612:
534:. The sound of the word "Gruffalo" is used to emphasise the first time the Gruffalo is seen in the story: the mouse begins saying the sentence "Silly old snake, doesn't he know, there's no such thing as a Gruffal ...", then the reader turns the page to see the picture of the Gruffalo and the mouse finishes its sentence with the exclamation "Oh!". Burke writes that this exclamation works particularly well when the text is read out loud. Van der Westhuizen writes that there is some "very subtle wordplay/manipulation of spelling" when the real Gruffalo is first introduced to make him "more specific, more substantial": from that point on in the text, "Gruffalo" is spelled with a capital 'G'; up until in the story, it was spelled with a lower case 'g'. There is
578:
draw the
Gruffalo, which resulted in creatures which she described as looking "more like aliens and less like cuddly animals". In early sketches for the book, the Gruffalo was depicted as being humanoid, troll-like, and wearing a T-shirt and trousers. The book's editor, Alison Green, said that they instead decided that the Gruffalo would look more like a woodland creature and predator, and Donaldson said the resulting illustration is "more natural looking". Scheffler's depiction of the creature relied on the physical descriptions within the text along with features which aren't mentioned, such as a pair of
587:
of the
Gruffalo—who looks directly at the audience rather than the mouse—alongside the playfulness of the text implies that the creature is less scary than he appears. As the story progresses, the Gruffalo gradually appears less menacing and more frightened. Throughout the nine visual depictions of the Gruffalo in the book, he becomes, as Burke writes, more "buffoon-like". In the penultimate picture of the Gruffalo, he holds his hand to his neck area which makes him look uncomfortable. The final picture is of the Gruffalo is him running away.
360:: "humour with regard to the narrative aspects, humour with regard to the poetic aspects, visual humour and humour and the performing arts". She writes that the most common use of humour in the story is incongruity, arising from the sense that "everything is not as it should be". Some examples include the mouse averting the predators and the unusual descriptions of food, such as "owl ice cream" and "scrambled snake". She writes that there are different experiences of humour among different ages of children who read
2726:
364:: three to five year olds will appreciate the elements of surprise and repetition in the story; six to eight year olds will enjoy the rhyme and rhythm of the text and the story's hyperbole. As for visual representations of humour, van der Westhuizen writes that an example occurs when the mouse scares away the snake, accompanied by fragmented images of the imaginary gruffalo's features, then immediately afterwards comes across the real Gruffalo.
2766:
2800:
323:
dine with a "gruffalo". The mouse then describes the gruffalo's frightening features, such as "terrible tusks, terrible claws, and terrible teeth in his terrible jaws". The mouse tells each predator that the predator is the gruffalo's favourite food. Frightened that the gruffalo might eat them, each animal flees. Convinced the
Gruffalo is fictional, the mouse says:
603:
writes that the trees and tree roots are "reminiscent of the
Gruffalo itself, it is as if the forest has in part spawned the creature, and they serve in the story to foreshadow what is to come". Throughout the book, the setting doesn't change—the illustrations at the end of the book are a mirror image of the forest at the beginning.
339:
agrees to follow the mouse. The two walk through the wood, encountering each of the three predators again. Each predator is terrified by the sight of the
Gruffalo and escapes to its home, but the Gruffalo believes that they are actually scared of the mouse. Exploiting this, the mouse threatens to eat the Gruffalo in a “Gruffalo
586:
When the
Gruffalo first appears in the story, he takes up a large part of the visual space on the page with strong, contrasting colours. He appears menacing with his arms raised in an attack stance, claws extended, and a drooling tongue. The mouse in comparison looks threatened, but the humorous grin
502:
So I had my plot, but I couldn't get any good couplet, like 'Silly old fox! You ought to know, you really should, / There aren't any tigers in this wood.' Something like that just didn't seem very strong. So then I thought if the mouse were going to meet some made-up creature, it would be much easier
322:
A mouse walks through a wood and encounters three predators—first a fox, then an owl, and finally a snake. Each of these animals invites the mouse into their home for a meal, the implication being that they intend to eat the mouse. The mouse declines each offer, telling the predators that it plans to
634:
book version was published in 2004. The "Gruffalo song" was released with the audiobook on a musical CD with other songs from
Donaldson's books. Scheffler and Donaldson continued to work together in an author-illustrator partnership and as of 2022 have created over 20 best-selling books. In 2019, 20
507:
to write about it. I have just looked at my notes, and see that at first I thought the creature could be a 'snargle' or 'stroog' or 'tiglophant' (I must have been thinking at one stage of having it a cross between a tiger and an elephant). Then I finally thought of the lines, 'Silly old fox! Doesn't
494:
The rhythm of the text is broken at key points in the story. For example, when the mouse announces that he is going to meet the gruffalo "here, by the rocks", the pause on the word "here" lets the reader know the importance of the location and makes them more likely to remember it when the mouse and
367:
