300:' early summer stock experience: "Louis spent the summer of 1949 working as part of the repertory company at the Ogunquit Playhouse in Ogunquit, Maine... The Ogunquit Playhouse was affiliated with the Manhattan Theatre Colony, an apprentice program that hopeful actors could attend (paying $ 150 for the summer) to learn their craft and observe—and possibly work with—professionals. Such stage luminaries as Maude Adams, Ethel Barrymore, Lillian Gish, and Ruth Gordon had trod the boards here. Students took classes in acting, stagecraft, makeup, and voice, and if they were talented enough, they might be asked to appear in plays with the resident acting company." Additionally, many notable performers spent their summers on the circuit. Plays and musicals that had closed on
228:. The true beginning was in the theater built by John and Mary Elitch on their ranch at Denver, Colorado, in 1891. After several seasons of vaudeville and light opera, the stock company inaugurated the 1897 season with its first dramatic performance. The director was George Edeson, with James O'Neill, father of dramatist Eugene O'Neill, as leading man. An unbroken series of successful seasons followed. This, then, is the oldest summer stock theater. In general, theatrical companies do not enjoy invariable successes, but widespread popularity has made summer theater a major industry, so that there is virtually no section of this country that does not boast at least one such dramatic group.
88:
245:, who acted in minor roles in the summer stock cast in 1905, would regularly send congratulatory telegrams to the theater on opening night. In 1926, more than two decades after his time at the theater, he sent a telegram stating: "It is a long time since I spent a very pleasant summer in stock at the Elitch Gardens. Today in Hollywood I can hardly go anywhere without meeting one or more now rather famous people who either during that summer or at other times played in what all actors and actresses consider one of the greatest cradles of the drama in American history."
42:
838:
884:
954:
938:, the same opening production at both the Lambertville and the South Shore Music Circus. The original Lambertville theater closed in 1970, and both the Sacramento and South Shore theaters continue to thrive today. In Sacramento, live musicals in the round are presented in a new permanent complex, The
78:
Some smaller theaters still continue this tradition, and a few summer stock theaters have become highly regarded by both patrons as well as performers and designers. Often viewed as a starting point for professional actors, stock casts are typically young, just out of high school or still in college.
292:
The structure was to present different plays in weekly or biweekly repertory, performed by a resident company, generally between June and
September. The usual fare consisted of light comedies, romances and mysteries. The theaters were located in rural areas. Touring companies would carry hand props
695:
wrote of her experiences in summer stock as a new actress: "My first professional jobs were in summer stock, in small, medium and large companies that presented ten plays in ten weeks from June until Labor Day...At that time, the core of each summer stock company was made up of a stage manager and
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The summer theatrical season Is now at its height and both
Manhattan Beach and Elitch's Gardens are doing splendid business, and deservedly, too, for nowhere in the country are to be found better attractions or better Summer stock than those with which our local public is now being edified… The
232:
In his 1964 Ph.D. dissertation on stock theatre companies and James F. Neill (not to be confused with James O'Neill,) William
Zucchero: "Denver could boast that It was the only city in the country that could and did support two summer stock companies:" He went on to quote an 1896 article
107:). A 1937 article in Time magazine reported: "Elitch's Gardens is the great-grandfather of all U. S. summer stock companies... and nearly every personage in U. S. show business, from General & Mrs. Tom Thumb to Douglas Fairbanks, has at one time or another played Elitch's."
1332:"Before the theater fell on hard times in the 1970s...it was part of the straw-hat circuit that showcased stage and screen stars in the summer." D'Alessandro, Gene. "Bucks County Playhouse owner Ralph Miller is celebrating his career and looking ahead to more",
440:'s wife. She initially thought she had to decline because of her contract that lasted through the end of the summer, but her director at the theater quickly reminded her that she only had to give two-weeks notice and she could head to Hollywood.
522:
wrote: "Working for him was a joy. Everything about his operation was first-class from the director and supporting cast he had assembled through the scenery, props, and costumes...He was attentive, supportive." Performers such as
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Most sources consider 1893 to be the first year of summer stock. For that summer season, Elitch
Gardens employed the Frank Norcross Company. It was the first full-length season of summer stock. The first stock play presented at
138:
by
Augustin Daly. It opened on June 10, 1893. The company's roster of actors included: Lilian Dailey, Marion Earle, Alfred Hampton, Jane Kenmark, Hudson Liston, Millie Liston, Charles Lothian, Jeanette Lowrey,
1679:
285:, the 1920s through the 1960s, were in New England. Part of the "straw hat circuit," theaters also were in New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, among other states. (Lakewood Playhouse near Skowhegan,
942:. The South Shore Music Circus and Cape Cod Melody Tent now serve primarily as intimate settings for musical acts including popular singers, oldies groups, and orchestras.
220:
However, opinions differ on the official first year of summer stock. In a 1955 article for the
Princeton University Library Chronicle, the authors suggest it was 1897:
167:
as players, and with Alfred Fisher as stage director. In
September 1894, Neill and Giffen also organized the first winter stock company at the Lyceum Theatre, Denver.
