241:
144:
37:
2212:
698:"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to various food(s)/food constituent(s) and protection of cells from premature aging, antioxidant activity, antioxidant content and antioxidant properties, and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061"
321:
are under preliminary research, as of 2020, but there is no evidence that flavonoids have antioxidant activity in vivo, or affect physical health or diseases. Tea has one of the highest contents of flavonoids among common food and beverage products.
468:"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (tea), including catechins in green tea, and improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation (ID 1106, 1310), maintenance of normal blood pressure"
172:
Catechins constitute about 25% of the dry mass of a fresh tea leaf, although total catechin content varies widely depending on species, clonal variation, growing location, season, light variation, and altitude. They are present in nearly all
594:
Del Rio, Daniele; Stewart, Amanda J.; Mullen, William; Burns, Jennifer; Lean, Michael E. J.; Brighenti, Furio; Crozier, Alan (2004). "HPLC-MSnAnalysis of
Phenolic Compounds and Purine Alkaloids in Green and Black Tea".
264:
with increasing degrees of oxidation of tea leaves. Theaflavins contribute to the bitterness and astringency of black tea. The mean amount of theaflavins in a cup of black tea (200 ml) is 12.18 mg.
747:
Chung, Mei; Zhao, Naisi; Wang, Deena; Shams-White, Marissa; Karlsen, Micaela; Cassidy, AedĂn; Ferruzzi, Mario; Jacques, Paul F.; Johnson, Elizabeth J.; Wallace, Taylor C. (19 February 2020).
326:
are the largest type of flavonoids in growing tea leaves. According to a report released by USDA, in a 200-ml cup of tea, the mean total content of flavonoids is 266.68 mg for
749:"Dose–Response Relation between Tea Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies"
499:
Pietta, P. G.; Simonetti, P.; Gardana, C.; Brusamolino, A.; Morazzoni, P.; Bombardelli, E. (1998). "Catechin metabolites after intake of green tea infusions".
695:
545:
Peterson, J.; Dwyer, J.; Bhagwat, S.; Haytowitz, D.; Holden, J.; Eldridge, A.L.; Beecher, G.; Aladesanmi, J. (2005). "Major flavonoids in dry tea".
268:
Three main types of theaflavins are found in black tea, namely theaflavin (TF-1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF-2), and theaflavin-3,3-digallate (TF-3).
729:
441:
Balentine DA, Harbowy ME, Graham HN (1998). "Tea: the Plant and its
Manufacture; Chemistry and Consumption of the Beverage". In Spiller GA (ed.).
165:(EGCG), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECg), epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin, and gallocatechin (GC). The content of EGCG is higher in
1722:
733:
630:
Crozier, Alan; Jaganath, Indu B.; Clifford, Michael N. (2009). "Dietary phenolics: Chemistry, bioavailability and effects on health".
31:
696:
EFSA Panel on
Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA)2, 3 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy (2010).
450:
428:
879:
1778:
2133:
206:
could not be shown for a link between tea catechins and the maintenance of normal blood LDL-cholesterol concentration.
217:
584:
U.S. Department of
Agriculture, USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, Release 2.1, January 2007
221:
815:
199:
17:
675:
1939:
1758:
342:
A 2020 review found low- to moderate-quality evidence that daily tea consumption might lower the risk for
1773:
1740:
465:
1289:
162:
155:
1387:
1356:
1345:
284:
213:
644:
1884:
1768:
360:
292:
104:
2128:
1763:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1580:
1462:
1105:
1735:
1630:
639:
343:
1949:
1849:
1717:
1635:
1620:
1600:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1320:
1310:
723:
355:
209:
2094:
1710:
1610:
1570:
8:
1625:
1615:
1590:
1484:
1314:
1246:
1170:
112:
2117:
1730:
1605:
1180:
808:
775:
748:
524:
405:
380:
2110:
2103:
1340:
1130:
997:
899:
829:
780:
657:
612:
516:
446:
410:
179:
73:
528:
240:
1919:
1914:
1685:
1377:
1330:
1032:
1007:
962:
770:
760:
709:
649:
604:
562:
554:
508:
479:
400:
392:
108:
466:
EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on
Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies) (2011).
