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resultant opposition took many forms. Wine growers and tavern keepers concealed wine and falsified their methods of selling it to take advantage of lower tax rates. The retailers also refilled their casks secretly from hidden stocks. Wine merchants stealthily circumvented inspection stations to avoid local import duties. When apprehended, some defrauders reacted with passive resignation, while others resorted to violence. Situated at the heart of the country town or village, the tavern was one of the traditional centers of social and political life before 1789, a meeting place for both the local population and travelers passing through and a refuge for rogues and scoundrels. Taverns symbolized opposition to the regime and to religion.
540:. In modern times, the meaning of the word has a bit narrowed. Nevertheless, it is used colloquially to denote both traditional restaurants where people go to eat, and bars, where people mainly go to drink and socialize. "Hospoda" is nowadays a very widespread but only colloquial word, while "hostinec" or "pohostinstvĂ" were often official names of such establishment in the 20th century, now a bit obsolete. "Hospoda" could be with meals served or without, typically with tapped beer. (This term is not used for wine bars.) As drinking beer is an important part of the Czech culture, inviting to "hospoda" generally means: "let's go and have a drink together, let's meet, chat, and socialize…". It is often equipped with a TV,
347:. Drinking practices in 16th-century Augsburg, Germany, suggest that the use of alcohol in early modern Germany followed carefully structured cultural norms. Drinking was not a sign of insecurity and disorder. It helped define and enhance men's social status and was therefore tolerated among men as long as they lived up to both the rules and norms of tavern society and the demands of their role as householders. Tavern doors were closed to respectable women unaccompanied by their husbands, and society condemned drunkenness among women, but when alcohol abuse interfered with the household, women could deploy public power to impose limits on men's drinking behaviour.
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438:, with its complex network of credit relationships. The tavern played a crucial role in cultural and business life and was also the place where work and leisure were fused. Heavy drinking facilitated the creation of community relationships in which artisans and workers sought security. Buying drinks rather than saving money was a rational strategy when, before adjustment to a cash economy, it was essential to raise one's esteem with fellow craftsmen to whom one could turn for favors in preference to the Verlag capitalist.
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327:('The Tavern', 1877) depicted the social conditions typical of alcoholism in Paris among the working classes. The drunk destroyed not only his own body, but also his employment, his family, and other interpersonal relationships. The characters Gervaise Macquart and her husband Coupeau exemplified with great realism the physical and moral degradation of alcoholics. Zola's correspondence with physicians reveals that he used authentic medical sources for his realistic depictions in the novel.
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Establishments specialized primarily in the consumption of beer (beer bars) are called "výčep" ("výčap" in Slovak), expressively "nálevna", or "pajzl" (from German Baisel, originally from Jidish). "Knajpa" (from German) is an expressive word, and "krčma" is rather archaic in Czech. The word "taverna"
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After 1500, taxes on wine and other alcoholic beverages grew increasingly more burdensome, not only because of the continual increase in the level of taxation but also because of the bewildering variety and multiplicity of the taxes. This chaotic system was enforced by an army of tax collectors. The
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The range and quality of pubs varies wildly throughout the UK as does the range of beers, wines, spirits and foods available. Most quality pubs will still serve cask ales and food. In recent years there has been a move towards "gastro" pubs where the menu is more ambitious. Originally, taverns
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which offered the finest meals before the restaurant appeared in the 18th century. Their stated purpose, however, was to serve wine (not beer or cider, which had other outlets) and they were so disreputable that women of any standing avoided them.
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was a notable meeting place in the 18th and 19th centuries, for example. However, the word tavern is no longer in popular use in the UK as there is no distinction between a tavern and an inn. Both establishments serve wine and beer/ale. The term
410:. There is generally a sign with some type of symbol, often related to the name of the premises, to draw in customers. The purpose of this is to indicate that the establishment sells alcohol and to set it apart from the competition.
454:; the style remains the same to this day. Greek tavernes (plural of taverna) are the most common restaurants in Greece. A typical menu includes portion dishes, or small dishes of meat and fish, as well as salads and appetizers.
