1965:
946:
528:
863:
958:
660:, made local governments there dysfunctional. In summer 1865, the White Flags ambushed Vietnamese troops at Tuyên Quang, killing three hundred soldiers. In February 1868, the White Flags seized Lục Yên and chased the Vietnamese away. Unable to defeat the White Flags in conventional warfare, the Vietnamese began to hire Chinese and Tai-Zhuang mercenaries. In 1860, He Junchang, a Chinese opium merchant, had recruited his own personal militia to protect the opium trade from the White Flags. His private army effectively drove the White Flags away from Lào Cai, the main station along Kunming-Hanoi opium trade route.
1958:
809:
575:
832:
888:, concluding Vietnam as a vassal of France but allowing Vietnam's status quo in foreign relationships. But in 1876 Tu Duc sent a delegation to Beijing, reassessing Vietnam's tributary status for the Chinese Empire. Another Vietnamese mission in 1880 went on to pay homage to the Qing court. On 10 November 1880, the Chinese ambassador in Paris announced that Dai Nam was still a vassal of China and rejected the Franco-Vietnamese treaty of 1874. In the next year, the Qing sent an envoy to Vietnam to negotiate trade relationship.
724:
544:
33:
560:
786:
934:
740:
970:
1951:
621:, a book noted by many researchers to have made a profound contribution to the ideological transformation of the ruling elites in Qing China and Japan. It is noted that the very slow adoption of the ideas from this work in the Nguyễn dynasty showed how slowly its elites adopted Western ideas and despite learning about Western ideas they proved to be unable or unwilling adopt them or adapt to them.
671:, consisting of Chinese and Tai-Zhuang militia. The Vietnamese immediately made an alliance with the Black Flags to fight against the White Flags. In 1868, war in Tonkin broke out between the White Flags and the Black Flags, resulting in White Flags defeat and their forces diminished. The Vietnamese now were harboring the Black Flags and benefiting from their good fighting and reputations.
736:. By an order of 1848 Tự Đức commanded all Vietnamese Catholic converts to renounce their religion, otherwise they would be branded on the face with the mark of a heretic and surrender all of their rights and privileges. This rallied most of the European powers against Vietnam, and Tự Đức by doing this had given up any hope of Vietnam gaining help as a victim from the outside world.
599:, had attempted forty-three times to persuade the court of Tu Duc to renovate the kingdom and adopt the changing global order. In 1866 he was sent to Europe on the Vietnamese third mission to recruit technicians and teachers for a Western-style school foundation in Vietnam, but that project was also cancelled in 1867 when France annexed the rest of Cochinchina.
594:
It was quite ironic that even during the height of Tu Duc's persecution against
Catholic Christians, there were always devout Catholic officials serving in his court, occupied among the high-ranking positions. Among them, Nguyễn Hữu Thơ, an accomplish priest, was sent by Tu Duc to France with another
731:
To make matters worse, Emperor Tự Đức had to deal with renewed internal rebellions which had become commonplace for the Nguyễn dynasty. There were literally hundreds of small rebellions and uprisings against Nguyễn rule. Ineffective attempts to enforce the ban on
Christian missionaries were also the
700:
France and Spain responded to Tự Đức's persecution with a large military expeditionary force and attacked up from southern
Vietnam in 1858–1862. The Nguyễn army fought bravely for some time, but their antiquated weapons and tactics were no match for the French, who suffered more from the climate and
632:
or
Northern Vietnam, had been ravaged by constant cholera epidemic, natural disasters, and famines in the 1840s–1850s, was left barely administrated by the court. The mountainous parts of Tonkin were territories of mainly indigenous Tai-speaking communities, and later Hmong, who were autonomous and
610:
claimed that he found two instances where the Tự Đức
Emperor had ordered the Chinese edition of several classic books on science and industry from the West to be read by the mandarins and soldiers of the country. As an example he mentioned the book "Vạn Quốc Công Pháp" (萬國公法), a Chinese translation
770:
When further rebellions broke out as the French were advancing on the capital, Tự Đức feared that his authority was crumbling. He preferred to make a deal with the French so that he could crush the rebellion since while France may demand humiliating concessions, the rebels would most likely depose
602:
Nguyễn Trường Tộ launched an campaign against the established-Confucian education and thinking in
Vietnam. He denounced Confucianism "the evil that has been brought on China and on our country by the Confucian way of life." Concluding "No other country in the world has so irrational a system of
512:
Emperor Tự Đức continued the policies of his predecessors, shutting
Vietnam off from the outside world and refusing all efforts to modernize the country. Accounts of his personal life show a gentle and educated man, but his policies brought on conflict with Europe that Vietnam could not win. He
527:
449:
struck
Vietnam and Cambodia. Around 600,000 lost their lives according to the royal archives. Military physician O'neill Barrett (1982) and the Vietnamese Ministry of Health (2007) estimated that a total of two million people had been affected during the pandemic. Historian
474:
As the eldest son of Thiệu Trị, Prince Hồng Bảo was resentful of his brother. He plotted rebellion against Tự Đức with a wide range of supporters: Confucians who were angered that Hồng Bảo as the eldest son had been passed over in favour of Tự Đức,
686:. In March 1868, thousands of Yellow Flags crossed the borders and attacking local Vietnamese authorities and raiding grain warehouses in Cao Bằng. The Yellow Flags occupied large territories in Tonkin, and continued their operations until 1885.
