 11248: 11217: 11189:10.1086/591634 11165:(1): 692–705. 11140: 11109: 11078: 11035: 11005: 10975: 10938: 10908: 10855: 10793: 10772:10.1.1.18.1930 10732: 10695: 10642: 10612: 10581: 10540: 10485: 10478: 10456: 10429:(1): 365–518. 10407: 10378:(2): 133–136. 10360: 10287: 10264: 10221: 10179: 10154: 10128: 10097: 10070: 10040: 9967: 9937: 9911: 9855: 9821: 9786: 9753: 9684: 9651: 9592: 9541: 9496: 9459: 9440:(1): 201–240. 9419: 9394: 9339: 9315: 9262: 9197: 9165: 9109: 9056: 9038: 9007: 8980:(1): 271–315. 8962: 8943:(2): 256–268. 8925: 8906: 8875: 8830: 8773: 8756:Universe Today 8743: 8716:(9): 696–700. 8700: 8670: 8640: 8629: 8609: 8575: 8542: 8522: 8488: 8454: 8434: 8400: 8366: 8359: 8340: 8333: 8311: 8284: 8255: 8225: 8195: 8163: 8102: 8059: 8029: 7964: 7937:(2): 179–193. 7919: 7875: 7841:Applied Optics 7830: 7807:"via usgs.gov" 7763:(2): 101–135. 7736: 7709:(3): 293–308. 7693: 7666: 7629: 7622: 7604: 7541: 7489: 7434: 7424:978-1139494175 7423: 7400: 7373:(1): 221–364. 7328: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7305: 7292: 7279: 7262: 7241: 7232: 7211: 7178: 7161: 7121: 7092: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7071: 7066: 7060: 7053: 7050: 7018:Main article: 7015: 7012: 6928: 6921: 6920: 6915:Georges Méliès 6907:set in space, 6898: 6891: 6890: 6876: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6853: 6850: 6760: 6757: 6653:Star of Ishtar 6636:, the ancient 6589:cave paintings 6585:Nebra sky disc 6572: 6569: 6531: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6505: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6476: 6469: 6468: 6467: 6456: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6432:Luna (goddess) 6411: 6408: 6397:Lunar New Year 6358:lunar calendar 6293: 6285: 6278:(PIE) root of 6171:Lunar calendar 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6122:United Nations 6105: 6102: 6058:capabilities. 6048:Moon Agreement 6001:Space advocacy 5988: 5985: 5908:Main article: 5905: 5902: 5803: 5800: 5616: 5613: 5589:cislunar space 5566:Apollo Program 5555: 5554:Human presence 5552: 5444: 5441: 5374:2023 and 2024 5128: 5125: 5114:Salyut program 5110:space stations 5071:Venera program 5055:Main article: 5052: 5049: 4935:Neil Armstrong 4912:Apollo program 4900:Ranger program 4877:image of Earth 4802:(left center). 4745:launch systems 4726: 4723: 4663:Thomas Harriot 4626:Main article: 4623: 4620: 4599:Ibn al-Haytham 4534:2nd century BC 4489:lunar eclipses 4477:4th century BC 4473:5th century BC 4444:Nebra sky disc 4418:cave paintings 4392:Main article: 4389: 4386: 4382: 4379: 4328:lunar eclipses 4320:Solar eclipses 4303: 4296: 4295: 4283: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4252: 4249: 4199:limb darkening 4164:, giving it a 4149: 4146: 4128: 4125: 4085: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 3980:altitude angle 3910: 3907: 3887:tidally locked 3851: 3848: 3771:tropical month 3754:varies by its 3720: 3717: 3662:kinetic energy 3649: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3628: 3538: 3535: 3523:Cassini's laws 3503:ecliptic plane 3457:synodic period 3438:lunar distance 3432:of 0.055. The 3397:Cislunar space 3380: 3377: 3359: 3356: 3226:Main article: 3223: 3220: 3169:Main article: 3166: 3163: 3038: 3037:Impact craters 3035: 2986:wrinkle ridges 2980:lava flows of 2967:Imbrian period 2881:Sinuous rilles 2871:arcuate rilles 2866:wrinkle ridges 2813:Main article: 2810: 2807: 2693: 2690: 2589:flight to Mars 2549: 2546: 2542:meteor showers 2396:zodiacal light 2364:Main article: 2361: 2358: 2332: 2331:Magnetic field 2329: 2263: 2260: 2185:differentiated 2183:The Moon is a 2157: 2154: 2022: 2019: 2005: 2002: 1989:Imbrian period 1983:. Most of the 1958:its atmosphere 1926: 1923: 1872: 1834:accretion disk 1811:Isotope dating 1777: 1774: 1754:impact craters 1745: 1734: 1729:Main article: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1712: 1706: 1440:Proto-Germanic 1404: 1401: 1276:Earth's shadow 1252:impact craters 1246:and marked by 1242:is covered in 1229:a giant impact 1217:magnetic field 1201:differentiated 1167:). Within the 1096: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1052: 1050: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1040: 1032: 1016: 1014: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1000: 999: 993: 988: 985: 984: 981: 973: 970: 969: 967: 966: 955: 951: 949: 944: 941: 940: 935: 925: 924: 919:(during lunar 915: 905: 904: 901: 900: 897: 894: 892: 888: 887: 884: 881: 875: 871: 870: 867: 864: 861: 850: 849: 846: 840: 839: 836: 830: 827: 826: 824: 823: 820: 814: 812: 804: 801: 800: 798: 797: 794: 788: 781: 779: 774: 771: 770: 765: 762: 759: 758: 745: 740: 737: 736: 717: 715: 710: 707: 706: 689:2.38 km/s 687: 682: 679: 678: 669: 664: 661: 660: 656: 647: 642: 639: 638: 625: 619: 616: 615: 597: 591: 590: 576: 570: 569: 555: 550: 547: 546: 529: 525: 524: 519: 513: 512: 498: 492: 489: 488: 474: 468: 465: 464: 450: 445: 442: 441: 437: 436: 431: 425: 424: 416: 414: 409: 406: 405: 399: 397: 392: 389: 388: 384:5.145° to the 382: 376: 375: 367: 361: 358: 357: 346: 344: 339: 336: 335: 321: 319: 314: 311: 310: 305: 299: 298: 267: 262: 259: 258: 233: 227: 226: 201: 195: 194: 185: 184: 178: 177: 164: 158: 157: 155: 154: 146: 138: 130: 124: 122: 116: 115: 113: 112: 104: 96: 90: 88: 83: 80: 79: 76: 73: 70: 69: 65: 64: 54: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 25339: 25328: 25325: 25323: 25320: 25318: 25315: 25313: 25310: 25308: 25305: 25303: 25300: 25298: 25295: 25294: 25292: 25282: 25272: 25270: 25260: 25258: 25253: 25248: 25246: 25236: 25234: 25224: 25223: 25220: 25209: 25200: 25193: 25186: 25179: 25173: 25167: 25161: 25154: 25147: 25140: 25133: 25126: 25119: 25112: 25106: 25096: 25094: 25084: 25082: 25072: 25070: 25067: 25066: 25063: 25048: 25047:Tidal locking 25045: 25043: 25040: 25038: 25035: 25033: 25030: 25028: 25027:Double planet 25025: 25024: 25022: 25018: 25012: 25009: 25005: 25002: 25000: 24997: 24996: 24995: 24992: 24990: 24987: 24985: 24982: 24980: 24979:Minor planets 24977: 24975: 24972: 24970: 24967: 24965: 24962: 24961: 24959: 24955: 24949: 24946: 24944: 24941: 24937: 24934: 24933: 24932: 24929: 24927: 24924: 24920: 24917: 24913: 24912:Merging stars 24910: 24909: 24908: 24905: 24903: 24900: 24898: 24895: 24893: 24890: 24888: 24885: 24884: 24883: 24880: 24878: 24875: 24873: 24870: 24868: 24865: 24863: 24860: 24858: 24855: 24853: 24850: 24848: 24845: 24843: 24840: 24838: 24835: 24833: 24830: 24828: 24825: 24823: 24820: 24818: 24815: 24813: 24810: 24808: 24805: 24803: 24800: 24796: 24793: 24791: 24788: 24787: 24786: 24783: 24781: 24778: 24776: 24773: 24771: 24768: 24766: 24763: 24761: 24758: 24756: 24753: 24751: 24748: 24746: 24743: 24741: 24738: 24734: 24731: 24730: 24729: 24726: 24724: 24721: 24719: 24716: 24715: 24713: 24711: 24705: 24699: 24696: 24694: 24691: 24689: 24686: 24684: 24681: 24679: 24676: 24674: 24671: 24669: 24666: 24662: 24659: 24658: 24657: 24654: 24652: 24649: 24647: 24644: 24640: 24637: 24636: 24635: 24632: 24630: 24627: 24625: 24622: 24618: 24615: 24613: 24610: 24608: 24605: 24604: 24603: 24600: 24596: 24593: 24591: 24588: 24587: 24586: 24583: 24579: 24576: 24574: 24571: 24569: 24566: 24565: 24564: 24561: 24559: 24556: 24555: 24553: 24550: 24545: 24541: 24535: 24532: 24530: 24527: 24525: 24522: 24520: 24517: 24515: 24514:Subsatellites 24512: 24510: 24507: 24505: 24502: 24500: 24497: 24495: 24492: 24490: 24487: 24485: 24482: 24481: 24479: 24477: 24474:Hypothetical 24471: 24468: 24459: 24456: 24452: 24449: 24447: 24444: 24442: 24439: 24437: 24434: 24430: 24427: 24425: 24422: 24421: 24420: 24417: 24416: 24415: 24412: 24408: 24405: 24403: 24400: 24399: 24398: 24395: 24391: 24388: 24386: 24383: 24381: 24378: 24376: 24373: 24371: 24368: 24366: 24363: 24361: 24358: 24356: 24353: 24351: 24348: 24347: 24346: 24343: 24341: 24340:Asteroid belt 24338: 24336: 24333: 24329: 24326: 24324: 24321: 24319: 24316: 24312: 24309: 24307: 24304: 24303: 24302: 24299: 24297: 24294: 24292: 24289: 24287: 24284: 24283: 24282: 24279: 24275: 24272: 24270: 24267: 24265: 24262: 24260: 24257: 24255: 24252: 24250: 24247: 24245: 24242: 24240: 24237: 24236: 24234: 24232: 24229: 24225: 24222: 24220: 24217: 24216: 24215: 24214:Minor planets 24212: 24210: 24207: 24205: 24202: 24200: 24197: 24196: 24194: 24192: 24182: 24176: 24173: 24171: 24168: 24166: 24163: 24161: 24158: 24156: 24153: 24151: 24148: 24145: 24141: 24138: 24136: 24133: 24132: 24130: 24128: 24124: 24116: 24113: 24112: 24111: 24108: 24104: 24101: 24100: 24099: 24096: 24092: 24089: 24088: 24087: 24084: 24080: 24077: 24076: 24075: 24072: 24068: 24065: 24063: 24060: 24059: 24058: 24055: 24051: 24048: 24046: 24043: 24041: 24038: 24036: 24033: 24031: 24028: 24027: 24026: 24023: 24019: 24016: 24015: 24014: 24011: 24007: 24004: 24002: 23999: 23997: 23994: 23992: 23989: 23988: 23987: 23984: 23980: 23977: 23975: 23972: 23970: 23967: 23965: 23962: 23960: 23957: 23955: 23952: 23951: 23950: 23947: 23943: 23940: 23938: 23935: 23933: 23930: 23928: 23925: 23923: 23920: 23918: 23915: 23913: 23910: 23908: 23905: 23903: 23900: 23898: 23895: 23894: 23893: 23890: 23886: 23883: 23881: 23878: 23876: 23873: 23871: 23868: 23866: 23863: 23862: 23861: 23858: 23854: 23851: 23849: 23846: 23845: 23844: 23841: 23837: 23834: 