861:(HRT), positioned around 300 federal agents in Elijah. The operation needed to be kept secret, but doing so was not easy in the small community. However, the FBI and ATF agents took advantage of Pontiac being a common destination for anglers by pretending to be fishermen and registering at different motels near the various fishing destinations. On the morning of 19 April, they moved in and surrounded the CSA compound, putting some of their agents in fishing boats in an attempt to seal off the lakeside area of the compound. There they waited, until a few hours later when two guards emerged from the compound. They appeared to be unaware of the presence of the officers and walked towards a sniper hold-out until an officer yelled commands to return to the compound to the guards, with which the guards complied. Later, an unnamed individual emerged from the compound, talked to the federal agents and informed Ellison that the FBI agents were outside and willing to negotiate his surrender and the emptying of the compound. Ellison emerged later. FBI agents had expected that he would not go down without a firefight, but the FBI negotiators convinced him that the CSA would certainly lose if a firefight broke out. Interviewed on March 9, 1993, by KXAS-5 News, during the Waco standoff, Kerry Noble asserted that the CSA was expecting to be relieved by other far-right groups and acts of God. When neither manifested itself, the group's morale and its willingness to resist were severely affected. FBI negotiators convinced Ellison that they wanted peaceful cooperation, and he asked his spiritual adviser, assumed to be Millar, to come to the compound and instruct him. The individual was flown to the area and he seemed eager to convince Ellison to stand down. They allowed the individual to enter the compound, and the FBI instructed him to call in every 30 minutes and report on how the negotiations were going.
834:
arrested for killing an
African-American police officer. Snell was later tied to the killing of a gun store owner in 1981, obtaining and using the same gun, the serial number of which had been removed by the CSA armorer, Kent Yates. The killing of the gun store owner was part of a campaign of property theft that the CSA had waged in an attempt to recover the income which it lost when it constructed its training camps. Using its proximity to the state's border, the CSA hoped that it could conceal its activities by committing crimes in Missouri and crossing the border back into Arkansas. Yates was arrested on July 13, 1984 on an outstanding warrant out of
731:
patrols in an attempt to intimidate the local sheriff, who continuously delayed their eviction. The perimeter of the CSA's compound had 100, 200, and 300-yard (270 m) indicator plates nailed to trees to allow the defenders to adjust their sights accordingly to engage attackers. The central rallying point in the event of an attack was a concrete bunkhouse that housed communications radios next to the 95-foot (29 m) tower, which was constructed for defense. The perimeter of the compound had built-in bunkers for one to three men, and each bunker was numbered as a post and it was also assigned to individuals as an area of responsibility.
924:, who was convicted and executed for perpetrating the Oklahoma City bombing, had no association with the CSA and he had just enlisted in the U.S Army when the CSA's compound was besieged and the CSA was broken up. The Oklahoma City bombing occurred exactly on the 10th anniversary of the start of the siege of the CSA's compound in 1985. The most plausible link is the fact that Richard Wayne Snell, who was executed on the day of the Oklahoma City bombing, had planned to perpetrate a similar attack on the Murrah building in 1983 after he became upset with the
2024:
868:, who later successfully prosecuted Ellison and other leaders of the CSA, put on an FBI flak jacket and entered the compound to join the negotiations, leading to a peaceful conclusion to the armed stand-off. After several calls during which more time was requested, early on the morning of the fourth day of the siege, Arkansas State Police entered the compound and escorted the remaining members out without further bloodshed. Women and children had previously been evacuated to nearby motels.
455:
34:
815:, the Mountain Church, and The Order, all of which were white supremacist organizations that advocated the violent overthrow of the United States Government. Many of the members of these organizations were seen traveling in and out of the compound, and after a search of the compound was conducted, several stolen vehicles, including one which belonged to The Order, were recovered.
599:, and led by Butler, who was described as "the glue of the Aryan Nations movement in the Northwest, if not the country" by the supervisor of the Inland Northwest Joint Terrorism Task Force. Miles operated a prison ministry and published a newsletter. After Ellison was released from prison, he moved to Elohim City, where he married Millar's granddaughter.