Mice often feature as the main character in stories for children, and one key characteristic of the animal in this context is humour. Both
Ghassan Fadhil Radhi and van der Westhuizen write that children relate to the character of the mouse who triumphs in difficult situations, along with the humour
384:
known as "The Fox that
Borrows the Terror of a Tiger" (狐假虎威). The folk tale is about a hungry tiger who tries to catch a fox. The fox is clever and tells the tiger that God has made the fox king of all animals. Whilst accompanying the fox, the tiger notices that other animals run away in fear. Not
338:
After getting rid of the last animal, the mouse is shocked to encounter a real
Gruffalo, which has all the features the mouse thought that it was inventing. The Gruffalo threatens to eat the mouse. Instead, the mouse insists that the mouse is the scariest animal in the wood. Laughing, the Gruffalo
577:
When writing the story, Donaldson did not have an exact vision of what the Gruffalo would look like. She said that she imagined he would be "more weird and less furry" than Scheffler's final illustrations. She read the story in schools prior to the book being published and invited the children to
401:
association with "individual autonomy" and "self-achievement", whereas the fox in the original fable is to be looked down upon because it does not accept its correct place in society nor an individual's obligation to others. This latter interpretation of the story has led the phrase "The Fox that
602:
when drawing rough initial sketches for the book. The setting contains a footpath, stream, lake, mushrooms and other wildlife. He depicts the "deep dark wood" with deep green and brown tones and dark outlines. The darkness of the hues add to the feeling of suspense when reading the story. Burke
545:
The text contains a mixture of predictable rhymes (such as mouse-house and wood-good) and unpredictable rhymes (such as toowhoo-flew). It utilises alliteration from the very start (such as "deep, dark woods" in the opening line), which gives more emphasis to the descriptions and helps children
276:
in Europe and the United States. She began her career as a writer by writing children's songs for television programmes. In 1993, one of her songs that she sang and performed with her husband—"A Squash and Squeeze", about an elderly lady with a small house—was turned into a book, published by
31:
392:
recommended the book for publication in Taiwanese because he noticed the story bore resemblance to the traditional tale. Teachers have used this translated book to demonstrate a modern retelling of the Chinese folk tale. In an article on the traditional Chinese translation of
385:
realising that they are actually running away from the tiger, the tiger believes that fox is indeed a feared king. Donaldson was originally going to have the beast in her book be a tiger, but was unable to think of rhymes for "tiger" so instead invented a new word—"gruffalo".
582:
horns. He created a version of the character which is cuddly and furry but still scary. Donaldson describes the Gruffalo's appearance as a "mixture of scary but stupid". Burke writes that the image of the Gruffalo has become "iconic".
658:
was published in 2004. It tells the story of the Gruffalo's daughter discovering the mouse after hearing stories about it from her father. Allusions to the Gruffalo character appear in several other books by Donaldson and Scheffler.
301:
probably took two weeks, with all the rewriting". She said that writing the second half of the book was difficult and almost forced her to stop altogether. Donaldson said that she had admired Scheffler's illustrations for
776:. The trail depicts scenes and characters from the book carved by chainsaw artists. Other Gruffalo-themed woodland walks and trails have been established in Great Britain, including those at Kilmardinny Loch in Bearsden,
611:
867:'s Best Book to Read Aloud. In November 2009 the book was voted "best bedtime story" by listeners of BBC Radio 2. In a 2010 survey by UK charity Booktime, the book came first in a list of children's favourite books.
2538:
Piesse, Amanda (2007). "'Something Under the Bed is Drooling': the Meditation of Fear Through the Rhetoric of Fantasy in Literature for Children". In Hebblethwaite, Kate; McCarthy, Elizabeth (eds.).
546:
remember them easier. The word "terrible" is repeated as an adjective to describe the Gruffalo's features (for example "terrible tusks", "terrible claws"), which Burke writes may remind readers of
413:
is a short children's story around 700 words long. It is intended to be read aloud as it is written for a target audience of children who do not know or are learning how to read. It is written in
495:
Gruffalo return there later in the story. The rhythm is broken again after the mouse fools the predators and sees the Gruffalo for the first time, saying "Oh, help! Oh, no! It's a gruffalo".
2755:
937:
836:
featuring "The Gruffalo" were issued in 2019 to mark the 20th anniversary of the book's publication. The coins were not introduced into general circulation, but were sold through the
508:
he know, / There's no such thing as a gruffalo?' I thought the word had to have three syllables, and end in 'o', and would sound fierce with 'gr' at the beginning, so gruffalo came.
2754:
2183:
756:
breaks, but writes that the musical numbers and scenery are not as inspiring. The Gruffalo has also been adapted for the stage by Dutch theatre company Meneer Monster.
2642:
Yu, Chen-Wei (2011). "Childhood, identity politics, and linguistic negotiation in the traditional Chinese translation of the picture book The Gruffalo in Taiwan".
894:
2756:
1733:
841:
498:
To create a satisfying rhyming scheme for the story, Donaldson tried a few different names for the creature that would eventually become the Gruffalo.
