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40–50 years of age, and then begins to peel off the trunk around the age of 70-80. It is then replaced by another layer of bark, which will begin to peel at around 130–150 years. The third layer will peel when the tree has reached 200–210 years and achieved "old growth" status. This will continue to occur as long as the tree lives, but the individual bark layers become indiscernible after roughly 250 years of age.
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has been confirmed to be 368 years old, and the species may live even longer in an undisturbed ancient forest. Due to the cracking and developing of bark plates, a rough age estimate can be determined by how many bark layers a tree has. Generally the tree's smooth young bark begins to split around
336:
reaching 30 m (98 ft) tall, exceptionally to 35 metres (115 ft) with a trunk up to 60 cm (2.0 ft) diameter. Heights of 50 feet (15 m) to 80 feet (24 m) are more typical. In younger trees the bark is characteristic of most
353:(unlike the more commonly known birches) develops vertical cracks into irregular scaly plates revealing rough dark brown bark patterns. This, however, only occurs in mature, or ancient, trees and these specimens are not often identified by the public as
357:
due to the difference between the tree's smooth young bark (which the public is most familiar with) and the tree's rough, cracked and plated mature bark. The twigs, when scraped, have a strong scent of wintergreen due to
385:
packed between the catkin bracts. Seed production mainly occurs in trees that are between 40 and 200 years old, although light crops may occur as early as 15 years and as long as the tree lives.
458:
Black birch was once harvested extensively to produce oil of wintergreen, the tree was borderline endangered until the 1950s-60s when synthetic oil of wintergreen appeared.
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are alternate, ovate, 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) long and 4 to 8 cm (1.6–3.1 in) broad, with a finely serrated margin. The
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Black birch seeds at a prolific rate and quickly colonizes disturbed areas. In the
Northeastern US in the 1980s, infestations of
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with a
Discussion of the Significance of Soil Nesting in the Evolution of Megachilid Bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)".
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sap, and much faster. The trees can be tapped in a similar fashion, but must be gathered about three times more often.
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Eickwort, George C.; Matthews, Robert W.; Carpenter, James (1981). "Observations on the
Nesting Behavior of
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The inner bark can be eaten raw as an emergency food. The twigs and inner bark can be steeped to make tea.
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2.5–3 cm (0.98–1.2 in) long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The
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The leaves of this species serve as food for some caterpillars and the solitary leaf-cutter bee
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The wood of black birch is heavy at 47 pounds per cubic foot and is used for furniture,
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is often thicket forming and protects trees not resistant to deer browsing.
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Edible Wild Plants: A North
American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
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The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region
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can be boiled the same as maple sap, but its syrup is stronger (like
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is, however, heavily browsed by deer. This accounts for a lack of
32:"Cherry birch" redirects here. For the Japanese cherry birch, see
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452:. Boiling also destroys volatile quantities of wintergreen oil.
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wood and often not distinguished from it in the lumber trade.
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killed many trees, and their place was taken by black birch.
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allowing trees to grow in areas with high deer populations,
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Closeup of bark beginning to crack and peel its first layer
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cuts pieces from the leaves to line the cells of its nest.
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381:, maturing in fall, is composed of numerous tiny winged
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where deer populations are high. In abandoned fields,
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557:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194483A2340770.en
610:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
345:. It is sometimes mistakenly identified as a
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737:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
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341:, with smooth bark and distinct horizontal
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362:, which is produced in the bark. The
1071:33c0e374-c103-4356-b06d-09235427e7e7
605:
603:
601:
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1182:IUCN Red List least concern species
543:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
1217:Trees of humid continental climate
1197:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
1192:Trees of the Eastern United States
809:University of California, Berkeley
780:images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
349:tree. In older tree specimens the
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25:
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1212:Medicinal plants of North America
759:
596:
475:Deer do not tend to browse young
425:, and cabinets. It is similar to
1123:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295125-1
706:. New York: Knopf. p. 366.
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93:
436:flows about a month later than
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1:
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1207:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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702:Little, Elbert L. (1980).
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448:). It can be used to make
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1222:Trees of Northern America
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654:www.nativetreesociety.org
259:
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90:Scientific classification
88:
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1202:Plants described in 1753
766:Flora of North America:
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485:, a close relative of
407:Hemlock woolly adelgid
388:
550:: e.T194483A2340770.
