669:, is a process of systems integration where each system is interconnected to each of the remaining subsystems. When observed from the perspective of the subsystem which is being integrated, the connections are reminiscent of a star, but when the overall diagram of the system is presented, the connections look like spaghetti, hence the name of this method. The cost varies because of the interfaces that subsystems are exporting. In a case where the subsystems are exporting heterogeneous or proprietary interfaces, the integration cost can substantially rise. Time and costs needed to integrate the systems increase exponentially when adding additional subsystems. From the feature perspective, this method often seems preferable, due to the extreme flexibility of the reuse of functionality.
681:(ESB) is an integration method in which a specialized subsystem is dedicated to communication between other subsystems. This allows cutting the number of connections (interfaces) to only one per subsystem which will connect directly to the ESB. The ESB is capable of translating the interface into another interface. This allows cutting the costs of integration and provides extreme flexibility. With systems integrated using this method, it is possible to completely replace one subsystem with another subsystem which provides similar functionality but exports different interfaces, all this completely transparent for the rest of the subsystems. The only action required is to implement the new interface between the ESB and the new subsystem.
706:(EAI) systems usually stipulate an application-independent (or common) data format. The EAI system usually provides a data transformation service as well to help convert between application-specific and common formats. This is done in two steps: the adapter converts information from the application's format to the bus' common format. Then, semantic transformations are applied on this (converting zip codes to city names, splitting/merging objects from one application into objects in the other applications, and so on).
659:. The benefit of this method is that the integration is performed quickly and involves only the necessary vendors, therefore, this method is cheaper in the short term. On the other hand, cost-of-ownership can be substantially higher than seen in other methods, since in case of new or enhanced functionality, the only possible way to implement (scale the system) would be by implementing another silo. Reusing subsystems to create another functionality is not possible.
741:, reduce manual user data entry (which can also help reduce errors), refresh or modernize the application's front-end, and offload querying and reporting from expensive operational systems to cheaper commodity systems (which can save costs, enable scalability, and free up processing power on the main operational system). Usually, an extensive
714:
System integration can be challenging for organizations and these challenges can diminish their overall return on investment after implementing new software solutions. Some of these challenges include lack of trust and willingness to share data with other companies, unwillingness to outsource various
690:
is a system integration process that considers four categories or stages of integration: initial system implementation, engineering and design, project services, and operations. This approach incorporates the requirements of each lifecycle stage of the industrial asset when integrating systems and
723:
standards. These challenges result in creating hurdles that "prevent or slow down business systems integration within and among companies". Clear communication and simplified information exchange are key elements in building long term system integrations that can support business requirements.
633:
in such a way "that focuses on increasing value to the customer" (e.g., improved product quality and performance) while at the same time providing value to the company (e.g., reducing operational costs and improving response time). In the modern world connected by
842:
New methods of heating buildings: a research correlation conference conducted by the
Building Research Institute, Division of Engineering and Industrial Research, as one of the programs of the BRI fall conferences, November
732:
On the other hand, system integration projects can be incredibly rewarding. For out-of-date, legacy systems, different forms of integration offer the ability to enable real-time data sharing. This can enable, for example,
715:
operations to a third party, lack of clear communication and responsibilities, disagreement from partners on where functionality should reside, high cost of integration, difficulty finding good talents,
588:
into one system (an aggregation of subsystems cooperating so that the system is able to deliver the overarching functionality) and ensuring that the subsystems function together as a system, and in
684:
The horizontal scheme can be misleading, however, if it is thought that the cost of intermediate data transformation or the cost of shifting responsibility over business logic can be avoided.
638:, the role of system integration engineers is important: more and more systems are designed to connect, both within the system under construction and to systems that are already deployed.
862:
For computer systems, the term "systems integration" has included the plural word "systems" although the singular form has also been used in referring to computer systems.
564:
518:
938:
1176:
485:
755:
557:
337:
1219:
655:") is the process of integrating subsystems according to their functionality by creating functional entities also referred to as
911:
Vonderembse, M.A.; Raghunathan, T.S.; Rao, S.S. (1997). "A post-industrial paradigm: To integrate and automate manufacturing".
475:
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subsystems. The key output is a standardized data architecture that can function throughout the life of the asset.
407:
402:
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536:
1038:"The Value of Data-Centric Execution Architecture in System Integration Frameworks for Industrial Energy Assets"
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Hvolby, Hans-Henrik; Trienekens, Jacques H. (December 2010). "Challenges in business systems integration".
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Moore, June (13 December 1982), "Software
Reviews, BusinessMaster II+, ledger for CP/M systems",
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251:
125:
1076:
Gulledge, Thomas (September 2002). "B2B eMarketplaces and small- and medium-sized enterprises".
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745:
is undertaken to help determine whether an integration project is worth the effort.
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87:
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1015:
Enterprise integration: the essential guide to integration solutions
635:
460:
412:
397:
392:
1331:
1056:
Aircraft/Store Common
Interface Control Document Format Standard
1321:
585:
171:
246:
1149:
976:
OECD e-Government
Studies e-Government for Better Government
1362:
610:
discrete systems utilizing a variety of techniques such as
600:
physically or functionally, to act as a coordinated whole.
