872:
342:
dreamer—awakened in the final panel. Some situations were merely silly: elephants falling from the ceiling, or two women's mink coats having a fight. Other times, they could be more disturbing: characters finding themselves dismembered, buried alive from a first-person perspective or a child's mother being planted and becoming a tree. In some strips the Fiend was a spectator watching fantastic or horrible things happen to someone close to themself. The protagonists are typically, but not always, of
America’s growing middle-class urban population whom McCay subjects to fears of public humiliation, or loss of social esteem or respectability, or just the uncontrollably weird nature of being.
632:
775:
604:
314:
42:
373:
3590:
480:
1011:
1073:
1348:
1236:
471:, as in McCay's other work, was awkward and could approach illegibility, especially in reproductions, where the artwork has normally been greatly reduced in size. McCay seemed to show little regard for the dialogue balloons, their content, and their placement in the composition. They tend to contain repetitive monologues expressing the increasing distress of the speakers, and show that McCay's gift was in the visual and not the verbal.
3722:
3746:
3734:
1121:
1175:
1105:) is one of the earliest examples of line-drawn animation. A giant top-hatted mosquito flies in through a window to feed on a man in bed, who tries in vain to defend himself. The mosquito drinks itself so full that it explodes. Rather than expanding like a balloon, the mosquito fills up in a naturalistic fashion according to its body structure. The idea for the film came from a
1317:
1318:
1141:, a tramp comes out from a group of meticulously drawn trees and falls asleep, muttering that cheese cakes give him strange dreams. A series of bugs put on performance after performance against highly detailed and realistic backgrounds. The performance ends with a spider who grabs a silhouetted member of the audience and eats him whole.
1016:
1012:
1014:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1078:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1262:
with a flyswatter. The film self-consciously directs the viewers to notice the quality and accuracy of the animation when the house takes off into space, calling attention to the "remarkable piece of animation which follows", accurately showing the revolutions of the Earth and Moon and the "beautiful
1127:
1125:
1122:
1257:
is rendered in meticulous realistic detail. The house is conventional in every respect—until the viewer reaches the attic, where the woman's husband is seen tending an enormous engine. He attaches a propeller to a shaft out front of the house, and tells his wife that his actions are in reaction to
1241:
455:
is not (directly) humorous or escapist. The strips highlight readers' darker selves—hypocrisies, deceitfulness, phobias, and discomfort. They offer often biting social commentary and show marital, money, and religious matters in a negative light. McCay had an interest in pushing formal boundaries,
1015:
600:. Gigantism, with characters overwhelmed by rapidly growing elements, was another recurring motif, perhaps as compensation on McCay's part for a sense of smallness. McCay's brother Arthur had been put in a mental asylum, which may have inspired the themes of insanity that are common in the strip.
1200:
depicts a couple who adopt a mysterious animal with an insatiable appetite. It consumes its milk, the house cat, the house's furnishings, rat poison, and passing vehicles, including airplanes and a blimp, while growing larger and larger. As it wanders among the skyscrapers of the city a swarm of
1126:
348:
was the only one of McCay's strips in which he approached social or political topics, or dealt with contemporary life. He addressed religious leaders, alcoholism, homelessness, political speeches, suicide, fashion, and other topics, whereas his other strips were fantasy or had seemingly vague,
404:
states rarebit was not the sort of dish a person would associate with having nightmares, thereby demonstrating his unfamiliarity with a belief long held - particularly in
England - that the consumption of cheese - and more especially toasted cheese - was likely to cause unpleasant dreams.
341:
on the public. The strip had no recurring characters, but followed a theme: after eating a Welsh rarebit, the day's protagonist would be subject to the darker side of his psyche. Typically, the strip would begin with an absurd situation which became more and more absurd until the Fiend—the
1076:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1180:
1377:"perhaps the most bizarre newspaper feature in American history". Merkl notes examples of the strip presaging ideas and scenes in later media: the strip includes scenes in which a man kicks a dog, slaps a woman, beats a blind man, and throws another woman out a window, as in
1239:
1124:
859:. Though signed "Robert Winsor McCay Jr." (McCay's son), the strips appear to be in McCay's own hand, with the possible exception of the lettering. McCay had also signed some of his animation and editorial cartoons with his son's name. As of 2007 only seven examples of
595:
as "a minefield of hypocrisy, jealousy, and misunderstanding". McCay was a short man, barely five feet (150 cm) tall. He was dominated by his wife, who stood as tall as he was. Images of small, shy men dominated by their taller or fatter wives appear frequently in
824:
The strip appeared two to three times a week. It typically filled a quarter of a newspaper page on weekdays, and half a page on
Saturdays. The strip normally appeared in black-and-white, but 29 of the strips appeared in color throughout 1913, run weekly in the
1178:
940:, reproducing 369 of the strips in full size. Previous reprintings of the strip reduced the strips to about a third of their originally published size, resulting in loss of detail and making the lettering hard to read. The size of the book made automatic
1258:
their landlord's intention to evict them over nonpayment. He says he plans to "steal the house", and the couple fly away to find a place where their landlord will never find them—a swamp, the ocean, even the moon, where they are chased off by the
1335:
1331:(Edison 9585) in 1907, written by Thomas W. Thurban. The music was likely inspired by Porter's 1906 film, and may have been intended to accompany it. The piece was written for an 18–20-piece band, and has been recorded numerous times.
1319:
765:
had been published in 1900. McCay scholar Ulrich Merkl says it was likely McCay was aware of the
Viennese doctor's theories, as they had been widely reported and talked about in the New York newspaper world of which was McCay was a part.
254:'s chain of newspapers with a star's salary. His editor there thought McCay's highly skilled cartooning "serious, not funny", and had McCay give up comic strips in favor of editorial cartooning. McCay revived the strip in 1923–1925 as
1144:
The film was released around
September 12, 1921, and draws from McCay's experiences in the worlds of the circus and vaudeville. The film is presented as a vaudeville show, though without the stage interaction McCay used in
1049:. The Fiend was played by John P. Brawn, who is tormented by imps in his bed, which flies through the air and leaves him hanging from a steeple—a scene similar to that of an early strips that ran on January 28, 1905.
1252:
Against the backdrop of the rapidly urbanizing United States of the 1910s and 1920s, one house from the artificial grid of modern, planned
America takes flight in the dream of a woman who has feasted on Welsh rarebit.