23832: 23829: 23828: 23826: 23825: 23823: 23821: 23817: 23809: 23806: 23804: 23801: 23799: 23796: 23794: 23791: 23789: 23786: 23784: 23781: 23779: 23776: 23774: 23771: 23769: 23766: 23765: 23764: 23761: 23755: 23752: 23750: 23747: 23746: 23745: 23742: 23738: 23735: 23733: 23730: 23729: 23728: 23725: 23724: 23723: 23720: 23716: 23713: 23711: 23708: 23706: 23703: 23701: 23698: 23697: 23696: 23693: 23692: 23690: 23688: 23683: 23679: 23676: 23675: 23670: 23664: 23663: 23659: 23657: 23656: 23652: 23650: 23649: 23645: 23643: 23642: 23638: 23636: 23635: 23631: 23629: 23628: 23624: 23622: 23621: 23617: 23615: 23614: 23610: 23608: 23605: 23603: 23600: 23598: 23595: 23593: 23590: 23588: 23587: 23583: 23581: 23578: 23576: 23573: 23571: 23568: 23566: 23563: 23561: 23558: 23557: 23512: 23508: 23501: 23496: 23494: 23489: 23487: 23482: 23481: 23478: 23466: 23463: 23461: 23460:Regular moons 23458: 23456: 23453: 23451: 23448: 23446: 23443: 23441: 23438: 23436: 23433: 23431: 23428: 23426: 23423: 23422: 23419: 23412: 23410: 23407: 23405: 23402: 23400: 23397: 23395: 23392: 23390: 23387: 23385: 23382: 23380: 23377: 23375: 23372: 23370: 23367: 23365: 23362: 23360: 23357: 23355: 23352: 23350: 23347: 23345: 23342: 23340: 23337: 23335: 23332: 23330: 23327: 23325: 23322: 23320: 23317: 23315: 23312: 23310: 23307: 23305: 23302: 23300: 23297: 23295: 23292: 23290: 23287: 23285: 23282: 23280: 23277: 23271: 23267: 23266: 23265: 23262: 23261: 23259: 23253: 23246: 23239: 23234: 23230: 23229: 23228: 23225: 23220: 23216: 23215: 23214: 23211: 23206: 23202: 23201: 23200: 23197: 23195: 23192: 23189: 23182: 23177: 23173: 23170: 23166: 23165: 23164: 23161: 23158: 23157: 23151: 23147: 23146: 23145: 23142: 23137: 23133: 23132: 23131: 23128: 23123: 23119: 23118: 23117: 23114: 23111: 23110: 23106: 23103: 23101: 23098: 23096: 23093: 23088: 23084: 23083: 23082: 23079: 23074: 23070: 23069: 23068: 23065: 23058: 23053: 23052: 23051: 23048: 23046: 23043: 23041: 23038: 23031: 23026: 23025: 23024: 23021: 23016: 23012: 23009: 23005: 23004: 23003: 23000: 22995: 22991: 22990: 22989: 22986: 22979: 22978: 22977: 22974: 22972: 22969: 22964: 22960: 22959: 22958: 22955: 22952: 22951: 22947: 22940: 22937: 22933: 22928: 22924: 22923: 22922: 22919: 22914: 22910: 22909: 22908: 22905: 22903: 22900: 22897: 22896: 22894: 22892: 22886: 22880: 22877: 22875: 22872: 22870: 22867: 22865: 22862: 22860: 22857: 22855: 22852: 22850: 22847: 22846: 22844: 22841: 22835: 22830: 22824: 22818: 22808: 22805: 22803: 22800: 22798: 22795: 22793: 22790: 22788: 22785: 22783: 22780: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22768: 22764: 22760: 22753: 22748: 22746: 22741: 22739: 22734: 22733: 22730: 22718: 22710: 22709: 22706: 22700: 22697: 22695: 22692: 22690: 22687: 22685: 22682: 22681: 22679: 22677: 22673: 22667: 22664: 22663: 22661: 22657: 22651: 22648: 22646: 22645:Pacific Ocean 22643: 22641: 22638: 22636: 22633: 22631: 22628: 22626: 22623: 22622: 22620: 22618: 22614: 22608: 22605: 22603: 22600: 22596: 22593: 22592: 22591: 22588: 22586: 22583: 22581: 22578: 22576: 22575:Earth science 22573: 22571: 22568: 22567: 22565: 22563: 22559: 22553: 22550: 22548: 22545: 22543: 22540: 22538: 22535: 22533: 22530: 22528: 22527:Magnetosphere 22525: 22523: 22520: 22518: 22515: 22513: 22510: 22509: 22507: 22505: 22501: 22495: 22494:Virtual globe 22492: 22490: 22487: 22485: 22482: 22480: 22477: 22475: 22472: 22470: 22467: 22465: 22462: 22460: 22459:Earth's orbit 22457: 22453: 22450: 22449: 22448: 22445: 22444: 22442: 22440: 22436: 22430: 22427: 22425: 22422: 22420: 22417: 22415: 22412: 22410: 22407: 22405: 22402: 22400: 22397: 22395: 22392: 22391: 22389: 22387: 22383: 22377: 22374: 22372: 22369: 22367: 22366:World history 22364: 22362: 22359: 22357: 22356:World economy 22354: 22352: 22349: 22347: 22344: 22342: 22339: 22337: 22334: 22330: 22327: 22326: 22325: 22322: 22321: 22319: 22317: 22313: 22307: 22306:South America 22304: 22302: 22301:North America 22299: 22297: 22294: 22292: 22289: 22287: 22284: 22282: 22279: 22277: 22274: 22273: 22271: 22269: 22265: 22259: 22256: 22254: 22251: 22249: 22246: 22244: 22241: 22239: 22236: 22234: 22231: 22230: 22228: 22226: 22222: 22216: 22213: 22211: 22208: 22206: 22203: 22201: 22198: 22196: 22193: 22191: 22188: 22186: 22183: 22181: 22178: 22177: 22175: 22173: 22169: 22163: 22160: 22158: 22155: 22154: 22151: 22147: 22140: 22135: 22133: 22128: 22126: 22121: 22120: 22117: 22104: 22095: 22094: 22091: 22084: 22080: 22077: 22073: 22070: 22069:Double planet 22066: 22063: 22059: 22055: 22050: 22047: 22043: 22040: 22036: 22031: 22027: 22024: 22020: 22017: 22013: 22010: 22006: 22005: 22003: 21999: 21996: 21992: 21989: 21985: 21982: 21978: 21973: 21969: 21966: 21962: 21961: 21959: 21955: 21952: 21951:Moon illusion 21948: 21945: 21941: 21938: 21934: 21931: 21930:Lunar deities 21927: 21926: 21924: 21920: 21913: 21909: 21906: 21902: 21899: 21895: 21894: 21892: 21888: 21881: 21877: 21874: 21870: 21867: 21863: 21860: 21856: 21853: 21849: 21846: 21842: 21839: 21835: 21832: 21828: 21823: 21819: 21818: 21816: 21812: 21809: 21805: 21804: 21802: 21797: 21793: 21786: 21782: 21779: 21778:Lunar station 21775: 21772: 21768: 21765: 21761: 21754: 21750: 21749: 21747: 21743: 21742: 21740: 21736: 21733: 21729: 21726: 21722: 21721: 21719: 21717: 21712:Time-telling 21710: 21703: 21699: 21696: 21692: 21687: 21683: 21682: 21680: 21676: 21673: 21669: 21666: 21662: 21657: 21653: 21650: 21646: 21645: 21643: 21639: 21638: 21636: 21634: 21630: 21623: 21619: 21614: 21610: 21607: 21603: 21602: 21600: 21596: 21591: 21587: 21584: 21580: 21579: 21575: 21570: 21566: 21563: 21559: 21556: 21552: 21547: 21543: 21542: 21540: 21536: 21535: 21533: 21529: 21522: 21518: 21515: 21511: 21510: 21508: 21504: 21503: 21501: 21497: 21494: 21490: 21487: 21483: 21480: 21476: 21475: 21473: 21469: 21462: 21458: 21455: 21451: 21448: 21444: 21439: 21435: 21432: 21428: 21427: 21425: 21421: 21418: 21414: 21409: 21405: 21402: 21398: 21397: 21395: 21391: 21388: 21384: 21381: 21377: 21372: 21368: 21367: 21365: 21361: 21356: 21352: 21349: 21345: 21342: 21338: 21335: 21331: 21330: 21328: 21324: 21319: 21315: 21312: 21308: 21305: 21301: 21300: 21298: 21294: 21291: 21287: 21282: 21278: 21277: 21275: 21271: 21266: 21262: 21261: 21259: 21255: 21248: 21244: 21243: 21241: 21237: 21234: 21230: 21229: 21225: 21220: 21216: 21213: 21209: 21208: 21204: 21201: 21197: 21194: 21190: 21187: 21183: 21182: 21180: 21178: 21172: 21165: 21164:Lunar station 21161: 21156: 21152: 21149: 21145: 21142: 21141:Tidal locking 21138: 21135: 21131: 21130: 21128: 21124: 21119: 21115: 21110: 21109:Eclipse cycle 21106: 21103: 21099: 21096: 21095:Solar eclipse 21092: 21087: 21083: 21080: 21076: 21075: 21073: 21072:Lunar eclipse 21069: 21068: 21066: 21062: 21059: 21055: 21052: 21048: 21047: 21045: 21041: 21036: 21032: 21027: 21023: 21022: 21020: 21016: 21013: 21009: 21004: 21000: 20999: 20997: 20993: 20992: 20990: 20986: 20983: 20979: 20978: 20976: 20974: 20970: 20965: 20952: 20948: 20947: 20945: 20941: 20938: 20934: 20931: 20927: 20922: 20918: 20917: 20915: 20914:Gravity field 20911: 20908: 20904: 20901: 20897: 20894: 20890: 20889: 20887: 20881: 20877: 20872: 20868: 20861: 20856: 20854: 20849: 20847: 20842: 20841: 20838: 20821: 20817: 20813: 20801: 20797: 20785: 20781: 20777: 20776: 20767: 20763: 20759: 20756: 20753: 20749: 20745: 20742: 20739: 20736: 20733: 20720: 20716: 20712: 20707: 20693: 20689: 20685: 20673: 20672:"Google Moon" 20669: 20668: 20666: 20654: 20650: 20646: 20642: 20639: 20636: 20625: 20621: 20617: 20614: 20610: 20607: 20605: 20602: 20600: 20596: 20593: 20592: 20584: 20580: 20575: 20573: 20569: 20564: 20562: 20558: 20554: 20550: 20548: 20545: 20544: 20525: 20521: 20515: 20511: 20506: 20505: 20498: 20486: 20481: 20476: 20472: 20468: 20464: 20459: 20447: 20443: 20438: 20434: 20428: 20424: 20420: 20416: 20415: 20409: 20397: 20393: 20387: 20383: 20379: 20378: 20372: 20360: 20356: 20352: 20348: 20344: 20338: 20335: 20331: 20330: 20325: 20321: 20309: 20305: 20299: 20295: 20291: 20290: 20284: 20272: 20268: 20264: 20260: 20248: 20244: 20239: 20227: 20223: 20217: 20213: 20209: 20205: 20201: 20197: 20193: 20192: 20187: 20182: 20169: 20165: 20164: 20159: 20154: 20150: 20144: 20140: 20136: 20132: 20127: 20115: 20111: 20107: 20103: 20091: 20087: 20086: 20081: 20076: 20075: 20061: 20057: 20053: 20049: 20044: 20039: 20035: 20031: 20027: 20023: 20022: 20017: 20010: 20003: 19999: 19995: 19991: 19987: 19984:Reprinted in 19982:(2): 129–143. 