Madonna (art) - Knowledge

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for fashioning such figures. One of the most brilliant example of this syncretic form is the figure called the Good Shepherd Rockery (also known as the Good Shepherd Mount or Bom Pastor) which "displays the coming together of cultures in both its iconography and its features, encapsulating how Goan sculptors created images of the divine that are Catholic, European, and South Asian". The child form of Christ in this figure, with round face and smooth skin were perhaps drawn from sculptures of baby Krishna.

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liturgy is celebrated in the West. She is also found in sculpted form, whether small ivories for private devotion, or large sculptural reliefs and free-standing sculpture. As a participant in sacred drama, her image inspires one of the most important fresco cycles in all of Italian painting: Giotto's narrative cycle in the Arena Chapel, next to the Scrovegni family's palace in Padua. This program dates to the first decade of the 14th century.

5306: 671: 2216:"An impressive idol of Devaki, carrying the infant lord on her waist, stands at the inner sanctum of the temple. The image is unusual because while there exists a plethora of temples in the country dedicated to Krishna, there is no image of Devaki". Historian Anant Dhume, in his book 'The Cultural History of Goa from 10,000 BC to 1352 AD', compares the idol with the image of Madonna and the Christ child because of the similarities. 1958: 2339: 713: 2139:: "Christians sometimes came to do honour to the Sanctuary of Abraham, and they were made welcome like all the rest. Moreover one Christian had been allowed and even encouraged to paint an icon of the Virgin Mary and the child Christ on an inside wall of the Ka'bah, where it sharply contrasted with all the other paintings. But 2329:

The everlasting tenderness of the mother-child figure, of motherhood and the unconditional bond of love and warmth that this relationship holds, "that the Christ child on Madonna's lap signifies and is reverberated in the image of Krishna-Yashoda or Devaki, is perhaps what marks the culture of love",

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were more or less insensitive to this contrast: for them it was simply a question of increasing the multitude of idols by another two; and it was partly their tolerance that made them so impenetrable.... Apart from the icon of the Virgin Mary and the child Jesus, and a painting of an old man, said to

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for prayers that flow from the Christian, to her, and only then, to her son. However, late medieval Italian artists also followed the trends of Byzantine icon painting, developing their own methods of depicting the Madonna. Sometimes, the Madonna's complex bond with her tiny child takes the form of a

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Despite all of the innovations of painters of the Madonna during the 13th and 14th centuries, Mary can usually be recognized by virtue of her attire. Customarily when she is represented as a youthful mother of her newborn child, she wears a deeply saturated blue mantle over a red garment. This mantle

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period and was used widely in Medieval and Renaissance times. These representations of the Madonna and Child often take the form of large altarpieces. They also occur as frescoes and apsidal mosaics. In Medieval examples the Madonna is often accompanied by angels who support the throne, or by rows of

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was originally of this type, though most copies are at half-length. This type of image occurs frequently in sculpture and may be found in fragile ivory carvings, in limestone on the central door posts of many cathedrals, and in polychrome wooden or plaster casts in almost every Catholic Church. There

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This is the case of one of the most famous, innovative and monumental works that Duccio executed for the Laudesi at Santa Maria Novella in Florence. Often the scale of the work indicates a great deal about its original function. Often referred to as the Rucellia Madonna (c. 1285), the panel painting

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although doctrine avoids stating whether Mary was alive or dead when she was bodily taken up to Heaven, she is normally shown in art as alive. Depicting the Coronation of Mary as Queen of the Heavens by her son, Jesus Christ, sometimes combined with the Assumption of Mary, is a tradition known since

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made, reflected such similarities. "The Portuguese had settled with the aim to dominate the spice trade and spread their Christian faith, and these small, portable ivory statues would embellish the church altars and Goan homes, and were also transported abroad serving to fulfil their later project.

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Gama in his old age was appointed Vice-Roy of all colonies of the Far East as a gesture of honour. One day, he visited Chodan Island. When he saw this idol through the main doorway, he immediately saluted the image and went on his knees, considering it the image of Mother Mary, with baby Jesus ..."

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In the book, Dhume elaborates: "However, the idol of Devkikrishna originally of Chodan Island, Tiswadi taluka transferred at the time of molestation by the Christian missionaries to Mashela (Marcela in Portuguese) hamlet of Orgaon village, Ponda taluka, is interesting ... History says that Vasco da

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While theft is one way that Byzantine images made their way West to Italy, the relationship between Byzantine icons and Italian images of the Madonna is far more rich and complicated. Byzantine art played a long, critical role in Western Europe, especially when Byzantine territories included parts

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art commissions "were . . . a partnership in which the artists' own interpretations of sacred art were encouraged and fostered." The Jesuits sourced small paintings, prints and sculptures from Europe for the Indian sculptors to use as reference, and the indigenous artists used their own traditions

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The privileged owner need not go to Church to say his prayers or plead for salvation; all he or she had to do was open the shutters of the tabernacle in an act of private revelation. Duccio and his contemporaries inherited early pictorial conventions that were maintained, in part, to tie their own

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These names signal both the increased importance of the cult of the virgin and the prominence of art in service to Marian devotion during the late medieval period. During the 13th century, especially, with the increasing influence of chivalry and aristocratic culture on poetry, song and the visual

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In the West, hieratic Byzantine models were closely followed in the Early Middle Ages, but with the increased importance of the cult of the Virgin in the 12th and 13th centuries a wide variety of types developed to satisfy a flood of more intensely personal forms of piety. In the usual Gothic and

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became an important subject, newly freed from its former role in narrative cycles, in part, an outgrowth of popular devotional statues in Northern Europe. Traditionally, Mary is depicted expressing compassion, grief and love, usually in highly charged, emotional works of art even though the most

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While the focus of this entry currently stresses the depiction of the Madonna in panel painting, her image also appears in mural decoration, whether mosaics or fresco painting on the exteriors and interior of sacred buildings. She is found high above the apse, or east end of the church where the

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Orders are some of the first to commission panels representing this subject matter, such works quickly became popular in monasteries, parish churches, and homes. Some images of the Madonna were paid for by lay organizations called confraternities, who met to sing praises of the Virgin in chapels

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Whereas, in Bengal, the Chore Bagan Art Studio, the Kansaripara Art Studio and the Calcutta Art Studio, produced homegrown prints around the second half of the nineteenth century. These artists, were influenced by the various depictions of Christ in the European prints which had infiltrated the

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While the 15th and 16th centuries were a time when Italian painters expanded their repertoire to include historical events, independent portraits and mythological subject matter, Christianity retained a strong hold on their careers. Most works of art from this era are sacred. While the range of

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is a common sight both on the side of buildings and along roads in small enclosures. These are expected to bring spiritual relief to people who pass them. Some Madonnas statues are placed around Italian towns and villages as a matter of protection, or as a commemoration of a reported miracle.

