387:(ACP). In organizational hierarchy, a DCP holds a position below the Special Commissioner of Police (Special CP), Joint Commissioner of Police (Joint CP), Additional Commissioner of Police (Addl. CP), and Commissioner of Police. The post of the Commissioner of Police is held by DIG or above rank officers. However, when there was shortage of higher-ranking officers, there have been instances when an SP was appointed as the Commissioner of Police in non-metropolitan areas. The Commissioner of Police, holding the rank of DIG or above, may or may not be vested with some powers of executive magistrate, depending on whether the state government has granted such authority and the extent of the powers delegated.
188:
311:(DGP), assumes responsibility for the administrative affairs of the police force within a designated police district. This encompasses a range of responsibilities, including financial and personnel administration, maintaining law and order, preventing and detecting crimes, overseeing surveillance and intelligence operations, ensuring the security of ministerial residences, addressing grievances, providing training to police personnel, enforcing discipline among the police, checking anti-social activities, and conducting routine inspections of subordinate police stations and offices, among others.
86:
74:
358:
and employing force during law and order exigencies, among other responsibilities. Since police districts comes within the jurisdiction of the district magistrate, the administration of police within a police district comes under the general control and direction of the district magistrate. Hence, SP
295:
or be within its boundaries. Police districts under the purview of the SP are non-metropolitan and predominantly rural. When the size of the police district is substantially larger, an SP in selection grade, also known as the Senior
Superintendent of Police (SSP), is appointed as the head. The SSP is
206:
level in a police force. The career progression for an SP involves postings in three distinct gradesโsenior time scale, junior administrative grade, and selection grade. In some states, an SP in the selection grade is also known as the Senior
Superintendent of Police (SSP). Depending on the grade, an
154:
The career progression of an SP involves advancing through three gradesโsenior time scale, junior administrative grade, and selection grade, and two insignias: one-star and two-star. In certain states, the SP in selection grade is known as the Senior
Superintendent of Police (SSP), who heads a larger
410:
In addition to having an SP as chief in each police district, other SP ranking officers may be appointed as the head of various units or specialised wings, such as telecommunication, traffic, vigilance, women's cell, special branch, crime branch, anti terrorist squad, among others. They can also be
257:
examinations. Both ASP and DSP serves as the head of a sub-division. However, it takes 10 to 12 years for a DSP to be promoted to the SP rank, whereas an ASP can achieve this promotion within three years. An ASP is a gazetted officer. Some state governments conduct direct recruitments only for
314:
The SP serving as the chief of police district operates under the supervision of the DIG, who is in charge of the police range encompassing that police district. Sub-divisions within a police district are headed by Sub-Divisional Police
Officers (SDPO), holding the ranks of
359:
reports directly to the district magistrate. Consequently, there exists a dual control of police force within a district, requiring SP to co-operate with district magistrate. Within the force, SP serving as district chief, sends monthly reports to the DGP through
331:, the equivalent post to SDPO is known as Circle Officer (CO). Each sub-division contains multiple police stations. The SP may receive assistance from Additional Superintendent of Police (Add. SP), alongside ASPs and DSPs. In
304:. The latter's jurisdiction is called a commissionerate. While some districts have both rural and city police, the absence of a commissionerate system often results in each police district being overseen by one SP.
300:(DIG) rank, an officer may continue as SSP. Several Indian districts have two or more police districts within them, segmented as rural and city. The rural police is headed by an SP and city police is headed by a
1041:
269:
For the official use of the
Superintendent of Police, state governments have the authority to issue an official car. Additionally, they can also be allotted a government residence, with security guards.
411:
posted as
Commandants of armed police battalion units. Additionally, they can also be appointed as the director of state women's commission and managing director of state-owned public sector companies.
238:(DGP). The ranks from ASP/DSP to DGP falls within the broad category of superior officers in a police force. Postings in SP and above rank officers should have a term of at least two years, as per law.