19981: 19977: 19976: 19968: 19960: 19956: 19952: 19948: 19944: 19940: 19936: 19932: 19931: 19923: 19915: 19911: 19907: 19903: 19899: 19895: 19894: 19886: 19870: 19866: 19862: 19855: 19853: 19836: 19832: 19825: 19809: 19805: 19801: 19795: 19787: 19783: 19778: 19773: 19769: 19765: 19761: 19757: 19753: 19746: 19730: 19726: 19721: 19714: 19698: 19694: 19690: 19684: 19677: 19676: 19669: 19653: 19649: 19645: 19641: 19637: 19633: 19629: 19622: 19606: 19602: 19598: 19591: 19584: 19579: 19574: 19568: 19552: 19548: 19542: 19538: 19537: 19529: 19521: 19515: 19511: 19504: 19488: 19484: 19478: 19474: 19470: 19469: 19461: 19459: 19457: 19440: 19436: 19430: 19426: 19425: 19417: 19415: 19413: 19411: 19394: 19390: 19384: 19380: 19379: 19371: 19355: 19351: 19347: 19341: 19339: 19322: 19318: 19314: 19308: 19300: 19296: 19292: 19288: 19281: 19273: 19272: 19267: 19260: 19252: 19251: 19246: 19239: 19231: 19225: 19221: 19217: 19210: 19203: 19199: 19195: 19186: 19179: 19175: 19174: 19169: 19164: 19148: 19144: 19143: 19135: 19119: 19115: 19114: 19106: 19090: 19086: 19080: 19076: 19075: 19067: 19059: 19053: 19049: 19045: 19044: 19036: 19028: 19024: 19020: 19016: 19012: 19008: 19004: 19000: 18993: 18977: 18973: 18969: 18962: 18946: 18942: 18938: 18934: 18932:0-312-80510-1 18928: 18924: 18923: 18915: 18899: 18895: 18891: 18884: 18882: 18865: 18861: 18857: 18853: 18849: 18845: 18841: 18837: 18833: 18829: 18825: 18821: 18814: 18798: 18794: 18788: 18786: 18769: 18765: 18761: 18755: 18739: 18735: 18734:HowStuffWorks 18731: 18725: 18709: 18705: 18699: 18683: 18679: 18675: 18668: 18652: 18648: 18644: 18638: 18622: 18618: 18614: 18608: 18606: 18589: 18585: 18581: 18575: 18559: 18555: 18551: 18545: 18526: 18522: 18515: 18509: 18490: 18486: 18479: 18473: 18457: 18453: 18449: 18443: 18427: 18423: 18419: 18413: 18411: 18394: 18390: 18386: 18379: 18363: 18359: 18358: 18353: 18346: 18344: 18324: 18317: 18311: 18303: 18299: 18295: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18277: 18273: 18269: 18265: 18261: 18254: 18238: 18234: 18228: 18212: 18208: 18204: 18197: 18181: 18177: 18173: 18166: 18150: 18146: 18142: 18135: 18119: 18115: 18111: 18104: 18088: 18084: 18083: 18078: 18071: 18063: 18057: 18041: 18035: 18019: 18015: 18011: 18004: 17988: 17984: 17980: 17976: 17972: 17965: 17957: 17953: 17949: 17945: 17941: 17937: 17933: 17929: 17922: 17906: 17902: 17898: 17892: 17890: 17873: 17869: 17865: 17858: 17842: 17838: 17837: 17829: 17827: 17825: 17817: 17803: 17799: 17795: 17788: 17772: 17768: 17764: 17757: 17741: 17737: 17733: 17726: 17710: 17706: 17702: 17695: 17693: 17676: 17672: 17668: 17662: 17646: 17642: 17638: 17631: 17615: 17611: 17607: 17600: 17584: 17580: 17576: 17569: 17553: 17549: 17548: 17547:Aviation Week 17543: 17536: 17520: 17516: 17512: 17506: 17490: 17486: 17485:The Asian Age 17482: 17476: 17460: 17456: 17455: 17450: 17443: 17427: 17423: 17419: 17412: 17404: 17400: 17396: 17389: 17373: 17369: 17363: 17347: 17343: 17339: 17332: 17316: 17312: 17308: 17302: 17286: 17282: 17278: 17272: 17270: 17268: 17251: 17247: 17243: 17237: 17235: 17218: 17214: 17210: 17204: 17202: 17200: 17183: 17179: 17175: 17168: 17152: 17148: 17142: 17126: 17122: 17121: 17116: 17110: 17094: 17090: 17086: 17079: 17063: 17059: 17053: 17037: 17033: 17029: 17023: 17007: 17003: 16997: 16981: 16977: 16973: 16967: 16951: 16947: 16941: 16925: 16921: 16915: 16899: 16895: 16889: 16873: 16869: 16863: 16855: 16851: 16847: 16843: 16839: 16835: 16831: 16827: 16823: 16819: 16818: 16809: 16793: 16789: 16782: 16763: 16756: 16750: 16734: 16730: 16726: 16722: 16716: 16712: 16711: 16706: 16699: 16683: 16679: 16675: 16669: 16653: 16649: 16643: 16627: 16623: 16616: 16600: 16596: 16592: 16586: 16570: 16566: 16559: 16543: 16539: 16535: 16528: 16520: 16516: 16512: 16508: 16504: 16500: 16496: 16492: 16491: 16483: 16467: 16463: 16456: 16448: 16444: 16437: 16430: 16426: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16408: 16402: 16394: 16388: 16384: 16380: 16373: 16365: 16361: 16357: 16353: 16349: 16345: 16341: 16337: 16333: 16329: 16328: 16323: 16317: 16301: 16297: 16294: 16288: 16272: 16268: 16262: 16258: 16254: 16251:. Cambridge: 16249: 16248: 16242: 16236: 16228: 16222: 16218: 16214: 16210: 16206: 16202: 16201:Helaine Selin 16198: 16192: 16185: 16181: 16177: 16173: 16169: 16165: 16161: 16160: 16155: 16148: 16132: 16128: 16122: 16118: 16117: 16109: 16107: 16105: 16103: 16086: 16082: 16078: 16071: 16056: 16052: 16045: 16043: 16026: 16022: 16016: 16005:September 18, 16000: 15996: 15990: 15982: 15976: 15972: 15971: 15963: 15961: 15944: 15940: 15936: 15929: 15927: 15910: 15906: 15902: 15896: 15888: 15884: 15880: 15879: 15871: 15855: 15851: 15850:"Saros Cycle" 15844: 15828: 15824: 15817: 15801: 15797: 15793: 15786: 15770: 15766: 15759: 15752: 15740: 15736: 15732: 15725: 15709: 15705: 15701: 15695: 15693: 15676: 15672: 15665: 15657: 15653: 15649: 15645: 15641: 15637: 15633: 15629: 15625: 15621: 15620: 15612: 15596: 15592: 15588: 15584: 15580: 15573: 15557: 15553: 15549: 15543: 15527: 15523: 15517: 15501: 15497: 15493: 15487: 15479: 15475: 15471: 15467: 15463: 15459: 15455: 15451: 15450: 15442: 15426: 15422: 15421:Bad Astronomy 15418: 15414: 15408: 15400: 15394: 15391:. p. 5. 15390: 15386: 15379: 15363: 15359: 15358: 15353: 15346: 15344: 15327: 15323: 15316: 15314: 15302:September 28, 15297: 15293: 15289: 15283: 15267: 15263: 15256: 15248: 15244: 15243: 15242:New Scientist 15238: 15232: 15216: 15212: 15208: 15201: 15193: 15187: 15183: 15179: 15175: 15169: 15161: 15155: 15151: 15147: 15140: 15124: 15120: 15116: 15110: 15102: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15084: 15080: 15076: 15072: 15068: 15061: 15053: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15035: 15031: 15027: 15023: 15019: 15015: 15011: 15004: 14988: 14984: 14977: 14961: 14957: 14953: 14949: 14945: 14941: 14937: 14933: 14929: 14926:(1): 89–129. 14925: 14921: 14917: 14910: 14899:September 18, 14894: 14890: 14886: 14880: 14872: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14854: 14850: 14846: 14842: 14841: 14836: 14829: 14821: 14817: 14813: 14809: 14805: 14801: 14797: 14793: 14789: 14785: 14784: 14776: 14768: 14764: 14760: 14756: 14752: 14748: 14744: 14740: 14739: 14731: 14729: 14727: 14725: 14723: 14714: 14710: 14706: 14702: 14698: 14694: 14690: 14686: 14685: 14677: 14661: 14657: 14655: 14650: 14643: 14635: 14631: 14627: 14623: 14619: 14615: 14614: 14606: 14604: 14602: 14600: 14583: 14579: 14573: 14569: 14565: 14564: 14556: 14545:September 24, 14537: 14532: 14527: 14523: 14519: 14515: 14511: 14504: 14497: 14481: 14477: 14473: 14466: 14464: 14447: 14443: 14439: 14432: 14416: 14412: 14408: 14401: 14385: 14381: 14380: 14375: 14368: 14352: 14348: 14347: 14342: 14335: 14319: 14315: 14311: 14307: 14303: 14299: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14281: 14277: 14276: 14271: 14264: 14248: 14244: 14240: 14236: 14232: 14228: 14224: 14220: 14216: 14215: 14210: 14203: 14187: 14183: 14179: 14173: 14171: 14154: 14150: 14146: 14139: 14123: 14119: 14115: 14108: 14106: 14097: 14093: 14089: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14071: 14067: 14063: 14059: 14058: 14053: 14046: 14038: 14034: 14030: 14026: 14022: 14018: 14014: 14010: 14006: 14002: 14001: 13992: 13984: 13980: 13976: 13972: 13964: 13948: 13944: 13940: 13933: 13925: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13897: 13893: 13889: 13885: 13881: 13874: 13866: 13862: 13858: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13840: 13836: 13832: 13828: 13827: 13822: 13814: 13806: 13802: 13798: 13794: 13790: 13786: 13782: 13778: 13774: 13770: 13769: 13760: 13752: 13748: 13744: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13726: 13722: 13718: 13714: 13713: 13708: 13701: 13685: 13681: 13677: 13670: 13654: 13650: 13643: 13627: 13623: 13617: 13613: 13609: 13608: 13600: 13592: 13588: 13584: 13580: 13576: 13572: 13568: 13564: 13560: 13556: 13555: 13547: 13528: 13524: 13520: 13516: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13498: 13494: 13490: 13486: 13485: 13477: 13470: 13461: 13456: 13452: 13448: 13444: 13440: 13436: 13429: 13413: 13409: 13403: 13395: 13391: 13387: 13383: 13379: 13375: 13371: 13367: 13363: 13359: 13358: 13349: 13341: 13337: 13330: 13322: 13318: 13314: 13310: 13306: 13302: 13301: 13293: 13285: 13281: 13277: 13273: 13269: 13265: 13258: 13251: 13232: 13228: 13224: 13217: 13210: 13208: 13199: 13195: 13191: 13187: 13183: 13179: 13175: 13168: 13162: 13157: 13141: 13137: 13133: 13129: 13123: 13115: 13109: 13105: 13101: 13094: 13086: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13042: 13038: 13034: 13027: 13011: 13007: 13001: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12971: 12967: 12960: 12944: 12940: 12936: 12929: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12897: 12893: 12892: 12884: 12876: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12858: 12854: 12850: 12846: 12845: 12840: 12833: 12825: 12821: 12817: 12813: 12812: 12804: 12796: 12792: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12775: 12767: 12759: 12755: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12739: 12738: 12730: 12722: 12718: 12717: 12712: 12705: 12697: 12693: 12687: 12679: 12675: 12671: 12664: 12648: 12644: 12643: 12638: 12631: 12629: 12612: 12608: 12604: 12600: 12596: 12589: 12581: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12563: 12559: 12555: 12551: 12550: 12545: 12538: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12518: 12517: 12509: 12493: 12489: 12485: 12481: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12463: 12459: 12455: 12451: 12450: 12445: 12438: 12430: 12426: 12419: 12410: 12405: 12401: 12397: 12393: 12389: 12385: 12378: 12370: 12366: 12362: 12358: 12354: 12347: 12331: 12327: 12323: 12316: 12308: 12302: 12298: 12294: 12293: 12285: 12269: 12265: 12259: 12251: 12247: 12243: 12239: 12235: 12231: 12227: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12208: 12200: 12196: 12190: 12182: 12178: 12174: 12170: 12163: 12147: 12143: 12139: 12135: 12131: 12124: 12116: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12086: 12082: 12078: 12077: 12069: 12061: 12057: 12053: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12037: 12033: 12029: 12025: 12024: 12016: 12014: 12012: 12003: 11999: 11995: 11988: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11938: 11931: 11923: 11919: 11915: 11911: 11907: 11903: 11899: 11895: 11894: 11886: 11870: 11866: 11860: 11856: 11852: 11848: 11847: 11839: 11823: 11819: 11813: 11797: 11793: 11789: 11783: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11755: 11751: 11744: 11742: 11725: 11721: 11717: 11710: 11708: 11699: 11695: 11691: 11684: 11668: 11664: 11660: 11656: 11652: 11648: 11644: 11641:(1): 85–100. 