431:
and opposition to foreigners and innovation. As a result and due to the repressive policies of the previous emperor, there was now a great deal of dissatisfaction with Nguyễn rule and a legitimate royal figure for opposition to rally around.
1691:
2010. p. 154 "A younger brother and adopted son of
Emperor Tự Đức, he succeeded his nephew Dục Đức after the latter was deposed by court officials in 1883. Hiép Hoa attempted to wrest power back from these officials, but he was not strong
831:
1600:
the Black Flags and their leader, Liu Yung-fu, were to acquire a certain dubious legitimacy and fame in the service both of the
Vietnamese king, Tu Duc, and of the latter's Qing suzerains in their struggle against French imperialism in
891:
Siam and Vietnam renewed their relationship in 1878. In 1880, Tu Duc welcomed an Italian trade delegation. Frustrated of being harassed by Tu Duc, Résident‐supérieur Rheinart France retaliated by barring Vietnam from joining the
862:
457:
Unusual heavy rainy seasons were recorded during 1847–1861, followed by a period of extremely dry and severe droughts between 1864 and 1889. Typhoons ravaged Tonkin in 1880–1881. A plague of locusts devastated
808:
595:
French priest, to plan the creation of a school of "Sciences, and Arts and Crafts" in Hue, but later that project was defied by Tu Duc himself who quickly lost interest in reforms. Another Catholic official,
648:
invaded Tonkin and laid Tụ Long abandoned by 1863, disrupting Vietnamese finance and the opium trade. Threats from the White Flags mounted as violence and anarchy escalated. In 1862, Tu Duc appointed
2184:
785:
3041:
705:
against the Black Flag in the 1880s pirates ended with France victorious and the Qing Empire gave up its supremacy over Vietnam and recognized France as the ruling power over the region.
521:
tried to convince Tự Đức that this was a suicidal policy, but he did not listen, confident that France was too involved with the chaos in Europe in 1848 to respond, but he was mistaken.
2161:
491:
and Thiệu Trị, and peasants disgruntled with Nguyễn taxation. He never had the chance to rebel however, as he was arrested in 1854 and scheduled to be executed. The dowager empress
1964:
543:
2450:
903:
By September 1882, more than 200,000 Chinese troops had been sent to Northern Vietnam (Tonkin) following Tu Duc's request of aid fighting against new French incursion.
2445:
3084:
2384:
1784:
537:. The lower right corner shows his body being cast in the water, where he was retrieved by Christians. In the upper right corner, Mgr Retord comes to the ceremony.
3309:
911:
Emperor Tự Đức did not live to see the worst effects of colonialism on his country, and he was also the last Vietnamese monarch to rule independently. A case of
498:
In 1866, Hồng Bảo's son Đinh Đạo rebelled against Tự Đức. The rebellion was crushed and Tự Đức ordered Đinh Đạo, his brothers and his mother to be put to death.
649:
559:
775:, to be a French colony and accepted the status of a French protectorate for his country. This caused a huge uproar, and many, such as the famous mandarin
1897:
1459:"Cuốn sách luật quốc tế này đã có thể góp phần thay đổi vận mệnh Việt Nam? Về số phận cuốn sách kinh điển đầu tiên về luật quốc tế được đưa đến Việt Nam"
732:
biggest source of trouble, including the execution of a Spanish bishop which was used to justify the French and Spanish invasion that led to the fall of
603:
education," Nguyễn Trường Tộ advocated for a new, modernized education system followed the European model. Indeed, neither of his proposals was applied.
945:
2021:
3294:
1458:
957:
2146:
3390:
3077:
779:, refused to recognize the treaty and fought on in defense of their country, denouncing Tự Đức for surrendering any part of their homeland.
3289:
1777:
679:
683:
2026:
507:
2755:
2720:
2343:
633:
lightly submissive in relations with the court of Hue. Rebellion and pirate activities increased. In 1857, Chinese Muslim rebels from
3385:
2424:
513:
oppressed all foreigners in Vietnam, especially the Christian community, who had tried to overthrow his grandfather, such as in the
923:
of wives he kept in his palace. He died in 1883 and, according to legend, cursed the French with his dying breath. His adopted son,
3026:
2103:
1890:
1770:
3036:
574:
2369:
2683:
3263:
2098:
2088:
1507:
1398:
1328:
1303:
3160:
3129:
3051:
2338:
2175:
1583:
667:
in 1861. In 1865, after the fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Liu Yongfu fled to China-Vietnam borders and founded the
2604:
3365:
2695:
2093:
2730:
2348:
424:
3134:
2663:
1883:
641:. Tụ Long was an important mining zone for the Vietnamese economy which depended on copper coins in every transaction.