356:
In an article titled "Humour and the locus of control in 'The Gruffalo'", Betsie van der Westhuizen identifies the following types of humour used in
281:
and illustrated by Axel Scheffler. Scheffler was born and grew up in Germany before moving to the UK to study art. He first worked with Donaldson on
2990:
2980:
3020:
1563:
2238:
2211:
3010:
2995:
2017:
1592:
3005:
2155:
1317:
812:
after securing a licensing deal with the studio Magic Light Pictures, which created The Gruffalo film. This ride replaced the park's
2985:
2355:
2054:
3000:
201:
Children's Books. It is about 700 words long and is written in rhyming couplets featuring repetitive verse. It is an example of a
2092:
1646:
421:. This is a relatively uncommon metre, consisting of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables, for instance:
2846:
768:
merchandise includes clothing, accessories, games, and soft toys. A Gruffalo Woodland Trail was opened on 31 March 2012 at the
730:
The Gruffalo has been adapted for the stage by Tall Stories theatre company, premiering in 2001. The production has toured the
2555:
2042:
1836:
1759:
615:
Illustrator Axel Scheffler (left) and Julia Donaldson (right) have collaborated on over 20 best-selling books together.
2965:
840:
website. The 50p coins sold out within a day of being released. The same year, characters from the book featured on a
193:. It tells the story of a mouse taking a walk in the woods and deceiving different predators, including the Gruffalo.
2943:
2513:
2483:
2363:
2122:
1502:
1467:
809:
229:
124:
3015:
2731:
2688:
805:
233:
2970:
2925:
2594:
Stone, Brittany A. (2012). "Learning the Language of Power: An Analysis of Linguistic Savvy in Picture Books".
938:"'At first she didn't like my drawings': Axel Scheffler and Julia Donaldson on three decades of collaboration"
297:(2006), Donaldson writes that although "It can take months or years for the germination of a book ... writing
2567:"Criteria for Children's Literature: Julia Donaldson's The Gruffalo and The Gruffalo's Child as a Study Case"
860:
214:
402:
Borrows the Terror of a Tiger" to mean someone who makes use of another person's power for their own gain.
2651:
639:, over 13.5 million copies had been sold. It has been translated into more than 100 languages, including
2540:
397:
in Taiwan, Chen-Wei Yu writes that the "resourcefulness" of the mouse in Donaldson's story represents a
2839:
2461:
2498:
1941:
2804:
2790:
548:
213:
has sold over 13.5 million copies and has won several prizes for children's literature including the
2608:
1619:
526:
in words with that connotation (for example: growl, groan, grumble). The first syllable in the name—
179:
72:
2285:
2900:
2475:
2379:
653:
531:
242:
149:
2975:
2346:
1841:
793:
522:
sound at the start of the name evokes negativity, harshness and discomfort, as it is a common
2832:
1624:
864:
777:
269:
2786:
2505:
769:
711:
695:
311:
198:
85:
1863:
8:
2918:
2184:"'World of Jumanji' Attraction Coming to U.K. Theme Park Chessington World of Adventures"
679:
673:
418:
221:
2609:"Humour and the locus of control in The Gruffalo (Julia Donaldson & Axel Scheffler)"
748:
says that the play "develops Donaldson's words with perfect understanding". A review in
710:
as the Snake. The production was animated at Studio Soi in Germany and produced through
2700:
2663:
2582:
2578:
2438:
2396:
2188:
1707:
833:
739:
278:
225:
2524:
1915:
2771:
2704:
2667:
2630:
2551:
2547:
2509:
2479:
2443:
2400:
2359:
2100:
2067:
1568:
1533:
1508:
1498:
1473:
1463:
818:
523:
131:
119:
1992:
538:
variation in the text, in that the Gruffalo's and predator's dialogue is written in
2692:
2655:
2620:
2433:
2425:
2388:
2127:
1837:"How Director Jakob Schuh Turned Best Seller 'Gruffalo' Into Oscar-Nominated Short"
801:
735:
731:
640:
414:
381:
206:
1810:
2871:
2528:
2493:
2410:"Preys' exploitation of predators' fear: when the caterpillar plays the Gruffalo"
1322:
825:
687:
627:
260:
Julia Donaldson is an author of children's books, the most famous of which being
186:
44:
2312:
268:, Donaldson had a background in drama and performance. She studied drama at the
2876:
773:
644:
518:
In Burke's view, the name is "fittingly crafted by the author". The use of the
190:
54:
2392:
2374:
1477:
816:
Ride. Another ride based on Donaldson's book, and Magic Light Picture's film,
2959:
2634:
2586:
2421:
2055:
Vandals steal Gruffalo trail statue after ransacking east end community space
1890:
1512:
715:
703:
631:
561:
557:
398:
2409:
1537:
1457:
2708:
2447:
2429:
2260:
1966:
1597:
1492:
942:
899:
744:
691:
182:
2696:
2659:
2625:
2132:
1527:
314:, who were his publisher at the time and subsequently published the book.
310:, she sent him the text of the book herself. Scheffler showed the text to
2290:
2160:
2156:"Gruffalo River Ride Adventure coming to Chessington World of Adventures"
813:
753:
138:
2774:
was created from a revision of this article dated 22 July 2005
2677:"What Mary Poppins Knew: Theory of Mind, Children's Literature, History"
2239:"Commemorative Gruffalo stamps released to mark book's 20th anniversary"
513:
Julia Donaldson, The Way We Write: Interviews with Award-Winning Writers
2566:
845:
837:
785:
707:
535:
306:, and when her publisher did not suggest he would also be illustrating
2676:
1374:
1372:
829:
718:
for Best Short Film (Animated) in 2011. The film was nominated for a
699:
623:
202:
1785:
1564:"Children's story The Gruffalo has now been translated into Cornish"
2456:
2317:
1416:
1414:
1369:
1063:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
622:
was published by Macmillan in 1999—a year after its completion. An
30:
2819:
2216:
2018:"Walford Timber help bring The Gruffalo to Dean Heritage Centre!"