342:(also known as district collector), who also have law and order charges. The district magistrate possesses executive magisterial powers, including regulation, control, and licensing derived from the
625:
438:
in 2022 showed that most vacancies are in the rank of SP and DIG. Nominated officers are assessed by the
Central Police Establishment Board (CPEB), and the selected names are sent to the
283:
The police force in a state comprises both civil police and armed reserves. The
Superintendent of Police (SP) may be appointed as the head of the civil police force within a designated
985:
379:
serves as the head of the commissionerate. This system is also adopted in certain non-metropolitan urban areas. In a commissionerate, an officer of SP rank may be appointed as the
867:
346:(CrPC) and various special Acts, including but not limited to the Arms Act and Excise Act. These magisterial powers span a range of activities, from issuing orders for
708:
24:
1126:
1013:
736:
932:
764:
394:
released two orders granting DCPs certain powers of the executive magistrate in CrPC, pertaining to executing bonds from habitual offenders. In 2023, the
814:
253:
and initially posted as ASP in a state cadre during their probationary period. Meanwhile, state governments conduct recruitment for DSP rank through
1154:
31:. Other officers of the same rank may lead specialised wings or units. In cities under commissionerate system, an SP and SSP may serve as the
1098:
398:
criticized and quashed the two orders, citing that they were unconstitutional and ultra vires the legal provisions, as they violated the
90:
Rank insignia of Senior
Superintendent of Police Officer alias Deputy Commissioner of Police Officer (S.S.P), (D.C.P) in selection grade
654:
905:
491:
1075:
898:
514:
542:
78:
Rank insignia of
Superintendent of Police Officer alias Deputy Commissioner of Police Officer (S.P), (D.C.P) in selection grade
439:
288:
231:
54:
451:
254:
156:
343:
316:
297:
223:
215:
172:
160:
49:, who has general control and direction over police administration. Additionally, an SP sends monthly reports to the
435:
384:
380:
241:
There is no direct recruitment for the rank of SP. Officers attaining the SP rank are predominantly drawn from the
791:
484:
419:
320:
219:
176:
146:
371:
Major cities in India have the commissionerate system of policing rather than the traditional SP-led system. In
1187:
592:
376:
58:
33:
1042:"Madras High Court quashes government orders empowering police to exercise powers of executive magistrates"
187:
427:
423:
360:
227:
375:, with a population exceeding 1 million, the commissionerate system is implemented. In this system, the
308:
292:
250:
235:
50:
46:
682:
335:, the post of SP as the head of a police district is designated as the District Police Chief (DPC).
1068:
990:
686:
391:
301:
214:
The rank of SP is positioned above the rank of Additional Superintendent of Police (Addl. SP),
38:
847:
399:
266:(SI) ranks. Although uncommon, constable can also rise to the rank of SP through promotions.
246:
242:
208:
168:
164:
136:
96:
347:
626:"DSP Vs ASP: เคกเฅเคเคธเคชเฅ เคเคฐ เคเคเคธเคชเฅ เคฎเฅเค เคเฅเคฏเคพ เคนเฅเคคเคพ เคนเฅ เคซเคฐเฅเค, เคเฅเคจ เคชเคนเคฒเฅ เคฌเคจเคคเคพ เคนเฅ SP? เคเคพเคจเฅเค เคคเคฎเคพเคฎ เคกเคฟเคเฅเคฒ"
8:
431:
339:
42:
937:
872:
835:
769:
741:
547:
415:
418:
investigation, intelligence, and police organisations, such as but not limited to the
986:"UP Cabinet introduces Police Commissionerate system for Gautam Buddh Nagar, Lucknow"
395:
372:
355:
203:
192:
211:
for the first two grades, and two star and the national emblem for selection grade.
933:"Explained: Why it's a good idea to have police commissioners in the bigger cities"
85:
1018:
713:
284:
28:
899:"Impact of Police Commissionerate on Police Effectiveness and Policing Outcomes"
569:
519:
1181:
1131:
963:
659:
597:
328:
263:
249:(such as the Mizoram Police Service). IPS officers are recruited through the
73:
351:
163:(DIG). Officers reaching the SP rank are predominantly selected from the
959:
630:
897:
Singh, Vikramjit; Pandey, Neeraj; R., Nishanthini (28 December 2022).
296:
also a post, in certain occasions, even after getting promoted to the
1159:
1103:
1046:
819:
482:
324:
259:
287:. A police district is formally recognized through notification by
709:"44 IPS officers shifted in Bihar, senior most to head Vigilance"
196:
1127:"Bengaluru gets new traffic police chief in major IPS shake-up"
430:(CAPF). Officers expressing willingness to be deputed with the
332:
792:"Powers & Duties of Officers | Superintendent of Police"
485:"Functions, Roles and Duties of Superior Police Officers"
1014:"IPS shortage forces state to name SPs as commissioners"
278:
737:"Police commissionerate restructured, dist has 3 zones"
291:, encompassing areas that may either coincide with the
207:
SP is distinguished by two insignias: one star and the
815:"Vivek Kumar is Ernakulam Rural District Police Chief"
868:"Explained: What is a police commissionerate system?"