423:. Family troubles, however, plagued the beginning of his reign. Thiệu Trị had passed over his more moderate eldest son
2913:
3380:
3119:
2009:
1709:
1672:
1647:
1622:
1270:
3150:
3370:
2710:
2690:
2318:
2291:
2286:
2130:
2156:
2930:
2396:
1921:
3031:
2858:
2534:
2529:
596:
518:
3304:
2760:
2715:
2644:
2419:
2328:
2306:
893:
881:
613:
3124:
1275:
3375:
2920:
2301:
1931:
1083:
The imperial consort dowager (the title of the emperor's mother but not the empress of the former emperor)
3001:
871:, the reformist and the known for introduction of photography and western-model shipbuilding into Vietnam.
2787:
2639:
2504:
2058:
1927:
845:
718:
550:
78:
43:
3299:
2792:
3181:
2888:
2878:
2750:
2700:
2634:
2599:
2584:
2564:
2296:
2113:
2053:
837:
695:
495:
advised him against it, and Hồng Bảo killed himself in prison. He was buried simply without a funeral.
2996:
2745:
2609:
2594:
514:
180:
3067:
2863:
2802:
2469:
2151:
2118:
2991:
2868:
2544:
2514:
933:
164:
3241:
3235:
3223:
2963:
2873:
2549:
2379:
2063:
841:
2817:
2519:
3229:
3217:
2968:
2940:
2807:
2589:
2539:
2524:
2479:
2374:
1438:
1419:
1390:
1368:
1349:
969:
885:
765:
761:
2629:
2624:
2569:
868:
776:
714:
476:
3334:
2838:
2797:
2725:
2614:
2499:
2033:
1461:(in Vietnamese). Luật Khoa tạp chí – Sáng kiến Pháp lý Việt Nam (Legal Initiatives for Vietnam)
799:
149:
129:
2853:
2353:
1957:
2843:
2461:
565:
480:
3314:
2489:
3360:
3355:
3072:
2765:
2735:
2411:
652:
to fought off the White Flag rebels. The White Flags made a series of devastating raids in
3319:
2258:
1859:
877:
8:
3284:
3155:
2812:
2740:
2705:
2574:
2429:
2323:
2240:
2108:
1844:
853:
818:
581:
415:
Prince Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm was born on 22 September 1829. He was a son of the emperor
372:
204:
2848:
2619:
2474:
1584:"South China in the Imperial Era: South China from 1800 to the fall of the Qing in 1911"
607:
3094:
2883:
2775:
2559:
2554:
2484:
1906:
1793:
1745:
675:
645:
534:
451:
400:
321:
3089:
2579:
2264:
2216:
2078:
1864:
1824:
1754:
924:
849:
199:
106:
71:
2925:
2822:
2678:
2401:
2204:
2083:
2016:
1937:
1814:
1738:
1715:
1705:
1668:
1643:
1618:
1503:
1394:
1324:
1299:
416:
331:
280:
Thể thiên Hanh vận Chí thành Đạt hiếu Thể kiện Đôn nhân Khiêm cung Minh lược Duệ văn
189:
96:
61:
2494:
791:
3258:
2986:
2649:
2391:
2068:
2043:
1994:
723:
446:
391:, lit. "inheritance of virtues", 22 September 1829 – 19 July 1883) (personal name:
2228:
1834:
209:
32:
3111:
2780:
2770:
2246:
1999:
1849:
1762:
822:
668:
657:
484:
273:
3324:
3046:
2222:
1829:
1587:
927:, succeeded him but was deposed by court officials after a reign of three days.
876:
After the Tonkin incident (1873), Third French Republic governor of Cochinchina
2313:
3201:
2509:
897:
638:
377:
153:
133:
3349:
3329:
2198:
2123:
1809:
653:
618:
492:
488:
342:
1719:
2073:
2004:
463:
459:
428:
3268:
814:
3021:
2935:
772:
293:
2234:
1875:
1839:
1018:
The imperial noble consort (the same as The empress of Nguyễn dynasty)
739:
553:, Vietnamese mandarin official who was martyred for his Roman Catholic
517:, calling their religion a "perverse doctrine". The Christian mandarin
2252:
1854:
1296:
Epidemic Politics in Contemporary Vietnam: Public Health and the State
386:
383:
304:
301:
265:
262:
248:
245:
242:
236:
233:
230:
227:
176:
2333:
2281:
1570:
Imperial Bandits: Outlaws and Rebels in the China-Vietnam Borderlands
1555:
Imperial Bandits: Outlaws and Rebels in the China-Vietnam Borderlands
1540:
Imperial Bandits: Outlaws and Rebels in the China-Vietnam Borderlands
1525:
Imperial Bandits: Outlaws and Rebels in the China-Vietnam Borderlands
1500:
Imperial Bandits: Outlaws and Rebels in the China-Vietnam Borderlands
1485:
Imperial Bandits: Outlaws and Rebels in the China-Vietnam Borderlands
3165:
2192:
1804:
916:
912:
356:
1502:. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press. p. 28.
