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Neuchâtel and Lake Biel have the highest mean temperature of about +1 °C. At the same height as AMSL, the temperature is decreasing towards the east. In the Lake
Constance region, the mean temperature of the coldest month is -1 °C. In July, the mean temperature of Geneva is 20 °C, alongside the southern edge of the Jura it is 18 – 20 °C, and in higher regions 16 – 18 °C. With regard to mean sunshine duration, the Lake Geneva region is again advantaged with more than 1900 hours, whereas in the rest of the Swiss Plateau, it is between 1600 (especially in the east) and 1900 hours.
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925:
1203:, the plateau is the most important region of Switzerland. The traditional textile industries are situated especially in the central and eastern regions. During the last decades, however, it lost importance. Today's most important industries are the machine industry, the automotive industry, the electrical industry, the fine & micro mechanical, watch & electronic industries, next to the optical and metal construction. The food industry processes domestic as well as foreign produces. Furthermore, wood processing and paper converting are also important.
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865:, a cold wind from the northeast. Since it is channelled by the Swiss Plateau narrowing in the southwest, it reaches its major strength in the Lake Geneva region where wind speeds of 60 km/h with top speeds of more than 100 km/h are usual in typical bise weather. The regions near the Alps of the central and eastern plateau sometimes have temperature rises due to the warm
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736:('lake land'), characterized by the Murten, Neuchâtel and Biel lakes, represents the biggest plain of the Swiss Plateau, though it is also interrupted by isolated molasse ranges. In the east, it is neighboured by various hill countries the height of which decreases to the north. Another major plain is the
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Compared to the Swiss Alps, the plateau, and especially the rural plateau, is less geared towards tourism. It serves as a transit region. Visitors mainly come to see the major towns and cities with their historical sights and attractions, especially the Old Towns of Bern and
Lucerne, but also ZĂĽrich,
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Even though the Swiss
Plateau forms a basin, it is by no means a flat territory, but depending on the region, it has a manifold structure. Important elements are the two big lakes, Lake Geneva and Lake Constance that delimit the Swiss Plateau in the southwest and the northeast. The western plateau is
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The railway network is very dense. All major cities are connected, and between Olten and
Lausanne, there are two main lines: One passing over Bern and Fribourg, the other passing over the edge of the Jura with Solothurn, Biel, Neuchâtel and Yverdon-les-Bains. The train ride from Zürich to Bern takes
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Even though the Swiss
Plateau takes only about 30% of the surface of Switzerland, 5 million people live there, which constitutes more than two-thirds of the Swiss population. The population density is 380 people per square kilometre. All the Swiss cities with more than 50 000 inhabitants except
851:
In the winter half-year, the air on the Swiss
Plateau can stay still, with little exchange for the rest of the atmosphere, building a lake of cold air on the plateau and often a ceiling of high fog. The clouds look like an ocean of fog when seen from above, (usually around 800m) and hence are called
838:
The Swiss
Plateau is situated within a transition zone between humid oceanic climate and continental temperate climate. The predominant wind comes from the west. In the lower plateau, the mean annual temperature is about 9 – 10 °C. In January, the Lake Geneva region and the watersides of lake
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Traces of the older GĂĽnz and Mindel glaciation are only left in a few places because most have been removed or transferred by the later glaciations. The greatest extension was reached by the glaciers of the Riss glaciation, when the entire Swiss
Plateau was covered with ice except for the Napf and
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in the early 19th century, cities became more and more important. In 1860 a drastic population growth of the cities started which lasted for about 100 years. In the 1970s, however, outmigration from the cities started. The municipalities surrounding the cities grew disproportionately, whereas the
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Because of the comparatively easy topography and the dense population, the transport network is highly developed. The most important transversal, so to speak the backbone of the Swiss
Plateau, is the A1 motorway that connects all the big cities going from Geneva over Lausanne, Bern, ZĂĽrich and
465:
plateau somewhat inclined to the south. Through processes of rising and lowering that were brought by the folding of the Alps, the area was twice flooded by a sea. The corresponding sediments are distinguished as sea molasse and freshwater molasse, even though the latter consists rather of
192:. Usually, the rising of the terrain to altitudes above 1500 metres AMSL (lime Alps, partly sub-alpine molasse), which is very abrupt in certain places, is taken as a criterion for delimitation. Occasionally the regions of the higher Swiss Plateau, especially the hills of the
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Gravel deposits in the bottoms of the valleys are another testimonial of the glaciation. During the advances and withdrawals of the glaciers, gravel layers were deposited in the valleys, sometimes quite thick, though most of it eroded in the subsequent
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Like all of
Switzerland, there are few mineral resources. Thanks to the Ice Age glaciers, there is plenty of gravel and clay. The gravel digging in the Ice Age gravel terraces all over the Swiss Plateau covers the demands of the construction industry.