851:. "Madonna" may be generally used of representations of Mary, with or without the infant Jesus, where she is the focus and central figure of the image, possibly flanked or surrounded by angels or saints. Other types of Marian imagery that have a narrative context, depicting scenes from the 1624:

Very few early images of the Virgin Mary survive, though the depiction of the Madonna has roots in ancient pictorial and sculptural traditions that informed the earliest Christian communities throughout Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East. Important to Italian tradition are

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comments: "... the Chore Bagan Art Studio published a popular picture, titled Birth Of Krishna, which was almost entirely based on popular prints of The Birth Of Jesus Christ, to the extent that the presence of three wise men of the East was also literally imitated in this work."

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towers over the spectator, offering a visual focus for members of the Laudesi confraternity to gather before it as they sang praises to the image. Duccio made an even grander image of the Madonna enthroned for the high altar of the cathedral of Siena, his home town. Known as the

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or Black Virgin tends to refer to statues or paintings in Western Christendom of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Infant Jesus, where both figures are depicted as black. The Black Madonna can be found both in Catholic and Orthodox countries, and may or may not be related to

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typically covers her head, where sometimes, one might see a linen, or later, transparent silk veil. She holds the Christ Child, or Baby Jesus, who shares her halo as well as her regal bearing. Often her gaze is directed out at the viewer, serving as an intercessor, or

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The "Adoring Madonna" is a type popular during the Renaissance. These images, usually small and intended for personal devotion, show Mary kneeling in adoration of the Christ Child. Many such images were produced in glazed terracotta as well as paint. Examples include,

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and was imitated elsewhere. These representations are usually of a small size suitable for a small altar or domestic use. They usually show Mary holding the infant Jesus in an informal and maternal manner. These paintings often include symbolic reference to the

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Half-length Madonnas are the form most frequently taken by painted icons of the Eastern Orthodox Church, where the subject matter is highly formulated so that each painting expresses one particular attribute of the "Mother of God". Half-length paintings of the

1037:. In this sense, "a Madonna", or "a Madonna with Child" is used of specific works of art, historically mostly of Italian works. A "Madonna" may alternatively be called "Virgin" or "Our Lady", but "Madonna" is not typically applied to eastern works; e.g. the 2779: 2523: 1691:

However, what is most relevant to the Byzantine heritage of the Madonna is twofold. First, the earliest surviving independent images of the Virgin Mary are found in Rome, the center of Christianity in the medieval West. One is a valued possession of

1179:, or Virgin Hodegetria, is an iconographic depiction of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) holding the Child Jesus at her side while pointing to him as the source of salvation for humankind. In the Western Church this type of icon is sometimes called 1007:. Madonna was meant more to remind people of the theological concept which is placing such a high value on purity or virginity. This is also represented by the color of her clothing. The color blue symbolized purity, virginity, and royalty. 2508: 2125:, "Muhammad raised his hand to protect an icon of the Virgin and Child and a painting of Abraham, but otherwise his companions cleared the interior of its clutter of votive treasures, cult implements, statuettes and hanging charms." 3006: 1981:. Some date back to the Middle Ages, while some are still being made today. Usually found on the level of the second floor or higher, and often on the corner of a house, such sculptures were found in great numbers in many cities; 2318:. "These remain examples of how in art and in faith traditions merge, so do symbols and images, giving birth to syncretic cultures that testify the ravages of communal hate, man-made differences and orthodox interpretations". 1704:, that was rededicated to Mary as an expression of the Church's triumph. Both evoke Byzantine tradition in terms of their medium, that is, the technique and materials of the paintings, in that they were originally painted in 1487:. This type of depiction, with subtly changing differences of emphasis, has remained the mainstay of depictions of Mary to the present day. The image at Mount Sinai succeeds in combining two aspects of Mary described in the 1907: 1832:

religious subject matter included subjects from the Old Testament and images of saints whose cults date after the codification of the Bible, the Madonna remained a dominant subject in the iconography of the Renaissance.

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created works inspired by the Cusco School style of Madonna painting, creating a hybrid of traditional and contemporary Latino subject matter representing the colonialist encounters between Europeans and Mesoamericans.

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found within the newly reconstructed, spacious churches that were sometimes dedicated to her. Paying for such a work might also be seen as a form of devotion. Its expense registers in the use of thin sheets of real

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One type of Madonna shows Mary alone (without the child Jesus), and standing, generally glorified and with a gesture of prayer, benediction or prophesy. This type of image occurs in a number of ancient apsidal

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on her lap, or enfolded in her arms. In earlier representations the Virgin is enthroned, and the Child may be fully aware, raising his hand to offer blessing. In a 15th-century Italian variation, a baby

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Quraysh had put pictures in the Ka'ba including two of Jesus son of Mary and Mary (on both of whom be peace!). ... The apostle ordered that the pictures should be erased except those of Jesus and Mary.

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famous, early work by Michelangelo stifles signs of mourning. The tenderness an ordinary mother might feel towards her beloved child is captured, evoking the moment when she first held her infant son

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and to the portrayal of her image in churches. Eastern examples show the Madonna enthroned, even wearing the closed Byzantine pearl-encrusted crown with pendants, with the Christ Child on her lap.

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is the most-visited Catholic shrine in the world, and the venerated icon has a sunburst of straight and wavy gold rays alternate while projecting behind the Virgin and are enclosed within a

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By the next century the iconic depiction of the Virgin enthroned carrying the infant Christ was established, as in the example from the only group of icons surviving from this period, at

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iconography as it developed in the 6th to 8th century rose to great importance in the high medieval period (12th to 14th centuries) both in the Eastern Orthodox and in the Latin spheres.

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used to decorate altars, but also a means of surrounding the image of the Madonna with illumination from oil lamps and candles. Even more precious is the bright blue mantle colored with

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Full-length standing images of the Madonna more frequently include the infant Jesus, who turns towards the viewer or raises his hand in benediction. The most famous Byzantine image, the

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and others in ways that provide a commentary on, and glimpse of the Indian social scene. Churches in India, such as Tamil Nadu's Sanctuary of Our Lady of Vailankanni which was deemed a

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In some European countries, such as Germany, Italy and Poland sculptures of the Madonna are found on the outside of city houses and buildings, or along the roads in small enclosures.