480:
698:
is an integration method to avoid every adapter having to
629:
System integration involves integrating existing, often
27:
Bringing together component sub-systems into one system
952:
Merriman, Dan (19 Feb 1996), "Tying it all together",
584:
as the process of bringing together the component sub-
974:
Lau, Edwin (2005), "Multi-channel
Service Delivery",
840:
Gilkey, Herbert T (1960), "New Air
Heating Methods",
906:
904:
737:data distribution models, consolidated databases,
1012:
901:
1570:
1110:
1170:
1150:CSIA (Control System Integrators Association)
1013:Gold-Bernstein, Beth; Ruh, William A (2005),
592:as the process of linking together different
558:
937:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
913:International Journal of Production Research
709:
756:Artificial intelligence systems integration
702:to/from every other applications' formats,
1177:
1163:
890:, InfoWorld Media Group, Inc, p. 31,
727:
565:
551:
641:
1220:Earth systems engineering and management
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951:
1184:
1008:
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1004:
1002:
865:
14:
1571:
839:
519:Electrical and electronics engineering
1158:
956:, IDG Network World Inc, p. 51,
885:
999:
967:
945:
973:
879:
833:
24:
704:Enterprise application integration
616:enterprise application integration
25:
1605:
1255:Sociocultural Systems Engineering
1143:
445:Standards and bodies of knowledge
688:Industrial lifecycle integration
1104:
1069:
1048:
875:, Georgia State University OECD
537:Outline of software development
1337:Systems development life cycle
1230:Enterprise systems engineering
1205:Biological systems engineering
1030:
873:CIS 8020 – Systems Integration
856:
13:
1:
1296:System of systems engineering
1210:Cognitive systems engineering
1125:10.1016/j.compind.2010.07.006
1090:10.1016/s0166-3615(02)00058-1
826:
776:Integration Competency Center
7:
1373:Quality function deployment
1286:Verification and validation
978:, Paris: OECD, p. 52,
748:
620:business process management
10:
1610:
1235:Health systems engineering
796:Multidisciplinary approach
739:event-driven architectures
300:Software quality assurance
1553:
1502:
1406:
1383:Systems Modeling Language
1345:
1304:
1263:
1192:
710:Challenges of integration
1398:Work breakdown structure
1276:Functional specification
1271:Requirements engineering
1215:Configuration management
285:Configuration management
1245:Reliability engineering
1240:Performance engineering
925:10.1080/002075497194679
761:Cloud-based integration
728:Benefits of integration
509:Artificial intelligence
1520:Industrial engineering
1225:Electrical engineering
1042:Vista Projects Limited
771:Continuous integration
678:Enterprise Service Bus
673:Horizontal integration
653:horizontal integration
642:Methods of integration
590:information technology
433:Infrastructure as code
279:Supporting disciplines
1454:Arthur David Hall III
1424:Benjamin S. Blanchard
1200:Aerospace engineering
1113:Computers in Industry
1078:Computers in Industry
1058:, SAE International,
743:cost-benefit analysis
667:spaghetti integration
598:software applications
290:Deployment management
1545:Software engineering
1515:Computer engineering
781:Integration platform
766:Configuration design
735:publisher-subscriber
648:Vertical integration
110:Paradigms and models
39:Software development
1589:Systems engineering
1525:Operations research
1510:Control engineering
1479:Joseph Francis Shea
1186:Systems engineering
612:computer networking
33:Part of a series on
1579:System integration
1535:Quality management
1530:Project management
1358:Function modelling
1281:System integration
1250:Safety engineering
1017:, Addison Wesley,
806:Systems integrator
696:common data format
578:System integration
428:Release automation
305:Project management
18:System Integration
1566:
1565:
1489:Manuela M. Veloso
1429:Wernher von Braun
816:System in package
631:disparate systems
605:system integrator
575:
574:
466:ISO/IEC standards
16:(Redirected from
1601:
1594:Interoperability
1584:Systems analysis
1494:John N. Warfield
1464:Robert E. Machol
1393:Systems modeling
1388:Systems analysis
1327:System lifecycle
1312:Business process
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919:(9): 2579–2600.
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820:system on a chip
801:System of record
786:Interoperability
665:, also known as
663:Star integration
651:(as opposed to "
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514:Computer science
423:Build automation
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1434:Kathleen Carley
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1378:System dynamics
1353:Decision-making
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1317:Fault tolerance
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1469:Radhika Nagpal
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1144:External links
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1119:(9): 808–812.
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985:9789264018334
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954:Network World
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413:UML Modeling
408:GUI designer
73:Construction
63:Requirements
624:programming
582:engineering
131:Prototyping
126:Incremental
98:Maintenance
78:Engineering
1573:Categories
1474:Simon Ramo
827:References
717:data silos
622:or manual
608:integrates
503:Glossaries
93:Deployment
1264:Processes
1193:Subfields
1133:0166-3615
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994:224889830
962:0887-7661
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888:InfoWorld
594:computing
322:Practices
146:Waterfall
121:Cleanroom
88:Debugging
58:Processes
1558:Category
1305:Concepts
749:See also
636:Internet
531:Outlines
461:ISO 9001
403:Profiler
398:Debugger
393:Compiler
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586:systems
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471:PMBOK
386:Tools
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603:The
486:IREB
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328:ATDD
237:SAFe
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182:DSDM
1121:doi
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675:or
491:OMG
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363:SBE
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333:BDD
257:TSP
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