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because the temperature below the fog is lower than the temperature above. Sometimes, it lasts for days or even for weeks, during which the neighbouring regions of the Alps and the Jura can have the brightest sunshine. Typical for the high
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The annual average rainfall is between 800 millimetres near the Jura, 1200 millimetres in the higher regions and 1400 millimetres at the edge of the Alps. The driest regions of the plateau are in the lee of the High Jura between
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from the central crystalline Alps. Taken together, they were one of the clues that led to the substantiation of the glaciation theory in the 19th century since transport by water or by volcanism was physically impossible.
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is the largest mixed deciduous and coniferous forest in the plateau, and includes the Sihl forest and Langenberg, the oldest Swiss wildlife park. The park covers approximately 12 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi).
695:. Therefore, many valleys have characteristic terraces, the lower terraces consisting of WĂĽrm glaciation gravel, the higher terraces of Riss glaciation terraces. Sometimes, there is also gravel from older glaciations.
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A look at a map still reveals the directions where the ice age glaciers ran. The farthest expansion of the RhĂ´ne Glacier to the northeast is indicated by way the western Swiss Plateau valleys trend: The valleys of the
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In the following time, especially the western part of the plateau was again significantly risen, so that in this area, the sediments of the upper sweetwater molasse and the upper sea molasse have been largely eroded.
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region (up to 1300 meters AMSL), both of them the remains of Tertiary conglomerate sediment fans. Since they were not glaciated, they have only been eroded by water, resulting in a dense net of deep, narrow valleys.
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to the Fribourg Alps. The cities of Biel/Bienne, Murten and Fribourg are officially bilingual. Localities along the language border usually use both names, the German and the French one, officially interchangeable.
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and Neuchâtel. In the warmest regions at the lakes of Geneva and Neuchâtel, there are less than 20 days with a snow cover, whereas, in the rest of the plateau, it is between 20 and 40, depending on the height.
511:(about 16 - 2 million years ago): The sea receded as the formation of the Napf and Hörnli fans continued (along with other minor fans). At the end of this period, the thickness reached about 1500 meters.
2521:
551:), huge glaciers penetrated the Swiss Plateau. During the warm interglacials, the glaciers receded to the high alps (sometimes more than today) and subtropical vegetation spread in the plateau.
369:. Its depth gradually decreases from about 2.5 km in the west to 0.8 km in the east. These layers, like the ones of the Jura Mountains, were deposited in a relatively shallow sea, the
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The eroded material has been sorted by grain size. The coarse material was predominantly deposited near the Alps. In the middle of the plateau, there are finer sandstones and near the Jura,
1069:. Regions of the higher Swiss Plateau like the Jorat region, the Napf region or the Töss region are comparatively scarcely populated with little farming villages and scattered farms.
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many towns were founded, especially in the climatically more favoured lower plateau. In 1500 there were already 130 towns, connected by a dense road network. With the rise of
160:. It covers about 30% of the Swiss surface area, and is partly flat but mostly hilly. The average height is between 400 metres (1,300 ft) and 700 metres (2,300 ft)
416:
of the concurrently uplifted mountains. The thickness of the molasse increases from west to east (at the same distance from the Alps). The former alpine rivers built huge
1057:. The agglomerations of these cities are the most populous areas. Other densely populated areas are located at the south edge next to the Jura, and the agglomerations of
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in many places, though the Norway spruce naturally only grows in the mountains. In certain favoured spots that are warmer and drier, in the Lake Geneva region, in the
489:. The sediments consisted of fine-grained sands, clay and marl. There were no conglomerate fans since the proper Alpine folding began only at the end of that period.
602:
Töss regions. Most notable are the traces of the Würm glaciation about 15 000 years ago. The end moraines of different glacial retreats have been conserved.