943:, was foiled by a CSA member on the orders of Jim Ellison, unknown to Wayne Snell, who headed up the plan. During this event, Ellison saw a "sign from God", an event which he interpreted to mean that they should not carry out the attempt; he was referring to this attack, rather than his plan to attack the Oklahoma City Federal Building.
696:. In 1982, the military leader of the group, who ran its "End Time Overcomer Survival" training camps and used the name Randall Rader during his stay at the CSA's compound, left the group along with 30 of his followers in a rift with Ellison, following the latter's attempt to take a second wife, and he joined the newly forming group
877:
In an
Arkansas federal court, a seventh CSA member, Stephen Scott, pleaded guilty to charges that he dynamited a natural gas pipeline near Fulton, Arkansas in 1983, and as a result, he was also sent to prison. Ex-CSA member Kent Yates also pleaded guilty to a charge of conspiring to make and transfer automatic weapons silencers.
833:
In 1983, the CSA declared war on the US government. However, most of its attacks were on civilian targets, starting with a failed arson attempt on the
Springfield Metropolitan Community Church. Soon afterward, things began to go downhill for the organization when Richard Snell, an alleged member, was
546:
In April 1985, federal and state law enforcement officials who had been investigating the CSA for weapons violations and terrorist acts carried out a three-day siege of their compound. Following a peaceful resolution, officers arrested and later convicted the CSA's top leaders, eventually causing the
876:
In federal court, Ellison and most of the CSA's leaders were charged with illegal weapons possession and racketeering. In
September 1985, Ellison, Kerry Noble, and four other CSA members (Gary Stone, Timothy Russell, Rudy Loewen, and David Giles) were sentenced to serve lengthy federal prison terms.
845:
After the incident with Snell, the FBI began to seek ways to infiltrate the CSA's compound and stop the organization. Under
Arkansas state law, its agents obtained warrants to arrest Ellison, the leader of the CSA, for multiple firearms violations. Later, the FBI claimed that at all times, it had an
730:
in 1976. In 1983, financially suffering, especially after
Randall Rader's defection to the Order, the CSA stopped making payments on the mortgage, and on December 20, the bank foreclosed, selling the property back to the Campus Crusade. However, the group squatted on the land, mounting regular armed
928:. Additionally, Snell was heard taunting jailers when he stated that something drastic would happen on the day of his execution. However, McVeigh stated that he chose the date of 19 April because he wanted to perpetrate the Oklahoma City bombing on the second anniversary of the violent end of the
908:
was tied to the "New Day" teachings of Elohim City. However, no proof of such a connection has been established. Elohim City was assembled to gather "prophets of the New Day". Elohim City's Leader Robert G. Millar envisioned himself to be the "Shepherd of
Shepherds" who was traveling to numerous
807:
to
Chicago. This terrorist attack was attempted as part of the group's A.T.T.A.C.K. operations. According to Kerry Noble, the group predicted that this terrorist attack would result in riots due to the fact that it would be perpetrated during the winter. However, the trio was unsuccessful in its
917:
on several occasions, but contrary to reports, the members of the
Padanaram Settlement did not concur with the radical callings of either Millar or Ellison, who made two appearances there. "The Valley" was and still is more known for being a cultural hub for artists and philosophers, and until
602:
The CSA community's
Council of Elders was influenced and mentored by many outside sources. The nine-man council deliberated on the spiritual meaning and the direction of CSA activities. Jim Ellison, Kerry Noble, and William Wade were the only known members of the council.
753:
weapon (either capable of firing single shots or fully automatic). The members of the Elite "A" Team wore black clothing and they possessed some fairly sophisticated weapons, such as .22 caliber Ruger target pistols which were fitted with integral silencers, and several
784:. Here, the group trained an estimated 1,500 like-minded Christian Identity adherents in combat techniques and paramilitary exercises. The facility was festooned with targets which crudely caricatured Blacks, Jews, and police officers who wore the
2007:
713:
CSA assassins monitored the homes of their targets, practiced mock assassinations of these targets with scoped rifles, and practiced attacks in a mock residential training facility which was known as Silhouette City. The 224-acre property on
791:
The CSA and its paramilitary arm taught basic pistol and rifle use as well as personal home defense, rural and urban warfare, weapons proficiency, general military fieldcraft, Christian martial arts, and natural wilderness survival.