681:(1902) by Harle Oren Cummins. Cummins stated that he drew inspiration for this collection of fifteen science fiction stories from nightmares brought on by eating Welsh rarebit and lobster. Several of McCay's post-
1013:
3320:
1075:
1238:
1123:
837:
to "Silas the
Dreamer". McCay acknowledged the submissions he accepted with a "thanks to ..." on the strip beside his own signature. Among those credited were science fiction pioneer
1177:
494:
McCay began cartooning in the 1890s and had a prolific output published in magazines and newspapers. He became known for his ability to draw quickly, a talent he often employed during
555:
McCay first proposed a strip in which a tobacco fiend finds himself at the North Pole, unable to secure a cigarette and a light. In the last panel he awakens to find it a dream. The
895:
reprinted this collection in 1973 in a 10% enlarged edition with new introductory material. The Dover edition dropped the final strip from the original collection as it contained
1284:
review found the film "interesting because of its excellent workmanship and fantastic character" though it was "not as brightly humorous" as it could be. Film critic
210:—a cheese-on-toast dish. The character awakens in the closing panel and regrets having eaten the rarebit. The dreams often reveal unflattering sides of the dreamers'
3328:
293:. The strip is said to have anticipated a number of recurring ideas in popular culture, such as marauding giant beasts damaging cities—as later popularized by
3262:
994:
went unproduced, though McCay signed a contract to collaborate on it with music by Max
Hirschfeld and lyrics by George Henry Payne and Robert Gilbert Welch.
3173:
3146:
3119:
990:
McCay's work was very popular. It was adapted to film by McCay and others, and was optioned for
Broadway. A "comic opera or musical extravanganza" called
1159:
as his favorite of McCay's films for "the linear expressiveness of the drawings and the intuitive rhythm of the acts". Sarris wrote that a director like
3216:
1216:, which was released around September 19, 1921. The dark film was the last over which McCay had "total creative control", according to McCay biographer
1109:
strip published on June 5, 1909. McCay biographer John
Canemaker commends McCay for his ability to imbue the mosquito with character and a personality.
936:
In July 2007, German art historian Ulrich Merkl self-published a 17 in Ă— 12 in (43.5 cm Ă— 31 cm), 464-page volume called
1288:
contrasted the film's realistic nightmarishness with the more innocent qualities that came to be associated with American cartoons. In 2011, animator
3813:
3299:
424:
strips had minimal backgrounds, and were usually done from a static perspective with the main characters often in a fixed position. The content of
518:, McCay had shown an interest in the topic of dreams. Some of his earlier works, numbering at least 10 regular comic strips, had titles such as
611:
Despite the strip's bleak view, McCay's work was so popular that William Randolph Hearst hired him in 1911 with a star's salary. Hearst editor
975:
3798:
17:
559:
asked McCay to make a series of the strip, but with a Welsh rarebit theme instead of tobacco, and McCay complied. The strip appeared in a
3823:
3237:
3393:
3479:
955:
591:
McCay married in 1891, and the marriage was not a happy one. According to McCay biographer John Canemaker, McCay depicts marriage in
954:
of the strips, and a video of an example of McCay's animation. The sources of the strips were from Merkl's personal collection, the
2865:
1429:
444:
had adult-oriented subjects—social embarrassment, fear of dying or going insane, and so on. Some of the dreams in both strips were
350:
3420:
3366:
3818:
460:
plays a role in many of the strips; characters sometimes refer to McCay's alter-ego "Silas" or to the reader. Though frequent in
3345:
3656:
3537:
674:
strip), and a variety of dream cartoons and illustrations that appeared in various periodicals McCay was likely familiar with.
3453:
644:
Scholars such as Claude Moliterni, Ulrich Merkl, Alfredo Castelli, and others have located possible influences. These include
3778:
3075:
3046:
3023:
2997:
2978:
2959:
2929:
2904:
2873:
2846:
2823:
2795:
2776:
2752:
2724:
2699:
750:
582:
strips as "Silas", a name he borrowed from a neighborhood garbage cart driver. After switching to William Randolph Hearst's
1393:(1933). Merkl compares the strip for March 9, 1907, in which a child's bedroom becomes a lion-infested jungle, to the 1950
1267:". In the end, the house is struck by a military rocket, bringing the nightmare to an end as the woman awakens in her bed.
1032:
271:
206:
or recurring characters, but a recurring theme: a character has a nightmare or other bizarre dream, usually after eating a
666:
636:
847:
initial run continued until 1911. It appeared again in various papers between 1911 and 1913 under other titles, such as
222:, discomforts, and dark fantasies. This was in great contrast to the colorful fantasy dreams in McCay's signature strip
2921:
3270:
3648:
2951:
1387:(1930); and giant characters let loose in the big city, climbing and damaging buildings and subway trains, as in
3773:
3487:
3187:
3156:
3129:
3094:
2896:
2744:
1423:. Stephen R. Bissette compares a strip featuring elevators flying from buildings and other scenes to the 2005
3808:
3680:
3295:
3220:
944:
impossible, so it had to be bound by hand. The book was limited to 1000 copies, and a DVD was included with
3803:
3783:
3629:
3067:
979:
548:
2786:
Castelli, Alfredo (2007). "A dreamer with his feet planted firmly on the ground". In Merkl, Ulrich (ed.).
3768:
2681:
2647:
833:
had neglected to print. McCay sometimes encouraged readers to submit dream ideas, to be sent care of the
722:
1334:
3712:
3530:
3324:
2815:
1458:
1366:, such as the October 31, 1907, "walking bed" episode, which was used in the July 26, 1908, episode of
702:
974:
run of the strip. Merkl has said that, on average, six hours were required per strip for scanning and
3793:
1508:
began producing short comics based on his dreams. Beginning in 1994, he put out twenty-one issues of
670:(1865) (particularly the pool of tears scene, which seems related to the flood of sweat in one early
631:
615:
deemed McCay's work "serious, not funny", and had the cartoonist give up his comic strips (including
584:
1274:
McCay as the producer. The film was released on September 26, 1921, and was credited to McCay's son
2860:
America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide To The Landmark Movies In The National Film Registry
2716:
3470:
3394:"The Complete Dream of the Rarebit Fiend (1904–1913) by Winsor McCay 'Silas'". Ulrich Merkl, 2007"
871:
3788:
3613:
3605:
2691:
1437:
1398:
1098:
1092:
1084:
967:
277:
251:
191:
3217:"Dream of the Dream of the Rarebit Fiend: An Interview with Ulrich Merkl (with Three Addendums)"
3403:
3098:
745:
603:
2884:
2807:
774:
588:
newspaper in 1911, McCay dropped the "Silas" pseudonym and signed his work with his own name.
526:. McCay's were not the first dream-themed comic strips to be published: McCay's employer, the
3523:
3085:
Theisen, Earl (1967) . "The History of the Animated Cartooning". In Fielding, Raymond (ed.).
1463:
1389:
1264:
959:
295:
3245:
950:
539:
301:
203:
8:
3621:
3561:
3500:
3321:"Survey 1 Comic Strip Essays: Katie Moody on Winsor McCay's "Dream of the Rarebit Fiend""
3316:
3212:
3182:
1501:
1328:
1221:
1147:
978:. The book also featured two essays by Italian comics editor Alfredo Castelli and one by
910:
888:
211:
175:
139:
3508:
3430:
41:
3672:
3664:
3425:
3376:
3087:
2944:
2858:
2838:
1684:
1419:
1280:
1270:
The title card reverts to the singular "Dream" for the series title and credits Winsor
892:
735:
727:
366:
354:
3589:
1224:
called it "the first-ever 'giant monster attacking a city' motion picture ever made".