1158:, Virgo Lactans, or Madonna Lactans, is an iconography of the Madonna and Child in which the Virgin Mary is shown breastfeeding the infant Jesus. Examples include Leonardo da Vinci's 3234: 4659: 1226:

is a subject in Christian art showing Mary, Joseph, and the infant Jesus resting during their flight into Egypt. The Holy Family is normally shown in a landscape. Examples include

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to the Blessed Virgin Mary, is iconography showing the announcement by the angel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive and bear a son through a virgin birth. Examples include

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According to a tradition first recorded in the 8th century, and still strong in the Eastern Church, the iconography of images of Mary goes back to a portrait drawn from life by

523: 1794: 1304: 2831: 439: 2709: 2812: 1934: 1215:) is a type of depiction of the Virgin Mary in icons in which the Christ Child is nestled against her cheek. In the Western Church the type is often known as the 1999:), "immaculate" Madonnas in pure, perfect white without child or accessories, and Madonnas with roses symbolizing her life determined by the mysteries of faith. 1148: 3924:

When Muhammad ordered his men to cleanse the Kaaba of the statues and pictures displayed there, he spared the paintings of the Virgin and Child and of Abraham.

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Italian artists of the 15th century onward are indebted to traditions established in the 13th and 14th centuries in their representation of the Madonna.

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civilization whose icons participated in civic life and were celebrated for their miraculous properties. Byzantium (324–1453) saw itself as the true

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saints. In Renaissance painting, particularly High Renaissance painting, the saints may be grouped informally in a type of composition known as a

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Egyptian ivory carving, one of the earliest examples of what in later Byzantine times was called Eleousa, or "Virgin of Tenderness". 7th century.

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in Polish) icon, which was, according to legend, painted by St. Luke the Evangelist on a cypress table top from the house of the Holy Family

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These figurines were carved by the Indian artists under the guidance of the Jesuits". Art historian Gauvin Alexander Bailey notes that the

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may in English be called "Our Lady of Vladimir", while it is less usual, but not unheard of, to refer to it as the "Madonna of Vladimir".

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Icons of Navanita-Krishna or Krishna, The Butter Thief, circulating in 16th century South India, like the copper alloy made statue from

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in the sense of "picture or statue of the Virgin Mary" enters English usage in the 17th century, primarily in reference to works of the

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varies between public images and private images supplied on a smaller scale and meant for personal devotion in the chamber: the Virgin

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at the borders of its land, and ultimately, plundering its churches, palaces and monasteries of many of its treasures. Later in the

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The subject retaining the greatest power on all of these men remained the maternal bond, even though other subjects, especially the

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in Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries, that the image of the Madonna gains prominence outside of Rome, especially throughout

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reveal that Raphael told him that he discovered how to paint his Madonnas in a visionary dream he had after praying to the Virgin.

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refers to portrayals in which the Madonna is sitting on the ground, or sitting upon a low cushion. She may be holding the Child

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Anne-Madeleine Plum, "Kreuzzepter-Madonna--Zypertraube ind fruchtbringende Rede" and "Maria, Geheimnisvolle Rose", in Wöhrlin,

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Girlhood of Mary, is iconography that features the Virgin Mary as a child, often learning needlework, and examples include

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in all parts of the panel that are not covered with paint, a visual analogue not only to the costly sheaths that medieval

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The earliest consistent representations of Mother and Child were developed in the Eastern Empire, where despite an

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market of the time. And perhaps the closest connection they could draw was between the child Christ and Krishna.

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The seated "Madonna and Child" is a style of image that became particularly popular during the 15th century in

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icon, overpainted in the 13th century, but going back to an underlying original dated to the 5th or 6th century

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portraiture in a variety of ways over time, depending on the interpretation of the relevant Biblical passage.

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Our Mother of Perpetual Help, Icon of the Virgin Mary, 16th century. St. Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai.

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was usually reserved for only the most important commissions, such as the blue robes of the Virgin Mary in

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and justifies the various interpretations of this symbol in art and poetry found across the subcontinent.

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Mary and the child depicted as a hodegetria. Tesselated icon in monumental style, early 13th century.

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of Eastern Europe, Greece and much of Italy itself. Byzantine manuscripts, ivories, gold, silver and

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Late Gothic sculptures of the Virgin and Child may show a standing virgin with the child in her arms.

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meant that the Western, Latin, church was unable to compete in the development of such sophisticated

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was the main source of icons for the West, and the artists there could adapt their style to Western

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above, up to which the archangels look. An early icon of the Virgin as queen is in the church of

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Wöhrlin, Annette; Luzie Bratner; Marlene Höbel; Hiltraud Laubach; Anne-Madeleine Plum (2008).

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there are striking similarities found in between the images of Madonna and Christ Child, and

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the 12th century. They often depict birds, as an appropriate image of God as the Holy Spirit.

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close, intimate moment of tenderness steeped in sorrow where she only has eyes for him.

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During the Portuguese reign in Goa starting from the 16th Century, the Indo-Portuguese

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with a Muslim army, with his first action being the "cleansing" or "purifying" of the

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arts, the Madonna is represented as the queen of Heaven, often enthroned, such as the

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Nandkumar Kamat, Ramesh Anant S. Dhume (2nd ed.). Panjim: Broadway Book Centre.

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figures of the "eternal child" are shown cuddled warmly on the laps of their mother.

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in Rome, dating from 432 to 440, just after the council, she is not yet shown with a

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The earliest representation of the Madonna and Child may be the wall painting in the

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Painting of the Madonna and Child by an anonymous Italian, first half of 19th century

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are a number of famous paintings that depict the Madonna in this manner, notably the

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term into English usage in the 1640s, designating specifically the Marian art of the

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Some of the most eminent 16th-century Italian painters to turn to this subject were

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shows both of them: the Virgin embraces the infant Jesus, near John the Baptist.

1366: 1155: 1069: 956: 948: 871: 777: 459: 444: 283: 255: 106: 2167: 1672:

were distributed throughout the West. In Byzantium, Mary's usual title was the

1496: 1012: 5226: 5120: 4794: 4721: 3077: 2889: 2821: 2764: 2744: 2633: 2413: 2402: 2299: 2283: 2114: 2113:, Muhammad did, however, protectively put his hand over a painting of Mary and 2067: 2025: 1814: 1721: 1697: 1669: 1645: 1633: 1362: 1253: 1200: 1104: 952: 818: 469: 260: 205: 162: 52:"Virgin and Child" and "Madonna and Child" redirect here. For other uses, see 5335: 5131: 5077: 4986: 4943: 4879: 4857: 4734: 4638: 4212: 4098: 4054: 3262:

Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons

3092: 2865: 2349:

There are a large number of articles on individual works of various sorts in

2303: 2294:

also adopted this image, and Jesus and Mary would feature in the canvases of

2224: 2213:

had not decimated the temple, for it had reminded them of Virgin Mary-Jesus.