966:'s home (called 'The Bunker', due to the fact that it was constructed with concrete which was covered with earth). Ellison revered Kahl as a hero. Like McVeigh, Kahl was a decorated American soldier; Kahl earned a Silver Star in
1015:
featured an episode whose topic was the CSA. The episode reveals the details of the federal investigation into the group, the 1985 siege, and the aftermath of it. The episode originally aired on 10 December 2002.
700:
in Idaho. The CSA initially professed that the United States government would dissolve due to its corruption, whereas The Order advocated revolution. However, in July 1983, The CSA published a manifesto called
587:. Both extreme right-wing leaders taught and practiced the theology of Christian Identity, a belief system which is included on the FBI's watch list of extremist religions. Ellison had close ties to the
884:
and weapons charges. However, in 1987, Ellison was released after he agreed to testify against the leader and six senior members of Aryan Nations. All seven men were arrested and indicted on charges of
758:
submachineguns in both 9 mm and .45 ACP, also with attached suppressors. These men trained in the covert aspects of military action and they were required to be the core of the defense initiative.
788:
in-lieu of badges. After they completed their training, newly trained militants would leave and join militia groups which were similar to the CSA or they would found their own militia groups.
2074:
1698:
2069:
892:
Richard Wayne Snell, the man who shot and killed the police officer and a pawn shop owner, was sentenced to death by lethal injection. He was executed on April 19, 1995, the day of the
781:
1666:
1056:
2084:
1034:
1078:
796:
611:
In June 1982, the CSA had an estimated 90 to 120 members, consisting of men, women, and children. In April 1984, the number of members had been reduced to less than 70.
1122:
749:
Model 91 rifle in .308 caliber. These rifles had been modified via a technique that the organization sold to "brother groups," converting the rifles to an illegal
20:
769:, one live light antitank rocket, 94 long guns, 30 handguns, 35 sawed-off shotguns, and machine guns, one heavy machine gun, and a quantity of C-4 explosives.
2044:
1520:
482:
1372:
881:
1708:
1155:
963:
1811:
995:
442:
909:
alternative societies, many of which were and are still communes. His ambition was to unite these underground organizations. He appeared at the
1452:
1404:
2089:
889:. The jury found all of the defendants not guilty on all of the charges. Upon his release from federal prison, Ellison moved to Elohim City.
1512:
1549:
1307:
Pre-Incident Indicators of Terrorist Incidents: The Identification of Behavioral, Geographic and Temporal Patterns of Preparatory Conduct
1274:
947:
1824:
2059:
1881:
1676:
1513:"Department of Justice Report on Internal Review Regarding the Ruby Ridge Hostage Situation and Shooting by Law Enforcement Personnel"
1064:
2099:
2039:
762:
475:
1012:
2094:
2079:
1225:
407:
236:
1428:
1082:
1640:
1597:
1096:
1339:
954:, the federal prosecutor; and the federal judge who presided over the affair that brought about the eventual action against
1132:
216:
777:
697:
468:
241:
139:
1921:
1782:
1200:"Federal Bureau of Investigation documents, Subject: The Covenant, the Sword, the Arm of the Lord, File: 100-HQ-487200"
289:
1199:
1161:
1971:
1744:
1315:
1169:
905:
556:
299:
2002:
1671:
819:
676:
became a community for its members. There it trained its members in paramilitary operations. The group believed in
437:
256:
2104:
2049:
1667:"Contemporary Cults and Religious Movements in North America: The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord"
1382:
959:
246:
186:
1831:
206:
2054:
693:
580:
458:
226:
181:
159:
1703:
1234:
742:
109:
1807:
1589:
799:, Richard Wayne Snell and Steven Scott attempted to dynamite a natural gas pipeline that crossed the
727:
509:
39:
1462:
1414:
925:
251:
231:
201:
43:
2008:
List of incidents attributed to the Covenant, Sword and the Arm of the Lord on the START database
983:
719:
1835:
1524:
842:. Later, he was also charged and convicted of manufacturing and modifying weapons for the CSA.