354:). Around 2500 – 3000 metres below the surface, but considerably deeper near the Alps, the drillings have hit the crystalline basement. It is covered by unfolded
635:. The glaciers of the Reuss and the Limmat have carved the valleys of the central Swiss Plateau that trend northwest (among others including the valleys of the
212:
region are considered to form the Swiss Alpine foreland in a narrow sense. However, if a division into the three main regions Jura Mountains, Swiss Plateau and
495:(around 30 - 22 million years ago): The sea receded because of uplift, but also because of a worldwide lowering of the mean sea level. The initiation of the
720:
molasse hills (up to 900 meters AMSL) but is sometimes intersected by deep valleys. Only near the Jura, there is an almost continuous dip consisting of the
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The forests in the Swiss Plateau are used in forestry. There are many Norway Spruce forestations, often in monoculture because of their valuable timber.
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The central Swiss Plateau is characterised by a number of ranges and broad valleys, some of them with lakes, that run northwest. The last of them is the
505:(around 22 - 16 million years ago): For a second time, a shallow sea invaded. The formation of the conglomerate fans of the Napf and of the Hörnli began.
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250:
Within Switzerland, the Swiss Plateau has a length of about 300 kilometres (190 mi), and its width increases from the west to the east: In the
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Numerous hydroelectric power plants in the rivers produce electricity. All four Swiss nuclear power plants are situated on the plateau.
1959:
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Geologically, the Swiss Plateau is part of a larger basin that extends beyond the border of Switzerland. At its southwestern end, in
2110:
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has been stable for many centuries even though it falls neither on a geographical nor on a political delimitation. It passes from
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The contemporary landscape of the Swiss Plateau has been shaped by the ice age glaciers. During all the known alpine glaciations (
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settled in the central and eastern portions. The language border between French and German dialects originated in this contrast.
570:
glacier split into two branches when leaving the Alps, covering the whole western Swiss Plateau and reaching today's regions of
2196:
1954:
485:(around 37 - 30 million years ago): The limestone plateau subsided gradually, and a shallow sea invaded, spreading east to the
2201:
2044:
1919:
1258:, an underground cargo transport system those first phase of about 70 kilometres (43 mi) is planned by the early 2030s.
216:
is considered, the Alpine foreland belongs clearly to the Swiss Plateau. In the southwest, the Swiss Plateau is confined by
100:
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range forms a bar from the Alps to the Jura that the major transportations bypass only in a few places, mostly in tunnels.
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and subsequent folding and uplift resulted in rapid erosion accompanied by the deposition of the first conglomerate fans.
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1914:
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164:. It is by far the most densely populated region of Switzerland, the center of economy and important transportation.
119:
79:
964:, and it remained Roman until the end of the 3rd century. The most important Roman cities in the Swiss Plateau were
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which are found all over the Swiss Plateau. These rocks, sometimes of enormous size, are of alien stones, mostly
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where Jura and Alps meet. On the other side of Lake Constance, the plateau continues in the German and Austrian
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2374:
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2083:
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1944:
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north of the Thur, and the hilly ranges between the Thur and the Murg. This area is colloquially also known as
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53:
2354:
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2009:
1969:
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cities themselves lost inhabitants. In recent times the outmigration has moved farther away from the cities.
17:
2171:
1949:
1597:
1592:
1464:
68:
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2412:
2369:
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1999:
1964:
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Biel/Bienne, St. Gallen, Fribourg, Geneva and Lausanne. An important natural touristic attraction is the
1219:
Winterthur to St. Gallen. The A2, the Swiss north-south axis, crosses the plateau from Olten to Luzern.
956:. The Swiss Plateau became a part of the Roman Empire in 15 BC when the Romans occupied the land of the
917:
2579:
2349:
2156:
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2004:
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1179:
production is predominant in the eastern plateau and in the higher regions. Especially in the Thurgau,
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1111:
Thanks to the favourable climate and fertile grounds, the lower western plateau is the most important
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2334:
2319:
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advanced sometimes as well until the Jura. The glaciers formed the land by erosion, but also by base
1322:
1309:
554:
2447:
2314:
2251:
2236:
2021:
1939:
1876:
1690:
1629:
1200:
598:(very fine stone meal) often several meters thick, and by the meltwater streams depositing gravel.