3349:
3071:
3042:
3019:
2993:
2974:
2955:
2925:
2900:
2869:
2842:
2819:
2791:
2772:
2748:
2720:
2695:
1688:
1327:
The Edison Military Band performed a piece called "Dream of the Rarebit Fiend" on an
1305:
1297:
740:
432:, whose focus was on beautiful visuals. The stories were self-contained, whereas the
358:
3041:(.doc). Catalog of episodes & text of the book: Ulrich Merkl. pp. 552–561.
2790:(.doc). Catalog of episodes & text of the book: Ulrich Merkl. pp. 549–551.
917:), a collection of miscellaneous work by McCay. Checker Books reprinted many of the
3726:
3474:
3151:
3124:
1676:
1383:
1160:
445:
338:
1402:
1278:, though Canemaker states it is unlikely the elder McCay was not involved. A 1921
3398:
3371:
3241:
3061:
3009:
2915:
2766:
2738:
2710:
2685:
1620:
1410:
1259:
1038:
1020:
731:
712:
612:
362:
266:
181:
127:
2001:
1680:
408:
McCay's most famous character, Little Nemo, first appeared in the first year of
3738:
2762:
2734:
1667:
Oates, Caroline (2003). "Cheese gives you nightmares: Old hags and heartburn".
1493:
1301:
1217:
1046:
914:
838:
653:
535:
468:
457:
412:, on December 10, 1904. In 1905, McCay had Nemo appear in his own strip in the
401:
393:
1378:
400:
mixed in. McCay used it despite its relative innocuousness: cultural theorist
372:
3762:
3750:
1483:
1479:
1414:
1289:
1152:
982:, former president of the International Association for the Study of Dreams.
948:
of the 821 known installments of the strip, the complete text of the book, a
945:
717:
697:
661:
543:
503:
318:
313:
207:
199:. For contractual reasons, McCay signed the strip with the pen name "Silas".
2584:
1910:
3546:
3115:
3039:
The Complete Dream of the Rarebit Fiend (1904–1913) by Winsor McCay 'Silas'
2990:
The Complete Dream of the Rarebit Fiend (1904–1913) by Winsor McCay 'Silas'
2971:
The Complete Dream of the Rarebit Fiend (1904–1913) by Winsor McCay 'Silas'
2939:
2788:
The Complete Dream of the Rarebit Fiend (1904–1913) by Winsor McCay 'Silas'
2643:
1513:
1401:", and the strip from September 26, 1908, depicting a stretchable face, to
1394:
1285:
899:
that the publisher believed would not be to the taste of a 1970s audience.
707:
507:
483:
397:
349:
timeless backgrounds. The strip referenced contemporary events such as the
170:
59:
173:, begun September 10, 1904. It was McCay's second successful strip, after
3577:
3057:
1505:
1351:
Giants damaging cities and other ideas have become a part of pop culture.
1293:
941:
896:
693:
645:
578:
for the strip work to keep it separate from his other work. McCay signed
542:
had begun to enter the public consciousness with the 1900 publication of
530:, had printed at least three such strips, beginning with Charles Reese's
377:
224:
166:
151:
3287:
2327:
2325:
1445:
1424:
755:
499:
495:
334:
2286:
1338:
Main theme of "Dream of the Rarebit Fiend" by Thomas W. Thurban (1907)
3698:
2740:
The Poetics of Slumberland: Animated Spirits and the Animating Spirit
2357:
2322:
2182:
2180:
2178:
1471:
1275:
963:
219:
1763:
1729:
1727:
1725:
479:
464:, this self-referentiality does not appear in McCay's other strips.
3015:
2373:
2341:
2017:
1888:
1886:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1202:
1163:"would be honored by such insight into the ritual of performance".
575:
388:
The rarebit is a dish typically made with rich cheese thinned with
3745:
3011:
Comics, Manga, and Graphic Novels: A History of Graphic Narratives
2992:(.doc). Catalog of episodes & text of the book: Ulrich Merkl.
2175:
3721:
1722:
1347:
640:
was a likely influence which anticipated ideas in McCay's strips.
3733:
2239:
1883:
1579:
3515:
785:
was McCay's longest running comic strip. He made over 300 more
761:
McCay never acknowledged the influence of Sigmund Freud, whose
215:
2255:
2208:
275:
in 1906, and four pioneering animated films by McCay himself:
3263:"The Rarebit Fiend Dreams On: An Interview with Ulrich Merkl"
2889:: Reconstructing Music and the Animated Cartoon of the 1920s"
1596:
1362:. A large number of the Nemo strips used ideas recycled from
1189:
1137:
The series title is pluralized for this film. In the fantasy
1097:
Put together in December 1911, and released in 1912, McCay's
1057:
McCay produced four hand-drawn animated films based upon his
929:. The Checker books reprinted all but about 300 of the known
863:
were known, though it is nearly certain others were printed.
3033:
Taylor, Jeremy (2007). "Some archetypal symbolic aspects of
2917:
Illuminating Letters: Typography and Literary Interpretation
2712:
The Earwig's Tail: A Modern Bestiary of Multi-Legged Legends
1861:
1859:
1857:
1811:
1358:
set up a formula which McCay was to use in the better-known
855:. From 1923 to 1925 McCay revived the strip under the title
3266:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2192:
1739:
1462:, which Barks read growing up. Several episodes of Barks's
1041:
produced a seven-minute live-action film adaptation called
2276:
2274:
1775:
925:
and in 2006 reprinted 183 of the color Saturday strips in
829:. These were strips drawn between 1908 and 1911 which the
801:. It was McCay's second successful newspaper strip, after
3089:
A Technological History of Motion Pictures and Television
2536:
2524:
2139:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2045:
2033:
1966:
1954:
1854:
1567:
1557:
1555:
793:. The first strip appeared on September 10, 1904, in the
778:
A giant man romps through New York City (7 January 1905).
467:
In contrast to the skilled artwork, the lettering in the
389:
2687:
Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age
2488:
2478:
2476:
2454:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2064:
2062:
2060:
1712:
1710:
1608:
3421:"Art Spiegelman's Maus and the After-Images of History"
2512:
2271:
2103:
2074:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1871:
1787:
1695:
2086:
1552:
1474:
from between 1943 and 1954 are said to show clearly a
1436:
The strip was most likely an influence on episodes of
734:
story "The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb" (1889),
3710:
2612:
2600:
2560:
2548:
2473:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2310:
2298:
2229:
2227:
2163:
2151:
2127:
2115:
2057:
1942:
1930:
1898:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1799:
1751:
1707:
1648:
805:
landed him a position on the cartooning staff of the
797:, a few months after the first appearance of McCay's
3512:(1902) by Harle Oren Cummins at the Internet Archive
2572:
1978:
1516:
published a poem titled "Dream of a Rarebit Fiend".