11640: 11636: 11632: 11625: 11609: 11605: 11601: 11594: 11585: 11580: 11573: 11557: 11553: 11549: 11543: 11527: 11523: 11519: 11513: 11494: 11487: 11480: 11472: 11468: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11452: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11436: 11435: 11427: 11411: 11407: 11403: 11399: 11393: 11385: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11364: 11355: 11346: 11341: 11337: 11333: 11329: 11325: 11324: 11319: 11312: 11304: 11300: 11296: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11265: 11257: 11255: 11253: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11221: 11210:September 29, 11202: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11164: 11160: 11159: 11151: 11144: 11128: 11124: 11120: 11113: 11097: 11093: 11089: 11082: 11066: 11062: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11046: 11039: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11009: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10979: 10971: 10967: 10963: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10950: 10942: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10912: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10884: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10867: 10859: 10851: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10833: 10829: 10825: 10821: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10786: 10782: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10751: 10743: 10736: 10728: 10724: 10720: 10716: 10712: 10708: 10707: 10699: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10655: 10654: 10646: 10630: 10626: 10622: 10616: 10600: 10596: 10592: 10585: 10576: 10571: 10567: 10563: 10560:(1): 98–107. 10559: 10555: 10551: 10544: 10536: 10532: 10528: 10524: 10520: 10516: 10511: 10510:gr-qc/0412049 10506: 10502: 10498: 10497: 10489: 10481: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10460: 10452: 10448: 10444: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10428: 10424: 10423: 10414: 10412: 10402: 10397: 10393: 10389: 10385: 10381: 10377: 10373: 10372: 10364: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10333: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10313: 10309: 10305: 10298: 10291: 10283: 10279: 10275: 10268: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10225: 10209: 10205: 10198: 10196: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10186: 10184: 10168: 10164: 10158: 10143: 10139: 10132: 10121:September 24, 10116: 10112: 10108: 10101: 10085: 10081: 10074: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10044: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9978: 9971: 9955: 9951: 9947: 9941: 9933: 9929: 9928: 9920: 9918: 9916: 9907: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9876: 9871: 9864: 9862: 9860: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9828: 9826: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9790: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9760: 9758: 9741: 9737: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9709: 9705: 9701: 9700: 9695: 9688: 9672: 9668: 9667: 9662: 9655: 9647: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9629: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9611: 9607: 9603: 9596: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9545: 9537: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9508: 9500: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9472: 9471: 9463: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9435: 9434: 9426: 9424: 9415: 9411: 9410: 9405: 9398: 9390: 9386: 9382: 9378: 9374: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9351: 9343: 9335: 9331: 9330: 9325: 9319: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9274: 9266: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9208: 9201: 9185: 9181: 9180: 9175: 9169: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9124: 9119: 9113: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9071: 9067: 9066:New Astronomy 9060: 9052: 9048: 9042: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9011: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8974: 8966: 8958: 8954: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8937: 8929: 8913: 8909: 8903: 8899: 8894: 8893: 8884: 8882: 8880: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8847: 8843: 8842: 8834: 8826: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8777: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8747: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8704: 8688: 8684: 8683:explanet.info 8680: 8674: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8644: 8636: 8632: 8626: 8622: 8621: 8613: 8606: 8602: 8601: 8596: 8595:Scott, Robert 8592: 8588: 8579: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8552: 8546: 8538: 8537: 8532: 8526: 8518: 8510: 8506: 8505: 8499: 8492: 8484: 8476: 8472: 8471: 8465: 8458: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8438: 8430: 8422: 8418: 8417: 8411: 8404: 8396: 8388: 8384: 8383: 8377: 8370: 8362: 8356: 8352: 8344: 8336: 8330: 8326: 8325:HarperCollins 8322: 8315: 8299: 8295: 8288: 8272: 8268: 8267: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8235: 8229: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8199: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8173: 8167: 8159: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8120: 8115: 8109: 8107: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8083:(1): 83–219. 8082: 8078: 8077: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8033: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7931: 7923: 7914: 7909: 7905: 7901: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7882: 7880: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7842: 7834: 7823:September 26, 7815: 7808: 7798:September 24, 7790: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7751: 7743: 7741: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7697: 7690: 7686: 7683: 7679: 7673: 7671: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7641: 7633: 7625: 7619: 7615: 7608: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7553: 7545: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7485: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7446: 7438: 7430: 7426: 7420: 7416: 7415: 7407: 7405: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7367: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7334: 7329: 7309: 7302: 7299:See graph in 7296: 7289: 7283: 7276: 7266: 7259: 7245: 7236: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7199:ideal gas law 7196: 7182: 7175: 7172:is 1896 7171: 7165: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7135:minimum value 7131: 7130:maximum value 7125: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7105:3753 Cruithne 7102: 7096: 7090: 7084: 7080: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7021: 7011: 7009: 7005: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6964:and later by 6963: 6959: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6925: 6916: 6912: 6911: 6906: 6902: 6895: 6886: 6885: 6880: 6873: 6863: 6859: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6835: 6831: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6815: 6813: 6809: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6680: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6651: 6650:eight pointed 6647: 6643: 6642:Inanna/Ishtar 6639: 6635: 6631: 6626: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6568: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6539: 6535: 6528: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6502: 6484: 6480: 6473: 6464: 6463:lunar deities 6460: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6400: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6361: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6322: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6289: 6281: 6277: 6267: 6258: 6257:Ancient Greek 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6179:Metonic cycle 6176: 6172: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6148:(ILEWG), the 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6118:international 6114: 6112: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6092:In 2021, the 6090: 6088: 6082: 6079: 6074: 6068: 6064: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6032: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6013: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5984: 5982: 5978: 5973: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5935: 5932:Lunar Module 5929: 5925: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5901: 