1981:
1934:
1350:
1303:
1241:
987:
972:
904:
396:
312:
248:
infusion: Finer black tea has a more orange tone than red as a result of higher
2163:
1808:
1695:
1690:
1649:
1523:
1422:
1218:
1125:
957:
939:
889:
842:
765:
558:
143:
2230:
1798:
1544:
1417:
1412:
1299:
1256:
1110:
1042:
982:
801:
714:
697:
484:
467:
512:
2236:
2215:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2153:
2082:
2052:
1986:
1457:
1264:
1213:
1195:
1160:
1065:
1012:
1002:
967:
784:
661:
616:
414:
793:
520:
36:
1991:
1872:
1702:
1432:
1397:
1335:
1325:
1223:
1175:
1140:
992:
977:
919:
288:
261:
116:
45:
2168:
2145:
1924:
1909:
1889:
1512:
1467:
1447:
1407:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1233:
1190:
1145:
1095:
1075:
1047:
1022:
924:
909:
300:
280:
257:
249:
225:
124:
93:
85:
65:
1120:
608:
566:
2158:
2037:
2032:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1976:
1813:
1530:
1452:
1205:
1100:
1085:
1057:
1037:
1017:
869:
861:
653:
331:
327:
323:
318:
245:
229:
203:
188:
184:
166:
147:
132:
128:
100:
81:
77:
41:
2006:
1971:
1956:
1944:
1877:
1867:
1862:
1833:
1823:
1818:
1803:
1517:
1279:
1090:
1027:
934:
894:
874:
678:. Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016
151:
120:
2193:
2072:
2047:
2027:
1966:
1828:
1472:
1155:
1150:
1115:
498:
89:
61:
2183:
2089:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2042:
1961:
1929:
1537:
1274:
1269:
1185:
1165:
1080:
1070:
949:
929:
914:
884:
296:
276:
192:
1135:
544:
1551:
824:
593:
174:
69:
746:
256:
Catechin monomer structures are metabolized into dimers
629:
440:
429:
427:Thermo Scientific (Dionex) Application Note 275.
283:, bitter polyphenolic compounds that bind to and
2228:
291:conjugates all of the catechins, such as EGCG (
809:
68:, natural plant compounds which are found in
728:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
823:
378:
816:
802:
732:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
597:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
540:
538:
2144:
1751:
774:
764:
713:
643:
483:
404:
32:Health effects of phenols and polyphenols
547:Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
239:
150:UV 280 nm chromatogram. Highest peak is
142:
35:
535:
372:
224:(vanillic acid) are the main catechins
14:
2229:
580:
578:
576:
797:
445:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 35.
228:found in humans after consumption of
689:
459:
668:
573:
381:"Tea and health: studies in humans"
80:of tea. Polyphenols in tea include
24:
2134:Tea Research and Extension Station
25:
2248:
218:3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-hippuric acid
103:include, but are not limited to,
2211:
2210:
1448:Afternoon/High tea/Evening meal
740:
222:3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid
105:epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
623:
587:
492:
434:
421:
235:
200:European Food Safety Authority
13:
1:
385:Current Pharmaceutical Design
366:
306:
204:cause and effect relationship
135:are also found in green tea.
138:
7:
397:10.2174/1381612811319340008
349:
337:
40:Most of the polyphenols in
10:
2253:
559:10.1016/j.jfca.2004.05.006
431:. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
379:Khan N, Mukhtar H (2013).
313:Polyphenol § Research
310:
271:
163:epigallocatechin-3-gallate
29:
2206:
2020:
1900:
1842:
1791:
1676:
1648:
1563:
1505:
1440:
1431:
1370:
1357:Strobilanthes tonkinensis
1288:
1255:
1232:
1204:
1056:
948:
860:
851:
838:
330:, and 233.12 mg for
214:3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
2099:Teas of related species
1940:Hong Kong–style milk tea
1885:Epigallocatechin gallate
766:10.1093/advances/nmaa010
715:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1489
485:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2055
361:Phenolic content in wine
293:Epigallocatechin gallate
2129:Lipton Institute of Tea
1463:East Asian tea ceremony
632:Natural Product Reports
513:10.1002/biof.5520080119
216:(protocatechuic acid),
198:A 2011 analysis by the
58:phenolic content in tea
27:Natural plant compounds
1723:Consumption by country
344:cardiovascular disease
253:
158:
76:affect the flavor and
53:
1321:English afternoon tea
753:Advances in Nutrition
387:(Literature Review).
356:Health effects of tea
243:
210:4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
146:
99:Polyphenols found in
39:
2095:List of Chinese teas
154:, second highest is
1518:Teahouse or tearoom
287:organic compounds.