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include a part in the Swiss Plateau. Entirely situated within the Swiss Plateau are the cantons of
2506:
2284:
2216:
1987:
1607:
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and in the northern plateau between the Aare orifice and Schaffhausen, the predominant trees are
853:
46:
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2399:
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1929:
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1822:
1752:
1737:
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318:
262:
1802:
655:). The Rhine Glacier has mostly left traces that trend west: The eastern Swiss Plateau of the
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about 50 kilometres (31 mi) and in eastern Switzerland about 70 kilometres (43 mi).
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2120:
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343:
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snails, shells and shark teeth, whereas in the sweetwater molasse, fossils of typical land
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314:
161:
93:
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appeared in the 3rd century BC. Urban settlements with stone houses were built during the
924:
8:
2432:
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1827:
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one hour; crossing the entire Swiss Plateau from St. Gallen to Geneva takes four hours.
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The geological layers of the Swiss Plateau are relatively well known. The base level is
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region and in the region between the eastern lake Geneva and the middle reaches of the
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193:
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536:
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In the north and northwest, the Swiss Plateau is sharply delimited geographically and
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1020:
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471:
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of the base moraine, often clustered, especially in the highlands of ZĂĽrich, in the
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1832:
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310:
274:
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The dominating vegetation in the Swiss Plateau is a mixed broadleaf forest with
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The eastern Swiss Plateau is structured by the valleys of the Limmat (including
2437:
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near Schaffhausen. The lakes also attract tourists, and then there are several
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721:
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of sediment at the foot of the mountains. The most important examples are the
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2427:
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775:
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461:, around 60 – 40 million years ago, the area of today's Swiss Plateau was a
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2379:
1241:
953:
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741:
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region (with 1408 me AMSL the highest point of the Swiss Plateau) and the
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hill, the main watershed between RhĂ´ne and Rhine, at only 500 m AMSL. The
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region, in the Lake Constance region and between the Reuss Valley and the
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and former subtropical vegetation (for instance palm leaves) are found.
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Geologically the most important layer of the Swiss Plateau is the thick
240:
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1709:
1522:
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A majority is German-speaking, though the west is French-speaking. The
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Valley and Lake Constance. In certain places, there are characteristic
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Two hill countries get out of line with the mentioned landscapes: The
1807:
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941:
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sequence that accumulated at the border of the Alps due to the rapid
382:
301:; small portions of the Swiss Plateau are situated in the cantons of
209:
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703:
425:
35:
2442:
1812:
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The two most important Swiss airports are situated on the plateau,
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are very important, too. Along the northern shores of the lakes of
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929:
881:
455:
362:
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and ZĂĽrich are scheduled as one of the eight hubs of the proposed
136:
Satellite image of the Swiss Plateau between the Jura and the Alps
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945:
729:
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which outcrops in the central crystalline Alps as well as in the
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172:
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1857:
1842:
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1101:
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1038:
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Much of the eastern part of the plateau has become part of the
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834:
View from the Rigi on the sea of fog covering the Swiss Plateau
683:
664:
652:
644:
587:
524:
520:
394:
282:
251:
232:
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277:; mostly situated within the Swiss Plateau are the cantons of
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1116:
1034:
901:
897:
760:
640:
612:
591:
575:
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225:
132:
1852:
1433:"Das wird die Logistik in der Schweiz auf den Kopf stellen"
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632:
559:
448:
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that trend all northeast, parallel to the Jura and to the
928:
The densely populated Swiss Plateau: view of ZĂĽrich from
893:
858:
1240:
capital of Switzerland, Bern, has only a small airport,
397:
and glacial sediments that have been transported by the
1004:. After the retreat of the Roman Empire, the romanized
1358:. KĂĽmmerly + Frey, Geographischer Verlag, Bern, 1992.
748:
collects all the rivers that come down from the Alps.
176:
View from the Pilatus on the Swiss Plateau near Luzern
2577:
944:, starting with the banks of lakes and rivers. Major
254:region, it is about 30 kilometres (19 mi), at
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
188:. In the south, there is no clear border with the
2645:
794:. Between them there are hill countries, in the
744:runs. In a broad valley alongside the Jura, the
350:in the Swiss Plateau and in the Jura (see also
1008:occupied the western Swiss Plateau, while the
1538:
1509:
1503:
1497:
578:. In the region of Bern, it merged with the
1354:François Jeanneret und Franz Auf der Maur:
2522:Cultural Property of National Significance
1545:
1531:
1450:
1425:
940:Humans began to settle the plateau in the
825:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1552:
1265:
1188:
1096:
1041:are situated in the plateau, especially
1000:). They were well connected by a net of
935:
923:
911:
852:the 'nebelmeer'. This weather is called
829:
750:
716:plateau (up to 600 meters AMSL) and the
702:
553:
519:A characteristic of the sea molasses is
171:
148:is one of the three major landscapes in
131:
674:Another reminder of the glaciation are
14:
2646:
1373:. Neue ZĂĽrcher Zeitung, ZĂĽrich, 2004.