5895: 5894:apparent size 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5792:Lunar Gateway 5789: 5784: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5756:lunar plaques 5753: 5749: 5748: 5742: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5727:Navajo Nation 5724: 5720: 5719:space burials 5716: 5715:Elysium Space 5712: 5707: 5704: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5612: 5610: 5609:Lunar Gateway 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5561: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5520:Lunar Gateway 5517: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5450: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5433:iSpace Lander 5430: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5388:United States 5385: 5381: 5377: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5361: 5358:in 2020, the 5357: 5353: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5334:to the Moon. 5333: 5332: 5331:Chandrayaan-2 5326: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5313: 5311: 5306: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5278: 5274: 5273: 5268: 5265:along with a 5264: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5253: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5228: 5223: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5204: 5203:Chandrayaan-1 5199: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5165: 5164:multispectral 5161: 5160: 5154: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5133: 5124: 5122: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5041:in 1972, and 5040: 5039: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4974:magnetometers 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4931: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4910:. The crewed 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4825: 4820: 4818: 4813: 4809: 4801: 4797: 4796:Mare Marginis 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4776: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4753:United States 4750: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4732: 4722: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4671: 4666: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4652: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4619: 4617: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4595: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4469: 428 BC 4463: 4459: 4458:ancient Greek 4454: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4385: 4378: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4353: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4307: 4306:lunar eclipse 4300: 4291: 4287: 4286:solar eclipse 4280: 4270: 4269:Eclipse cycle 4266: 4262: 4261:Lunar eclipse 4258: 4257:Solar eclipse 4248: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4235: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4219:lunar eclipse 4215: 4212: 4211:retroreflects 4208: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4194:visual system 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4154: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4124: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4101: 4099: 4083: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 3996: 3992: 3991:synodic month 3988: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3976:tropical year 3973: 3969: 3965: 3964:draconic year 3960: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3949:lunar eclipse 3942: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3856: 3847: 3845: 3840: 3838: 3837:Moon illusion 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3779:tropical year 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3740:apparent size 3737: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3677:Atomic clocks 3674: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3615: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3537:Tidal effects 3530: 3526: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3472:tidal locking 3468: 3467:on the Moon. 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3375: 3374:Double planet 3371: 3367: 3362: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3299: 3298:Chandrayaan-1 3290: 3289: 3288:Chandrayaan-1 3284: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3162: 3160: 3159:distal ejecta 3154: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3031:tidal heating 3029:asymmetrical 3026: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2938:and volcanic 2937: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2925:collapse pits 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2887:or collapsed 2886: 2885:lava channels 2882: 2878: 2874: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2855:impact basins 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2806: 2799: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2702:Lunar terrane 2699: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2576:millisieverts 2573: 2569: 2565: 2558: 2554: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2493:Chandrayaan-1 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2345:that of Earth 2342: 2338: 2335:The Moon has 2328: 2326: 2322: 2321:Doppler shift 2318: 2313: 2311: 2306: 2299: 2292: 2286: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2259: 2257: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2232:orthopyroxene 2229: 2228:clinopyroxene 2225: 2221: 2220:precipitation 2217: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2193:geochemically 2190: 2186: 2178: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2153: 2132: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2103:South America 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2021:Size and mass 2018: 2016: 2011: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1975:The Moon was 1973: 1972:of all ages. 1971: 1967: 1966:impact events 1963: 1962:lunar surface 1959: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1947:tidal effects 1944: 1936: 1931: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1899: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1732: 1717: 1715: 1705: 1700: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1681:selenocentric 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1665:Mount Cynthus 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1612: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1532: 1531: 1524: 1495: 1489: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1410: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381:United States 1378: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1359:soft landings 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1321:, mythology, 1320: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1308:solar eclipse 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280:lunar eclipse 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1240:lunar surface 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1181:dwarf planets 1178: 1177:parent planet 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1093: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1033: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1006: 1001: 998: 995:29.3 to 34.1 994: 991: 986: 982: 979: 978: 971: 964: 956: 954:−2.5 to −12.9 953: 952: 950: 947: 942: 936: 934: 931: 926: 922: 916: 914: 911: 910:absorbed dose 906: 898: 895: 893: 890: 889: 885: 882: 880: 876: 873: 872: 868: 865: 862: 860: 856: 855: 851: 847: 845: 841: 837: 834: 828: 821: 816: 815: 813: 809: 802: 795: 793: 789: 787: 783: 782: 780: 777: 772: 766: 760: 746: 743: 738: 733: 729: 716: 713: 708: 688: 685: 680: 670: 667: 662: 659: 655: 648: 645: 640: 631: 626: 623: 617: 598: 596: 592: 577: 575: 571: 556: 553: 548: 544: 530: 528:Circumference 526: 520: 518: 514: 499: 495: 490: 475: 471: 466: 451: 448: 443: 438: 435: 432: 430: 426: 419: 415: 412: 407: 402: 398: 395: 390: 387: 383: 381: 377: 373: 368: 365: 364:orbital speed 359: 345: 342: 337: 330: 320: 317: 312: 306: 304: 300: 295: 284: 268: 265: 260: 234: 232: 228: 202: 200: 196: 193: 190: 186: 183: 179: 175: 169: 165: 163: 159: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 129: 126: 125: 123: 121: 117: 109: 105: 101: 97: 95: 92: 91: 89: 86: 81: 77: 71: 66: 61: 57: 52: 47: 41: 37: 33: 19: 25297:Solar System 25233:Solar System 25203:Each arrow ( 25125:Local Bubble 25111:Solar System 25109: 24902:Planetesimal 24857:Kuiper cliff 24585:Space probes 24558:Colonization 24397:Kirkwood gap 24318:Saturn Moons 24231:Planetesimal 23830: 23695:Terrestrials 23660: 23653: 23646: 23639: 23632: 23625: 23618: 23611: 23584: 23507:Solar System 23465:Trojan moons 23455:Subsatellite 23293: 23269: 22994:Petit-Prince 22889:Minor-planet 22838:Dwarf planet 22781: 22763:Solar System 22699:Solar System 22665: 22650:Oceanography 22640:Indian Ocean 22630:Arctic Ocean 22570:Age of Earth 22522:Geomagnetism 22205:Thermosphere 22195:Stratosphere 21937:Lunar effect 21753:Nodal period 21679:Colonization 21493:Lunar theory 21186:Selenography 21026:Nodal period 20866: 20824:. Retrieved 20820:the original 20806:February 18, 20804:. Retrieved 20788:. Retrieved 20784:the original 20723:. Retrieved 20719:the original 20714: 20711:"Lunar Maps" 20696:. Retrieved 20694:. NASA. 2007 20691: 20676:. Retrieved 20657:. Retrieved 20653:the original 20629:February 26, 20627:. Retrieved 20528:. Retrieved 20503: 20489:. Retrieved 20470: 20466: 20450:. Retrieved 20413: 20400:. Retrieved 20376: 20365:November 18, 20363:. Retrieved 20354: 20328: 20312:. Retrieved 20288: 20275:. Retrieved 20251:. Retrieved 20230:. Retrieved 20195: 20189: 20172:. Retrieved 20161: 20134: 20131:Spudis, P.D. 20129:Bussey, B.; 20118:. Retrieved 20109: 20096:September 8, 20094:. Retrieved 20083: 20025: 20019: 20009: 19992:, edited by 19989: 19985: 19979: 19973: 19967: 19934: 19928: 19922: 19897: 19891: 19885: 19873:. Retrieved 19864: 19839:. Retrieved 19824: 19812:. Retrieved 19803: 19794: 19759: 19755: 19745: 19733:. Retrieved 19724: 19713: 19701:. Retrieved 19692: 19683: 19673: 19672:"Muhammad." 