812:
354:
to securing bonds of good behavior from potential or
338:
The overall administrative head of a district is the
27:
held by an officer who serves as the head of a rural
1155:"Only three IPS officers opt for Central deputation"
652:
734:
540:
1179:
1096:
765:"Government to bifurcate Kannur police district"
434:are nominated by the state cadre. Data from the
405:
960:"Section 4 in [ The Police Act, 1861 ]"
414:IPS officers in SP rank can also be deputed to
202:The Superintendent of Police (SP) occupies the
182:
683:"Analytical Reports - Police Reforms in India"
512:
245:(IPS) and, alternatively, from the respective
167:(IPS) and, alternatively, from the respective
896:
366:
307:The SP, operating under the guidance of the
655:"Rising from a constable to SP in 36 years"
483:Bureau of Police Research and Development.
680:
402:and the Madras Police District Act, 1859.
45:(collector), the administrative head of a
906:Bureau of Police Research and Development
492:Bureau of Police Research and Development
1076:Comptroller and Auditor General of India
1040:S., Mohamed Imranullah (13 March 2023).
892:
890:
762:
653:Tribune News Service (28 October 2015).
619:
617:
615:
590:
186:
179:(DSP/DySP), both heading sub-divisions.
155:police district. The SP ranks above the
926:
924:
922:
861:
859:
857:
735:Times News Network (15 November 2022).
541:Times News Network (24 December 2022).
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
1180:
1099:"New postings for top police officers"
865:
813:Special correspondent (11 July 2022).
1152:
1097:The Hindu Bureau (18 November 2022).
887:
866:Tiwary, Deeptiman (15 January 2020).
706:
623:
612:
440:Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
279:In superintendent-led police district
232:Additional Director General of Police
1124:
919:
854:
467:
383:(DCP). ASPs may be appointed as the
1011:
983:
930:
707:Kumar, Avinash (31 December 2022).
591:Machaiah, Gautham (7 August 2019).
452:Additional superintendent of police
175:(ASP), while SPS officers start as
157:Additional Superintendent of Police
13:
1039:
674:
317:Assistant Superintendent of Police
298:Deputy Inspector General of Police
224:Deputy Inspector General of Police
216:Assistant Superintendent of Police
173:Assistant Superintendent of Police
161:Deputy Inspector General of Police
55:Deputy Inspector General of Police
14:
1199:
41:. The SP reports directly to the
1153:Singh, Vijaita (7 August 2022).
763:Saikiran, K. P. (15 July 2018).
681:Chaturvedi, Anviti (June 2017).
570:"Police Rank โ Ratnagiri Police"
385:Assistant Commissioner of Police
84:
72:
1146:
1118:
1090:
1061:
1033:
1005:
977:
952:
931:Vij, R. K. (10 February 2020).
806:
784:
756:
728:
420:Central Bureau of Investigation
321:Deputy Superintendent of Police
220:Deputy Superintendent of Police
177:Deputy Superintendent of Police
147:Deputy Superintendent of Police
700:
646:
593:"To every CM his own top cop?"
584:
562:
534:
513:The Hans India (19 May 2016).
506:
222:(DSP/DySP) and below the SSP,
1:
1069:"Civil List as on 10-01-2020"
624:Kumar, Munna (8 April 2023).
460:
406:Other postings and deputation
381:Deputy Commissioner of Police
171:(SPS). IPS officers begin as
34:Deputy Commissioner of Police
183:Rank, recruitment, promotion
16:Rank in Indian police forces
7:
445:
428:Central Armed Police Forces
361:Inspector General of Police
228:Inspector General of Police
106:Head of the Police district
59:Inspector General of Police
10:
1204:
1012:Dev, Arun (2 March 2023).
515:"IPS officers transferred"
344:Code of Criminal Procedure
309:Director General of Police
251:Civil Services Examination
236:Director General of Police
51:Director General of Police
1125:DHNS (14 November 2022).
367:In commissionerate system
255:Public Service Commission
159:(Addl. SP) and below the
142:
132:
118:
110:
102:
95:
83:
71:
66:
991:Asian News International
687:PRS Legislative Research
436:Ministry of Home Affairs
392:Government of Tamil Nadu
67:Superintendent of Police
21:Superintendent of Police
984:ANI (13 January 2020).
543:"IPS officers promoted"
273:
390:In 2013 and 2014, the
377:Commissioner of Police
302:Commissioner of Police
199:
39:Commissioner of Police
1188:Police ranks of India
400:Constitution of India
247:State Police Services
243:Indian Police Service
190:
169:State Police Services
165:Indian Police Service
137:Indian Police Service
97:Indian Police Service
794:. Gandhinagar Police
442:(ACC) for approval.