2893:
Beyond the Soundtrack: Representing Music in Cinema
2500:
2389:
179:secured him a position on the cartoon staff of the
3086:
2943:
2857:
2832:
2594:
2292:
2224:
2186:
2007:
1892:
1823:
1769:
1733:
1626:
1590:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1002:
2624:
1064:
436:story continued from week to week. The dreams in
228:, which he began in 1905. Whereas children were
3760:
3504:(1901) by Gelett Burgess at the Internet Archive
2891:. In Goldmark, Daniel; Kramer, Lawrence (eds.).
1636:
333:and a full generation before the artists of the
2833:Dover Publications (1973). "Publisher's Note".
1525:
1196:The series title is pluralized for this title.
321:, consisting of seasoned melted cheese on toast
329:in 1904, a year before the dream romps of his
3531:
3314:
2913:
2810:. In Glover, David; McCracken, Scott (eds.).
1865:
1817:
1630:
677:The most probable influence on the strip was
623:) to work full-time illustrating editorials.
250:led to McCay gaining a contract in 1911 with
2946:The Art of the Funnies: An Aesthetic History
2805:
1573:
3346:"Dreams and Obsessions on Shelf and Screen"
3238:"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend: The Saturdays"
1323:"The Dream of the Rarebit Fiend" theme song
758:'s "The 1,000,000 Pound Bank-Note" (1893).
685:strips from 1911 and 1912 were even titled
3538:
3524:
3343:
2812:The Cambridge Companion to Popular Fiction
2806:Chute, Hillary; Devoken, Marianne (2012).
2245:
2097:
1227:
486:'s rocky marriage affected his outlook in
3285:
2761:
2708:
2467:
2448:
2383:
2367:
2351:
2331:
2280:
2109:
2011:
1924:
1716:
1701:
1466:appear to have taken their subjects from
927:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend: The Saturdays
789:episodes than he made of the more famous
428:played a much bigger role than it did in
3471:Complete scans from the Ulrich Merkl DVD
3392:Stofka, Beth Davies (February 3, 2008).
3211:
3174:"Mighty Movie Podcast: Bill Plympton on
3007:
2914:Gutjahr, Paul C.; Benton, Megan (2001).
2882:
2866:Continuum International Publishing Group
2785:
2733:
2642:
2590:
2518:
2261:
2027:
1995:
1877:
1793:
1781:
1745:
1654:
1602:
1561:
1346:
1333:
1315:
1234:
1173:
1119:
1112:
1071:
1009:
921:strips over eight volumes of the series
870:
773:
692:Other influences have been established:
630:
602:
478:
451:Unlike most comic strips from the time,
371:
312:
3814:Animated films based on American comics
3364:
3171:
3084:
3056:
2680:
2506:
2494:
2482:
2436:
2419:
2407:
2363:
2335:
2316:
2304:
2202:
1478:influence. Science fiction illustrator
258:, of which few examples have survived.
27:Early 20th-century American comic strip
14:
3761:
3657:Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland
3391:
3348:. For Inspiration Only. Archived from
3260:
3063:Animating Space: From Mickey to Wall-E
3032:
2987:
2968:
2938:
2618:
2606:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2542:
2530:
2265:
2249:
2233:
2218:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2121:
2080:
2068:
2051:
2039:
2023:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1920:
1904:
1848:
1836:
1805:
1757:
1614:
3519:
3418:
3235:
3114:
2855:
2630:
2395:
2379:
2347:
2214:
1666:
1642:
1470:. Many scenes from animated films by
1296:to fund the project. He had the film
1052:
769:
3261:Heller, Steven (November 13, 2007).
3144:
2198:
1916:
1546:
1212:strip from March 8, 1905, inspired
1033:Dream of a Rarebit Fiend (1906 film)
3799:Comics adapted into animated series
3120:"Waking Dream of the Rarebit Fiend"
1407:Soft self-portrait with fried bacon
24:
2771:(Revised ed.). Abrams Books.
25:
3835:
3824:Food and drink in popular culture
3447:
3365:Raiteri, Steve (March 15, 2006).
3344:van Opstal, Huib (January 2008).
3302:from the original on May 27, 2024
3236:Brady, Matthew (March 12, 2008).
2922:University of Massachusetts Press
1430:Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
1166:
574:s editor required McCay to use a
365:(1904) in New York City; and the
3744:
3732:
3720:
3588:
3545:
3172:Persons, Dan (August 15, 2011).
2808:"Comic Books and Graphic Novels"
1373:Comics scholar Jeet Heer called
992:Dream of the Welsh Rarebit Fiend
891:and reprinted 61 of the strips.
883:The earliest collection, titled
667:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
637:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
392:and served melted on toast with
261:A number of film adaptations of
40:
2952:University Press of Mississippi
2636:
1660:
875:Cover of the first collection,
607:Buried alive (25 February 1905)
235:s target audience, McCay aimed
195:, a newspaper published by the
3819:Films directed by Winsor McCay
3145:Heer, Jeet (January 8, 2006).
3095:University of California Press
2897:University of California Press
2768:Winsor McCay: His Life and Art
2745:University of California Press
2668:
1512:from his own King Hell Press.
1510:Roarin' Rick's Rare Bit Fiends
1190:giant monster attacking a city
985:
866:
502:stage (alongside the likes of
13:
1:
3681:Little Nemo: The Dream Master
3107:
1519:
1444:. Many scholars believe that
817:, which was published by the
626:
474:
84:
3779:Comic strips by Winsor McCay
3630:The Sinking of the Lusitania
3068:University Press of Kentucky
1043:The Dream of a Rarebit Fiend
763:The Interpretation of Dreams
440:were aimed at children, but
325:Winsor McCay first produced
100:The Dream of a Lobster Fiend
69:September 10, 1904
18:The Dream of a Rarebit Fiend
7:
3290:Dreams of the Rarebit Fiend
3037:". In Merkl, Ulrich (ed.).
2835:Dreams of the Rarebit Fiend
1681:10.1080/0015587032000104220
885:Dreams of the Rarebit Fiend
877:Dreams of the Rarebit Fiend
723:The Adventures of Pinocchio
308:
10:
3840:
3570:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
3484:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
3325:Center for Cartoon Studies
3296:Don Markstein's Toonopedia
3035:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
2816:Cambridge University Press
2709:Berenbaum, May R. (2009).
2648:"Postscript: John Ashbery"
1459:The San Francisco Examiner
1205:gather to bomb the beast.
1090:
1030:
938:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
845:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
811:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
783:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
703:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
512:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
410:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
382:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
327:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
162:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
35:Dream of the Rarebit Fiend
3691:
3640:
3597:
3586:
3553:
3501:The Burgess Nonsense Book
3464:
3008:Petersen, Robert (2010).
2883:Goldmark, Daniel (2007).