19668: 19656:. Retrieved 19631: 19621: 19609:. Retrieved 19600: 19590: 19582: 19577: 19572: 19567: 19555:. Retrieved 19535: 19528: 19509: 19503: 19491:. Retrieved 19467: 19443:. Retrieved 19423: 19399:February 23, 19397:. Retrieved 19377: 19370: 19360:November 11, 19358:. Retrieved 19349: 19327:November 22, 19325:. Retrieved 19316: 19307: 19290: 19286: 19280: 19269: 19259: 19248: 19238: 19215: 19209: 19185: 19171: 19163: 19151:. Retrieved 19141: 19134: 19122:. Retrieved 19112: 19105: 19095:February 25, 19093:. Retrieved 19073: 19066: 19043:The Calendar 19042: 19035: 19005:(1): 65–78. 19002: 18998: 18992: 18980:. Retrieved 18972:Science News 18971: 18961: 18949:. Retrieved 18921: 18914: 18902:. Retrieved 18893: 18868:. Retrieved 18827: 18823: 18813: 18801:. Retrieved 18772:. Retrieved 18763: 18754: 18742:. Retrieved 18733: 18724: 18712:. Retrieved 18698: 18686:. Retrieved 18677: 18667: 18655:. Retrieved 18637: 18625:. 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Retrieved 7449: 7443: 7437: 7429:the original 7413: 7370: 7364: 7308: 7295: 7282: 7274: 7265: 7257: 7244: 7235: 7228:dwarf planet 7214: 7181: 7170:angular size 7164: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7103:, including 7095: 7083: 7063:Selenography 7036: 7030: 7026: 7023: 7020:Lunar effect 7014:Lunar effect 7007: 7001: 6974: 6955: 6908: 6882: 6838:انشقاق القمر 6827: 6816: 6812:Chandra/Soma 6805: 6801:Tēcciztēcatl 6773:Coyolxāuhqui 6762: 6742: 6735:Ottoman flag 6706: 6702: 6696:triple deity 6681: 6677:horned deity 6627: 6612: 6577:lunar phases 6574: 6565:in astrology 6546: 6401: 6381:harvest moon 6362: 6347: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6306: 6302: 6291: 6283: 6279: 6265: 6243: 6239: 6237: 6225:time periods 6221:Tally sticks 6210: 6205:lunar cycles 6134:multilateral 6129: 6115: 6107: 6093: 6091: 6083: 6077: 6075: 6060: 6033: 6017:Soviet Union 6010: 6008: 5987:Legal status 5980: 5974: 5951: 5947:Moon landing 5933: 5875: 5869: 5858: 5854:ionic liquid 5823: 5785: 5766: 5759: 5745: 5743: 5708: 5703:Space debris 5701: 5682: 5678:Alice Gorman 5663: 5621:Space debris 5615:Human impact 5582: 5563: 5528: 5509: 5491: 5427: 5404: 5384:Soviet Union 5373: 5369:Moon Village 5349: 5342: 5336: 5329: 5327: 5316: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5297:soft landing 5290: 5270: 5256: 5250: 5248: 5239: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5216: 5201: 5191: 5181: 5175: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5146: 5140: 5138: 5118: 5083:Solar System 5060: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5023: 5010: 4970:seismometers 4955: 4932: 4889: 4870: 4858: 4852: 4849:soft landing 4838: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4805: 4800:Mare Smythii 4792:Mare Crisium 4749:Soviet Union 4741:World War II 4738: 4735:Moon landing 4719:astrogeology 4696:, the first 4684:Wilhelm Beer 4667: 4648: 4640: 4611:Song dynasty 4592: 4584:A True Story 4582: 4564: 4558: 4511: 4460:philosopher 4455: 4435:Orthostat 47 4433: 4426:tally sticks 4415: 4384: 4367: 4356: 4349: 4341:solar corona 4313: 4238: 4231: 4216: 4159: 4130: 4102: 3997:is given by 3994: 3987:lunar phases 3984: 3961: 3946: 3899: 3884: 3861: 3841: 3818: 3799: 3760: 3745: 3722: 3705: 3693: 3689:leap seconds 3681:microseconds 3670: 3651: 3643: 3622: 3618: 3610: 3599:seismometers 3592: 3577: 3569:tidal forces 3566: 3500: 3469: 3446: 3442:around Earth 3427: 3416: 3389:Lunar theory 3361: 3345: 3341: 3337:upper mantle 3326: 3314: 3296: 3294: 3286: 3270: 3256: 3250: 3231: 3208:Mare Ingenii 3206:feature and 3204:Reiner Gamma 3185: 3181:Reiner Gamma 3171:Lunar swirls 3165:Lunar swirls 3155: 3144: 3108: 3074:basins, and 3061: 3027: 3015: 3011: 3009: 2990: 2982:Mare Imbrium 2963:mare basalts 2956: 2948:scoria cones 2929: 2905: 2879: 2875: 2863: 2842: 2836: 2834: 2786: 2775: 2728: 2698:Selenography 2687: 2683:megaregolith 2682: 2656: 2642: 2627:−171 °C 2620: 2593: 2562: 2516:A permanent 2515: 2503: 2491: 2460:polonium-210 2401: 2334: 2314: 2296:0.1654 2282: 2253: 2240:incompatible 2213: 2182: 2143: km/h; 2129:0.1654 2118: 2080: 2063:. While the 2057:dwarf planet 2046: 2007: 1985:mare basalts 1974: 1955: 1940: 1912: 1900: 1892: 1879: 1869: 1852: 1845:giant impact 1842: 1809: 1750: 1710: 1703: 1685: 1680: 1677:pericynthion 1676: 1672: 1669:lunar orbits 1650: 1645:selenography 1643: 1639: 1635: 1627: 1578: 1568: 1566: 1528: 1493: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1442: 1422: 1418: 1412: 1374: 1343:Soviet Union 1327:time keeping 1316: 1298:, while the 1284:lunar phases 1272:cooled magma 1256:their ejecta 1237: 1171:, it is the 1169:Solar System 1150: 1126:synchronized 1122:Tidal forces 1101: 1099: 1036: 1029: 976: 959: 755: 698: km/h; 653: 651:0.1654 607: 586: 565: 552:Surface area 539: 508: 484: 460: 303:Eccentricity 277: 68:Designations 40: 25281:Outer space 25269:Spaceflight 25166:Local Sheet 25160:Local Group 24943:Rubble pile 24931:Roche limit 24926:Ring system 24877:Outer space 24852:Kuiper belt 24822:Hill sphere 24817:Hills cloud 24765:Debris disk 24760:Cosmic dust 24544:Exploration 24499:Planet Nine 24484:Fifth giant 24458:Hills cloud 24419:Kuiper belt 24390:exceptional 24306:Trojan camp 23430:Inner moons 23136:Skamandrios 22447:Cartography 22386:Environment 22253:Climatology 22190:Troposphere 22046:Moon Treaty 22030:Hollow Moon 21972:Moon rabbit 21944:Earth phase 21746:Lunar month 21633:Exploration 21577:Experiments 21479:Observation 21341:Ray systems 21206:Hemispheres 21174:Surface and 21155:Tidal range 21134:Tidal force 20937:Sodium tail 20921:Hill sphere 20613:Google Maps 20329:On the Moon 19994:Joe Nickell 19841:November 8, 19735:November 4, 19703:November 1, 19445:October 28, 19266:"menstrual" 18982:November 4, 18774:November 1, 18744:November 1, 18678:OpinioJuris 17847:November 1, 17777:February 3, 17746:November 9, 17465:January 10, 17321:January 19, 17291:February 1, 17256:February 1, 17223:February 1, 17131:October 15, 17002:"Chang'e 1" 16688:February 6, 16658:February 6, 16445:. Detroit: 16241:Lewis, C.S. 16197:Sarma, K.V. 16166:(6): 1–75. 15745:November 4, 14452:December 5, 14421:November 7, 14390:October 26, 14357:October 26, 14324:October 26, 14253:October 26, 13536:October 25, 13445:: 516–527. 13043:: 182–196. 13016:November 1, 12990:November 1, 12653:October 14, 11502:December 8, 10757:(1): 1–18. 9802:: 138–146. 9746:November 2, 9677:November 2, 9561:: 302–310. 9072:: 115–121. 7205:): 10 7189:by day and 7107:, that are 6989:colonialism 6966:spaceflight 6777:Moon Rabbit 6719:Virgin Mary 6694:, which as 6657:Utu/Shamash 6630:Mesopotamia 6549:cosmologies 6534:Moon rabbit 6512:velificatio 6490: 2100 6424:Lunar deity 6393:the Chinese 6242:as well as 6191:(c. 25,000 6165:Timekeeping 6126:Moon Treaty 5920:Buzz Aldrin 5882:Bill Anders 5880:, taken by 5750:art piece, 5747:Moon Museum 5731:Albert Hale 5693:tardigrades 5597:south polar 5593:lunar north 5570:Lunar orbit 5502:first woman 5472:from left: 5462:first woman 5365:Moon Treaty 5267:lunar rover 5121:Moon treaty 5090:Earth orbit 5057:Moon Treaty 5006:Explorer 49 4782:, taken by 4616:Middle Ages 4594:Aryabhatiya 4561:Han dynasty 4550:Aristarchus 4485:Saros cycle 4370:occultation 4227:blood moons 4166:reflectance 4117:solid angle 3989:during the 3915:Lunar phase 3783:Zooplankton 3767:South Poles 3756:lunar phase 3752:culmination 3713:ring system 3709:Roche limit 3573:Ocean tides 3543:Tidal force 3461:lunar month 3453:lunar phase 3444:9.5 times. 3393:Lunar orbit 3228:Lunar water 3020:plagioclase 2934:containing 2901:Rima Hadley 2778:fault scarp 2759:Serenitatis 2623:120 °C 2594:The Moon's 2568:cosmic rays 2557:Gene Cernan 2498:sublimation 2303:5.318 2244:anorthosite 2236:plagioclase 2037:to be round 1981:lunar maria 1915:protoplanet 1908:Roche limit 1863:Roche limit 1859:proto-Earth 1857:) with the 1762:ray systems 1456:, genitive 1427:Old English 1337:. In 1959, 1335:spaceflight 1319:cosmography 1300:reflectance 1290:in Earth's 1209:hydrosphere 1205:terrestrial 1130:lunar month 833:declination 792:orbit plane 784:1.5424° to 628:3.344 614:of Earth's) 447:Mean radius 418:Progressing 380:Inclination 370:1.022 74:Designation 25291:Categories 25185:Local Hole 25132:Gould Belt 24872:Oort cloud 24708:Formation, 24698:Deep space 24534:Vulcanoids 24451:Oort cloud 24375:first 1000 24311:Greek camp 24209:Meteoroids 24204:Damocloids 24150:Charikloan 23194:Sila–Nunam 23060:Cleoselene 23055:Alexhelios 23033:Gorgoneion 22971:Euphrosyne 22898:Near-Earth 22840:satellites 22773:satellites 22552:Tomography 22537:Seismology 22504:Geophysics 22479:Navigation 22371:Time zones 22336:In culture 22281:Antarctica 22268:Continents 22200:Mesosphere 22172:Atmosphere 22016:Apollo era 21958:Pareidolia 21716:navigation 21438:Sputtering 21318:Lava tubes 21240:South pole 21233:North pole 21193:Terminator 21035:Precession 20951:Earthshine 20907:Atmosphere 20900:Topography 20885:properties 20790:August 27, 20508:. Tucson: 20421:. p. 20106:"The Moon" 19998:Barry Karr 19632:Substantia 18243:October 3, 18046:January 7, 18024:January 7, 17814:Note: see 17012:October 3, 16798:August 29, 16462:"The Moon" 16255:. p. 16137:August 22, 15413:Phil Plait 15272:January 2, 15129:January 5, 14588:August 22, 14568:Birkhäuser 14289:2005.05369 14192:August 21, 14159:August 21, 14128:August 21, 13632:August 22, 13050:1810.10676 12851:: E00G09. 