797:
781:
683:
599:
539:
340:
273:
75:
1426:
1411:
1268:
1075:
1051:
1032:
343:”. The Gruffalo flees, leaving the mouse to eat a nut in peace.
2824:
2799:
789:
579:
530:
is shared with the other children's literary characters of the
895:"How Julia Donaldson conquered the world, one rhyme at a time"
1868:
1140:
752:
praises the "dynamic movements in all the scenes", including
719:
648:
598:
is set in a forest. Scheffler was inspired by the forests in
132:
2812:
2212:"Gruffalo 50p coin released by Royal Mint: how rare is it?"
2457:"How to write a children's classic: the Gruffalo formula"
1593:"Gruffalo gets gallus makeover in Glaswegian translation"
1092:
1090:
247:
also written by Donaldson and illustrated by Scheffler.
2414:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2352:
The Way We Write: Interviews with Award-winning Writers
1022:
1020:
682:
into a 30 minute animated film, which was broadcast on
162:
1438:
1401:
1399:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1342:
1340:
1258:
1256:
1243:
1241:
1228:
1226:
1213:
1211:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1157:
1155:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1087:
220:
It has been adapted into plays and an Oscar-nominated
1384:
1005:
686:
in the UK on 25 December 2009. This version features
209:
called "The Fox that Borrows the Terror of a Tiger".
197:
was first published in 1999 in the United Kingdom by
2721:
1017:
651:. The sequel to the book by Donaldson and Scheffler—
2571:
Eurasian Journal of English Language and Literature
1676:
1664:
1544:
1396:
1352:
1337:
1292:
1280:
1253:
1238:
1223:
1208:
1196:
1167:
1152:
1102:
2606:
2542:Fear: Essays on the Meaning and Experience of Fear
2539:
2497:
2407:
2345:
1432:
1420:
1378:
1274:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
993:
981:
969:
957:
224:. The book has inspired a range of merchandise, a
2313:"Gruffalo tops list of children's favorite books"
1734:"The Gruffalo, Christmas Day, BBC1, 5.30 pm"
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
914:
2957:
1688:
1620:"Scots Translations of Books by Julia Donaldson"
892:
2522:
1490:
1146:
1119:
2840:
2472:The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature
368:that is a key element of many mouse stories.
2408:Castellano, Sergio; Cermelli, Paolo (2015).
1939:
893:Franklin-Wallis, Oliver (17 December 2020).
236:, and a series of woodland trails. In 2004,
2847:
2833:
1491:Julia, Donaldson; Scheffler, Axel (2004).
552:—another children's book to use the word.
542:font whereas the mouse's dialogue is not.
2624:
2492:
2437:
2093:"Whinlatter Forest, Braithwaite, Cumbria"
1525:
1026:
328:Silly old fox/owl/snake, doesn't he know?
255:
2782:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
2765:
2674:
2305:
2153:
1760:"The Gruffalo BBC One Christmas special"
610:
560:(such as "lake" and "wood") rather than
2644:Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures
2181:
935:
3021:Literary characters introduced in 1999
2958:
2537:
2454:
2209:
2068:"The Gruffalo Trail & Fairy Trail"
1390:
1363:
920:
606:
2828:
2593:
2564:
2372:
2343:
1834:
1682:
1670:
1590:
1550:
1444:
1405:
1346:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1298:
1286:
1262:
1247:
1232:
1217:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1161:
1113:
1096:
1011:
999:
987:
975:
963:
376:Donaldson has said that the story of
2991:Children's books about mice and rats
2469:
2375:"Language and style in The Gruffalo"
2045:, Glasgow With Kids, 29 October 2015
1694:
936:Freeman, Hadley (3 September 2022).
931:
929:
888:
886:
884:
371:
333:There's no such thing as a Gruffalo!
288:
2981:Children's books adapted into films
2607:van der Westhuizen, Betsie (2007).
2154:Richards, Stuart (2 January 2017).
1316:Sweet, Matthew (4 September 2004).
800:, and several locations managed by
13:
2752:
2641:
1304:
1134:
14:
3032:
2944:The Gruffalo River Ride Adventure
2717:
2530:An English and Chinese Dictionary
2504:(First ed.). Great Britain:
2455:Creasy, Matthew (7 August 2015).
2210:Harper, Paul (21 February 2019).
2182:Yossman, K. J. (16 August 2022).
1940:Hochstrasser, Tim (6 July 2015).
1835:Hueso, Noela (15 February 2011).
1708:"Gruffalo to menace Christmas TV"
1591:Flood, Alison (25 October 2016).