839:
823:
800:
516:
and was active in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s. The CSA developed from a
397:
1734:
1626:
1481:
1768:
940:
893:
344:
196:
1889:
1097:"Mountain Church of Jesus Christ the Savior (Cohoctah, Mich.) [WorldCat Identities]"
772:
Within "Silhouette City", the CSA also ran a boot camp-style program which was known as the
1260:
910:
568:
369:
2023:
939:
In fact, the single incident in which the CSA was involved, the robbery of a pawn shop in
8:
932:. McVeigh had traveled to Waco during the 51-day siege, and he cited it and the siege at
858:
633:
314:
261:
1042:
726:
that the CSA operated from until its collapse in 1985 was purchased by Ellison from the
1913:
592:
513:
503:
432:
412:
349:
339:
324:
167:
75:
1557:
1282:
1238:
880:
Ellison received the maximum sentence of 20 years in prison after he was convicted on
2018:
1997:
1967:
1917:
1903:
1778:
1740:
1636:
1593:
1311:
1165:
1127:
1002:
812:
746:
745:, the squads were set up in four-man fire teams. One man in each fire team carried a
685:
536:
525:
392:
294:
71:
1663:
1553:
1278:
990:
and talked about his time with the group. He was also interviewed on an episode of
715:
560:
284:
211:
1100:
1957:
1907:
1583:
1457:
1409:
1349:
1344:
1305:
921:
677:
614:
Other known members of The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord include:
576:
539:
and it was rechristened the CSA. The group operated a large compound in northern
364:
359:
354:
279:
2064:
951:
936:
in 1992 as the events which primarily motivated him to perpetrate the bombing.
865:
804:
750:
738:
673:
2033:
1963:
1377:
1007:
785:
735:
572:
374:
191:
143:
93:
703:
A.T.T.A.C.K. (Aryan Tactical Treaty for the Advancement of Christ's Kingdom)
19:
This article is about the organization. For the Cabaret Voltaire album, see
1486:
967:
854:
On 16 April 1985, the FBI obtained a warrant to search the CSA's compound.
681:
588:
427:
402:
334:
319:
309:
304:
1699:"Armed members of a paramilitary religious cult patrolled a secluded camp"
1953:
1730:
1509:
955:
669:
564:
506:
417:
329:
147:
79:
2012:
1863:
998:
in Canada and during the interview, he discussed his time with the CSA.
1949:
933:
929:
835:
827:
766:
1959:
American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh & the Tragedy at Oklahoma City
830:
devices and survival techniques in return for weapons and ammunition.
672:
was imminent, and a 224-acre compound in Elijah that it acquired from
1774:
1227:
Crimes Committed by Terrorist Groups: Theory, Research and Prevention
946:
The death knell of the CSA was its attempt to kill FBI special agent
533:
1770:
Understanding Apocalyptic Terrorism: Countering the Radical Mindset
1632:
971:
886:
723:
584:
540:
529:
517:
422:
33:
904:
There are several claims which state that the 1995 bombing of the
857:
Beginning on 19 April 1985, the FBI and the ATF, led by the FBI's
1909:
The Making of a Terrorist: Recruitment, Training, and Root Causes
914:
16:
American far-right militant group active during the 1970s and 80s
811:
The CSA had links to other radical organizations, including the
1628:
Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History
1340:"The Oklahoma City Bombing Trial: Sources: Bombing was revenge"
1057:"The leader of the Covenant, the Sword and the Arm of the Lord"
755:
579:, founder of the Mountain Church of Jesus Christ the Savior in
2075:
White-supremacist organized crime groups in the United States
899:
596:
2070:
Organizations based in North America designated as terrorist
1998:
FBI file on the Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord
950:, the lead agent who was assigned to investigate the group;
684:. Like other prominent anti-Semitic groups that believed in
563:
became one of Ellison's spiritual advisers and also founded
559:. He was jailed in federal prison along with Kerry Noble.