113:epicatechin gallate
2118:Camellia taliensis
254:
161:Catechins include
159:
74:chemical compounds
54:
2224:
2223:
2202:
2201:
2111:Camellia sasanqua
2104:Camellia japonica
1787:
1786:
1644:
1643:
1366:
1365:
1341:Maghrebi mint tea
1131:Huangshan Maofeng
830:Camellia sinensis
609:10.1021/jf0354848
452:978-0-8493-2647-9
180:Camellia sinensis
16:(Redirected from
2244:
2214:
2213:
2142:
2141:
1920:Burmese milk tea
1855:Phenolic content
1749:
1748:
1438:
1437:
1331:Lapsang souchong
1106:Lu'an Melon Seed
858:
857:
818:
811:
804:
795:
794:
789:
788:
778:
768:
744:
738:
737:
727:
719:
717:
693:
687:
686:
684:
683:
672:
666:
665:
654:10.1039/b802662a
647:
627:
621:
620:
591:
585:
582:
571:
570:
542:
533:
532:
496:
490:
489:
487:
463:
457:
456:
438:
432:
425:
419:
418:
408:
376:
109:epigallocatechin
21:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2198:
2140:
2016:
1982:Seven-color tea
1935:Doodh pati chai
1902:
1896:
1838:
1783:
1747:
1678:
1677:Production and
1672:
1640:
1559:
1501:
1427:
1362:
1351:Russian Caravan
1346:Prince of Wales
1309:Breakfast tea (
1291:
1284:
1251:
1247:Huoshan Huangya
1242:Junshan Yinzhen
1228:
1200:
1052:
988:Dongfang meiren
944:
853:
847:
834:
822:
792:
745:
741:
721:
720:
694:
690:
681:
679:
674:
673:
669:
645:10.1.1.608.4407
628:
624:
603:(10): 2807–15.
592:
588:
583:
574:
543:
536:
497:
493:
464:
460:
453:
439:
435:
426:
422:
377:
373:
369:
352:
340:
317:Phenols called
315:
309:
274:
238:
141:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2250:
2240:
2239:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1850:Health effects
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1809:Compressed tea
1806:
1801:
1799:Flowering teas
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1696:Decaffeination
1688:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1527:
1524:Cha chaan teng
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1307:
1296:
1294:
1292:flavoured teas
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1219:Baihao Yinzhen
1216:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1181:Mengding Ganlu
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:Taiping houkui
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
954:
952:
946:
945:
943:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
864:
855:
849:
848:
846:
845:
839:
836:
835:
821:
820:
813:
806:
798:
791:
790:
759:(4): 790–814.
739:
688:
667:
638:(8): 1001–43.
622:
586:
572:
553:(6): 487–501.
534:
507:(1–2): 111–8.
491:
458:
451:
433:
420:
391:(34): 6141–7.
370:
368:
365:
364:
363:
358:
351:
348:
339:
336:
308:
305:
273:
270:
260:and oligomers
237:
234:
140:
137:
60:refers to the
30:Main article:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2249:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:Tea research
2124:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:Arnold Palmer
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:Builder's tea
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:ISO procedure
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1779:United States
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1545:Sukiya-zukuri
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
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18:Tea catechins
2179:Koththamalli
2154:Cannabis tea
2116:
2109:
2102:
2083:Tea classics
1987:Shahi haleeb
1854:
1707:Cultivation
1686:Leaf grading
1679:distribution
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1458:Tasseography
1355:
1196:Tamaryokucha
1066:Anji bai cha
1033:Shui Jin Gui
1008:Huang Meigui
1003:Huangjin Gui
963:Ban Tian Yao
828:
756:
752:
742:
724:cite journal
705:
702:EFSA Journal
701:
691:
680:. Retrieved
676:"Flavonoids"
670:
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472:EFSA Journal
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262:thearubigins
255:
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183:, including
178:
171:
160:
98:
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46:flavan-3-ols
2079:Literature
1992:Suutei tsai
1873:Flavan-3-ol
1792:Preparation
1581:Azerbaijani
1336:Masala chai
1326:Jasmine tea
1290:Blended or
978:Da Hong Pao
973:Bu Zhi Chun
905:Jin Jun Mei
708:(2): 1489.
478:(4): 2055.
346:and death.
303:qualities.
289:Gallic acid
285:precipitate
258:theaflavins
250:theaflavins
244:Darjeeling
236:Theaflavins
232:infusions.