2082: 2063: 1991: 1657: 1626: 1580: 1564: 1508: 1409: 1404: 1249: 1238: 1159: 879: 812: 744: 720: 576: 167: 5089: 2159:

to see that all the other paintings, except that of Abraham, were effaced."

804:, often known after the location of a notable icon of the type, such as the 5206: 4840: 4835: 4729: 4417: 4312: 2673: 2566: 2445: 2417:(of tenderness) has been depicted both in the Eastern and Western churches. 2132: 1995:

1:14, translated as "My lover is to me a cluster of henna blossoms" in the

1883: 1860: 1840: 1799: 1750: 1701: 1641: 1275: 912: 551: 317: 300: 4156: 4078: 1977:

In Germany, such a statue placed on the outside of a building is called a

1875:

in particular, among countless others. The subject was equally popular in

1688:

concept takes pictorial form in the image of Mary holding her infant son.

1256:

is one of the most honored figures in Islamic theology she is exempt from

84: 5136: 5005: 4304: 3662: 3127: 1709: 1685: 1681: 1661: 1653: 1576: 1572: 1549: 1515: 1457: 1400: 1382: 1300: 1186: 1030: 1008: 936: 830: 797: 769: 4265: 2121:

in order to keep them from being effaced. In the words of the historian

5146: 5017: 4891: 4330: 3978:"Rabindranath Tagore - Verses - Fireflies - 26 (the child ever dwells)" 3602: 3578: 3448: 2295: 2291: 2260: 2199: 2179: 2032: 1967: 1733: 1676:

or Mother of God, rather than the Virgin Mary and it was believed that

1488: 1176: 1064: 924: 824: 337: 4847: 4799: 4754: 4679: 4610: 4571: 4486: 4249: 3132: 2908: 2870: 2110: 2106: 1925: 1859:. They developed on the foundations of 15th-century Marian images by 1848: 1746: 1742: 1677: 1673: 1453: 1080: 847: 845:. In an Eastern Orthodox context, such images are typically known as 607: 322: 220: 212: 27:

Artistic representation of Mary, either alone or with her child Jesus

5196: 4120:"Christian art in India: Indo-Portuguese ivory statuettes (article)" 3594: 5305: 4901: 3385:

Likeness and Presence: A History of the Image Before the Era of Art

3177: 2843: 2696: 2307: 1957: 1818: 1649: 1637: 1492: 1354: 1322: 1131: 1108: 1051:

There are several distinct types of representation of the Madonna.

963: 670: 347: 5211: 4960: 3875:

The Life of Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's "Sirat Rasul Allah"

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Theotokos: A Theological Encyclopedia of the Blessed Virgin Mary

2456: 2382:, a painting by Duccio di Buoninsegna, from around the year 1300 2338: 2155:. Placing his hand protectively over the icon, the Prophet told 4906: 2978: 2962: 2946: 2499: 2195: 2187: 2156: 1985:, for instance, was supposed to have had more than 200 of them 1898: 1856: 1461: 1124: 1079:

The "Madonna enthroned" is a type of image that dates from the

1057: 928: 904: 399: 30:"The Madonna" redirects here. For the American pop singer, see 3579:"The Madonna and Child Miniature in the Book of Kells: Part I" 2314:

in 1962, similarly housed idols of Mary clad in a traditional

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Rethinking Place in South Asian and Islamic Art, 1500-Present

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of about 800 (there is a similar carved image on the lid of

1484: 1440:, perhaps the earliest iconic image of the subject to survive 1353:

strain in culture that rejected physical representations as "

1096: 3499:

Victor Lasareff, "Studies in the Iconography of the Virgin"

3371:"Why Jesus and Mary Always Wear Red and Blue in Art History" 2374:, depicting a Madonna sitting on the ground, or low cushions 1571:

of 698) and, though magnificently decorated in the style of

1413:) is an image largely confined to private devotional icons. 1305:

Holy Family with Saints Anne and John the Baptist (Mantegna)

961:

Liturgy depicting Mary as powerful intercessor (such as the

712: 3827:"NM History Museum unveils rare colonial paintings of Mary" 2893: 2315: 1544:. By this time the political and economic collapse of the 1526:, and on which Western depictions remained based until the 1425: 1358: 1271:, which is of note that Mary is the obvious central figure. 773: 3483:"Crescent Moon: Meaning : University of Dayton, Ohio" 2105:

from inside the temple. According to reports collected by

2206: 2093:. At the culmination of his mission, in 629 CE, Muhammad 3901: 1029:

in late medieval Marian devotion, it was imported as an

4145:"Mary on the moon: ivory statuettes of the Virgin Mary" 1303:

is iconography of Mary, Joseph, and Jesus. The example

1149:

Madonna Adoring the Child with Five Angels (Botticelli)

800:, divided into many traditional subtypes especially in 2043:, depicting the Madonna and child, in relation to the 1530:. Other narrative scenes for Byzantine cycles on the 1507:

in Rome, datable to 705–707 by the kneeling figure of

1369:

was accused of being opposed to the veneration of the

822:, etc., or descriptive of the depicted posture, as in 4080:

The cultural history of Goa from 10000 B.C.-1352 A.D.

3552:, 143–145, quote 144, Oxford University Press, 2002, 2333: 2148:, the walls inside had been covered with pictures of 1680:

was delivered to the faithful at the moment of God's

3907: 3461:

Painting in Florence and Siena after the Black Death

3017:

Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)