2162:
Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1950:
664:
644:
In 1860, the Chinese Muslim rebels were driven back, but the new
404:
316:
568:, French Catholic missionary was executed by Tự Đức in 2/2/1861.
2908:
733:
634:
629:
487:
missionaries and Christian converts who had been persecuted by
624:
2022:
Nguyễn dynasty's persecution of Catholics in the 19th century
920:
795:
771:
and/or kill him. He signed away the southernmost of Vietnam,
702:
469:
352:
798:, committed suicide in 1882 after his defensive failure in
748:
674:
New waves of Chinese rebels invaded Vietnam in form of the
419:
and succeeded his father as emperor of Vietnam in 1847 as
1452:
1450:
1448:
701:
disease than from enemy resistance. The fighting around
3310:
Postage stamps and postal history of Annam and Tongking
2392:
Names of the Nguyễn dynasty state (Việt Nam / Đại Nam)
445:
In summer 1849, one year after Tu Duc's coronation, a
1445:
1435:
Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present
1416:
Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present
1387:
Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present
1365:
Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present
1346:
Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present
1665:
The Last Emperors of Vietnam: from Tu Duc to Bao Dai
1640:
The Last Emperors of Vietnam: from Tu Duc to Bao Dai
1615:
The Last Emperors of Vietnam: from Tu Duc to Bao Dai
16:
4th Emperor of Nguyễn-dynasty Vietnam (r. 1847–1883)
896:, and from sending envoy to congratulate President
1792:
727:French and Spanish force capture of Saigon in 1859
1557:. University of Washington Press. pp. 35–37.
1542:. University of Washington Press. pp. 32–33.
3347:
825:in 1873 and released in 1874 after peace treaty.
663:Liu Yongfu proclaimed the Kingdom of Yanling in
637:attacked and occupied areas near Tụ Long mines,
440:
3295:Esplanade of Sacrifice to the Heaven and Earth
3078:Confucian court examination system in Vietnam
1891:
1778:
1572:. University of Washington Press. p. 37.
1527:. University of Washington Press. p. 32.
1487:. University of Washington Press. p. 31.
848:. He was the private tutor of future emperor
617:, first published in 1836 by American lawyer
454:suggests the overall death toll of 800,000.
427:, in favour of Tự Đức, known for his staunch
1546:
1531:
1478:
1476:
625:Invasions by Chinese rebels and mercenaries
2319:House of People's Representatives of Annam
1898:
1884:
1785:
1771:
1704:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
1380:
1378:
470:Conflict with Hồng Bảo and his descendants
31:
3085:Quốc Học – Huế High School for the Gifted
1905:
1561:
1516:
3290:Economy of the Nguyễn dynasty until 1884
2147:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
1473:
738:
722:
501:
3090:Société d’Enseignement Mutuel du Tonkin
1699:
1662:
1637:
1612:
1567:
1552:
1537:
1522:
1497:
1482:
1432:
1426:
1413:
1407:
1384:
1375:
1362:
1356:
1343:
1337:
1293:
3348:
3042:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục
1456:
1318:
589:
3264:Imperial Order of the Dragon of Annam
2099:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League
2089:History of Vietnam during World War I
1879:
1766:
1687:Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker
1298:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 29.
919:so he had no children despite a huge
656:, Cao Bằng, Thái Nguyên, and lowland
371:
3391:18th-century Vietnamese philosophers
689:
1667:. Greenwood Press. pp. 64–65.
13:
2756:Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845)
2721:Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–1834)
963:Portrait of Emperor Tu Duc in 1883
14:
3402:
2818:Uprising of the Nghệ-Tĩnh soviets
2716:Anouvong's Rebellion against Siam
2010:Six Provinces of Southern Vietnam
1727:
1586:. CPA Media. 2008. Archived from
614:The Elements of International Law
3386:19th-century Vietnamese monarchs
3052:Woodblocks of the Nguyễn Dynasty
2691:Vietnamese invasions of Cambodia
2292:Court of Imperial Entertainments
2131:French Indochina in World War II
1963:
1956:
1949:
1689:Historical Dictionary of Vietnam
968:
956:
944:
932:
861:
830:
807:
784:
573:
558:
542:
526:
399:) was the fourth emperor of the
3252:Orders, decorations, and medals
2696:Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812)
2684:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh
1681:
1656:
1642:. Greenwood Press. p. 62.
1631:
1617:. Greenwood Press. p. 61.
1606:
1576:
1491:
1015:First rank Consort Thuần/Trung
821:was captured by French colonel
2902:Special administrative regions
1794:Emperors of the Nguyễn dynasty
1312:
1287:
1258:And more with no informations
1027:Grand Empress dowager Trang Ý
407:; he ruled from 1847 to 1883.