226:metabolites
117:epicatechin
86:theaflavins
66:polyphenols
2164:Dried lime
2146:Herbal tea
1925:Butter tea
1910:Bubble tea
1901:Tea-based
1890:Theaflavin
1859:Compounds
1759:Bangladesh
1752:By country
1736:Chittagong
1691:Processing
1631:Senegalese
1564:By country
1513:Tea garden
1423:Vietnamese
1378:Australian
1234:Yellow tea
1146:Kamairicha
1076:Baimao Hou
1048:Tieguanyin
958:Bai Jiguan
950:Oolong tea
940:Yingdehong
890:Darjeeling
682:2020-04-15
567:10113/7266
501:BioFactors
367:References
319:flavonoids
311:See also:
307:Flavonoids
301:astringent
281:astringent
193:oolong tea
177:made from
125:kaempferol
94:flavonoids
2159:Chamomile
2012:Yuenyeung
2002:Teh tarik
1997:Sweet tea
1977:Noon chai
1814:Decoction
1774:Sri Lanka
1727:Auctions
1718:Companies
1636:Taiwanese
1621:Pakistani
1601:Hong Kong
1596:Dominican
1586:Brazilian
1576:Argentine
1531:Chashitsu
1490:Taiwanese
1453:Tea party
1413:Taiwanese
1304:Lady Grey
1300:Earl Grey
1214:Bai Mudan
1206:White tea
1141:Kabusecha
1111:Gunpowder
1101:Genmaicha
1086:Biluochun
1058:Green tea
1043:Tieluohan
1038:Shui Xian
983:Dong ding
862:Black tea
854:varieties
640:CiteSeerX
332:black tea
328:green tea
324:Catechins
246:black tea
230:green tea
189:black tea
185:white tea
167:green tea
148:Green tea
139:Catechins
133:myricitin
129:quercetin
121:flavanols
101:green tea
82:catechins
78:mouthfeel
72:. These
50:catechins
42:green tea
2231:Category
2216:Category
2053:Strainer
2021:See also
2007:Thai tea
1972:Milk tea
1957:Jagertee
1945:Iced tea
1878:Catechin
1868:Theanine
1863:Caffeine
1834:Tea lady
1824:Steeping
1804:Infusion
1741:Guwahati
1711:Diseases
1611:Japanese
1571:American
1495:Ryukyuan
1480:Japanese
1280:Kombucha
1161:Longjing
1091:Chun Mee
1028:Ruan zhi
1013:Jin Xuan
968:Baozhong
895:Dianhong
785:32073596
662:19636448
617:15137818
529:37684286
443:Caffeine
415:23448443
350:See also
338:Research
252:content.
152:caffeine
123:such as
2194:Rooibos
2174:Guayusa
2073:Tea set
2048:Infuser
2028:Teaware
1967:Lei cha
1829:Tea bag
1703:Tasting
1650:History
1626:Russian
1616:Mexican
1591:Chinese
1473:Yum cha
1468:Chinese
1441:Customs
1433:Culture
1418:Turkish
1398:Chinese
1388:British
1371:General
1311:English
1224:Shoumei
1191:Shincha
1171:Maojian
1156:Kukicha
1151:Konacha
1121:HĹŤjicha
1116:Gyokuro
998:Gaoshan
993:Fo Shou
920:Nilgiri
852:Common
843:History
776:7360449
521:9699018
406:4055352
297:tannins
277:Tannins
272:Tannins
90:tannins
62:phenols
2184:Kuding
2169:Ginger
2090:Coffee
2068:Gaiwan
2063:Teapot
2058:Teacup
2043:Chawan
1962:Kahwah
1930:Chifir
1903:drinks
1843:Health
1769:Rwanda
1731:London
1606:Indian
1538:Mizuya
1485:Korean
1408:Nepali
1403:Korean
1393:Ceylon
1383:Arabic
1275:Lahpet
1270:Doncha
1265:Pu-erh
1186:Sencha
1166:Matcha
1096:Dafang
1081:Bancha
1071:Aracha
1023:Rougui
930:Tibeti
925:Sikkim
915:Keemun
910:Kangra
885:Congou
880:Ceylon
783:
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131:, and
115:, and
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2033:Chest
1764:Kenya
1668:Japan
1663:India
1658:China
1506:Areas
1315:Irish
1176:Mecha
1136:Hyson
1018:Qilan
875:Bohea
870:Assam
525:S2CID
299:with
2189:Mate
1552:Roji
935:Rize
781:PMID
734:link
730:link
658:PMID
613:PMID
517:PMID
447:ISBN
411:PMID
279:are
220:and
191:and
175:teas
156:EGCG
64:and
56:The
44:are
2237:Tea
825:Tea
771:PMC
761:doi
710:doi
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563:hdl
555:doi
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