4213:"বাংলার কবিতা - কলকাতার যীশুনীরেন্দ্রনাথ চক্রবর্তী" 4147:. In Hutton, Deborah S.; Brown, Rebecca M. (eds.). 2171:Carved Ivory Objects from Goa, 18th/19th Century. 1603: 3967:(Rochester: Inner Traditions, 1987), pp. 17, 300. 3203:Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions 2039:In 2015 iconographer Mark Dukes created the icon 1700:, that great architectural wonder of the Ancient 1636:(Istanbul), the capital of the longest, enduring 5333: 3618:by Franca Trinchieri Camiz, Katherine A. McIver 3080:, a manuscript painting from Iran or Iraq, 1460s 1552:, and relied heavily on Byzantine developments. 1522:, that it has retained up to the present day in 3965:Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Source 1365:"image"). On a visit to Constantinople in 536, 3818: 3343:"Madonna and Child Enthroned with Four Saints" 2353:and its sub-category. See also the incomplete 5119: 5105: 4281: 2759:A fresco of a black Madonna and Jesus at the 2020:from coast to coast, marking the path of the 693: 3929: 3908:Ellenbogen, Josh; Tugendhaft, Aaron (2011). 3515:m. Mundell, "Monophysite church decoration" 3417:A history of ideas and images in Italian art 3387:, University of Chicago Press, 1996, p. 289. 1720:It was not until the revival of monumental 995:(δεσποινίς ἡμῶν) was adopted in French, as 931:(and further by certain modernists such as 866:of the (2nd to 3rd centuries, found in the 5217:The Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland 5112: 5098: 4288: 4274: 4143:Goa and Sri Lanka MARSHA G. OLSON (2016). 3801:"The Art Is Striking, and So Are the Cars" 3639:"National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C." 3609: 2355:List of depictions of the Virgin and Child 2275:to produce the icons of the infant Christ. 2162: 1555:The earliest surviving image in a Western 1228:Rest on the Flight into Egypt (Caravaggio) 1046: 700: 686: 4712:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church 4295: 3912:. Stanford University Press. p. 47. 3868: 3023: 1879:and that of the rest of Northern Europe. 1145:Madonna Adoring the Sleeping Christ Child 4013: 3935: 3878:. Oxford University Press. p. 552. 3798: 3616:Art and music in the early modern period 3528:As in the fresco fragments of the lower 2455:, the name of two paintings by Salvador 2337: 2271:, were utilised by Christian artists in 2166: 2058: 1956: 1715: 1607: 1420: 1333: 1099:in her lap. This style was a product of 862:The earliest depictions of Mary date to 733: 719: 711: 62: 3824: 3799:Williams, Stephen P. (August 5, 2007). 2741:Virgin and Child with Angels and Saints 2678:Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, Strasbourg 1540:sources to fill in her life before the 1311:and includes other Saints in the image. 14: 5334: 4077:Dhume, Anant Ramkrishna Sinai (2009). 3576: 3329:"Madonna and Child on a Curved Throne" 3242:by Timothy Verdon, Filippo Rossi 2005 2629:Madonna and Child Surrounded by Angels 2103:the pre-Islamic pagan images and idols 2077:The first important encounter between 897:, with a number of icons (such as the 859:, are not typically called "Madonna". 5093: 4269: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4076: 4072: 4070: 4037: 4035: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3454: 3397:Renaissance art: a topical dictionary 2406:, possibly one of two works begun by 1765:works to the authority of tradition. 1753:, a stone imported from Afghanistan. 982: 759: 3825:Roberts, Kathaleen (June 29, 2014). 2085:is said to have happened during the 2012:Daughters of the American Revolution 1290:Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art 796:type is very prevalent in Christian 524:Approved, with widespread liturgical 3792: 1458:arguments over the nature of Christ 1444:There was a great expansion of the 1309:Presentation of Jesus at the Temple 1016:Virgin and Child with Female Saints 874:rose to great importance after the 526:veneration endorsed by the Holy See 24: 4242:The Virgin Mary in the Middle Ages 4173: 4105: 4067: 4032: 3994: 2701:Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg 2334:Notable types and individual works 58:Madonna and Child (disambiguation) 25: 5378: 4233: 3941:The Prophet Muhammad: A Biography 3480: 2263:(left) and the ivory statue from 2031:Throughout his life, the painter 1583:was devised in the 13th century. 878:formally affirmed her status as " 54:Virgin and Child (disambiguation) 5304: 5290: 5071: 5060: 5059: 4350: 3069: 3046: 3030: 3005: 2986: 2970: 2954: 2934: 2919: 2900: 2877: 2857: 2830: 2811: 2790: 2778: 2752: 2733: 2708: 2685: 2660: 2641: 2620: 2599: 2578: 2553: 2538: 2522: 2507: 2488: 2473: 2387:The Black Madonna of Częstochowa 2249: 2240: 1952: 1933: 1906: 1807: 1786: 1499:above other humans, and has the 1432:with saints and angels, and the 792: 'my lady' (archaic). The 669: 360: 359: 113: 83: 4205: 4136: 3970: 3957: 3862: 3844: 3781:from the original on 2011-06-06 3763: 3743: 3723: 3710: 3685: 3655: 3644:from the original on 2014-07-26 3631: 3570: 3542: 3522: 3509: 3493: 3474: 3430: 3410: 3390: 3166: 2761:Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion 2483:, Wolfgang Sauber, 12th century 2135:narrated the event thus in his 2054: 1604:Byzantine influence on the West 1536:were being evolved, relying on 1416: 784:churches. The word is from 5039:Saint Luke painting the Virgin 4460:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana 4455:Finding of Jesus in the Temple 3943:. Paulist Press. p. 190. 3377: 3363: 3349: 3335: 3321: 3282: 3253: 3224: 3194: 2403:Madonna and Child with Flowers 2205:There also exists a temple in 1826: 1632:, especially those created in 942: 440:Congregation of Marian Fathers 188:Consecrations and entrustments 13: 1: 3187: 2977:A roadside Madonna alcove in 2943:Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica 2847: 2801: 1795:Rest on The Flight into Egypt 1224:Rest on the Flight into Egypt 975:"Lady". The medieval Italian 130: 47:Madonna and contemporary arts 3677:. New York: Reynal and Co., 3675:The Complete Work of Raphael 3506:.1 (March 1938, pp. 26–65 ). 3437:Iconography of Christian Art 2515:Our Mother of Perpetual Help 2463: 2343:Black Madonna of Częstochowa 1877:Early Netherlandish painting 1121:Italian Renaissance painting 949:Theotokos § Terminology 886:("God-bearer") in 431. The 802:Eastern Orthodox iconography 450:Marianists (Society of Mary) 7: 3673:; Golzio, Vincenzo (1969). 