1429:"Report: Oklahoma blast, execution linked - UPI Archives"
21:
The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord (album)
1585:
Tabernacle of Hate: Seduction into Right-Wing Extremism
1035:"The "Covenant, Sword, and Arm of the Lord""
27:
The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord (CSA)
2085:
Right-wing militia organizations in the United States
765:(ATF) later determined that the CSA had obtained 155
1550:"FBI Says Suspect Operated Neo-Nazi Training Camp"
1275:"White Supremacist Group Leader Arrested At Camp"
818:According to a report which was published by the
2031:
1521:University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law
1157:Terrorism in America: Pipe Bombs and Pipe Dreams
970:, and McVeigh earned a Bronze Star in the first
496:The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord
222:The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord
1123:"Aryan Nations fading from view in North Idaho"
1948:
532:. Over time, Zarephath-Horeb evolved into an
476:
1858:
1856:
2045:1985 disestablishments in the United States
774:End Time Overcomer Survival Training School
2022:
900:Possible ties to the Oklahoma City bombing
483:
469:
1853:
1620:
1618:
1616:
688:, it called the United States government
1803:
1801:
1766:
1577:
1575:
1544:
1542:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1370:
1337:
1032:
763:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
705:, which declared war on the government.
1373:"Survivalist to Testify About Stabbing"
237:National Emancipation of our White Seed
2032:
1902:
1825:"Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs USA Overview"
1625:Atkins, Stephen (September 13, 2011).
1624:
1613:
1254:
1033:Froelich, Jacqueline (18 March 2015).
958:, a tax protester and a member of the
2003:Entry in the Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1944:
1942:
1940:
1798:
1729:
1581:
1572:
1539:
1469:
1303:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1153:
982:In 2013, Kerry Noble appeared on the
918:roughly 2003, it operated a sawmill.
2090:Armed standoffs in the United States
1870:. Season 6. Episode 8. June 9, 2004.
1397:
1223:
627:Mitchell L. Rolston (alleged member)
46:, which can be seen on CSA uniforms.
1707:. September 4, 1984. Archived from
1662:
1257:Behind the Doors of White Supremacy
741:rifle. As in the early days of the
13:
2014:The FBI Files: Brotherhood of Hate
1937:
1508:
1185:
962:, by federal agents at CSA member
826:provided the CSA with training in
14:
2116:
2060:Christian new religious movements
1991:
1482:"Joplin Globe Newspaper Archives"
1338:Pankratz, Howard (May 12, 1996).
1131:. August 29, 2005. Archived from
906:Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building
808:attempt to carry out the attack.
776:– a school which was attended by
2100:Survivalism in the United States
1672:Virginia Commonwealth University
1371:Robinson, Ray (April 27, 1985).
1310:. Diane Publishing. p. 22.
820:California Department of Justice
543:which was known as "the Farm".
522:Zarephath-Horeb Community Church
454:
453:
257:Universal Church of God (Yahweh)
217:Church of Jesus Christ–Christian
32:
2040:1971 establishments in Missouri
1896:
1874:
1817:
1760:
1723:
1691:
1656:
1556:. April 9, 1985. Archived from
1502:
1445:
1421:
1364:
1331:
1297:
1267:
734:The line infantryman carried a
656:Ardie McBrearty (former member)
524:, which was founded in 1971 in
2095:Christian conspiracy theorists
2080:Terrorism in the United States
1281:. May 31, 1985. Archived from
1248:
1217:
1147:
1115:
1089:
1071:
1049:
1026:
650:Frank Kumnick (alleged member)
187:Assembly of Christian Soldiers
127:In Charge of Internal Security
1:
1832:National Institute of Justice
1767:Flannery, Frances L. (2016).
1736:Faces of Right Wing Extremism
1631:. Santa Barbara, California:
1490:. August 13, 1985. p. 17
1255:Keenan, Catlyn Kenna (2014).
1019:
708:
653:Randall Rader (former member)
550:
443:Zionist Occupation Government
207:Christian Nationalist Crusade
591:and Aryan Nations, based in
7:
1886:The Portal to Texas History
994:which was broadcast on the
838:for firearms violations in
694:Zionist Occupied Government
555:The founder of the CSA was
227:Kingdom Identity Ministries
182:11th Hour Remnant Messenger
10:
2121:
1704:United Press International
1235:U.S. Department of Justice
1079:"Encyclopedia of Arkansas"
871:
743:United States Marine Corps
663:
606:
567:. Ellison was mentored by
547:organization to dissolve.