1526:
605:
1516:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
373:. Above the Mesozoic layers, is the
329:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1369:Andre Odermatt und Daniel Wachter:
728:valleys which are separated by the
24:
1115:. The most important cultures are
1113:agricultural region of Switzerland
562:region in the higher Swiss Plateau
393:. The uppermost layer consists of
25:
2675:
1486:
1213:
884:, there are major plantations of
798:also the broad molasse ranges of
755:Central Swiss Plateau near Sursee
2599:
2587:
1680:
1371:Schweiz, eine moderne Geographie
707:The Swiss Plateau near Muri (AG)
34:
802:(lit.: 'back of the lake') and
763:range, which together with the
45:needs additional citations for
2040:President of the Confederation
1392:
13:
1:
1385:
1333:
1194:Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant
907:
698:
990:or, by its Celtic name, and
167:
27:Plateau in the European Alps
7:
1316:
530:
10:
2680:
1356:Der grosse Schweizer Atlas
1343:. Ott Verlag, Thun, 2004.
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1092:
324:
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1995:
1986:
1902:
1728:
1702:
1698:
1689:
1678:
1573:
1564:
566:During the ice ages, the
2654:Geography of Switzerland
2000:Administrative divisions
1887:list of cities and towns
1027:
918:ZĂĽrich Metropolitan Area
509:Upper freshwater molasse
493:Lower freshwater molasse
365:, which are part of the
2664:Forestry in Switzerland
2197:Pharmaceutical industry
1232:Geneva Cointrin Airport
1183:(apples) is important.
988:Colonia Iulia Equestris
810:(lit.: 'Cider India').
220:, in the northeast, by
2659:Regions of Switzerland
2202:Science and technology
2045:Federal administration
1419:
1411:
1403:
1328:History of Switzerland
1323:BrĂĽnig-Napf-Reuss line
1310:ZĂĽrich Wilderness Park
1274:
1196:
1108:
932:
921:
835:
826:Climate and vegetation
756:
708:
582:. The glaciers of the
563:
263:cantons of Switzerland
235:, the plateau, in the
177:
137:
1269:
1242:Bern Belpmoos Airport
1192:
1100:
948:were built after the
936:History of settlement
927:
915:
833:
754:
706:
557:
474:sediments (a kind of
344:Vosges mountain range
175:
135:
2527:World Heritage Sites
1458:"Wildnispark Zurich"
1404:Schweizer Mittelland
1341:Geologie der Schweiz
1159:, as well as in the
1135:; especially in the
487:Carpathian Mountains
336:crystalline basement
204:region, the (lower)
152:, lying between the
54:improve this article
2626: /
2325:Firearms regulation
1894:Statistical regions
1703:Physiographic areas
1437:Limmattaler Zeitung
960:under the reign of
208:, and parts of the
2290:Capital punishment
2222:Telecommunications
2116:Popular initiative
1470:on 1 February 2014
1420:altopiano svizzero
1304:hydrothermal vents
1302:, thanks to their
1275:
1256:Cargo Sous Terrain
1197:
1109:
933:
922:
836:
757:
709:
606:Glacial landscapes
564:
432:fans exist in the
194:canton of Fribourg
178:
138:
2575:
2574:
2535:
2534:
2345:Human trafficking
2267:
2266:
2134:
2133:
2111:Political parties
2104:Council of States
2027:Foreign relations
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1339:Toni P. Labhart:
1296:Yverdon-les-Bains
1171:. Grassland with
1021:industrialisation
796:canton of Thurgau
541:Mindel glaciation
503:Upper sea molasse
483:Lower sea molasse
346:but forms a deep
330:Geological layers
130:
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1993:
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549:WĂĽrm glaciation
545:Riss glaciation
537:GĂĽnz glaciation
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1513:in the online
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1487:External links
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1412:plateau suisse
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1593:Early history
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1435:(in German).