3085: 2562:Madonna of Chancellor Rolin 2531:Saint Catherine's Monastery 2351:Category:Virgin Mary in art 2267:(right), both currently at 1518:of the Nativity was taking 1481:Saint Catherine's Monastery 1452:in 431, when her status as 1438:Saint Catherine's Monastery 1319:Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe 1265:The Girlhood of Mary Virgin 772:. These images are central 768:, either alone or with her 10: 5383: 3679:William Morrow and Company 2771: 2669:Madonna in the Vine Arbour 2546:Madonna in the rose-garden 2452:The Madonna of Port Lligat 2441:Madonna with the Long Neck 2425:, a relief by Michelangelo 2173:National Museum, New Delhi 2014:placed statues called the 1329: 1103:piety, and perhaps due to 946: 503:Queen of Angels Foundation 493:Marian Movement of Priests 475:World Apostolate of Fátima 445:Company of Mary (Montfort) 51: 44: 29: 5367:Christianity and children 5357:Italian words and phrases 5299: 5288: 5127: 5121:Titles of the Virgin Mary 5055: 5026: 4979: 4929: 4920: 4808: 4720: 4658: 4651: 4631: 4579: 4570: 4548: 4506:Bilocation to Saint James 4495: 4407: 4366: 4359: 4348: 4303: 4043:"When Devaki met her son" 3519:(Birmingham) 1977, p. 72. 3108:Roman Catholic Marian art 3076:The Madonna and child in 2396:Matka Boska Częstochowska 2326:(The Jesus of Calcutta). 2101:, wherein he removed all 2045:Shooting of Michael Brown 1943:, a study of the Head of 1694:Santa Maria in Trastevere 1520:the form, centred on Mary 1505:Santa Maria in Trastevere 1377:Renaissance formulas the 1204: 764:) is a representation of 251:Our Lady, Star of the Sea 126:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo 4558:Protoevangelium of James 3530:Basilica di San Clemente 3159: 3153:Nativity of Jesus in art 3098:Art in Roman Catholicism 2926:Statue outside Moscow's 2459:created in 1949 and 1950 2320:Nirendranath Chakraborty 2137:biography of the Prophet 1294:Coronation of the Virgin 1230:, and they often depict 498:Fatima Family Apostolate 488:Our Lady's Rosary Makers 405:Seven Joys of the Virgin 236:Our Lady of Mount Carmel 231:Our Lady of Good Counsel 45:Not to be confused with 40:Madonna (disambiguation) 34:. For the nickname, see 4949:Golden Madonna of Essen 4538:Woman of the Apocalypse 4014:enrouteI (2022-12-23). 3696:. Ingelheim: Leinpfad. 3577:Werner, Martin (1972). 3539:.2 (1981), pp. 299–310. 2884:Madonna on the tomb of 2798:Golden Madonna of Essen 2653:Lucas Cranach the Elder 2548:by Stefan Lochner, 1448 2363:Golden Madonna of Essen 2163:Parallels in Indian art 1728:. While members of the 1407:the Child (such as the 1390:looks on. The socalled 1167:Woman of the Apocalypse 1165:The iconography of the 1047:Modes of representation 1021:While the Italian term 971:) was adopted as Latin 540:Three Secrets of Fátima 428:Movements and societies 5352:Eastern Orthodox icons 5311:Catholicism portal 5282:Our Lady of the Pillar 5277:Our Lady of Navigators 5272:Our Lady of Luxembourg 5167:Lady of Perpetual Help 4826:Alma Redemptoris Mater 4775:Our Lady of Navigators 4020:Enroute Indian History 3671:Castagnoli, Ferdinando 3463:by Millard Meiss 1979 3174:W. H. Wackenroder 3138:Icon of the Hodegetria 3103:Mary (mother of Jesus) 3058:Illuminated manuscript 3039:Codex Aureus of Lorsch 3037:An ivory cover of the 3024:Manuscripts and covers 3013:Our Lady of Walsingham 2961:A roadside Madonna in 2615:, probably before 1507 2430:Madonna della seggiola 2346: 2175: 2074: 1971: 1621: 1557:illuminated manuscript 1441: 1393:Madonna della seggiola 1339: 1269:Dante Gabriel Rossetti 748: 731: 717: 676:Catholicism portal 77: 38:. For other uses, see 5257:Our Lady of Guadalupe 5152:Immaculate Conception 5011:Theotokos of Vladimir 4440:Presentation of Jesus 4377:Immaculate Conception 4297:Mary, mother of Jesus 4157:10.4324/9781315456058 4016:"On the Mother's Lap" 3751:Italy from a Backpack 3303:. Michael O'Carroll, 3143:Our Lady of Guadalupe 2928:New Tretyakov Gallery 2839:Nostre Dame de Grasse 2341: 2312:Roman Catholic Church 2170: 2081:and the image of the 2062: 1960: 1888:Immaculate Conception 1873:Piero della Francesca 1716:Later medieval period 1611: 1474:Adoration of the Magi 1424: 1344:Catacomb of Priscilla 1337: 1040:Theotokos of Vladimir 987:("My Lady") reflects 947:Further information: 807:Theotokos of Vladimir 737: 723: 715: 656:Immaculate Conception 592:Key Marian feast days 410:Seven Sorrows of Mary 343:Mary, Mother of Grace 121:Immaculate Conception 66: 5262:Our Lady of the Hens 5252:Our Lady of the Fire 5157:Lady of Good Counsel 4262:(First printed 1897) 4240:Metropolitan Museum: 3773:Madonna of the Trail 3731:The cultural complex 3729:Thomas Singer, 2004 3718:Mainzer Hausmadonnen 3694:Mainzer Hausmadonnen 3399:by Irene Earls 1987 3290:Virgo Ecclesia Facta 3288:Johannes Schneider, 3054:Svanhild Evangeliary 2998:Santa Fe, New Mexico 2818:Presbyter Martinus: 2717:The Virgin in Prayer 2608:Madonna of the Pinks 2587:Madonna del Granduca 2533:in the Sinai, Egypt. 2422:Madonna of the Steps 2273:Portuguese-ruled Goa 2041:Our Lady of Ferguson 2017:Madonna of the Trail 1963:Virgin of the Lilies 1569:St Cuthbert's coffin 1546:Western Roman Empire 1542:Annunciation to Mary 1466:Santa Maria Maggiore 1436:above, 6th century, 1217:Virgin of Tenderness 857:Annunciation to Mary 483:Mariological Society 465:Schoenstatt Movement 435:Sodality of Our Lady 390:Consecration to Mary 379:Devotional practices 226:Mother of the Church 173:Devotional practices 5316:Christianity portal 5267:Our Lady of Lourdes 5242:Our Lady of Charity 4993:Madonna del Rosario 4897:Maria mater gratiae 4873:Sub tuum praesidium 4831:Ave Regina caelorum 4785:Our Lady of Victory 4780:Our Lady of Sorrows 4423:Virginal motherhood 4397:Perpetual virginity 3851:Prayer and Devotion 3831:Albuquerque Journal 3749:Mark Pearson, 2006 3720:, pp. 49–54, 55–57. 3419:by James Hall 1983 3373:. 19 December 2018. 3359:. 12 February 2018. 