1866:Moody & Bissette 2010
1818:Gutjahr & Benton 2001
1631:Moody & Bissette 2010
1342:
1292:restored the film, using
923:Winsor McCay: Early Works
658:The Burgess Nonsense Book
265:have appeared, including
146:
134:
122:
93:
80:
65:
55:
39:
34:
3649:Dream of a Rarebit Fiend
3493:
3454:Index of first lines in
3419:Young, James E. (2000).
3219:. Myrant. Archived from
2717:Harvard University Press
2673:
1574:Chute & Devoken 2012
1452:, was likely exposed to
1311:
1188:is likely the earliest "
1025:Dream of a Rarebit Fiend
1004:Dream of a Rarebit Fiend
972:New York Evening Journal
970:containing the complete
956:Cartoon Research Library
907:Daydreams and Nightmares
889:Frederick A. Stokes
887:, appeared in 1905 from
687:Dream of a Lobster Fiend
549:Interpretation of Dreams
272:Dream of a Rarebit Fiend
3614:How a Mosquito Operates
3286:Markstein, Don (2007).
3101:–87. GGKEY:6ZBS232TCDQ.
2692:Oxford University Press
2595:Dover Publications 1973
2293:Dover Publications 1973
2187:Dover Publications 1973
2008:Dover Publications 1973
1893:Dover Publications 1973
1770:Dover Publications 1973
1734:Dover Publications 1973
1627:Dover Publications 1973
1591:Dover Publications 1973
1496:paid parodic homage to
1405:'s surrealist painting
1103:The Story of a Mosquito
1093:How a Mosquito Operates
1085:How a Mosquito Operates
1066:How a Mosquito Operates
997:
968:New York Public Library
278:How a Mosquito Operates
252:William Randolph Hearst
169:by American cartoonist
3460:by Teary Eyes Anderson
3204:
2988:Merkl, Ulrich (2007).
2969:Merkl, Ulrich (2007).
2856:Eagan, Daniel (2010).
1605:, pp. 48, 53, 80.
1352:
1339:
1324:
1249:
1193:
1134:
1088:
1028:
880:
779:
746:Robert Louis Stevenson
641:
608:
491:
385:
322:
3774:American comic strips
3319:(November 22, 2010).
2646:(September 4, 2017).
1486:covers influenced by
1448:, a professed fan of
1440:'s early comic strip
1350:
1337:
1322:
1245:
1184:
1130:
1082:
1019:
960:Ohio State University
874:
777:
751:Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
634:
606:
482:
420:, the artwork of the
375:
357:; the recently built
316:
3809:Public domain comics
3379:on November 12, 2006
3317:Bissette, Stephen R.
3248:on November 22, 2008
3223:on September 9, 2015
3213:Bissette, Stephen R.
3190:on November 11, 2011
3159:on February 27, 2006
3118:(October 31, 2007).
2899:. pp. 225–245.
2818:. pp. 175–195.
2295:, pp. xii–xiii.
1482:painted a number of
1456:, which appeared in
1039:Edwin S. Porter
913:, 1988/2006; editor
849:Midsummer Day Dreams
650:The Book of Nonsense
540:dream interpretation
281:in 1912, and 1921's
267:Edwin S. Porter
105:Midsummer Day Dreams
3804:Comics about dreams
3784:1925 comics endings
3622:Gertie the Dinosaur
3562:Little Sammy Sneeze
3509:Welsh Rarebit Tales
3488:Comic Strip Library
3406:on January 14, 2010
3183:The Huffington Post
2545:, pp. 530–531.
2533:, pp. 495–496.
2148:, pp. 488–489.
2054:, pp. 552–553.
2042:, pp. 498–499.
1975:, pp. 555–556.
1963:, pp. 554–555.
1748:, pp. 60, 221.
1617:, pp. 490–492.
1500:in his 1974 strip "
1222:Stephen R. Bissette
1148:Gertie the Dinosaur
966:purchased from the
905:examples appear in
853:It Was Only a Dream
799:Little Sammy Sneeze
679:Welsh Rarebit Tales
524:It Was Only a Dream
458:self-referentiality
416:. In comparison to
335:Surrealist movement
176:Little Sammy Sneeze
140:Little Sammy Sneeze
110:It Was Only a Dream
3769:1904 comics debuts
3426:The New York Times
3147:"The Dream Artist"
3132:on October 7, 2008
2839:Dover Publications
1784:, pp. 63, 87.
1772:, pp. ix–xii.
1480:Frank R. Paul
1464:Donald Duck strips
1442:Bobby Make-Believe
1411:cosmetic surgeries
1353:
1340:
1325:
1250:
1194:
1135:
1089:
1053:Animation by McCay
1029:
951:catalogue raisonné
893:Dover Publications
881:
780:
770:Publishing history
736:Henryk Sienkiewicz
728:Arthur Conan Doyle
698:L. Frank Baum
642:
609:
492:
386:
367:Russo-Japanese War
355:Theodore Roosevelt
323:
242:The popularity of
46:January 28, 1905,
3708:
3707:
3352:on April 29, 2008
3215:(July 23, 2007).
3077:978-0-8131-2586-2
3053:(on included DVD)
3048:978-3-00-020751-8
3025:978-0-313-36330-6
3004:(on included DVD)
2999:978-3-00-020751-8
2980:978-3-00-020751-8
2961:978-0-87805-674-3
2940:Harvey, Robert C.
2931:978-1-55849-288-2
2906:978-0-520-25070-3
2875:978-0-8264-2977-3
2848:978-0-486-21347-7
2825:978-0-521-51337-1
2802:(on included DVD)
2797:978-3-00-020751-8
2778:978-0-8109-5941-5
2754:978-0-520-95150-1
2726:978-0-674-03540-9
2701:978-0-19-516729-0
2497:, pp. 54–58.
2083:, pp. 27–28.
1669:Folklore (London)
1320:
1308:provided voices.
1306:Patricia Clarkson
1263:constellation of
1243:
1182:
1128:
1080:
1017:
915:Richard Marschall
708:J. M. Barrie
585:New York American
508:W. C. Fields
469:dialogue balloons
376:McCay introduced
359:Flatiron Building
202:The strip had no
158:
157:
94:Alternate name(s)
16:(Redirected from
3831:
3794:Gag-a-day comics
3749:
3748:
3737:
3736:
3725:
3724:
3716:
3592:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3475:Internet Archive
3442:
3440:
3438:
3433:on June 16, 2001
3429:. Archived from
3415:
3413:
3411:
3402:. Archived from
3388:
3386:
3384:
3375:. Archived from
3367:"Graphic novels"
3361:
3359:
3357:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3327:. Archived from
3311:
3309:
3307:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3269:. Archived from
3257:
3255:
3253:
3244:. Archived from
3232:
3230:
3228:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3186:. Archived from
3176:The Flying House
3168:
3166:
3164:
3155:. Archived from
3152:The Boston Globe
3141:
3139:
3137:
3128:. Archived from
3125:The Boston Globe
3102:
3092:
3081:
3052:
3029:
3003:
2984:
2973:. Ulrich Merkl.