18:
1933:– via Google Books.
1808:Global Terrorism Database
1794:– via Google Books.
1756:– via Google Books.
1590:Syracuse University Press
1327:– via Google Books.
1181:– via Google Books.
846:"inside man" in the CSA.
728:Campus Crusade for Christ
135:
125:
115:
103:
85:
67:
59:
51:
31:
1882:"News Clip: Former Cult"
1304:Smith, Brent L. (2011).
1154:Smith, Brent L. (1994).
977:
926:Internal Revenue Service
849:
232:LaPorte Church of Christ
202:Christian Defense League
44:shoulder sleeve insignia
984:Investigation Discovery
510:anti-government militia
1888:. 1993. Archived from
1224:Hamm, Mark S. (2005).
824:Pagans Motorcycle Club
668:The CSA believed that
659:Andrew "Andy" Barnhill
621:Steven (Stephen) Scott
398:Curse and mark of Cain
38:The group adopted the
2105:Neo-fascist terrorism
2050:American bank robbers
1864:"Brotherhood of Hate"
1582:Noble, Kerry (2010).
1067:on December 22, 2018.
988:Dangerous Persuasions
941:Springfield, Missouri
894:Oklahoma City bombing
795:In 1983, CSA members
641:Timothy Wayne Russell
624:William "Bill" Thomas
252:The Shepherd's Chapel
197:Aryan Republican Army
1261:University of Denver
911:Padanaram Settlement
882:federal racketeering
803:on its way from the
569:Richard Girnt Butler
370:Gerald Burton Winrod
110:James Dennis Ellison
1904:Forest, James J. F.
1841:on November 4, 2022
1103:on January 23, 2023
859:Hostage Rescue Team
634:Richard Wayne Snell
315:William Potter Gale
274:Notable individuals
262:White Patriot Party
28:
2055:Christian Identity
1914:Praeger Publishing
1417:on August 5, 2021.
1385:on August 13, 2019
1244:on April 21, 2023.
747:Heckler & Koch
686:antisemitic tropes
520:congregation, the
514:Christian Identity
433:Two House theology
413:Phineas Priesthood
350:Gerald L. K. Smith
340:Willie Ray Lampley
325:Frederick Haberman
168:Christian Identity
76:Christian Identity
26:
1892:on April 8, 2023.
1739:. Branden Books.
1664:Bromley, David G.
1642:978-1-59884-350-7
1599:978-0-8156-3248-1
1128:The Seattle Times
1085:on April 6, 2023.
1045:on April 7, 2023.
1003:Discovery Channel
813:Aryan Brotherhood
493:
492:
408:Khazar hypothesis
393:British Israelism
295:Bertrand Comparet
153:
152:
121:Kerry Wayne Noble
117:Second-in-command
72:White nationalism
2112:
2026:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1946:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1868:The F.B.I. Files
1860:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1834:. Archived from
1829:
1821:
1815:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1711:on June 21, 2020
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1679:on April 6, 2023
1675:. Archived from
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1622:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1560:on April 8, 2023
1554:Associated Press
1546:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1527:on April 6, 2023
1523:. Archived from
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1478:
1467:
1466:
1465:on May 18, 2021.
1461:. Archived from
1453:"Arthur Russell"
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1413:. Archived from
1405:"Leonard Ginter"
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1381:. Archived from
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1352:on April 7, 2023
1348:. Archived from
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1285:on April 6, 2023
1279:Associated Press
1271:
1265:
1264:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1237:. Archived from
1232:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1196:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1135:on April 6, 2023
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1099:. Archived from
1093:
1087:
1086:
1081:. Archived from
1075:
1069:
1068:
1063:. Archived from
1053:
1047:
1046:
1041:. Archived from
1030:
974:– Desert Storm.
716:Bull Shoals Lake
561:Robert G. Millar
512:which advocated
485:
478:
471:
457:
456:
345:Robert G. Millar
285:San Jacinto Capt
212:Church of Israel
155:
154:
96:
36:
29:
25:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2030:
2029:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1947:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1916:. p. 297.
1901:
1897:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1806:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1623:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1580:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1510:Linder, Doug O.