1529:The Gruffalo Song and Other Songs
926:
881:
810:The Gruffalo River Ride Adventure
698:as the mother squirrel narrator,
88:(UK)/Viking Children's Books (US)
2854:
2798:
2764:
2724:
2099:. 16 August 2015. Archived from
2057:, Glasgow Live, 26 December 2019
1864:"Film | Short Animation in 2010"
567:
405:
35:Front cover of the first edition
29:
3011:Children's books set in forests
2996:Children's books about monsters
2689:The Ohio State University Press
2596:Southern Journal of Linguistics
2286:"Jeremy Vine's Bedtime Stories"
2278:
2253:
2231:
2203:
2175:
2147:
2115:
2085:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2010:
1985:
1959:
1933:
1908:
1883:
1856:
1828:
1803:
1778:
1752:
1726:
1700:
1639:
1612:
1584:
1556:
1519:
1484:
1450:
806:Chessington World of Adventures
635:years after the publication of
572:
234:Chessington World of Adventures
2565:Radhi, Ghassan Fadhil (2022).
2336:
662:
1:
3006:Children's books about snakes
2043:the Gruffalo (in Bearsden...)
1993:"Personalised Gruffalo Gifts"
1916:"Recent Reviews and Feedback"
1532:(CD). Macmillan Audio Books.
1462:(CD). Macmillan Audio. 2002.
870:
630:, was released in 2002 and a
2986:Children's books about foxes
2732:Children's literature portal
2344:Baker, Barbara, ed. (2006).
1647:"The Gruffalo Latin Edition"
875:
388:The Taiwanese translator of
293:In an interview in the book
205:story and was inspired by a
7:
3001:Children's books about owls
2652:University of Toronto Press
842:series of UK postage stamps
10:
3039:
2506:Macmillan Children's Books
2470:Hahn, Daniel, ed. (2015).
1147:Lobscheid & Inoue 1867
861:Nestlé Smarties Book Prize
725:
714:. It was nominated for an
671:
590:
250:
215:Nestlé Smarties Book Prize
2935:
2910:
2885:
2864:
2820:Julia Donaldson's website
2533:. Hong Kong: J. Fujimoto.
2393:10.1177/09639470211072162
1526:Donaldson, Julia (2005).
1318:"We've Created a Monster"
851:
759:
549:Where the Wild Things Are
351:
346:
240:was followed by a sequel—
157:
144:
130:
118:
110:
102:
92:
81:
68:
60:
50:
40:
28:
2123:"Gruffalo in the Forest"
1494:The Gruffalo jigsaw book
3016:Donaldson and Scheffler
2675:Zunshine, Lisa (2019).
2476:Oxford University Press
2380:Language and Literature
2373:Burke, Michael (2022).
1433:van der Westhuizen 2007
1421:van der Westhuizen 2007
1379:van der Westhuizen 2007
1275:van der Westhuizen 2007
1082:van der Westhuizen 2007
1070:van der Westhuizen 2007
1058:van der Westhuizen 2007
1046:van der Westhuizen 2007
667:
643:, multiple dialects of
532:Three Billy Goats Gruff
317:
18:Book by Julia Donaldson
2760:
2740:Listen to this article
2430:10.1098/rspb.2015.1786
1842:The Hollywood Reporter
1740:. UK. 24 December 2009
794:Whinlatter Forest Park
616:
516:
256:Author and illustrator
2971:British picture books
2966:1999 children's books
2759:
2697:10.1353/nar.2019.0000
2660:10.1353/jeu.2011.0013
2626:10.4102/lit.v28i3.168
1625:Scots Language Centre
1497:. London: Macmillan.
865:Blue Peter Book Award
626:version, narrated by
614:
500:
285:, published in 1993.
270:University of Bristol
2926:The Gruffalo's Child
2901:The Gruffalo's Child
2807:at Wikimedia Commons
2791:More spoken articles
2523:Lobscheid, William;
2097:Kids Day Out Reviews
1967:"De Winter Gruffalo"
1815:Magic Light Pictures
770:Dean Heritage Centre
764:A range of official
712:Magic Light Pictures
696:Helena Bonham Carter
654:The Gruffalo's Child
304:A Squash and Squeeze
283:A Squash and Squeeze
243:The Gruffalo's Child
150:The Gruffalo's Child
834:commemorative coins
690:in the title role,
674:The Gruffalo (film)
607:Publication history
425:
419:dactylic tetrameter
189:and illustrated by
25:
2761:
2579:Karabuk University
2261:"The Story so Far"
822:was also opened.
740:Sydney Opera House
678:The book has been
617:
424:
380:was inspired by a
226:commemorative coin
23:
2953:
2952:
2803:Media related to
2757:
2557:978-1-84682-070-0
2548:Four Courts Press
2347:"Julia Donaldson"
2321:. 18 October 2010
2135:on 28 August 2022
1569:The Cornish Times
1447:, pp. 49–50.
1381:, pp. 71–72.
1193:, pp. 48–49.
1099:, pp. 59–60.
1072:, pp. 61–62.
1014:, pp. 53–54.