382:
88:5 November 1847 – 19 July 1883
53:5 November 1847 – 19 July 1883
1:
2761:Bombardment of Tourane (1847)
2329:Imperial Household Department
2307:Office of the National Altars
2027:Tự Đức's Catholic persecution
1928:French protectorates of Annam
1281:
708:
508:Tự Đức's Catholic Persecution
79:Emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty
2832:Prominent military personnel
2788:Ba Dinh uprising / Cần Vương
2302:Court of Imperial Sacrifices
1702:The Last Emperors of Vietnam
1568:Bradley, Camp Davis (2016).
1553:Bradley, Camp Davis (2016).
1538:Bradley, Camp Davis (2016).
1523:Bradley, Camp Davis (2016).
1498:Bradley, Camp Davis (2016).
1483:Bradley, Camp Davis (2016).
1319:Goscha, Christopher (2016).
1074:Fourth rank concubine Lượng
441:Cholera and natural disaster
410:
7:
2914:Principality of Thuận Thành
2397:Seals of the Nguyễn dynasty
1323:. Basic Books. p. 60.
1264:
1166:Fourth rank concubine Kiệm
880:and the Hue court official
755:
719:Colonization of Cochinchina
10:
3407:
3366:Emperors of Nguyen Vietnam
3182:French Indochinese piastre
2751:Cambodian rebellion (1840)
2701:Cambodian rebellion (1820)
2297:Court of the Imperial Stud
2114:Communist Party of Vietnam
2054:French conquest of Vietnam
1945:
1457:AN ĐẠT (19 January 2018).
1151:Third rank concubine Thận
1101:Third rank Concubine Thận
1077:Second rank consort Khiêm
1053:Second rank consort Chiêu
759:
712:
696:French conquest of Vietnam
693:
505:
3277:
3251:
3210:
3194:
3174:
3143:
3110:
3103:
3060:
3014:
2979:
2956:
2949:
2901:
2831:
2671:
2662:
2459:
2438:
2412:Provincial administration
2410:
2362:
2275:Ministries & agencies
2274:
2183:
2174:
2152:Vietnamese famine of 1945
2139:
2042:
1979:
1972:
1914:
1800:
1750:
1743:
1734:
1257:
1224:From Nguyễn Nhược family
1200:From Nguyễn Trinh family
1193:
1185:From Nguyễn Thanh family
1182:Fifth rank concubine Tín
1107:Third rank concubine Mẫn
1104:Second rank Consort Cung
1056:First rank Consort Thiện
980:
975:Pavilion east of the tomb
939:Pavilion east of the tomb
794:, who was the viceroy of
682:and later his lieutenant
348:
337:
327:
315:
299:
292:
279:
272:
260:
255:
225:
220:
216:
188:
171:
159:
139:
116:
112:
102:
92:
84:
77:
67:
57:
49:
42:
30:
23:
3381:Vietnamese Confucianists
2950:Palaces & mausoleums
2731:Nông Văn Vân's Rebellion
2711:Phan Bá Vành's Rebellion
2287:Court of Judicial Review
2064:Great Hanoi Rat Massacre
1294:Lincoln, Martha (2021).
1212:From Nguyễn Đình family
1134:Third rank concubine Lễ
1024:Empress dowager Trang Ý
1012:Second rank Consort Cần
951:Pavillon and lotus pond.
906:
894:Paris International Fair
844:and later he joined the
184:more than 300 concubines
3371:Nguyen dynasty emperors
3305:Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi
3037:Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí
2921:Principality of Hà Tiên
2480:Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau
2094:Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội
1700:Chapuis, Oscar (2000).
1663:Chapuis, Oscar (2000).
1638:Chapuis, Oscar (2000).
1613:Chapuis, Oscar (2000).
1439:Oxford University Press
1420:Oxford University Press
1391:Oxford University Press
1369:Oxford University Press
1350:Oxford University Press
1080:First rank consort Học
1032:Lệ Thiên Anh Hoàng hậu-
886:treaty of Saigon (1874)
766:Treaty of Saigon (1874)
762:Treaty of Saigon (1862)
435:
256:Era name and dates
226:Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm (
3335:Vietnamese nationalism
3027:Đại Nam nhất thống chí
2798:Pacification of Tonkin
2726:Nduai Kabait rebellion
2104:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
2044:French protectorate(s)
1321:Vietnam: A New history
1229:Concubine Lễ's sister
1138:Nguyễn Nhược Thị Bích
1030:Empress Lệ Thiên Anh (
846:anti-French resistance
752:
728:
3068:Imperial Academy, Huế
3015:Society & culture
2439:French administration
2344:Ministry of Education
2157:Abdication of Bảo Đại
1433:Kiernan, Ben (2019).
1414:Kiernan, Ben (2019).
1385:Kiernan, Ben (2019).
1363:Kiernan, Ben (2019).
1344:Kiernan, Ben (2019).