191:Official car of SP,
25:Indian police forces
424:Intelligence Bureau
340:district magistrate
43:district magistrate
938:The Indian Express
873:The Indian Express
846:has generic name (
770:The Times of India
742:The Times of India
572:. Ratnagiri Police
548:The Times of India
373:metropolitan areas
356:habitual offenders
348:preventive arrests
200:
53:(DGP) through the
23:(SP) is a rank in
1078:. 10 January 2020
396:Madras High Court
289:state governments
204:middle management
193:Champhai district
152:
151:
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1172:
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510:
504:
503:
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499:
494:. pp. 17โ24
489:
480:
432:Union government
88:
76:
64:
63:
47:revenue district
37:(DCP) under the
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1202:
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1079:
1071:
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1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1019:Hindustan Times
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
982:
978:
968:
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953:
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719:
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714:Hindustan Times
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511:
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487:
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468:
463:
448:
408:
369:
363:(IGP) and DIG.
285:police district
281:
276:
209:national emblem
185:
91:
79:
29:police district
17:
12:
11:
5:
1201:
1191:
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520:The Hans India
505:
465:
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447:
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407:
404:
368:
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350:and declaring
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81:
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69:
68:
57:(DIG) and the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1200:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1134:
1133:
1132:Deccan Herald
1128:
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1093:
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1064:
1049:
1048:
1043:
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987:
980:
965:
964:Indian Kanoon
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939:
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927:
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923:
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849:
844:|author=
837:
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744:
743:
738:
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710:
703:
688:
684:
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662:
661:
660:Tribune India
656:
649:
633:
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600:
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598:Deccan Herald
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571:
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329:Uttar Pradesh
326:
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318:
312:
310:
305:
303:
299:
294:
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286:
271:
267:
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264:sub-inspector
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70:
65:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
35:
30:
26:
22:
1164:. Retrieved
1158:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1130:
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1102:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1045:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1017:
1007:
995:. Retrieved
989:
979:
967:. Retrieved
954:
942:. Retrieved
936:
909:. Retrieved
877:. Retrieved
871:
824:. Retrieved
818:
808:
796:. Retrieved
786:
774:. Retrieved
768:
758:
746:. Retrieved
740:
730:
718:. Retrieved
712:
702:
690:. Retrieved
676:
664:. Retrieved
658:
648:
636:. Retrieved
629:
602:. Retrieved
596:
586:
574:. Retrieved
564:
552:. Retrieved
546:
536:
524:. Retrieved
518:
508:
496:. Retrieved
413:
409:
389:
370:
337:
313:
306:
282:
268:
240:
234:(ADGP), and
213:
201:
153:
126:
122:
119:Abbreviation
32:
20:
18:
1138:11 December
1110:11 December
1025:10 December
997:10 December
969:10 December
944:11 December
911:10 December
879:10 December
826:10 December
776:10 December
748:10 December
720:10 December
692:10 December
666:10 December
638:10 December
604:10 December
576:10 December
554:10 December
526:10 December
498:10 December
352:Section 144
1166:6 December
1082:6 December
1053:6 December
798:6 December
634:(in Hindi)
631:CNN-News18
461:References
426:(IB), and
323:(DSP). In
1160:The Hindu
1104:The Hindu
1047:The Hindu
836:cite news
820:The Hindu
454:(Addl.SP)
325:Rajasthan
319:(ASP) or
260:constable
218:(ASP) or
133:Member of
1182:Category
446:See also
293:district
422:(CBI),
416:central
230:(IGP),
226:(DIG),
197:Mizoram
61:(IGP).
333:Kerala
143:Deputy
114:Active
111:Status
1072:(PDF)
902:(PDF)
488:(PDF)
1168:2023
1140:2023
1112:2023
1084:2023
1055:2023
1027:2023
999:2023
971:2023
946:2023
913:2023
881:2023
848:help
828:2023
800:2023
778:2023
750:2023
722:2023
694:2023
668:2023
640:2023
606:2023
578:2023
556:2023
528:2023
500:2023
327:and
274:Role
262:and
103:Type
19:The
127:SSP
1184::
1157:.
1129:.
1101:.
1074:.
1044:.
1016:.
988:.
962:.
935:.
921:^
904:.
889:^
870:.
856:^
840::
838:}}
834:{{
817:.
767:.
739:.
711:.
685:.
657:.
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