482:Betula alleghaniensis
312:Appalachian Mountains
306:west to southernmost
620:. pp. 122–125.
532:Stritch, L. (2014).
493:and an abundance of
791:Plants for a Future
683:www.srs.fs.usda.gov
411:Discula destructiva
310:, and south in the
60:Conservation status
329:is a medium-sized
298:native to eastern
294:) is a species of
1169:
1168:
1079:Open Tree of Life
820:Taxon identifiers
650:"Index_ENTS_Main"
627:978-1-4027-6715-9
579:"Index_ENTS_Main"
491:B. alleghaniensis
393:The oldest known
360:methyl salicylate
267:
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260:Natural range of
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16:(Redirected from
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679:"Betula lenta L"
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322:Characteristics
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786:"Betula lenta"
782:
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760:External links
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743:(3): 557–570.
729:Megachile rubi
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228:Binomial name
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219:B. lenta
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75:Least Concern
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34:Betula grossa
30:
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858:Betula lenta
828:Betula lenta
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800:Betula lenta
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778:Betula lenta
777:
768:Betula lenta
767:
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686:. Retrieved
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673:
662:. Retrieved
658:the original
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644:
616:. New York:
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587:. Retrieved
583:the original
573:
561:. Retrieved
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541:
536:Betula lenta
535:
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427:yellow birch
420:
403:spongy moths
400:
394:
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327:Betula lenta
326:
325:
314:to northern
291:
287:
284:cherry birch
283:
279:
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271:Betula lenta
270:
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262:Betula lenta
261:
237:Betula lenta
236:
234:
218:
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44:Sweet birch
38:
29:
1030:NatureServe
965:iNaturalist
852:Wikispecies
563:19 November
292:spice birch
280:black birch
276:sweet birch
133:Angiosperms
18:Sweet birch
1176:Categories
1092:Plant List
688:2023-10-23
664:2018-05-06
589:2018-05-06
519:References
450:birch beer
197:Subgenus:
179:Betulaceae
1097:kew-21443
931:233500250
805:CalPhotos
772:RangeMap:
733:M. texana
636:244766414
487:B. lenta,
442:Birch sap
343:lenticels
331:deciduous
213:Species:
206:Betulenta
103:Kingdom:
1143:VASCAN:
1035:2.147443
983:295125-1
876:BioLib:
837:Wikidata
749:25084194
618:Sterling
499:B. lenta
495:B. lenta
477:B. lenta
446:molasses
423:millwork
395:B. lenta
355:B. lenta
175:Family:
146:Eudicots
80:IUCN 3.1
1017:MoBotPF
944:5331709
905:1149405
843:Q227763
803:in the
462:Ecology
375:catkins
368:flowers
339:birches
316:Georgia
308:Ontario
202:Betula
185:Genus:
169:Fagales
165:Order:
107:Plantae
78: (
1187:Betula
1105:PLANTS
1084:567472
1068:NZOR:
1061:216994
1022:242285
1009:194483
747:
710:
634:
624:
409:, and
364:leaves
347:cherry
190:Betula
159:Rosids
996:19487
970:49157
918:BETLE
892:68K9V
866:APA:
745:JSTOR
438:maple
383:seeds
379:fruit
304:Maine
296:birch
290:, or
204:subg.
153:Clade
140:Clade
127:Clade
114:Clade
1146:3689
1136:2251
1118:POWO
1110:BELE
1056:NCBI
1004:IUCN
991:ITIS
978:IPNI
957:7107
952:GRIN
939:GBIF
913:EPPO
879:3440
869:1153
731:and
708:ISBN
632:OCLC
622:ISBN
565:2021
548:2014
432:The
417:Uses
370:are
351:bark
334:tree
1154:WFO
1131:RHS
1043:NBN
926:FNA
900:EoL
887:CoL
552:doi
434:sap
389:Age
1178::
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741:54
739:.
681:.
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598:^
546:.
540:.
405:,
318:.
286:,
282:,
244:L.
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794:.
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716:.
691:.
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638:.
592:.
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538:"
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274:(
82:)
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