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1470:
1458:History Commons
1451:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1410:History Commons
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1345:The Denver Post
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1031:
1027:
1022:
980:
960:Posse Comitatus
922:Timothy McVeigh
902:
874:
852:
711:
678:white supremacy
666:
609:
577:Robert E. Miles
553:
489:
448:
447:
388:
380:
379:
365:James Wickstrom
360:James K. Warner
280:E. Raymond Capt
275:
267:
266:
247:Posse Comitatus
177:
128:
118:
106:
99:
92:
78:
74:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2028:
2027:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1992:External links
1990:
1987:
1986:
1972:
1936:
1923:978-0275985448
1922:
1895:
1873:
1852:
1816:
1797:
1784:978-1138779549
1783:
1759:
1745:
1722:
1690:
1655:
1641:
1612:
1598:
1571:
1538:
1501:
1468:
1444:
1420:
1396:
1363:
1330:
1316:
1296:
1266:
1247:
1216:
1184:
1170:
1146:
1114:
1088:
1070:
1048:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1018:
979:
976:
964:Leonard Ginter
952:Asa Hutchinson
913:, in southern
901:
898:
873:
870:
866:Asa Hutchinson
864:U.S. Attorney
851:
848:
805:Gulf of Mexico
797:William Thomas
751:selective fire
739:.223 Remington
710:
707:
674:Campus Crusade
665:
662:
661:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
638:Arthur Russell
636:
631:
630:Leonard Ginter
628:
625:
622:
619:
608:
605:
552:
549:
537:militant group
491:
490:
488:
487:
480:
473:
465:
462:
461:
450:
449:
446:
445:
440:
438:White genocide
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
290:Richard Butler
287:
282:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
164:
163:
151:
150:
137:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
107:
104:
101:
100:
98:
97:
89:
87:
83:
82:
69:
65:
64:
63:April 19, 1985
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2117:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1975:
1973:0-06-039407-2
1969:
1965:
1964:HarperCollins
1961:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1763:
1748:
1746:9780828320160
1742:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1576:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:Famous Trials
1514:
1511:
1505:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1378:The Oklahoman
1374:
1367:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1319:
1317:9781437930610
1313:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1173:
1171:0-7914-1760-3
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:The FBI Files
1005:crime series
1004:
999:
997:
996:Slice Network
993:
989:
985:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
942:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
916:
912:
907:
897:
895:
890:
888:
883:
878:
869:
867:
862:
860:
855:
847:
843:
841:
837:
831:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
809:
806:
802:
798:
793:
789:
787:
786:Star of David
783:
782:Randall Rader
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
759:
757:
752:
748:
744:
740:
737:
736:Ruger Mini-14
732:
729:
725:
721:
720:Marion County
717:
706:
704:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:and was also
679:
675:
671:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
618:James Rolston
617:
616:
615:
612:
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:Aryan Nations
571:, founder of
570:
566:
562:
558:
557:James Ellison
548:
544:
542:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
508:
505:
501:
497:
486:
481:
479:
474:
472:
467:
466:
464:
463:
460:
452:
451:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
384:
383:
376:
375:Gordon Winrod
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
300:James Ellison
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
271:
270:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
192:Aryan Nations
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
176:Organizations
173:
172:
169:
166:
165:
161:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:Aryan Nations
141:
138:
134:
130:
124:
120:
114:
111:
108:
102:
95:
94:United States
91:
90:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