3232:Mary in Western Art 3176:, some writings by 2481:Madonna in Mandorla 2371:Madonna of humility 1987:before World War II 1594:Domenico di Bartolo 1589:Madonna of humility 1514:At this period the 1286:Death of the Virgin 1280:Ecce Ancilla Domini 1244:liberation theology 1181:Our Lady of the Way 1119:are also common in 1093:Madonna of humility 1086:Sacra conversazione 1035:Italian Renaissance 1025:paralleled English 900:Panagia Portaitissa 895:Luke the Evangelist 864:Early Christian art 843:Italian Renaissance 727:Salus Populi Romani 353:Sub tuum praesidium 274:(Refuge of Sinners) 272:Refugium Peccatorum 246:Our Lady of Victory 241:Our Lady of Sorrows 69:Madonna of the Book 5342:Virgin Mary in art 5321:Visual arts portal 5247:Our Lady of Fátima 5197:Madonna of Majesty 5177:Lady of the Rosary 5142:Help of Christians 5034:Life of the Virgin 4750:Life-giving Spring 4740:Help of Christians 4450:Return to Nazareth 4392:Marriage to Joseph 4250:The Madonna in Art 4188:"The Indian Pieta" 4047:The Times of India 3856:2020-09-30 at the 3805:The New York Times 3550:Early medieval art 3314:2022-12-30 at the 3299:2022-12-30 at the 3267:2022-12-30 at the 3237:2022-12-30 at the 3208:2022-12-30 at the 3123:Life-giving Spring 2496:Madonna and Angels 2347: 2265:southern Karnataka 2176: 2117:, and a fresco of 2075: 2049:Ferguson, Missouri 2010:In the 1920s, the 1972: 1917:on a Crescent Moon 1670:luxurious textiles 1622: 1614:Madonna with Child 1533:Life of the Virgin 1450:Council of Ephesus 1442: 1340: 1258:aniconism in Islam 1123:, particularly in 1005:Ognissanti Madonna 984:[maˈdɔnna] 876:Council of Ephesus 853:Life of the Virgin 761:[maˈdɔnna] 749: 732: 718: 385:Acts of Reparation 78: 36:Madonna (nickname) 5329: 5328: 5087: 5086: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5046: 4955:The Golden Virgin 4675:Catholic churches 4647: 4646: 4566: 4565: 4445:Flight into Egypt 4435:Nativity of Jesus 4342:Brothers of Jesus 4255:Project Gutenberg 4217:banglarkobita.com 4090:978-81-905716-7-8 3937:Rogerson, Barnaby 3870:Guillaume, Alfred 3703:978-3-937782-70-6 3667:Becatti, Giovanni 3566:978-0-19-284243-5 3041:, Germany, c. 800 2949:, Ontario, Canada 2408:Leonardo da Vinci 2379:Madonna and Child 2091:conquest of Mecca 2072:Persian miniature 2033:Ray Martìn Abeyta 2022:old National Road 1941:Leonardo da Vinci 1865:Fra Filippo Lippi 1837:Leonardo da Vinci 1561:Madonna and Child 1524:Eastern Orthodoxy 1428:of the enthroned 1315:Marian apparition 1137:Passion of Christ 1117:Madonna and Child 909:Leonardo da Vinci 868:Catacombs of Rome 794:Madonna and Child 740:Madonna and Child 710: 709: 529: 333:Immaculata prayer 328:Hail Mary of Gold 74:Sandro Botticelli 16:(Redirected from 5374: 5309: 5308: 5294: 5192:Madonna Advocata 5172:Lady of the Sign 5114: 5107: 5100: 5091: 5090: 5075: 5063: 5062: 4927: 4926: 4912:Three Hail Marys 4868:Ave maris stella 4745:Immaculate Heart 4656: 4655: 4577: 4576: 4465:Passion of Jesus 4364: 4363: 4354: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4267: 4266: 4260:Estelle M. Hurll 4257: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4199: 4184: 4171: 4170: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4116: 4103: 4102: 4074: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4039: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4026: 4011: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3982:www.tagoreweb.in 3974: 3968: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3892: 3866: 3860: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3786: 3767: 3761: 3747: 3741: 3727: 3721: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3649: 3635: 3629: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3583:The Art Bulletin 3574: 3568: 3548:Nees, Lawrence. 3546: 3540: 3526: 3520: 3513: 3507: 3501:The Art Bulletin 3497: 3491: 3490: 3478: 3472: 3458: 3452: 3441:Gertrud Schiller 3434: 3428: 3414: 3408: 3394: 3388: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3325: 3319: 3286: 3280: 3259:Burke, Raymond, 3257: 3251: 3228: 3222: 3200:Doniger, Wendy, 3198: 3181: 3170: 3148:La Conquistadora 3073: 3050: 3034: 3009: 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5043: 5022: 4975: 4966:Queen of Heaven 4916: 4804: 4790:Star of the Sea 4716: 4643: 4627: 4562: 4544: 4491: 4403: 4355: 4346: 4299: 4294: 4247: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4221: 4219: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4197: 4195: 4186: 4185: 4174: 4167: 4141: 4137: 4128: 4126: 4118: 4117: 4106: 4091: 4075: 4068: 4059: 4057: 4041: 4040: 4033: 4024: 4022: 4012: 3995: 3986: 3984: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3906: 3902: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3867: 3863: 3858:Wayback Machine 3849: 3845: 3835: 3833: 3823: 3819: 3809: 3807: 3797: 3793: 3784: 3782: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3748: 3744: 3728: 3724: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3690: 3686: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3645: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3614: 3610: 3595:10.2307/3048928 3575: 3571: 3547: 3543: 3527: 3523: 3514: 3510: 3498: 3494: 3481:Roten, Johann. 3479: 3475: 3459: 3455: 3435: 3431: 3415: 3411: 3395: 3391: 3382: 3378: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3355: 3354: 3350: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3316:Wayback Machine 3301:Wayback Machine 3287: 3283: 3269:Wayback Machine 3258: 3254: 3239:Wayback Machine 3229: 3225: 3210:Wayback Machine 3199: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3118:Nursing Madonna 3088: 3081: 3074: 3065: 3051: 3042: 3035: 3026: 3019: 3010: 3001: 2991: 2982: 2975: 2966: 2959: 2950: 2939: 2930: 2924: 2915: 2905: 2896: 2882: 2873: 2862: 2853: 2850: 2835: 2826: 2816: 2807: 2804: 2795: 2786: 2783: 2774: 2767: 2757: 2748: 2738: 2729: 2713: 2704: 2690: 2681: 2665: 2656: 2646: 2637: 2625: 2616: 2604: 2595: 2583: 2574: 2558: 2549: 2543: 2534: 2527: 2518: 2512: 2503: 2493: 2484: 2478: 2466: 2336: 2300:Krishnen Khanna 2279: 2278: 2277: 2276: 2256: 2255: 2254: 2246: 2245: 2165: 2130:Islamic scholar 2095:conquered Mecca 2057: 1955: 1948: 1938: 1929: 1911: 1829: 1822: 1812: 1803: 1791: 1718: 1664:when required. 