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20:
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Hostettler, Frances D.; Rosenbauer, Robert J.; Lorenson, Thomas D.; Dougherty, Jennifer (June 2004). "Geochemical characterization of tarballs on beaches along the
California coast. Part I: Shallow seepage impacting the Santa Barbara Channel Islands, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel".
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Wang, Zhendi; Fingas, Merv; Landriault, Michael; Sigouin, Lise; Castle, Bill; Hostetter, David; Zhang, Dachung; Spencer, Brad (1998). "Identification and
Linkage of Tarballs from the Coasts of Vancouver Island and Northern California Using GC/MS and Isotopic Techniques".
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Knap, Anthony H.; Burns, Kathryn A.; Dawson, Rodger; Ehrhardt, Manfred; Palmork, Karsten H. (July 1986). "Dissolved/dispersed hydrocarbons, tarballs and the surface microlayer: Experiences from an IOC/UNEP Workshop in
Bermuda, December 1984".
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261:"Natural offshore seepage and related tarball accumulation on the California coastline; Santa Barbara Channel and the southern Santa Maria Basin; source identification and inventory"
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Itah, A. Y.; Essien, J. P. (October 2005). "Growth
Profile and Hydrocarbonoclastic Potential of Microorganisms Isolated from Tarballs in the Bight of Bonny, Nigeria".
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Lorenson, T. D.; Hostettler, F. D.; Rosenbauer, R. J.; Peters, K. E.; Kvenvolden, K. A.; Dougherty, J. A.; Gutmacher, C. E.; Wong, F. L.; Normark, W. R. (2009).
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and their composition can also be used to identify their sources of origin. They are slowly decomposed by
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96:. The density of tarballs depends on the solids picked up in the weathering process. They can range in
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in most environments, although they can occur naturally and as such are not always associated with
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108:. When the tarballs are less dense than seawater, they can travel over great distances.
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Fang, J.; Wong, K. V. (January 2006). "An
Advanced VOF Algorithm for Oil Boom Design".
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Fang, J.; Wong, K. V. (April 2003). "An
Advanced VOF Algorithm for Oil Boom Design".
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They can also be contained like oil and picked up using a variety of methods.
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which has been weathered after floating in the ocean. Tarballs are an aquatic
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10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19980701)21:7<383::AID-JHRC383>3.0.CO;2-3
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Tarball concentration and features have been used to assess the extent of
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can be used to isolate tarballs similar to methods used to isolate oil.
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Tarballs may be dispersed over long distances by deep sea
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Goodman, R. (April 2003). "Tar Balls: The End State".
451:"Gulf Oil Spill Pictures: Oil, Tarballs Hit Beaches"
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345:International Journal of Modelling and Simulation
318:International Journal of Modelling and Simulation
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195:World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
495:Environmental impact of the petroleum industry
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393:Journal of High Resolution Chromatography
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291:Spill Science & Technology Bulletin
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238:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.01.022
100:with some being more dense than
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271:from the original on 2010-06-13
119:Concentration and decomposition
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377:10.1016/0025-326X(86)90217-1
23:A tarball on a beach on the
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449:Than, Ker (14 May 2010).
424:"Understanding Tar Balls"
365:Marine Pollution Bulletin
207:10.1007/s11274-004-6694-z
134:Chromobacterium violaceum
267:. US Geological Survey.
158:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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429:. NOAA. 24 May 2010.
170:Saccharomyces estuari
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226:Organic Geochemistry
140:Cladosporium resinae
152:Micrococcus varians
146:Bacillus submarinus
45:Tar balls from the
201:(6–7): 1317–1322.
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500:Petroleum geology
113:Containment booms
58:Fort Walton Beach
52:washed ashore on
48:Deepwater Horizon
27:in 2001, from an
25:Galápagos Islands
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88:Distribution
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106:fresh water
485:Oil spills
479:Categories
275:2010-06-03
177:References
125:oil spills
82:oil spills
246:0146-6380
78:pollutant
74:petroleum
50:oil spill
29:oil spill
431:Archived
269:Archived
265:usgs.gov
131:such as
102:seawater
94:currents
98:density
70:tarball
62:Florida
34:Jessica
465:21 May
440:23 Feb
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167:, and
434:(PDF)
427:(PDF)
467:2010
442:2021
242:ISSN
401:doi
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