41:
35:
30:
22:
2013:
1977:. Retrieved
1958:
1954:Herbeck, Dan
1927:. Retrieved
1908:
1898:
1890:the original
1885:
1876:
1867:
1843:. Retrieved
1836:the original
1819:
1788:. Retrieved
1769:
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1735:
1731:Marks, Kathy
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1702:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:the original
1670:
1658:
1648:February 22,
1646:. Retrieved
1627:
1603:. Retrieved
1584:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:the original
1529:. Retrieved
1525:the original
1516:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1487:Joplin Globe
1485:
1463:the original
1456:
1447:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1415:the original
1408:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1383:the original
1376:
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:the original
1343:
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1306:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:the original
1269:
1256:
1250:
1239:the original
1226:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:
1175:. Retrieved
1156:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:the original
1126:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:the original
1091:
1083:the original
1073:
1065:the original
1060:
1051:
1043:the original
1039:www.kuaf.com
1038:
1028:
1013:sixth season
1006:
1000:
991:
987:
981:
968:World War II
945:
938:
920:
903:
891:
879:
875:
863:
856:
853:
844:
832:
817:
810:
794:
790:
773:
771:
760:
733:
712:
702:
692:, short for
689:
682:anti-Semitic
667:
613:
610:
601:
589:Ku Klux Klan
554:
545:
521:
499:
495:
494:
428:Serpent seed
403:Curse of Ham
355:Wesley Swift
335:August Kreis
320:Kenneth Goff
310:Conrad Gaard
305:Sheldon Emry
221:
136:Affiliations
1950:Michel, Lou
992:Brainwashed
956:Gordon Kahl
767:Krugerrands
647:David Giles
644:Rudy Loewen
593:Hayden Lake
565:Elohim City
507:survivalist
418:Pre-Adamism
330:Gordon Kahl
148:Elohim City
80:Survivalism
2034:Categories
1438:2024-01-19
1162:SUNY Press
1020:References
934:Ruby Ridge
930:Waco siege
840:Farmington
836:New Mexico
828:booby trap
709:Operations
551:Leadership
131:Kent Yates
1979:April 27,
1845:April 28,
1790:April 27,
1775:Routledge
1752:April 27,
1715:April 27,
1683:April 28,
1605:March 17,
1564:April 26,
1531:April 28,
1494:April 27,
1389:April 26,
1356:April 26,
1289:April 26,
1209:March 18,
1204:FBI Vault
1177:April 26,
1139:April 19,
948:Jack Knox
801:Red River
698:The Order
534:extremist
504:far-right
242:The Order
140:The Order
60:Dissolved
52:Formation
1956:(2002).
1906:(2005).
1733:(1996).
1633:ABC-Clio
1107:17 March
972:Gulf War
887:sedition
724:Arkansas
670:doomsday
585:Michigan
581:Cohoctah
541:Arkansas
530:Missouri
502:) was a
459:Category
423:Race war
387:Concepts
160:a series
158:Part of
86:Location
1812:Archive
1323:May 24,
915:Indiana
872:Charges
780:member
664:Purpose
607:Members
526:Pontiac
518:Baptist
2021:
1970:
1929:May 2,
1920:
1781:
1743:
1639:
1596:
1314:
1168:
822:, the
756:MAC-10
575:, and
105:Leader
40:USAEUR
2065:Cults
1839:(PDF)
1828:(PDF)
1242:(PDF)
1231:(PDF)
986:show
978:Media
850:Siege
778:Order
597:Idaho
2019:IMDb
1981:2021
1968:ISBN
1931:2021
1918:ISBN
1847:2021
1792:2021
1779:ISBN
1754:2021
1741:ISBN
1717:2021
1685:2021
1650:2021
1637:ISBN
1607:2021
1594:ISBN
1566:2021
1533:2021
1496:2021
1391:2021
1358:2021
1325:2021
1312:ISBN
1291:2021
1211:2021
1179:2021
1166:ISBN
1141:2021
1109:2023
1001:The
761:The
68:Type
55:1971
2017:at
1433:UPI
1061:UPI
718:in
690:ZOG
500:CSA
42:'s
2036::
1966:.
1962:.
1952:;
1939:^
1912:.
1884:.
1866:.
1855:^
1830:.
1800:^
1777:.
1773:.
1701:.
1669:.
1635:.
1615:^
1592:.
1588:.
1574:^
1552:.
1541:^
1519:.
1515:.
1484:.
1471:^
1455:.
1431:.
1407:.
1375:.
1342:.
1277:.
1259:.
1233:.
1202:.
1187:^
1164:.
1160:.
1125:.
1059:.
1037:.
896:.
722:,
595:,
583:,
528:,
162:on
146:,
142:,
1983:.
1849:.
1814:)
1810:(
1719:.
1687:.
1652:.
1609:.
1568:.
1535:.
1498:.
1441:.
1393:.
1360:.
1293:.
1263:.
1213:.
1143:.
1111:.
1010:'
498:(
484:e
477:t
470:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