2965:
2949:
2935:
2910:
2879:
2863:
2852:
2829:
2801:
2782:
2758:
2730:
2705:
2682:Barrier, Michael
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2471:
2465:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2377:
2371:
2361:
2355:
2345:
2339:
2329:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2269:
2259:
2253:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2222:
2212:
2206:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2021:
2015:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1720:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1550:
1544:
1321:
1255:The Flying House
1247:The Flying House
1244:
1229:The Flying House
1183:
1161:Federico Fellini
1129:
1081:
1045:in 1906 for the
1018:
861:Rarebit Reveries
857:Rarebit Reveries
831:Evening Telegram
815:Evening Telegram
694:H. G. Wells
573:
565:Evening Telegram
563:subsidiary, the
446:wish-fulfillment
291:The Flying House
256:Rarebit Reveries
234:
192:Evening Telegram
189:appeared in the
115:Rarebit Reveries
89:
86:
76:
74:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3687:
3636:
3593:
3584:
3549:
3544:
3496:
3467:
3450:
3445:
3436:
3434:
3409:
3407:
3399:Broken Frontier
3382:
3380:
3372:Library Journal
3355:
3353:
3334:
3332:
3331:on May 30, 2013
3305:
3303:
3276:
3274:
3273:on May 10, 2015
3251:
3249:
3242:Comics Bulletin
3226:
3224:
3207:
3202:
3193:
3191:
3162:
3160:
3135:
3133:
3110:
3105:
3078:
3049:
3026:
3000:
2981:
2962:
2932:
2907:
2876:
2849:
2826:
2798:
2779:
2763:Canemaker, John
2755:
2735:Bukatman, Scott
2727:
2702:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2474:
2466:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2378:
2374:
2362:
2358:
2346:
2342:
2334:, p. 138;
2330:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2272:
2260:
2256:
2246:van Opstal 2008
2244:
2240:
2232:
2225:
2213:
2209:
2197:
2193:
2189:, p. xiii.
2185:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2098:van Opstal 2008
2096:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2026:, p. 487;
2022:
2018:
2010:, p. xii;
2006:
2002:
1994:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1923:, p. 518;
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1835:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1723:
1715:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1629:, p. xii;
1625:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1526:
1522:
1409:(1941) and the
1345:
1329:Edison cylinder
1316:
1314:
1260:Man in the Moon
1235:
1233:
1174:
1172:
1120:
1118:
1101:(also known as
1095:
1072:
1070:
1055:
1035:
1021:Edwin S. Porter
1010:
1008:
1000:
988:
869:
795:New York Herald
772:
732:Sherlock Holmes
713:Peter and Wendy
629:
613:Arthur Brisbane
571:
528:New York Herald
477:
414:New York Herald
363:St. Regis Hotel
311:
269:'s live-action
232:
182:New York Herald
165:is a newspaper
128:New York Herald
87:
72:
70:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3789:Fantasy comics
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3754:
3753:
3741:
3729:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3574:
3566:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3505:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3477:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3449:
3448:External links
3446:
3444:
3443:
3416:
3389:
3362:
3341:
3315:Moody, Katie;
3312:
3283:
3258:
3233:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3169:
3142:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3082:
3076:
3058:Telotte, J. P.
3054:
3047:
3030:
3024:
3005:
2998:
2985:
2979:
2966:
2960:
2936:
2930:
2911:
2905:
2880:
2874:
2853:
2847:
2830:
2824:
2803:
2796:
2783:
2777:
2759:
2753:
2731:
2725:
2706:
2700:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2652:The New Yorker
2635:
2623:
2621:, p. 501.
2611:
2609:, p. 500.
2599:
2583:
2571:
2569:, p. 261.
2559:
2557:, p. 531.
2547:
2535:
2523:
2521:, p. 227.
2511:
2499:
2487:
2472:
2470:, p. 198.
2468:Canemaker 2005
2453:
2451:, p. 197.
2449:Canemaker 2005
2441:
2424:
2412:
2400:
2388:
2386:, p. 167.
2384:Canemaker 2005
2382:, p. 33;
2372:
2370:, p. 165.
2368:Canemaker 2005
2366:, p. 17;
2356:
2354:, p. 164.
2352:Canemaker 2005
2350:, p. 33;
2340:
2332:Berenbaum 2009
2321:
2309:
2297:
2285:
2281:Canemaker 2005
2270:
2254:
2238:
2223:
2221:, p. 583.
2207:
2191:
2174:
2172:, p. 466.
2162:
2160:, p. 485.
2150:
2138:
2136:, p. 478.
2126:
2124:, p. 498.
2114:
2110:Canemaker 2005
2102:
2085:
2073:
2071:, p. 488.
2056:
2044:
2032:
2016:
2012:Canemaker 2005
2000:
1977:
1965:
1953:
1951:, p. 512.
1941:
1939:, p. 555.
1929:
1925:Canemaker 2005
1909:
1907:, p. 479.
1897:
1882:
1880:, p. 549.
1870:
1853:
1851:, p. 554.
1841:
1822:
1820:, p. 166.
1810:
1808:, p. 492.
1798:
1796:, p. 193.
1786:
1774:
1762:
1760:, p. 496.
1750:
1738:
1736:, p. vii.
1721:
1717:Markstein 2007
1706:
1702:Canemaker 2005
1694:
1675:(2): 205–225.
1659:
1647:
1635:
1619:
1607:
1595:
1593:, p. xii.
1578:
1566:
1564:, p. 102.
1551:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1494:Art Spiegelman
1344:
1341:
1313:
1310:
1302:Matthew Modine
1281:New York Times
1232:
1226:
1218:John Canemaker
1201:airplanes and
1171:
1165:
1157:Bug Vaudeville
1151:. Film critic
1139:Bug Vaudeville
1132:Bug Vaudeville
1117:
1114:Bug Vaudeville
1111:
1091:Main article:
1069:
1063:
1054:
1051:
1047:Edison Company
1031:Main article:
1007:
1001:
999:
996:
987:
984:
868:
865:
839:Hugo Gernsback
771:
768:
654:Gelett Burgess
628:
625:
536:Psychoanalysis
476:
473:
402:Scott Bukatman
337:unleashed the
310:
307:
283:Bug Vaudeville
156:
155:
148:
144:
143:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
95:
91:
90:
82:
78:
77:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3836:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3676:(arcade game)
3675:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3459:
3457:
3456:Rarebit Fiend
3452:
3451:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3284:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3170:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3116:Glenn, Joshua
3113:
3112:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2644:Chiasson, Dan
2639:
2632:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2597:, p. ix.
2596:
2592:
2591:Bissette 2007
2587:
2581:, p. 55.
2580:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2544:
2539:
2532:
2527:
2520:
2519:Goldmark 2007
2515:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2491:
2485:, p. 59.