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1349:3-7225-6762-9
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693:interglacials
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142:Swiss Plateau
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81:
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:Swiss plateau
2611:
2500:National Day
2423:Coat of arms
2413:Architecture
2380:Swiss people
2370:Prostitution
2340:Homelessness
2310:Demographics
2295:Conscription
2232:Trade unions
2167:Central bank
2052:Human rights
2005:Constitution
1730:Subdivisions
1714:
1665:list of wars
1567:Major topics
1566:
1514:
1492:
1472:. Retrieved
1465:the original
1452:
1441:. Retrieved
1439:. 2016-01-26
1427:
1394:
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995:
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987:
981:
975:
969:
965:
954:Roman Empire
939:
889:
871:
850:
841:
837:
812:
807:
803:
769:
758:
737:
714:Gros-de-Vaud
710:
689:
673:
669:Lake Baldegg
609:
600:
565:
534:
518:
514:
508:
502:
492:
482:
475:
453:
446:
442:Saane/Sarine
424:fan and the
407:
379:conglomerate
371:Tethys Ocean
340:Black Forest
333:
319:Schaffhausen
260:
249:
230:
200:region, the
182:geologically
179:
145:
141:
139:
116:
110:January 2020
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2633: /
2606:Switzerland
2473:Röstigraben
2350:Immigration
2157:Agriculture
2031:Government
1915:Earthquakes
1640:Restoration
1625:Reformation
1588:Enlargement
1554:Switzerland
1272:Rhine Falls
1169:viticulture
1167:, there is
1106:Lake Geneva
1078:Biel/Bienne
1017:Middle Ages
1015:During the
1006:Burgundians
1002:Roman roads
878:silver firs
772:Lake Zurich
765:Heitersberg
621:Lake Murten
619:as well as
580:Aar Glacier
454:During the
430:sedimentary
428:fan; other
348:geosyncline
218:Lake Geneva
150:Switzerland
2648:Categories
2480:Literature
2335:Healthcare
2320:Euthanasia
2300:Corruption
2212:Swiss made
2191:(currency)
2094:Parliament
2089:Neutrality
1710:Swiss Alps
1650:World wars
1613:RĂĽtli Oath
1493:Mittelland
1443:2016-01-29
1386:References
1334:Literature
1280:Rhine Fall
1252:Niederbipp
1141:vegetables
1129:sugar beet
1067:St. Gallen
1063:Winterthur
992:Noviodunum
977:Vindonissa
908:Population
867:foehn wind
808:Mostindien
790:, and the
740:where the
699:Topography
451:and marl.
315:St. Gallen
239:, ends at
206:Toggenburg
158:Swiss Alps
80:newspapers
2594:Geography
2448:Languages
2315:Education
2237:Transport
2179:Companies
2022:Elections
1960:Mountains
1940:Hydrology
1877:Districts
1691:Geography
1598:Roman era
1284:spa towns
1248:Härkingen
1149:Neuchâtel
966:Auenticum
942:Neolithic
854:inversion
804:Ottenberg
800:SeerĂĽcken
738:Wasseramt
629:Lake Biel
572:Solothurn
383:sandstone
363:sediments
303:Neuchâtel
287:Solothurn
210:Appenzell
168:Geography
2562:Category
2507:Religion
2443:Helvetia
2438:Folklore
2355:Pensions
2285:Abortion
2217:Taxation
2079:Military
1988:Politics
1935:Glaciers
1903:By topic
1583:Timeline
1558:articles
1317:See also
1237:de facto
1201:industry
1165:Klettgau
1086:Fribourg
1051:Lausanne
1010:Alamanni
983:Windisch
971:Avenches
962:Augustus
958:Helvetii
930:Waidberg
882:forestry
724:and the
661:drumlins
651:and the
615:and the
596:moraines
590:and the
531:Ice ages
456:Tertiary
403:ice ages
399:glaciers