293:, were the main places to dine out. Typically, a tavern offered various roast meats, as well as simple foods like bread, cheese, herring, and bacon. Some offered a wider variety of foods, though it would be cabarets and later
311:. In Paris, the first restaurant in the modern sense of the term was founded in 1765. However, the first Parisian restaurant worthy of the name was the one founded by Beauvilliers in 1782 in the Rue de Richelieu, called the
486:, with beer and refreshments being a recent addition. In Byzantine times, tavernes were the place for a social gathering, to enjoy a meal, live music and friendly talk with a drink accompanied by small variety dishes (
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had very high drinking rates, which led to the formation of a powerful prohibition movement in the 19th century. Magnusson (1986) explains why consumption of spirits was so high in a typical preindustrial village
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served as rest stops about every fifteen miles and their main focus was to provide shelter to anyone who was traveling. Such taverns would be divided into two major parts – the sleeping quarters and the
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Over time, the words "tavern" and "inn" became interchangeable and synonymous. In
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Lars
Magnusson (1986). "Drinking and the Verlag System 1820–1850: The Significance of Taverns and Drink in Eskilstuna Before Industrialisation".
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is the menu section that includes a variety of different casserole cooked dishes every day. The other choices are mainly prepared roasted (
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Slovak language prefers the word "krÄŤma" as a neutral colloquial term for pubs and restaurants. It is an old panslavic word.
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is a tavern that has a license to put up guests as lodgers. The word derives from the Latin
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Ale, Beer, and
Brewsters in England: Women's Work in a Changing World, 1300-1600
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Alcohol and
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A History of the Food of Paris: From Roast
Mammoth to Steak Frites
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953:The English Alehouse: A Social History, 1200–1800
741:"Gender and Alcohol Use in Early Modern Augsburg"
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1259:Index of drinking establishment–related articles
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644:Bar (establishment)
392:Silver Cross Tavern
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32:Bar (establishment)
1869:official cocktails
1733:List of bartenders
985:by Gavin R. Nathan
958:Unger, Richard W.
925:Alcohol: A History
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1340:Nightclub act
1338:
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1238:North America
1236:
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899:Gately, Iain
898:
895:
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888:
884:
883:
871:
865:
858:
854:
850:
846:
841:
834:(4): 331–374.
833:
829:
822:
815:
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
781:
777:
774:Anon (1952).
771:
764:
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645:
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641:
637:
631:
626:
623:
622:Liquor portal
617:
612:
609:
603:
598:
590:
583:North America
580:
578:
563:
560:
558:
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549:
547:
543:
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531:
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457:
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439:
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433:
429:
425:
420:
411:
409:
403:
401:
397:
396:Spaniards Inn
393:
389:
385:
380:
379:London Tavern
372:
367:
362:
358:
348:
346:
337:
328:
326:
325:
320:
316:
314:
310:
305:
301:
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268:
264:
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246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
218:
217:Parker Tavern
214:
208:
204:
200:
196:
189:
185:
181:
174:
170:
165:
152:
151:David Teniers
148:
144:
134:
131:
123:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81: –
80:
76:
75:Find sources:
69:
65:
59:
58:
53:This article
51:
47:
42:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1875:
1844:
1549:Melon baller
1524:Glass rimmer
1443:Tomato juice
1264:List of bars
1186:
1177:Saloon (bar)
966:
959:
952:
945:
938:
924:
916:
900:
893:
889:(2 vol 2003)
886:
880:Bibliography
864:
856:
852:
851:, ĂšJÄŚ AVÄŚR,
848:
840:
831:
827:
814:
797:
793:
787:
776:YHA Songbook
775:
770:
762:
757:
748:
744:
734:
718:
713:
695:Tavern clock
659:List of bars
649:Coaching inn
574:
561:
554:
550:
533:
529:
525:
524:(guest) and
521:
517:
513:
511:
499:
497:
487:
481:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
445:
431:
417:
404:
376:
344:
342:
322:
317:
312:
306:
302:
295:
288:
275:
252:
228:
226:
223:architecture
205:were fired,
147:Tavern Scene
146:
126:
117:
107:
100:
93:
86:
74:
62:Please help
57:verification
54:
1852:Homebrewing
1794:Straight up
1754:Bottle keep
1741:Terminology
1574:Soda siphon
1474:Beer engine
1459:Absinthiana
1438:Sugar syrup
1423:Fruit juice
1397:Mixed drink
1313:Occupations
1082:Coffeehouse
1072:Cider house
1047:Beer garden
859:cited there
800:(1): 1–19.