1618:Italo-Byzantine 1606: 1563:comes from the 1419: 1332: 1307:portrays their 1156:Nursing Madonna 1070:Sistine Madonna 1049: 979: 959: 957:Queen of Heaven 945: 872:Marian devotion 756: 706: 668: 663: 662: 654: 646: 638: 630: 622: 614: 606: 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4894: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4877: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4855: 4853:Fátima prayers 4850: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4818: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4802: 4797: 4795:Seat of Wisdom 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4726: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4613: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4591: 4585: 4583: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4554: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4541: 4540: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4508: 4502: 4500: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4414: 4412: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4373: 4371: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4309: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4293: 4292: 4285: 4278: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4244: 4243: 4235: 4234:External links 4232: 4229: 4228: 4204: 4172: 4165: 4135: 4104: 4089: 4066: 4049:. 2017-10-29. 4031: 3993: 3969: 3963:Martin Lings, 3956: 3950:978-1587680298 3949: 3928: 3919:978-0804781817 3918: 3900: 3885:978-0196360331 3884: 3861: 3843: 3817: 3791: 3762: 3742: 3722: 3709: 3702: 3684: 3681:. p. 622. 3654: 3630: 3608: 3569: 3541: 3521: 3508: 3492: 3473: 3453: 3429: 3409: 3389: 3376: 3362: 3348: 3334: 3320: 3281: 3252: 3223: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3075: 3068: 3066: 3052: 3045: 3043: 3036: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3011: 3004: 3002: 2992: 2985: 2983: 2976: 2969: 2967: 2960: 2953: 2951: 2940: 2933: 2931: 2925: 2918: 2916: 2911:procession in 2906: 2899: 2897: 2883: 2876: 2874: 2863: 2856: 2854: 2836: 2829: 2827: 2822:Seat of Wisdom 2817: 2810: 2808: 2796: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2768: 2765:Axum, Ethiopia 2758: 2751: 2749: 2747:, 17th century 2745:Felice Torelli 2739: 2732: 2730: 2714: 2707: 2705: 2691: 2684: 2682: 2666: 2659: 2657: 2647: 2640: 2638: 2634:Quentin Matsys 2626: 2619: 2617: 2605: 2598: 2596: 2584: 2577: 2575: 2559: 2552: 2550: 2544: 2537: 2535: 2528: 2521: 2519: 2513: 2506: 2504: 2494: 2487: 2485: 2479: 2472: 2470: 2469:Madonna in Art 2465: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2448: 2437: 2426: 2418: 2414:Madonna Eleusa 2410: 2399: 2392:Czarna Madonna 2383: 2375: 2367: 2335: 2332: 2284:Jyotindra Jain 2258: 2257: 2248: 2247: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2194:, as both the 2164: 2161: 2056: 2053: 2026:Santa Fe Trail 2002:In Italy, the 1954: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1939: 1932: 1930: 1912: 1905: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1815:Lorenzo Monaco 1813: 1806: 1804: 1798:, c. 1510, by 1792: 1785: 1722:panel painting 1717: 1714: 1634:Constantinople 1605: 1602: 1418: 1415: 1381:sits with the 1331: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1312: 1298: 1283: 1272: 1261: 1247: 1235: 1220: 1184: 1174: 1169:is applied to 1163: 1152: 1140: 1128: 1112: 1105:Simone Martini 1089: 1077: 1061: 1048: 1045: 1031:art historical 1013:Gérard David's 953:Titles of Mary 944: 941: 819:Blachernitissa 747:(15th century) 708: 707: 705: 704: 697: 690: 682: 679: 678: 665: 664: 661: 660: 652: 644: 642:(12 September) 636: 628: 620: 612: 604: 595: 590: 589: 586: 585: 582: 581: 580: 579: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 543: 542: 531: 530: 519: 514: 513: 510: 509: 506: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 472: 470:Legion of Mary 467: 462: 457: 455:Marist Fathers 452: 447: 442: 437: 431: 426: 425: 422: 421: 418: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 381: 378: 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 356: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 313:Fátima prayers 310: 304: 295: 294: 291: 290: 287: 286: 281: 276: 268: 263: 261:Queen of Peace 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 209: 206:Titles of Mary 204: 203: 200: 199: 196: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 149: 144: 143: 140: 139: 118: 110: 109: 98: 97: 89: 88: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5379: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5347:Christian art 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5293: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5207:Mystical Rose 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5162:Lady of Peace 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5132:Black Madonna 5130: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5115: 5110: 5108: 5103: 5101: 5096: 5095: 5092: 5080: 5079: 5078:Saints Portal 5074: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5058: 5057: 5054: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4988: 4987:Agiosoritissa 4985: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4944:Black Madonna 4942: 4940: 4937: 4936: 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3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3093:Christian art 3091: 3090: 3079: 3072: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3033: 3028: 3027: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2937: 2932: 2929: 2922: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2907:Madonna from 2903: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2880: 2875: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2866:Black Madonna 2860: 2855: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2833: 2828: 2825:, Italy, 1199 2824: 2823: 2814: 2809: 2799: 2793: 2788: 2781: 2776: 2775: 2766: 2762: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2724:, 1640–1650. 2723: 2719: 2718: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2588: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2536: 2532: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2458: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2447: 2443: 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That 1616:in the 1559:of the 1462:mosaics 1330:History 1205:Ἐλεούσα 1196:Eleousa 1074:Raphael 1058:mosaics 1023:Madonna 917:Raphael 839:Madonna 834:, etc. 786:Italian 753:Madonna 562:Lourdes 308:Angelus 297:Prayers 153:Prayers 105:of the 32:Madonna 5137:Eleusa 5006:Eleusa 4907:Rosary 4885:Loreto 4880:Litany 4722:Titles 4313:Joseph 4305:Family 4163: 4097: 4087: 4053: 3947: 3916: 3882: 3760:p. 219 3756: 3736: 3700: 3626:p. 15 3622: 3601: 3564: 3556: 3467: 3451:p. 112 3447: 3427:p. 223 3423: 3407:p. 174 3403: 3309:p. 127 3276: 3246: 3217: 2979:Friuli 2963:Ocieka 2947:Ottawa 2594:, 1505 2502:, 1282 2500:Duccio 2230:Jesuit 2188:Devaki 2157:Uthman 1970:, 1899 1924:by an 1899:Christ 1857:Titian 1759:Maesta 1656:, the 1491:, her 1460:. 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