11853:. p. 11241:August 18, 11055:(1): 2–9. 9619:2210.01814 9079:1609.07474 8519:required.) 8485:required.) 8464:"selenian" 8443:"selenian" 8431:required.) 8397:required.) 8133:2110.15285 8126:: 114768. 7475:10316/4391 7452:(1): 1–9. 7324:References 7286:The Sun's 7174:arcseconds 7143:earthshine 7109:co-orbital 6856:See also: 6703:trimorphos 6698:under the 6591:at 40,000 6450:Moon magic 6444:See also: 6395:lunisolar 6111:Lunar time 6021:U.S. flags 5991:See also: 5966:lunar dust 5918:Astronaut 5890:Moon's sky 5838:telescopes 5834:lunar soil 5786:There are 5777:librations 5729:president 5619:See also: 5558:See also: 5516:lunar base 5447:See also: 5437:Blue Ghost 5292:Lunokhod 2 5261:, a lunar 5159:Clementine 5079:Pioneer 10 5047:in 1976). 5020:Lunokhod 1 4943:Space Race 4918:, in 1968 4765:Space Race 4757:spacecraft 4755:to launch 4743:the first 4731:Space Race 4729:See also: 4530:Archimedes 4462:Anaxagoras 4375:precession 4241:full moons 4207:lunar soil 4176:after the 4138:outgassing 4098:elongation 3953:Earthlight 3913:See also: 3891:frictional 3725:See also: 3606:astronauts 3595:moonquakes 3423:barycenter 3364:See also: 3258:Clementine 3242:solar wind 3212:solar wind 3001:Moonquakes 2889:lava tubes 2841:(singular 2802:17 °C 2721:astronaut 2671:lunar soil 2659:comminuted 2596:axial tilt 2531:Quadrantid 2424:sputtering 2420:outgassing 2414:(0.3 2404:atmosphere 2360:Atmosphere 2341:nanoteslas 2289:1.62 2272:John Young 2270:Astronaut 2177:lunar mare 2150: mph) 2112:having an 1867:2.56 1831:primordial 1766:Copernicus 1413:The usual 1407:See also: 1244:lunar dust 1213:atmosphere 1003:Atmosphere 997:arcminutes 917:13.2 μGy/h 899:230 K 896:150 K 891:85°N 886:390 K 883:250 K 790:6.687° to 776:Axial tilt 705: mph) 604:10 kg 583:10 km 562:10 km 543:equatorial 517:Flattening 505:.0 km 481:.1 km 470:Equatorial 457:.4 km 401:Regressing 281:1.28 120:Adjectives 25245:Astronomy 25146:Milky Way 25139:Orion Arm 24907:Formation 24892:Migration 24887:Disrupted 24755:Coatlicue 24723:Accretion 24710:evolution 24656:Asteroids 24568:astronomy 24563:Discovery 24424:Cubewanos 24345:Asteroids 24175:Quaoarian 24165:Neptunian 24155:Chironean 24140:Saturnian 23922:Enceladus 23359:Enceladus 23233:Gǃòʼé ǃHú 23144:Eurybates 23122:Menoetius 23116:Patroclus 23105:Dinkinesh 23050:Kleopatra 22953:Main belt 22913:Dimorphos 22771:Planetary 22469:Geomatics 22414:Ecosystem 22399:Biosphere 22361:Etymology 22341:Earth Day 22291:Australia 22210:Exosphere 21764:Fortnight 21656:Explorers 21613:Apollo 17 21606:Apollo 11 21569:Volcanism 21539:Timescale 21486:Libration 21274:Mountains 21212:Near side 21118:Supermoon 21058:Full moon 21012:Libration 20944:Moonlight 20725:April 12, 20698:April 12, 20678:April 12, 20659:April 12, 20649:U.S. Navy 20555:data, on 20530:March 10, 20491:April 12, 20452:April 12, 20324:Moore, P. 20232:April 12, 19875:April 13, 19786:195847287 19648:2532-3997 19634:: 39–44. 19557:April 28, 19245:"measure" 19196: in 19153:March 29, 19124:March 29, 19027:129091602 18860:158616075 18852:2168-0256 18824:New Space 18657:March 28, 18594:March 28, 18564:March 28, 18534:March 28, 18498:March 28, 18462:March 28, 18432:March 28, 18357:Space.com 18302:257753776 18294:1867-8548 18217:March 27, 18186:March 27, 18155:March 27, 18124:March 27, 18082:Space.com 17956:233335692 17948:2168-0256 17928:New Space 17767:Space.com 17715:April 11, 17620:April 27, 17610:Space.com 17589:April 27, 17558:April 12, 17525:April 16, 17454:SpaceNews 17422:SpaceNews 17378:April 15, 17342:Space.com 17188:April 19, 17178:Space.com 17157:April 12, 17120:The Hindu 17089:Space.com 17068:April 13, 17042:April 13, 16986:March 29, 16956:March 29, 16930:March 29, 16904:March 29, 16771:March 16, 16739:August 1, 16632:March 16, 16605:April 13, 16575:April 20, 16548:April 13, 16472:April 12, 16091:April 12, 16031:April 12, 15915:March 17, 15860:March 17, 15833:April 12, 15796:Fourmilab 15775:March 17, 15681:March 16, 15562:March 19, 15506:March 23, 15478:122918899 15389:Routledge 15368:March 19, 15332:March 19, 15211:Space.com 15101:231938488 14993:March 17, 14956:124256137 14948:1572-9478 14767:122853694 14713:120692155 14314:218595642 14243:228954129 14182:Space.com 14037:206525375 13953:April 13, 13690:April 12, 13659:March 28, 13501:CiteSeerX 12949:April 12, 12920:134074700 12781:: 37–45. 12617:April 12, 12498:April 12, 12466:CiteSeerX 12336:April 12, 12250:182137223 12242:1752-0894 12152:April 12, 12115:128767066 11828:March 15, 11802:March 17, 11772:April 12, 11730:March 20, 11614:August 7, 11604:Space.com 11281:CiteSeerX 11172:0706.3949 11133:March 17, 11102:August 8, 11071:August 8, 11028:August 8, 10998:August 8, 10931:March 17, 10767:CiteSeerX 10451:129184748 10353:April 10, 10340:206530647 10259:124703189 10214:April 12, 10033:April 12, 9736:264869152 9646:249267497 9364:1012.5323 9242:128609987 9118:Canup, R. 9104:119285032 8870:122622374 8766:August 3, 8738:198997377 8693:April 28, 8663:April 28, 8568:March 23, 8531:"selenic" 8498:"selenic" 8410:"Cynthia" 8269:. Brill. 8158:240071005 7785:189842666 7731:119603394 7591:0148-0227 7395:130734866 7041:Aristotle 6958:telescope 6775:) or the 6731:heraldric 6634:Nanna/Sîn 6559:, and an 6555:or being 6483:Nanna/Sîn 6365:full moon 6307:menstrual 6197:ovulation 6034:The 1967 6009:Although 5993:Space law 5962:Apollo 17 5943:Apollo 11 5941:, during 5877:Earthrise 5861:Apollo 16 5773:Chang'e 3 5689:Beresheet 5511:Luna-Glob 5470:Clockwise 5468:in 1972. 5466:Apollo 17 5458:Artemis 2 5407:Chang'e 6 5380:soft land 5371:concept. 5350:The U.S. 5344:Chang'e 5 5318:Chang'e 4 5258:Chang'e 3 5252:Chang'e 2 5244:altimetry 5193:Chang'e 1 5116:, 1971). 5104:, 1972), 5035:in 1970, 5002:Apollo 17 4978:Apollo 12 4958:Apollo 13 4939:Apollo 11 4872:Earthrise 4808:Sputnik 1 4649:In 1609, 4589:Aryabhata 4571:Jing Fang 4514:Aristotle 4352:red giant 4345:naked eye 4322:occur at 4245:moonlight 4234:blue moon 4223:refracted 4186:full moon 4121:supermoon 4047:⁡ 4017:⁡ 4011:− 3919:Moonlight 3876:dark moon 3868:near side 3844:libration 3791:moonlight 3775:polar day 3736:Libration 3701:red giant 3584:libration 3511:perturbed 3496:libration 3492:near side 3465:solar day 3413:and Earth 3354:(SOFIA). 3333:Apollo 17 3295:The 2008 3123:Orientale 3106:impacts. 3104:secondary 3072:peak ring 3023:cumulates 3016:highlands 2909:Taruntius 2793:Apollo 11 2771:Orientale 2719:Apollo 17 2679:gunpowder 2518:Moon dust 2484:magnesium 2456:radon-222 2432:potassium 2392:Apollo 17 2382:with the 2354:antipodes 2248:Moon rock 2195:distinct 2156:Structure 2078:planets. 2010:ellipsoid 1827:dissipate 1776:Formation 1389:Apollo 17 1385:Apollo 11 1312:libration 1292:night sky 1278:during a 1248:mountains 1138:same side 1134:lunar day 963:full moon 877:100 768:4.627 m/s 257: km) 225: km) 25199:Universe 25037:Moonlets 24617:programs 24590:timeline 24578:timeline 24509:Planet X 24504:Planet V 24441:Sednoids 24429:Plutinos 24402:Centaurs 24380:families 24115:Dysnomia 24103:Xiangliu 24098:Gonggong 24086:Makemake 24045:Kerberos 23932:Hyperion 23870:Callisto 23865:Ganymede 23798:Gonggong 23793:Makemake 23648:Gonggong 23641:Makemake 23404:Hyperion 23354:Dysnomia 23284:Callisto 23264:Ganymede 23087:Olympias 22957:Kalliope 22927:Squannit 22902:Florence 22874:Gonggong 22869:Makemake 22717:Category 22103:Category 21898:Moonrise 21831:Crescent 21771:Sennight 21686:Moonbase 21642:Missions 21311:Calderas 21219:Far side 21177:features 21065:Eclipses 21051:New moon 20996:Distance 20883:Physical 20762:Archived 20748:Archived 20609:The Moon 20524:Archived 20485:Archived 20446:Archived 20402:June 11, 20396:Archived 20359:Archived 20326:(2001). 20314:June 11, 20308:Archived 20271:Archived 20247:Archived 20245:. NASA. 20226:Archived 20168:Archived 20133:(2004). 