742:
726:
502:Religious suppression
393:Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm
37:Portrait by L.Ruffier
3300:House of Nguyễn Phúc
3073:Imperial examination
2964:Imperial City of Huế
2808:Vue Pa Chay's revolt
2803:Thái Nguyên uprising
2793:Yên Thế Insurrection
2766:Cochinchina campaign
999:Date of birth–death
842:Treaty of Huế (1884)
479:supporters, corrupt
373:[tɨ˧˨ɗɨk̚˧˦]
210:Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Đăng
3285:Domain of the Crown
3175:Colonial currencies
3130:Khải Định Thông Bảo
2987:Thien Tho Mausoleum
2741:Ja Thak Wa uprising
2736:Katip Sumat's Jihad
2706:Ja Lidong rebellion
2324:Imperial Clan Court
2109:Le Travail movement
1980:Sovereign Việt Nam
986:
590:Attempts at reforms
582:Augustin Schoeffler
466:provinces in 1854.
3095:Tonkin Free School
2931:Thủy Xá and Hỏa Xá
2776:Garnier Expedition
2746:Lê Văn Khôi revolt
2505:Michael Hồ Đình Hy
2485:Jean Marie Despiau
1128:Seventh rank lady
985:
753:
729:
551:Michael Hồ Đình Hy
535:Jean-Louis Bonnard
533:Death ceremony of
515:Lê Văn Khôi revolt
452:Christopher Goscha
285:世天亨運至誠達孝體健敦仁謙恭明略睿文
205:Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Kỷ
200:Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Ái
150:Imperial City, Huế
130:Imperial City, Huế
44:Emperor of Đại Nam
3343:
3342:
3190:
3189:
3135:Bảo Đại Thông Bảo
3010:
3009:
2926:Sip Song Chau Tai
2897:
2896:
2889:Trương Minh Giảng
2879:Nguyễn Tri Phương
2823:August Revolution
2658:
2657:
2635:Trương Minh Giảng
2585:Nguyễn Tri Phương
2402:Vietnamese dragon
2170:
2169:
2084:Hanoi Poison Plot
2034:Văn Thân movement
2017:Citadel of Saigon
1938:Empire of Vietnam
1873:
1872:
1761:
1760:
1751:Succeeded by
1590:on 30 August 2010
1509:978-0-295-74205-2
1400:978-0-19005-379-6
1330:978-0-46509-437-0
1305:978-0-755-63618-1
1262:
1261:
1209:Eighth rank lady
1125:Eighth rank lady
1087:Nguyễn Thị Hương
900:'s inauguration.
878:Marie Jules Dupré
690:European conquest
362:
361:
311:
310:
268:): 1847–1883
241:Nguyễn Phúc Thì (
127:22 September 1829
3398:
3120:Tự Đức Thông Bảo
3108:
3107:
3032:Đại Nam thực lục
2954:
2953:
2864:Nguyễn Văn Thành
2859:Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức
2672:Battles and wars
2669:
2668:
2650:Philippe Vannier
2645:Nguyễn Văn Tường
2535:Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức
2530:Nguyễn Trường Tộ
2470:Bạch Xuân Nguyên
2446:Khâm sứ Trung Kỳ
2385:Provincial flags
2181:
2180:
2069:Hanoi Exhibition
2047:(Pháp thuộc, 法屬)
1977:
1976:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1735:Preceded by
1732:
1731:
1723:
1693:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1635:
1629:
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1610:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1574:
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1535:
1529:
1528:
1520:
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1513:
1495:
1489:
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1471:
1470:
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1443:
1442:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1291:
1271:Tự Đức Thông Bảo
1246:Ninth rank lady
1234:Ninth rank lady
1221:Ninth rank lady
1197:Sixth rank lady
1169:From Bùi family
1131:Sixth rank lady
1123:Ninth rank lady
987:
984:
972:
960:
948:
936:
882:Nguyễn Văn Tường
865:
834:
811:
788:
676:Yellow Flag Army
597:Nguyễn Trường Tộ
577:
566:Théophane Vénard
562:
546:
530:
519:Nguyễn Trường Tộ
447:cholera epidemic
390:
389:
375:
370:
218:
217:
146:
126:
124:
35:
21:
20:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3376:People from Huế
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3273:
3247:
3206:
3186:
3170:
3139:
3099:
3056:
3006:
2992:Khiêm Mausoleum
2975:
2945:
2893:
2874:Nguyễn Văn Nhơn
2854:Nguyễn Cư Trinh
2827:
2781:Sino-French War
2771:Tonkin campaign
2654:
2610:Tôn Thất Thuyết
2595:Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ
2580:Phan Thanh Liêm
2575:Phan Thanh Giản
2570:Phan Đình Phùng
2550:Nguyễn Văn Nhơn
2455:
2451:Thống sứ Bắc Kỳ
2434:
2406:
2358:
2270:
2166:
2140:Japanese period
2135:
2046:
2038:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1922:Sovereign state
1910:
1904:
1874:
1869:
1796:
1791:
1757:
1741:
1730:
1712:
1696:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1611:
1607:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1566:
1562:
1551:
1547:
1536:
1532:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1496:
1492:
1481:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1455:
1446:
1431:
1427:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1393:. p. 304.