819:Room on the Broom
778:Mount Vernon Park
524:consonant cluster
492:
491:
382:Chinese folk tale
372:Chinese folk tale
289:Creating the book
264:. Before writing
207:Chinese folk tale
171:
170:
103:Publication place
3028:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2813:Official website
2802:
2781:
2779:
2768:
2767:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2712:
2671:
2638:
2628:
2603:
2590:
2561:
2545:
2534:
2525:Inoue, Tetsujiro
2519:
2503:
2494:Donaldson, Julia
2489:
2466:
2462:The Conversation
2451:
2441:
2404:
2369:
2349:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2131:. Archived from
2128:Forestry England
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2103:on 5 August 2021
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1409:
1403:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1367:
1361:
1350:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1313:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1251:
1245:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1117:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1030:
1024:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
933:
924:
918:
912:
911:
909:
907:
890:
802:Forestry England
514:
426:
423:
415:rhyming couplets
295:The Way We Write
167:
164:
145:Followed by
134:
94:Publication date
33:
26:
22:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3025:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2931:
2906:
2881:
2872:Julia Donaldson
2860:
2853:
2811:
2810:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2772:This audio file
2769:
2762:
2753:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2558:
2516:
2486:
2366:
2339:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2024:. 21 March 2012
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1946:British Theatre
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1524:
1520:
1505:
1489:
1485:
1470:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1370:
1362:
1353:
1345:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1323:The Independent
1314:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1254:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1168:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1120:
1112:
1103:
1095:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1033:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
986:
982:
974:
970:
962:
958:
948:
946:
934:
927:
919:
915:
905:
903:
891:
882:
878:
873:
854:
826:Sterling silver
762:
750:British Theatre
728:
706:as the Fox and
688:Robbie Coltrane
676:
670:
665:
628:Imelda Staunton
609:
593:
575:
570:
515:
512:
408:
374:
354:
349:
320:
291:
258:
253:
230:theme park ride
187:Julia Donaldson
161:
95:
45:Julia Donaldson
36:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3036:
3035:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2877:Axel Scheffler
2874:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2808:
2784:
2770:
2763:
2751:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2719:
2718:External links
2716:
2714:
2713:
2672:
2639:
2604:
2591:
2562:
2556:
2535:
2520:
2514:
2490:
2484:
2474:(2 ed.).
2467:
2452:
2405:
2370:
2364:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2304:
2277:
2252:
2230:
2202:
2174:
2146:
2114:
2084:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2022:Walford Timber
2009:
1984:
1971:Meneer Monster
1958:
1942:"The Gruffalo"
1932:
1907:
1882:
1855:
1827:
1802:
1786:"The Gruffalo"
1777:
1766:. 22 June 2009
1751:
1725:
1714:. 22 June 2009
1699:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1638:
1611:
1583:
1555:
1543:
1518:
1503:
1483:
1468:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1410:
1395:
1393:, p. 148.
1383:
1368:
1351:
1336:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1252:
1237:
1222:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1166:
1151:
1149:, p. 533.
1139:
1118:
1101:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1031:
1027:Donaldson 1999
1016:
1004:
992:
980:
968:
956:
925:
913:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
853:
850:
844:issued by the
774:Forest of Dean
761:
758:
742:. A review in
727:
724:
694:as the mouse,
672:Main article:
669:
666:
664:
661:
608:
605:
592:
589:
574:
571:
569:
566:
562:abstract nouns
558:concrete nouns
510:
490:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
458:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
407:
404:
373:
370:
353:
350:
348:
345:
336:
335:
330:
319:
316:
290:
287:
257:
254:
252:
249:
191:Axel Scheffler
169:
168:
159:
155:
154:
146:
142:
141:
136:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
106:United Kingdom
104:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
83:
79:
78:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
55:Axel Scheffler
52:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
34:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3034:
3033:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:Fantasy books
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2773:
2733:
2722:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2515:0-8037-3109-4
2511:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2485:9780199695140
2481:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2422:Royal Society
2419:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2365:0-8264-9122-7
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2240:
2234:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2044:
2039:
2023:
2019:
2013:
1998:
1997:Gruffalo Shop
1994:
1988:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1831:
1816:
1812:
1811:"Productions"
1806:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1685:, p. 65.
1684:
1679:
1673:, p. 59.
1672:
1667:
1652:
1651:Pan Macmillan
1648:
1642:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1572:. 31 May 2021
1571:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1553:, p. 41.
1552:
1547:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1504:9781405034968
1500:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1469:9781405005180
1465:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1435:, p. 72.
1434:
1429:
1423:, p. 69.
1422:
1417:
1415:
1408:, p. 46.
1407:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1349:, p. 54.
1348:
1343:
1341:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1301:, p. 51.
1300:
1295:
1289:, p. 53.
1288:
1283:
1277:, p. 66.
1276:
1271:
1265:, p. 45.
1264:
1259:
1257:
1250:, p. 48.
1249:
1244:
1242:
1235:, p. 59.
1234:
1229:
1227:
1220:, p. 68.
1219:
1214:
1212:
1205:, p. 49.
1204:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1181:, p. 44.
1180:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1164:, p. 42.
1163:
1158:
1156:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1116:, p. 50.
1115:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1084:, p. 70.
1083:
1078:
1071:
1066:
1060:, p. 61.
1059:
1054:
1048:, p. 58.
1047:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1002:, p. 60.
1001:
996:
990:, p. 57.
989:
984:
978:, p. 56.
977:
972:
966:, p. 49.