360:Mesozoic
352:Jurassic
342:and the
295:Fribourg
245:Pre-Alps
241:Chambéry
237:Genevois
224:and the
156:and the
2618:47°07′N
2580:Portals
2546:Outline
2517:Symbols
2468:Romansh
2463:Italian
2428:Cuisine
2400:Culture
2385:Welfare
2365:Poverty
2360:Prisons
2273:Society
2227:Tourism
2162:Banking
2140:Economy
1945:Islands
1930:Forests
1910:Climate
1738:Cantons
1575:History
1510:Italian
1416:Italian
1300:Zurzach
1262:Tourism
1137:Seeland
1093:Economy
1059:Lucerne
994:(today
980:(today
968:(today
890:Seeland
861:is the
774:), the
734:Seeland
730:Mormont
680:granite
525:mammals
468:fluvial
414:erosion
410:molasse
401:of the
375:Molasse
325:Geology
279:Lucerne
271:Thurgau
184:by the
94:scholar
2621:7°22′E
2567:Portal
2458:French
2453:German
2418:Cinema
2408:Anthem
2330:Health
2189:Franc
2184:Energy
2121:Voting
2010:Courts
1970:Rivers
1618:Growth
1556:
1504:French
1498:German
1474:9 June
1408:French
1400:German
1377:
1362:
1347:
1234:. The
1153:Bienne
1145:Geneva
1133:potato
1121:barley
1102:Lavaux
1082:Murten
1055:ZĂĽrich
1047:Geneva
1039:Lugano
946:oppida
880:. For
845:Morges
792:Sitter
786:, the
782:, the
778:, the
722:Venoge
684:gneiss
665:Hirzel
653:Limmat
647:, the
645:Seetal
643:, the
639:, the
637:Wigger
627:, and
588:Limmat
586:, the
521:fossil
472:eolian
426:Hörnli
395:gravel
356:strata
311:Schwyz
283:Aargau
275:Geneva
267:ZĂĽrich
252:Geneva
233:France
196:, the
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2553:Index
2512:Sport
2490:Music
2485:Media
2390:Women
2305:Crime
1965:Parks
1950:Lakes
1925:Fauna
1468:(PDF)
1461:(PDF)
1288:Baden
1181:fruit
1157:Morat
1125:maize
1117:wheat
1080:over
1035:Basel
1028:Today
950:Celts
902:maple
898:tilia
776:Glatt
761:Albis
718:Jorat
649:Reuss
641:Suhre
617:Glâne
613:Broye
592:Rhine
584:Reuss
576:Aarau
568:RhĂ´ne
463:Karst
449:clays
391:shale
261:Many
226:Rhine
101:JSTOR
87:books
2433:Flag
2252:road
2247:rail
2057:LGBT
1507:and
1495:in
1476:2013
1375:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1345:ISBN
1298:and
1270:The
1230:and
1177:beef
1175:and
1163:and
1131:and
1104:and
1084:and
1065:and
1053:and
1043:Bern
1037:and
997:Nyon
900:and
876:and
863:bise
819:Töss
815:Napf
788:Thur
784:Murg
780:Töss
746:Aare
742:Emme
726:Orbe
682:and
657:Thur
633:Alps
574:and
560:Napf
558:The
547:and
470:and
434:Rigi
422:Napf
418:fans
389:and
387:marl
317:and
299:Vaud
297:and
291:Bern
273:and
256:Bern
214:Alps
202:Töss
198:Napf
190:Alps
162:AMSL
140:The
73:news
2242:air
2069:Law
986:),
974:),
894:oak
859:fog
478:).
358:of
307:Zug
144:or
56:by
2650::
1868:ZH
1863:ZG
1858:VS
1853:VD
1848:UR
1843:TI
1838:TG
1833:SZ
1828:SO
1823:SH
1818:SG
1813:OW
1808:NW
1803:NE
1798:LU
1793:JU
1788:GR
1783:GL
1778:GE
1773:FR
1768:BS
1763:BL
1758:BE
1753:AR
1748:AG
1743:AI
1501:,
1418::
1414:;
1410::
1406:;
1402::
1306:.
1294:,
1290:,
1286:,
1244:.
1155:,
1151:,
1147:,
1139:,
1127:,
1123:,
1119:,
1061:,
1049:,
1045:,
904:.
896:,
869:.
671:.
623:,
543:,
539:,
444:.
405:.
385:,
381:,
321:.
313:,
309:,
305:,
293:,
289:,
285:,
281:,
269:,
247:.
228:.
2582::
1546:e
1539:t
1532:v
1519:.
1478:.
1446:.
1422:)
1398:(
1381:.
1366:.
1351:.
920:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
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50:.
20:)
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