1383:
1376:
1361:
1357:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1267:
1249:From Lê Family
1163:Concubine Kiệm
1154:From Hồ family
1148:Concubine Thận
1111:From Lê family
1060:Nguyễn Thị Cẩm
983:
976:
973:
964:
961:
952:
949:
940:
937:
909:
872:
866:
857:
840:who signed the
835:
826:
823:Francis Garnier
819:Phan Thanh Giản
812:
803:
800:Battle of Hanoi
789:
768:
758:
721:
711:
698:
692:
669:Black Flag Army
658:Red River Delta
646:White Flag army
627:
592:
585:
578:
569:
563:
554:
547:
538:
531:
510:
504:
472:
443:
438:
413:
397:Nguyễn Phúc Thì
381:
368:
284:
274:Posthumous name
240:
208:
203:
198:
183:
181:Nguyễn Thị Bích
179:
167:
148:
144:
128:
122:
120:
38:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3315:Thoại Hà Canal
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
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3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
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3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3144:Currency units
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3125:Tự Đức Bảo Sao
3122:
3116:
3114:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
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3080:
3070:
3064:
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3055:
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3049:
3044:
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3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2960:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2941:Trấn Tây Thành
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Nguyễn Văn Tồn
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2813:Yên Bái mutiny
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
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2708:
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2698:
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2688:
2687:
2686:
2675:
2673:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Trương Tấn Bửu
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:Trần Trọng Kim
2612:
2607:
2602:
2600:Thoại Ngọc Hầu
2597:
2592:
2590:Thân Văn Nhiếp
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2565:Phạm Thận Duật
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Nguyễn Văn Tồn
2542:
2540:Nguyễn Văn Tâm
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2490:Hoàng Cao Khải
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2457:
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2250:
2244:
2238:
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2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
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2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1986:thời độc lập,
1974:
1970:
1969:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1907:Nguyễn dynasty
1903:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
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1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1746:Nguyễn dynasty
1742:
1736:
1729:
1728:External links
1726:
1725:
1724:
1710:
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1694:
1680:
1673:
1655:
1648:
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1623:
1605:
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1472:
1444:
1441:. p. 306.
1425:
1422:. p. 305.
1406:
1399:
1374:
1371:. p. 290.
1355:
1352:. p. 295.
1336:
1329:
1311:
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1278:
1276:Tự Đức Bảo Sao
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1179:Concubine Tín
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1048:Consort Thiện
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1021:Empress Khiêm
1008:
1007:Consort Trung
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694:Main article:
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401:Nguyễn dynasty
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24:Emperor Tự Đức
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3002:Ứng Mausoleum
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2969:Meridian Gate
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2884:Phan Văn Thúy
2882:
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2839:Hoàng Kế Viêm
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2555:Phan Văn Thúy
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2525:Ngô Đình Khôi
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2515:Ngô Đình Diệm
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1711:0-313-31170-6
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1120:Concubine Lễ
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1038:Võ Thị Duyên
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3278:Other topics
2997:An Mausoleum
2844:Lê Văn Duyệt
2679:Tây Sơn wars
2625:Đặng Huy Trứ
2620:Trần Cao Vân
2520:Ngô Đình Khả
2475:Cao Xuân Dục
2370:Coat of arms
2334:Quốc Tử Giám
2314:Hàn lâm viện
2210:
2119:Phú Riềng Đỏ
1995:Nguyễn lords
1984:(Nhà Nguyễn
1819:
1744:
1701:
1688:
1683:
1664:
1658:
1639:
1633:
1614:
1608:
1599:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1578:
1569:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1524:
1518:
1499:
1493:
1484:
1465:14 September
1463:. Retrieved
1434:
1428:
1415:
1409:
1386:
1364:
1358:
1345:
1339:
1320:
1314:
1295:
1289:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:Palace lady
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:Palace lady
1069:Consort Học
1055:
1052:
1051:Palace lady
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:Palace lady
910:
902:
890:
875:
869:Đặng Huy Trứ
769:
744:
730:
699:
673:
662:
643:
628:
612:
608:Lê Minh Khải
605:
601:
593:
549:Portrait of
511:
497:
473:
456:
444:
429:Confucianism
420:
414:
396:
392:
364:
363:
286:
282:Anh Hoàng đế
281:
197:(childless)
194:
145:(1883-07-19)
143:19 July 1883
18:
3361:1883 deaths
3356:1829 births
2849:Lê Văn Khôi
2630:Trương Định
2354:Viện cơ mật
2267:(1925–1945)
2261:(1916–1925)
2255:(1907–1916)
2249:(1889–1907)
2243:(1885–1889)
2237:(1884–1885)
2231:(1883–1884)
2213:(1847–1883)
2207:(1841–1847)
2201:(1820–1841)
2195:(1802–1820)
2079:Duy Tân Hội
1934:(1883–1945)
1924:(1802–1883)
898:Jules Grévy
777:Trương Định
773:Cochinchina
751:) of Tự Đức
715:Trương Định
639:Tuyên Quang
294:Temple name
93:Predecessor
58:Predecessor
3350:Categories
3112:Cash coins
2560:Phạm Quỳnh
2495:Hoàng Diệu
2460:Prominent
2247:Thành Thái
2241:Đồng Khánh
2176:Government
2000:Đàng Trong
1850:Thành Thái
1845:Đồng Khánh
1282:References
1141:1830–1909
1041:1828–1903
854:Đồng Khánh
802:to France.