965:
960:
945:
944:
939:
932:
930:
922:
917:
902:
901:
896:
889:
887:
885:
880:
868:
866:
862:
858:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
832:, and UK 50p
831:
827:
823:
821:
820:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
757:
755:
751:
747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
723:
721:
717:
716:Academy Award
713:
709:
705:
704:Tom Wilkinson
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
675:
660:
657:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
613:
604:
601:
597:
588:
584:
581:
568:Illustrations
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
509:
506:
499:
496:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
459:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
427:
422:
420:
417:in primarily
416:
412:
406:Writing style
403:
400:
396:
391:
386:
383:
379:
369:
365:
363:
359:
344:
342:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
324:
315:
313:
309:
305:
300:
296:
286:
284:
280:
275:
271:
267:
263:
248:
246:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:animated film
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
181:
178:is a British
177:
176:
166:
160:
156:
153:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
135:
129:
126:
125:0-333-71093-2
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:23 March 1999
97:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
46:
43:
39:
32:
27:
24:The Gruffalo
21:
16:
2942:
2924:
2919:The Gruffalo
2917:
2899:
2894:The Gruffalo
2893:
2892:
2857:The Gruffalo
2856:
2855:
2709:Project MUSE
2707:– via
2684:
2680:
2647:
2643:
2619:(3): 55–74.
2616:
2612:
2599:
2595:
2574:
2570:
2541:
2529:
2500:The Gruffalo
2499:
2471:
2460:
2417:
2413:
2387:(1): 41–61.
2384:
2378:
2351:
2323:. Retrieved
2316:
2307:
2295:. Retrieved
2289:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2265:The Gruffalo
2264:
2255:
2245:25 September
2243:. Retrieved
2233:
2221:. Retrieved
2215:
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2187:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2159:
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2133:the original
2126:
2117:
2107:24 September
2105:. Retrieved
2101:the original
2096:
2087:
2077:24 September
2075:. Retrieved
2071:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2021:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1996:
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1970:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1945:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1920:Tall Stories
1919:
1910:
1898:. Retrieved
1895:The Gruffalo
1894:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1867:
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1840:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1789:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1763:
1754:
1742:. Retrieved
1738:Daily Mirror
1737:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1711:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1666:
1656:24 September
1654:. Retrieved
1650:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1623:
1614:
1604:24 September
1602:. Retrieved
1598:The Guardian
1596:
1586:
1576:24 September
1574:. Retrieved
1567:
1558:
1546:
1528:
1521:
1493:
1486:
1458:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1386:
1366:, p. 2.
1327:. Retrieved
1321:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1198:
1186:
1142:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1007:
995:
983:
971:
959:
949:24 September
947:. Retrieved
943:The Guardian
941:
916:
906:24 September
904:. Retrieved
900:The Guardian
898:
857:The Gruffalo
856:
855:
824:
817:
766:The Gruffalo
765:
763:
749:
745:The Scotsman
743:
729:
702:as the Owl,
692:James Corden
677:
652:
637:The Gruffalo
636:
620:The Gruffalo
619:
618:
596:The Gruffalo
595:
594:
585:
576:
573:The Gruffalo
556:mainly uses
554:The Gruffalo
553:
547:
544:
527:
519:
517:
504:
501:
497:
493:
411:The Gruffalo
410:
409:
395:The Gruffalo
394:
390:The Gruffalo
389:
387:
378:The Gruffalo
377:
375:
366:
362:The Gruffalo
361:
358:The Gruffalo
357:
355:
337:
332:
327:
321:
308:The Gruffalo
307:
303:
299:The Gruffalo
298:
294:
292:
282:
266:The Gruffalo
265:
262:The Gruffalo
261:
259:
241:
238:The Gruffalo
237:
219:
211:The Gruffalo
210:
195:The Gruffalo
194:
183:picture book
175:The Gruffalo
174:
173:
172:
148:
20:
15:
2936:Attractions
2602:(2): 66–79.
2546:. Ireland:
2337:Works cited
2291:BBC Radio 2
2223:3 September
2195:3 September
2161:Surrey Live
1770:27 December
1744:27 December
1718:27 December
1391:Piesse 2007
1364:Creasy 2015
921:Creasy 2015
814:Bubbleworks
804:. In 2017,
754:fourth wall
663:Adaptations
536:typographic
51:Illustrator
2960:Categories
2787:Audio help
2778:2005-07-22
2354:. London:
2325:19 October
2072:Ardkinglas
1973:(in Dutch)
1790:Studio Soi
1683:Radhi 2022
1671:Radhi 2022
1631:8 February
1551:Burke 2022
1478:1042875051
1445:Baker 2006
1406:Burke 2022
1347:Baker 2006
1299:Burke 2022
1287:Burke 2022
1263:Burke 2022
1248:Burke 2022
1233:Baker 2006
1218:Radhi 2022
1203:Burke 2022
1191:Burke 2022
1179:Burke 2022
1162:Burke 2022
1114:Burke 2022
1097:Radhi 2022
1012:Baker 2006
1000:Baker 2006
988:Baker 2006
976:Burke 2022
964:Baker 2006
871:References
846:Royal Mail
838:Royal Mint
786:Ardkinglas
708:Rob Brydon
185:by author
180:children's
73:Children's
2705:150140160
2681:Narrative
2668:144901850
2654:: 30–45.