2484:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2445:
2439:, p. 51.
2438:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2422:, p. 53.
2421:
2416:
2410:, p. 52.
2409:
2404:
2398:, p. 33.
2397:
2392:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2338:, p. 54.
2337:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2319:, p. 54.
2318:
2313:
2307:, p. 84.
2306:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2283:, p. 78.
2282:
2277:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2262:Bissette 2007
2258:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2166:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2118:
2112:, p. 83.
2111:
2106:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2030:, p. 50.
2029:
2028:Bukatman 2012
2025:
2020:
2014:, p. 82.
2013:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1996:Bissette 2007
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1927:, p. 85.
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1895:, p. ix.
1894:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1878:Castelli 2007
1874:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1814:
1807:
1802:
1795:
1794:Bukatman 2012
1790:
1783:
1782:Bukatman 2012
1778:
1771:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1747:
1746:Bukatman 2012
1742:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1704:, p. 87.
1703:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1657:, p. 57.
1656:
1655:Bukatman 2012
1651:
1644:
1639:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1603:Bukatman 2012
1599:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1576:, p. 80.
1575:
1570:
1563:
1562:Petersen 2010
1558:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:Rarebit Fiend
1495:
1491:
1489:
1488:Rarebit Fiend
1485:
1484:pulp magazine
1481:
1477:
1476:Rarebit Fiend
1473:
1469:
1468:Rarebit Fiend
1465:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1454:Rarebit Fiend
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1415:Terry Gilliam
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:Salvador DalĂ
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1375:Rarebit Fiend
1371:
1369:
1365:
1364:Rarebit Fiend
1361:
1357:
1356:Rarebit Fiend
1349:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1300:, and actors
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:Bill Plympton
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1248:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1220:. Cartoonist
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:Rarebit Fiend
1206:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:Andrew Sarris
1150:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1133:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1107:Rarebit Fiend
1104:
1100:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1059:Rarebit Fiend
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:Film pioneer
1034:
1026:
1022:
1005:
995:
993:
983:
981:
980:Jeremy Taylor
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
931:Rarebit Fiend
928:
924:
920:
919:Rarebit Fiend
916:
912:
911:Fantagraphics
908:
904:
903:Rarebit Fiend
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
878:
873:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
822:
821:at the time.
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:Rarebit Fiend
784:
776:
767:
764:
759:
757:
753:
752:
747:
743:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:
719:
718:Carlo Collodi
715:
714:
709:
705:
704:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
672:Rarebit Fiend
669:
668:
663:
662:Lewis Carroll
659:
655:
651:
647:
639:
638:
633:
624:
622:
618:
617:Rarebit Fiend
614:
605:
601:
599:
598:Rarebit Fiend
594:
593:Rarebit Fiend
589:
587:
586:
581:
580:Rarebit Fiend
577:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:Harry Houdini
501:
497:
489:
488:Rarebit Fiend
485:
481:
472:
470:
465:
463:
462:Rarebit Fiend
459:
454:
453:Rarebit Fiend
449:
447:
443:
442:Rarebit Fiend
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Rarebit Fiend
423:
422:Rarebit Fiend
419:
415:
411:
406:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
379:
374:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:1904 election
347:
346:Rarebit Fiend
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
320:
319:Welsh rarebit
315:
306:
304:
303:
298:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
274:
273:
268:
264:
263:Rarebit Fiend
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:Rarebit Fiend
240:
238:
237:Rarebit Fiend
231:
227:
226:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:Welsh rarebit
205:
200:
198:
194:
193:
188:
187:Rarebit Fiend
184:
183:
178:
177:
172:
168:
164:
163:
154:
153:
149:
145:
142:
141:
137:
133:
130:
129:
125:
121:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
96:
92:
83:
79:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
49:
48:Rarebit Fiend
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3756:
3684:(video game)
3679:
3671:
3663:
3655:
3647:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3576:
3569:
3568:
3560:
3554:Comic strips
3547:Winsor McCay
3507:
3499:
3483:
3455:
3435:. Retrieved
3431:the original
3424:
3408:. Retrieved
3404:the original
3397:
3381:. Retrieved
3377:the original
3370:
3356:September 4,
3354:. Retrieved
3350:the original
3335:February 18,
3333:. Retrieved
3329:the original
3304:. Retrieved
3289:
3275:. Retrieved
3271:the original
3250:. Retrieved
3246:the original
3225:. Retrieved
3221:the original
3192:. Retrieved
3188:the original
3181:
3175:
3161:. Retrieved
3157:the original
3150:
3134:. Retrieved
3130:the original
3123:
3088:
3062:
3038:
3034:
3010:
2989:
2970:
2945:
2916:
2892:
2886:
2859:
2834:
2811:
2787:
2767:
2739:
2711:
2686:
2657:September 5,
2655:. Retrieved
2651:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2538:
2526:
2514:
2507:Persons 2011
2502:
2495:Telotte 2010
2490:
2483:Telotte 2010
2444:
2437:Telotte 2010
2420:Telotte 2010
2415:
2408:Telotte 2010
2403:
2391:
2375:
2364:Barrier 2003
2359:
2343:
2336:Telotte 2010
2317:Telotte 2010
2312:
2305:Theisen 1933
2300:
2288:
2257:
2241:
2210:
2203:Raiteri 2006
2194:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2076:
2047:
2035:
2019:
2003:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1912:
1900:
1873:
1844:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1697:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1569:
1514:John Ashbery
1509:
1504:". In 1991,
1497:
1492:
1487:
1475:
1467:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1435:
1428:
1418:
1406:
1395:Ray Bradbury
1388:
1382:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1326:
1286:Richard Eder
1279:
1271:
1269:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1228:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1185:
1167:
1156:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1113:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1083:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1042:
1036:
1024:
1003:
991:
989:
971:
949:
937:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
906:
902:
901:
897:ethnic humor
884:
882:
876:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:
834:
830:
826:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
803:Sammy Sneeze
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:
762:
760:
754:(1886), and
749:
739:
721:
711:
701:
691:
686:
682:
678:
676:
671:
665:
657:
649:
643:
635:
620:
616:
610:
597:
592:
590:
583:
579:
568:
564:
560:
556:
554:
547:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
493:
487:
466:
461:
456:and playful
452:
450:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
407:
387:
381:
369:of 1904–05.
345:
344:
330:
326:
324:
300:
294:
290:
286:
282:
276:
270:
262:
260:
255:
247:
243:
241:
236:
229:
223:
201:
196:
190:
186:
180:
174:
171:Winsor McCay
161:
160:
159:
150:
138:
126:
123:Publisher(s)
114:
109:
104:
99:
60:Winsor McCay
47:
29:
3665:Slumberland
3641:Adaptations
3606:Little Nemo
3578:Little Nemo
3194:October 16,
3097:. pp.