729:, pp. 67-80
669:Prohibition
636:Wine portal
608:Beer portal
534:hospitality
419:Scandinavia
414:Scandinavia
324:L'Assommoir
309:restaurants
158: 1658
1936:Categories
1857:Craft beer
1799:Well drink
1774:Happy hour
1674:Strawberry
1484:Beer tower
1433:Soft drink
1306:Bartending
1211:By country
1197:Toddy shop
1162:Ratskeller
1122:Juke joint
1102:Honky tonk
727:1442272821
706:References
462:or fried.
456:Mageirefta
424:Eskilstuna
371:Portsmouth
319:Émile Zola
120:March 2013
90:newspapers
30:See also:
1784:Last call
1769:Gay night
1749:Body shot
1659:Pineapple
1604:Garnishes
1519:Drinkware
1514:Corkscrew
1469:Bar spoon
1452:Equipment
1428:Grenadine
1345:Sommelier
1325:Bartender
1218:Australia
1157:Pulqueria
1142:Nightclub
1117:Juice bar
1077:Cigar bar
1057:Biker bar
1052:Beer hall
542:billiards
460:tis oras)
321:'s novel
296:traiteurs
241:travelers
173:Jan Steen
1693:Inedible
1664:Rosemary
1529:Ice cube
1479:Beer tap
1387:Cocktail
1247:See also
1202:Wine bar
1192:Tiki bar
1182:Teahouse
1092:Fern bar
1087:Dive bar
1043:(saloon)
903:(2008).
828:Hesperia
761:Tlusty,
721:, 2018,
594:See also
530:gospodin
520:(host),
518:hostitel
514:hospodář
483:tsipouro
464:Orektika
291:cabarets
263:workshop
79:"Tavern"
1808:Related
1759:Dryness
1634:Flowers
1554:Muddler
1499:Chinois
1494:Blender
1418:Bitters
1350:Bouncer
1320:Barback
1228:Ireland
1167:Shebeen
1132:Meyhane
1112:Izakaya
1107:Ice bar
1097:Gay bar
1067:Cantina
1062:Brewpub
955:(1983).
948:(1988),
845:taverna
690:Taverna
654:Izakaya
557:Moravia
544:table,
526:hostina
472:retsina
448:taverna
331:Germany
254:taberna
245:lodging
221:saltbox
104:scholar
18:Taverns
1919:
1845:tavern
1728:People
1654:Pickle
1624:Citrus
1619:Celery
1612:Edible
1594:Zester
1539:Juicer
1534:Jigger
1392:Liquor
1187:Tavern
1147:Ouzeri
971:online
932:Europe
907:
765:(2001)
725:
501:kafana
468:alifes
442:Greece
432:Verlag
428:Sweden
345:Kneipe
285:France
280:Europe
229:tavern
106:
99:
92:
85:
77:
1830:index
1684:Twist
1679:Sugar
1649:Olive
1584:Whisk
1382:Cider
1127:Jumak
824:(PDF)
546:darts
488:mezes
434:, or
426:) in
269:, or
267:stall
247:. An
169:Dutch
111:JSTOR
97:books
1669:Salt
1644:Mint
1402:Wine
1377:Beer
905:ISBN
855:and
723:ISBN
571:Iraq
566:Asia
522:host
477:ouzo
359:and
259:shed
237:food
83:news
34:and
1840:pub
1835:bar
1569:Peg
1152:Pub
1041:Bar
802:doi
679:Pub
555:In
538:inn
490:).
480:or
408:bar
402:".
384:pub
361:Inn
357:Pub
271:pub
249:inn
66:by
36:Pub
1938::
847:,
832:44
830:.
826:.
798:34
796:.
778:.
749:27
747:.
743:.
579:.
394:,
390:,
315:.
273:.
265:,
261:,
227:A
186:,
167:A
155:c.
153:,
1298:e
1291:t
1284:v
1017:e
1010:t
1003:v
911:.
872:.
808:.
804::
422:(
382:'
133:)
127:(
122:)
118:(
108:·
101:·
94:·
87:·
60:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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