2635:0258-2279
2613:Liberator
2587:2717-9435
2581:: 55–71.
2401:246372502
2356:Continuum
2297:28 August
2270:28 August
2167:28 August
2139:28 August
2028:28 August
2002:28 August
1977:28 August
1951:28 August
1925:28 August
1900:28 August
1891:"Theatre"
1875:28 August
1848:28 August
1820:28 August
1795:28 August
1695:Hahn 2015
1513:877603901
1329:21 August
876:Citations
722:in 2010.
700:John Hurt
624:audiobook
312:Macmillan
272:and then
203:trickster
199:Macmillan
86:Macmillan
82:Publisher
2865:Creators
2805:Gruffalo
2789: ·
2691:: 1–29.
2527:(1867).
2496:(1999).
2448:26631561
2420:(1820).
2318:BBC News
1538:63210687
1459:Gruffalo
859:won the
736:Broadway
732:West End
511:—
163:gruffalo
139:59379845
61:Language
2776: (
2747:minutes
2439:4685775
2189:Variety
1135:Yu 2011
808:opened
798:Cumbria
782:Glasgow
772:in the
726:Theatre
684:BBC One
680:adapted
641:Cornish
600:Hamburg
591:Setting
453:ground
399:Western
341:crumble
279:Methuen
251:Context
158:Website
76:fantasy
64:English
2703:
2666:
2633:
2585:
2554:
2512:
2482:
2446:
2436:
2399:
2362:
2217:Which?
1536:
1511:
1501:
1476:
1466:
852:Awards
790:Argyll
760:Legacy
738:, and
632:jigsaw
580:bovine
540:italic
528:gruff—
456:house
352:Humour
347:Themes
274:busked
152:
41:Author
2911:Films
2886:Books
2701:S2CID
2687:(1).
2664:S2CID
2650:(2).
2583:eISSN
2577:(1).
2397:S2CID
2241:. ITV
1869:BAFTA
720:BAFTA
649:Latin
645:Scots
450:der-
435:have
429:Come
111:Pages
69:Genre
2631:ISSN
2552:ISBN
2510:ISBN
2480:ISBN
2444:PMID
2360:ISBN
2327:2010
2299:2022
2272:2022
2247:2022
2225:2022
2197:2022
2169:2022
2141:2022
2109:2022
2079:2022
2030:2022
2004:2022
1979:2022
1953:2022
1927:2022
1902:2022
1877:2022
1850:2022
1822:2022
1797:2022
1772:2009
1746:2009
1720:2009
1658:2022
1633:2023
1606:2022
1578:2022
1534:OCLC
1509:OCLC
1499:ISBN
1474:OCLC
1464:ISBN
1331:2022
951:2022
908:2022
863:and
830:gold
668:Film
647:and
503:for
447:un-
438:tea
432:and
318:Plot
228:, a
165:.com
133:OCLC
120:ISBN
2693:doi
2656:doi
2621:doi
2434:PMC
2426:doi
2418:282
2389:doi
1764:BBC
1712:BBC
796:in
788:in
780:in
444:my
441:in
232:in
217:.
2962::
2699:.
2685:27
2683:.
2679:.
2662:.
2646:.
2629:.
2617:28
2615:.
2611:.
2600:36
2598:.
2573:.
2569:.
2550:.
2508:.
2478:.
2459:.
2442:.
2432:.
2424:.
2416:.
2412:.
2395:.
2385:31
2383:.
2377:.
2358:.
2350:.
2315:.
2288:.
2263:.
2214:.
2186:.
2158:.
2125:.
2095:.
2070:.
2020:.
1995:.
1969:.
1944:.
1918:.
1893:.
1866:.
1839:.
1813:.
1788:.
1762:.
1736:.
1710:.
1649:.
1622:.
1595:.
1566:.
1507:.
1472:.
1413:^
1398:^
1371:^
1354:^
1339:^
1320:.
1306:^
1255:^
1240:^
1225:^
1210:^
1169:^
1154:^
1121:^
1104:^
1089:^
1034:^
1019:^
940:.
928:^
897:.
883:^
848:.
828:,
792:,
784:,
734:,
564:.
520:Gr
505:me
488:◡
485:–
482:–
479:◡
476:–
473:–
470:◡
467:–
464:–
461:◡
114:32
2848:e
2841:t
2834:v
2793:)
2785:(
2780:)
2749:)
2745:5
2742:(
2711:.
2695::
2670:.
2658::
2648:3
2637:.
2623::
2589:.
2575:4
2560:.
2518:.
2488:.
2465:.
2450:.
2428::
2403:.
2391::
2368:.
2329:.
2301:.
2274:.
2249:.
2227:.
2199:.
2171:.
2143:.
2111:.
2081:.
2032:.
2006:.
1981:.
1955:.
1929:.
1904:.
1879:.
1852:.
1824:.
1799:.
1774:.
1748:.
1722:.
1697:.
1660:.
1635:.
1608:.
1580:.
1540:.
1515:.
1480:.
1333:.
1137:.
1029:.
953:.
923:.
910:.
656:—
245:—
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