2669:Works cited
2619:Merkl 2007b
2607:Merkl 2007b
2579:Merkl 2007a
2567:Merkl 2007a
2555:Merkl 2007b
2543:Merkl 2007b
2531:Merkl 2007b
2266:Stofka 2008
2250:Stofka 2008
2234:Stofka 2008
2219:Merkl 2007b
2170:Merkl 2007b
2158:Merkl 2007b
2146:Merkl 2007b
2134:Merkl 2007b
2122:Merkl 2007b
2081:Harvey 1994
2069:Merkl 2007b
2052:Taylor 2007
2040:Merkl 2007b
2024:Merkl 2007b
1973:Taylor 2007
1961:Taylor 2007
1949:Merkl 2007b
1937:Taylor 2007
1921:Merkl 2007b
1905:Merkl 2007b
1849:Taylor 2007
1837:Heller 2007
1806:Merkl 2007b
1758:Merkl 2007b
1615:Merkl 2007b
1506:Rick Veitch
1450:Little Nemo
1427:'s take on
1379:Luis Buñuel
1368:Little Nemo
1360:Little Nemo
1294:Kickstarter
1099:second film
986:Other media
976:restoration
867:Collections
813:ran in the
791:Little Nemo
648:'s popular
646:Edward Lear
532:Drowsy Dick
516:Little Nemo
496:chalk talks
448:fantasies.
430:Little Nemo
418:Little Nemo
378:Little Nemo
361:(1902) and
339:unconscious
331:Little Nemo
239:at adults.
225:Little Nemo
220:hypocrisies
167:comic strip
152:Little Nemo
147:Followed by
135:Preceded by
88: 1925
66:Launch date
3763:Categories
3410:October 5,
3383:October 5,
3252:October 5,
3108:Newspapers
2631:Young 2000
2396:Eagan 2010
2380:Eagan 2010
2348:Eagan 2010
2215:Brady 2008
1643:Glenn 2007
1520:References
1502:Real Dream
1446:Carl Barks
1438:Frank King
1425:Tim Burton
1384:L'Age d'Or
964:microfilms
756:Mark Twain
627:Influences
567:, and the
510:). Before
500:vaudeville
475:Background
204:continuity
73:1904-09-10
3727:Animation
3699:Bob McCay
2199:Heer 2006
1917:Heer 2006
1689:161962480
1547:Heer 2006
1472:Tex Avery
1399:The Veldt
1390:King Kong
1298:colorized
1203:zeppelins
741:Quo Vadis
576:pseudonym
534:in 1902.
520:Daydreams
296:King Kong
56:Author(s)
3480:Archives
3306:June 25,
3300:Archived
3277:June 25,
3227:June 27,
3163:June 25,
3136:June 28,
3060:(2010).
3016:ABC-CLIO
2942:(1994).
2885:"Before
2765:(2005).
2737:(2012).
2684:(2003).
1381:'s film
1155:praised
1061:series:
933:strips.
744:(1896),
726:(1883),
716:(1904),
706:(1900),
660:(1901),
652:(1870),
309:Overview
302:Godzilla
81:End date
3739:Cartoon
3713:Portals
3692:Related
3473:at The
3437:July 4,
1397:story "
1214:The Pet
1198:The Pet
1192:" film.
1186:The Pet
1168:The Pet
958:of the
942:binding
498:on the
398:mustard
394:cayenne
287:The Pet
216:phobias
214:—their
212:psyches
71: (
50:episode
3751:Comics
3668:(film)
3660:(film)
3652:(film)
3633:(1918)
3625:(1914)
3617:(1912)
3609:(1911)
3581:(1905)
3573:(1904)
3565:(1904)
3465:Strips
3458:strips
3074:
3045:
3022:
2996:
2977:
2958:
2928:
2903:
2887:Willie
2872:
2845:
2822:
2794:
2775:
2751:
2723:
2698:
1687:
1420:Brazil
1343:Legacy
1276:Robert
1272:Selias
1231:(1921)
1170:(1921)
1116:(1921)
1068:(1912)
1027:(1906)
1006:(1906)
962:, and
879:(1905)
835:Herald
827:Herald
819:Herald
807:Herald
683:Herald
569:Herald
561:Herald
557:Herald
289:, and
197:Herald
3701:(son)
3598:Films
3494:Other
2674:Books
1685:S2CID
1312:Music
1265:Orion
946:scans
572:'
544:Freud
484:McCay
233:'
3673:Nemo
3439:2012
3412:2012
3385:2012
3358:2012
3337:2016
3308:2012
3279:2012
3267:AIGA
3254:2012
3229:2012
3196:2012
3165:2012
3138:2012
3072:ISBN
3043:ISBN
3020:ISBN
2994:ISBN
2975:ISBN
2956:ISBN
2926:ISBN
2901:ISBN
2870:ISBN
2843:ISBN
2820:ISBN
2792:ISBN
2773:ISBN
2749:ISBN
2721:ISBN
2696:ISBN
2659:2017
1304:and
998:Film
851:and
621:Nemo
619:and
538:and
522:and
514:and
506:and
438:Nemo
434:Nemo
396:and
299:and
248:Nemo
246:and
230:Nemo
3486:at
3482:of
3205:Web
1677:doi
1673:114
1417:'s
1413:in
1023:'s
748:'s
738:'s
730:'s
720:'s
710:'s
700:'s
664:'s
546:'s
390:ale
380:in
353:of
3765::
3423:.
3396:.
3369:.
3323:.
3298:.
3294:.
3265:.
3240:.
3180:.
3149:.
3122:.
3099:84
3093:.
3070:.
3066:.
3018:.
3014:.
2954:.
2950:.
2924:.
2920:.
2895:.
2868:.
2864:.
2841:.
2837:.
2814:.
2747:.
2743:.
2719:.
2715:.
2694:.
2690:.
2650:.
2593:;
2475:^
2456:^
2427:^
2324:^
2273:^
2264:;
2248:;
2226:^
2217:;
2201:;
2177:^
2088:^
2059:^
1980:^
1919:;
1885:^
1856:^
1825:^
1724:^
1709:^
1683:.
1671:.
1581:^
1554:^
1527:^
1490:.
1433:.
1370:.
1208:A
841:.
809:.
696:,
689:.
656:'
552:.
317:A
305:.
285:,
218:,
185:.
85:c.
3715::
3539:e
3532:t
3525:v
3441:.
3414:.
3387:.
3360:.
3339:.
3310:.
3292:"
3288:"
3281:.
3256:.
3231:.
3198:.
3178:"
3167:.
3140:.
3080:.
3051:.
3028:.
3002:.
2983:.
2964:.
2934:.
2909:.
2878:.
2851:.
2828:.
2800:.
2781:.
2757:.
2729:.
2704:.
2661:.
2633:.
2509:.
2268:.
2252:.
2236:.
2205:.
2100:.
1998:.
1868:.
1839:.
1719:.
1691:.
1679::
1645:.
1633:.
1549:.
909:(
490:.
384:.
75:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)