792:Hoàng Diệu
760:See also:
713:See also:
709:Rebellions
680:Wu Yazhong
477:Lê dynasty
300:Dực Tông (
212:(adoptive)
207:(adoptive)
202:(adoptive)
165:Khiêm Lăng
123:1829-09-22
3330:Việt gian
3269:Kim Khánh
3202:Hương ước
3061:Education
2936:Trấn Ninh
2462:mandarins
2430:Tổng Trấn
2282:Censorate
2259:Khải Định
2229:Kiến Phúc
2205:Thiệu Trị
2199:Minh Mạng
2124:Việt Minh
2059:Cần Vương
1982:/ Đại Nam
1860:Khải Định
1835:Kiến Phúc
1815:Thiệu Trị
1810:Minh Mạng
1739:Thiệu Trị
915:left him
817:, son of
815:Phan Liêm
684:Pan Lunsi
678:, led by
489:Minh Mạng
481:mandarins
417:Thiệu Trị
411:Biography
332:Thiệu Trị
103:Successor
97:Thiệu Trị
68:Successor
62:Thiệu Trị
3325:Tôn Thất
3211:Treaties
3104:Currency
3047:Khăn vấn
2664:Military
2425:Tuần phủ
2235:Hàm Nghi
2223:Hiệp Hòa
2193:Gia Long
2185:Emperors
2005:Nam tiến
1915:Overview
1840:Hàm Nghi
1830:Hiệp Hòa
1805:Gia Long
1753:Emperor
1737:Emperor
1720:42296168
1265:See also
917:impotent
913:smallpox
756:Treaties
654:Hưng Hóa
606:In 2018
485:Catholic
464:Bắc Ninh
425:Hồng Bảo
357:Buddhism
349:Religion
341:Empress
261:Tự Đức (
175:Empress
2957:Palaces
2510:Lê Chất
2363:Symbols
2349:Nội các
2265:Bảo Đại
2253:Duy Tân
2217:Dục Đức
2074:Đông Du
1988:茹阮𥱯獨立)
1973:History
1865:Bảo Đại
1855:Duy Tân
1825:Dục Đức
1755:Dục Đức
1692:enough"
1601:Tonkin.
1172:?–1893
1034:儷天英皇后)
925:Dục Đức
884:signed
850:Dục Đức
665:Guangxi
460:Sơn Tây
405:Vietnam
395:, also
378:chữ Hán
177:Trang Ý
154:Đại Nam
134:Đại Nam
107:Dục Đức
72:Dục Đức
3244:(1884)
3238:(1883)
3232:(1874)
3230:Saigon
3226:(1863)
3220:(1862)
3218:Saigon
3022:Áo dài
2909:Champa
2420:Đề Đốc
2339:Lục bộ
2225:(1883)
2219:(1883)
2211:Tự Đức
1940:(1945)
1932:Tonkin
1909:topics
1820:Tự Đức
1718:
1708:
1671:
1646:
1621:
1594:9 July
1506:
1397:
1327:
1302:
993:Title
981:Family
734:Saigon
635:Yunnan
630:Tonkin
421:Tự Đức
369:Hanoi:
365:Tự Đức
338:Mother
328:Father
172:Spouse
160:Burial
2980:Tombs
2380:Flags
1194:Lady
1002:Note
996:Name
990:Rank
921:harem
907:Death
796:Hanoi
743:Gold
703:Hanoi
493:Từ Dụ
353:Ruism
343:Từ Dụ
317:House
221:Names
190:Issue
85:Reign
50:Reign
3195:Laws
3166:Tiền
3161:Quán
3156:Mạch
1930:and
1716:OCLC
1706:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1596:2010
1504:ISBN
1467:2021
1395:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1300:ISBN
852:and
764:and
749:Tael
745:lạng
717:and
462:and
436:Rule
195:None
140:Died
117:Born
3259:Bai
3242:Huế
3236:Huế
3224:Huế
3151:Văn
611:of
403:of
287:英皇帝
26:嗣德帝
3352::
1714:.
1598:.
1475:^
1447:^
1437:.
1418:.
1389:.
1377:^
1367:.
1348:.
483:,
380::
376:,
355:,
152:,
132:,
1899:e
1892:t
1885:v
1786:e
1779:t
1772:v
1722:.
1677:.
1652:.
1627:.
1512:.
1469:.
1403:.
1333:.
1308:.
856:.
747:(
584:.
387:德
384:嗣
367:(
307:)
305:宗
302:翼
266:德
263:嗣
251:)
249:時
246:福
243:阮
239:)
237:任
234:洪
231:福
228:阮
125:)
121:(
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