20114:Archived 20090:Archived 20060:15429616 20052:18786384 19959:34184527 19869:Archived 19835:Archived 19814:April 9, 19808:Archived 19729:Archived 19697:Archived 19658:April 8, 19652:Archived 19611:April 8, 19605:Archived 19578:together 19551:Archived 19493:June 11, 19487:Archived 19439:Archived 19393:Archived 19354:Archived 19321:Archived 19147:Archived 19118:Archived 19089:Archived 19019:25130482 18976:Archived 18951:July 30, 18945:Archived 18904:April 9, 18898:Archived 18870:July 30, 18864:Archived 18797:Archived 18768:Archived 18738:Archived 18714:June 17, 18708:Archived 18682:Archived 18651:Archived 18627:April 9, 18621:Archived 18588:Archived 18558:Archived 18456:Archived 18426:Archived 18393:Archived 18362:Archived 18237:Archived 18180:Archived 18149:Archived 18145:MIT News 18087:Archived 18056:cite web 18018:Archived 17987:Archived 17911:April 9, 17905:Archived 17878:April 9, 17872:Archived 17841:Archived 17802:Archived 17771:Archived 17740:Archived 17709:Archived 17675:Archived 17671:Phys.org 17645:Archived 17614:Archived 17583:Archived 17552:Archived 17519:Archived 17489:Archived 17459:Archived 17426:Archived 17372:Archived 17346:Archived 17315:Archived 17311:BBC News 17285:Archived 17250:Archived 17217:Archived 17182:Archived 17151:Archived 17125:Archived 17099:June 29, 17093:Archived 17036:Archived 17006:Archived 16980:Archived 16924:Archived 16878:April 6, 16872:Archived 16870:. NASA. 16854:10157934 16846:17781305 16762:Archived 16733:Archived 16729:00061677 16626:Archived 16599:Archived 16597:. NASA. 16569:Archived 16542:Archived 16519:41861791 16490:Leonardo 16364:84491987 16306:March 9, 16300:Archived 16271:Archived 16243:(1964). 16209:Springer 16131:Archived 16085:Archived 15999:Archived 15943:Archived 15800:Archived 15739:Archived 15714:April 9, 15708:Archived 15675:Archived 15648:17093445 15601:April 4, 15556:Archived 15526:Archived 15500:Archived 15496:BBC News 15425:Archived 15296:Archived 15266:Archived 15247:Archived 15215:Archived 15176:(1993). 15123:Archived 15052:28119545 14966:July 30, 14960:Archived 14893:Archived 14889:BBC News 14871:55131241 14820:13584636 14812:17745840 14660:Archived 14656:Magazine 14582:Archived 14536:Archived 14480:Archived 14446:Archived 14415:Archived 14384:Archived 14351:Archived 14318:Archived 14247:Archived 14186:Archived 14153:Archived 14122:Archived 14118:BBC News 14096:44437587 14088:21617039 14029:20966242 13924:30126996 13857:19779151 13797:18615079 13626:Archived 13591:21185695 13583:17840827 13527:Archived 13523:10356393 13412:Archived 13386:27734864 13340:Archived 13240:April 4, 13085:32934397 12984:Archived 12824:24103498 12721:Archived 12696:Archived 12678:Archived 12647:Archived 12611:Archived 12492:Archived 12488:14917901 12330:Archived 12297:Springer 12274:July 19, 12199:Archived 12175:: 1259. 12146:Archived 12060:41861312 12052:17737079 11979:73491587 11971:30810338 11869:Archived 11724:Archived 11720:BBC News 11698:Archived 11673:July 30, 11667:Archived 11663:45209988 11608:Archived 11562:July 28, 11556:Archived 11532:July 28, 11526:Archived 11493:Archived 11463:26085272 11416:June 20, 11303:10406165 11235:Archived 11197:16821394 11096:Archived 11092:EarthSky 11065:Archived 11022:Archived 10992:Archived 10903:23227936 10895:19150839 10850:31911941 10727:23580504 10690:40110502 10682:17801458 10629:Archived 10599:Archived 10535:14801321 10332:21212323 10282:Archived 10115:Archived 10084:Archived 10063:April 6, 10024:Archived 10012:25079322 9954:Archived 9842:Archived 9773:Archived 9740:Archived 9728:37914947 9671:Archived 9536:24115419 9389:53064179 9302:18097403 9255:April 8, 9152:11507633 9031:April 7, 9025:Archived 9002:53516498 8912:Archived 8841:The Moon 8825:28097222 8760:Archived 8687:Archived 8657:Archived 8635:Archived 8562:Archived 8304:July 30, 8298:Archived 8277:March 5, 8271:Archived 8248:April 6, 8242:Archived 8218:April 6, 8182:Archived 8177:NBC News 8046:Archived 8021:32978156 7959:37706412 7870:18806861 7814:Archived 7703:The Moon 7685:Archived 7678:The Moon 7599:17475023 7528:Archived 7484:55214551 7139:new moon 7052:See also 6960:enabled 6931:Moonrise 6846:Muhammad 6781:Tu'er Ye 6741:(as the 6638:Sumerian 6581:crescent 6571:Crescent 6479:crescent 6436:Crescent 6373:southern 6215:and its 5896:of 1° 48 5892:with an 5886:Apollo 8 5779:through 5735:cremated 5711:Celestis 5637:Moonbase 5429:Nova-C 2 5419:Pakistan 5224:and the 5147:Hagoromo 5139:In 1990 5081:, 1972) 4920:Apollo 8 4906:and the 4881:Apollo 8 4761:Cold War 4751:and the 4703:volcanic 4693:Der Mond 4607:Shen Kuo 4603:sunlight 4500:Shi Shen 4324:new moon 4251:Eclipses 4209:, which 4076:, where 3880:new moon 3872:far side 3850:Rotation 3810:wet moon 3748:altitude 3480:rotation 3307:hydroxyl 3188:regolith 3115:Nectaris 3092:Schiller 3053:Daedalus 2984:forming 2978:hardened 2930:Several 2921:calderas 2913:Gassendi 2851:basaltic 2667:regolith 2600:ecliptic 2488:regolith 2480:hydrogen 2472:nitrogen 2452:argon-40 2444:helium-4 2279:jumping. 2123:, after 2110:landmass 2107:American 1997:far side 1943:eclipses 1917:, named 1887:isotopic 1671:such as 1636:selenium 1632:selenium 1579:Selenian 1458:*mēneses 1436:Germanic 1367:achieved 1349:and the 1323:religion 1195:'s moon 1108:'s only 1011:pressure 1009:Surface 928:Surface 908:Surface 857:Surface 818:17 47 26 786:ecliptic 536: km 386:ecliptic 362:Average 274: km 241: km 209: km 152:(poetic) 144:(poetic) 142:Cynthian 136:(poetic) 134:Selenian 110:(poetic) 102:(poetic) 18:The Moon 25219:Portals 25020:Related 24999:by size 24688:Neptune 24673:Jupiter 24624:Mercury 24549:outline 24494:Phaeton 24489:Nemesis 24476:objects 24328:Neptune 24301:Jupiter 24281:Trojans 24274:Neptune 24259:Jupiter 24239:Mercury 24170:Haumean 24160:Uranian 24142: ( 24062:Hiʻiaka 23996:Proteus 23986:Neptune 23974:Miranda 23964:Umbriel 23954:Titania 23942:all 146 23907:Iapetus 23860:Jupiter 23754:Neptune 23732:Jupiter 23700:Mercury 23682:Planets 23607:Neptune 23592:Jupiter 23565:Mercury 23394:Hiʻiaka 23374:Proteus 23364:Miranda 23334:Umbriel 23324:Iapetus 23309:Titania 23270:largest 23257:by size 23242:2013 FY 23199:Salacia 23185:2002 UX 23107:(Selam) 23095:Pulcova 23045:Elektra 23040:Camilla 23023:Minerva 23008:Romulus 22988:Eugenia 22981:Peneius 22943:2001 SN 22936:1994 CC 22907:Didymos 22807:Neptune 22792:Jupiter 22761:of the 22562:Geology 22474:Gravity 22439:Geodesy 22409:Ecology 22225:Climate 22215:Weather 22162:History 22157:Outline 21922:Related 21912:Moonset 21695:Tourism 21672:Landing 21532:Geology 21471:Science 21327:Craters 21290:Valleys 20876:Outline 20826:May 24, 20583:YouTube 20572:YouTube 20561:YouTube 20200:Bibcode 20030:Bibcode 19951:3070616 19914:3885282 19764:Bibcode 19295:Bibcode 19293:: 425. 19198:Liddell 18941:6890108 18832:Bibcode 18803:May 10, 18688:May 10, 18272:Bibcode 17993:May 26, 17979:Bibcode 17808:July 3, 17495:May 15, 17403:Twitter 16826:Bibcode 16817:Science 16624:. CNN. 16511:1576348 16356:3296915 16336:Bibcode 16213:Bibcode 16203:(ed.). 16180:1006543 16060:May 26, 15949:May 26, 15883:Bibcode 15656:7679109 15628:Bibcode 15587:Bibcode 15585:: 110. 15458:Bibcode 15221:June 1, 15079:Bibcode 15043:5247521 15022:Bibcode 14928:Bibcode 14849:Bibcode 14792:Bibcode 14783:Science 14747:Bibcode 14693:Bibcode 14622:Bibcode 14518:Bibcode 14294:Bibcode 14223:Bibcode 14066:Bibcode 14009:Bibcode 14000:Science 13979:Bibcode 13915:6130389 13892:Bibcode 13835:Bibcode 13826:Science 13805:4394004 13777:Bibcode 13751:9005608 13743:9727973 13721:Bibcode 13712:Science 13563:Bibcode 13554:Science 13493:Bibcode 13484:Science 13447:Bibcode 13418:May 21, 13394:4443574 13366:Bibcode 13309:Bibcode 13272:Bibcode 13186:Bibcode 13146:May 12, 13132:SMART-1 13076:7489467 13055:Bibcode 12900:Bibcode 12875:7234547 12853:Bibcode 12783:Bibcode 12746:Bibcode 12716:Science 12642:Science 12603:Bibcode 12580:9727970 12558:Bibcode 12549:Science 12525:Bibcode 12523:: 413. 12458:Bibcode 12396:Bibcode 12365:Bibcode 12363:: 383. 12222:Bibcode 12177:Bibcode 12138:Bibcode 12085:Bibcode 12032:Bibcode 12023:Science 11998:Bibcode 11949:Bibcode 11922:4245137 11902:Bibcode 11758:Bibcode 11643:Bibcode 11471:4453018 11443:Bibcode 11372:Bibcode 11332:Bibcode 11273:Bibcode 11177:Bibcode 10958:Bibcode 10875:Bibcode 10866:Science 10841:6938704 10820:Bibcode 10759:Bibcode 10706:Science 10662:Bibcode 10653:Science 10562:Bibcode 10515:Bibcode 10431:Bibcode 10380:Bibcode 10312:Bibcode 10304:Science 10239:Bibcode 10020:4452886 9992:Bibcode 9906:9570915 9884:Bibcode 9848:May 16, 9804:Bibcode 9708:Bibcode 9624:Bibcode 9563:Bibcode 9516:Bibcode 9507:Science 9479:Bibcode 9442:Bibcode 9369:Bibcode 9310:4416259 9282:Bibcode 9222:Bibcode 9160:4413525 9132:Bibcode 9084:Bibcode 8982:Bibcode 8945:Bibcode 8850:Bibcode 8816:5226643 8795:Bibcode 8718:Bibcode 8603:at the 8188:May 30, 8138:Bibcode 8085:Bibcode 8052:June 1, 8012:7518862 7991:Bibcode 7939:Bibcode 7892:Bibcode 7850:Bibcode 7765:Bibcode 7711:Bibcode 7649:Bibcode 7561:Bibcode 7522:. NASA/ 7454:Bibcode 7375:Bibcode 7089:equator 7032:lunatic 6913:(1902, 6819:alchemy 6797:Metztli 6747:of the 6717:, with 6700:epithet 6688:Artemis 6655:), and 6557:a deity 6536:of the 6508:chariot 6459:aspects 6387:of the 6303:measure 5846:epoxies 5601:Queqiao 5486:Wiseman 5423:ICUBE-Q 5302:Luna 24 5277:Chinese 5183:SMART-1 5180:(ESA) ( 5086:planets 5044:Luna 24 5038:Luna 20 5032:Luna 16 5013:Luna 17 4951:Luna 15 4860:Luna 10 4819:program 4637:Galileo 4575:Ptolemy 4491:, and 4337:annular 4192:in the 4170:asphalt 4109:perigee 4096:is the 3970:to the 3825:perigee 3814:tropics 3785:in the 3777:of the 3761:At the 3632:inertia 3478:. This 3470:Due to 3269:on the 3263:Arecibo 3119:Imbrium 3096:Daniell 3088:Messier 3084:Janssen 3055:on the 2917:Hyginus 2782:Mercury 2767:Smythii 2763:Crisium 2755:Imbrium 2648:Hermite 2610:at the 2580:daytime 2527:Geminid 2436:Mercury 2390:. 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