143:(who had organized the company), Frank E. Norcross, Bernard Reynold, and Weevie Vivian. The following year, James F. Neill and R.L. Giffen organized a company for the
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209:
1896 was the second stock season and J. H. Huntley was signed to direct the resident stock company, headed by leading actress Jennie
Kennark. The season opened with
907:. They then opened other theaters in the round, including Shady Grove Music Fair in Washington, DC, Painters Mill Music Fair in Maryland (closed in 1991), and the
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is still standing today, and after several phases of restoration, the foundation running the theatre hopes to have regular productions again in the next few years.
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Stars of
Broadway, film, and television would regularly spend summers performing in stock. The Council of Stock Theatres (COST) negotiated a special contract with
187:
743:, although a number of other summer stock Shakespearean series use this name); the Gretna Theatre, Mount Gretna, Pennsylvania, Rocky Mountain Repertory Theatre,
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915:, opened in 1956. By 1957, there were 19 tent theaters, many located in Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey, and all presenting musicals only. (The musical
195:
126:
on May 1, 1890. Plays were presented with a resident company and guest stars, a policy that has been followed with tremendous success for over fifty years."
71:. Summer stock theaters frequently take advantage of seasonal weather by having their productions outdoors, under tents set up temporarily for their use, or
846:
1938:
60:
that presents stage productions only in the summer. The name combines the season with the tradition of staging shows by a resident company, reusing
1439:
386:
Summer Stock at the
Historic Elitch Theatre in Denver was the proving-grounds for a number of would-be stars. For the 1905 season, a 20-something
224:
Devotees of the straw hat circuit are usually under the impression that the summer theater movement originated when certain daft individuals began
1186:
296:
Summer stock provided a training ground for actors and inexpensive entertainment for vacationing East Coast urbanites. Craig Mamrick describes
304:
would play the circuit. By 1950, there were 152 Equity companies, including the Ogunquit Playhouse and Skowhegan Playhouse in Maine; the
174:
in December 1894 under the management of T. Daniel Frawley, who later purchased the Neill-Giffen interests and moved the organization to
1933:
1872:
861:. This began a new period of outdoor theater. In 1951 this new style of summer stock made its way west with the addition of the
736:
700:
and a juvenile. In some cases, five or six of the summer plays would be 'star vehicles', featuring a familiar actor or actress."
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289:(1901 for summer), was an earlier theater, but it was an established stock theater that had then been used as a summer venue.)
1402:
Actors Equity Association Agreement and ules Governing Employment in Non-Resident Dramatic Stock, Effective: December 27, 2004
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426:(just 21-years old) was the ingénue for the stock company. While performing at the theater she received a telegram from
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under a big top tent each summer. Original producers Russell Lewis and Howard Young presented their first production,
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1900:
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261:(1919) is the nation's oldest and largest outdoor musical theater; Manhattan Theatre Colony, first started near
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1187:"THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF JAMES F. NEILL TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN AMERICAN THEATRICAL STOCK COMPANY"
1976:
862:
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596:
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278:
95:
returned to the Historic Elitch Theatre where he had performed in the Summer Stock in 1921 & 1922.
194:, Harry Corson Clarke, Jean Coyne, Henrietta Crosman, Charles Dade, Lilian Dailey, George W. Denham,
160:
876:, Massachusetts opened in 1950, the third tent theater to open, and The South Shore Music Circus in
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appeared. Kenley cast "movie stars and television personalities" who were nationally known. During
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strength of these companies, as well as the plays presented, are way above the average.
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Denver's historic Elitch Theatre : a nostalgic journey (a history of its times)
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Denver's historic Elitch Theatre : a nostalgic journey (a history of its times)
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Denver's historic Elitch Theatre : a nostalgic journey (a history of its times)
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Denver's historic Elitch Theatre : a nostalgic journey (a history of its times)
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Denver's historic Elitch Theatre : a nostalgic journey (a history of its times)
1971:
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202:, George W. Leslie, Phosa McAllister, Cara Morlan, Robert Morris, James F. Neill,
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starring Gordon MacRae, week of August 1, 1972, and the remainder of August 1972
1386:"Equity-COST Contract Set - Three-year Contract Includes 9-12% Salary Increases,"
1372:
1353:
1318:
Article summary: "Predawn fire destroys Falmouth Playhouse, a summer tradition",
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352:
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191:
880:, Massachusetts followed in 1951. A tent theater had opened earlier in Florida.
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six resident actors: a leading man and woman, a character man and woman, and an
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at the Kenley Players in 1968 (as well as appearing at the Parker Playhouse and
293:
and costumes to each venue, where sound, lights and set would be awaiting them.
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1843:
1366:"Royal Poinciana Playhouse-Merged History, research by Tom Clarie", pp.71-73
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began a new experience presenting summer stock theater under an arena-type (
720:
Some summer theaters specialize in a particular type of production, such as
896:
858:
604:
585:
552:
532:
489:
471:
463:
459:
411:
402:, all got their start in summer stock at the Elitch Theatre. Additionally,
360:
225:
206:, and Fred Trader, as players, with Walter Clark Bellow as stage director.
179:
72:
31:
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151:, with a cast list including: Anne Blancke, Kate Blancke, Alfred Burnham,
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were all stock cast members at one time. In the summer of 1951, a young
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341:
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178:. The roster of the combined Denver and Salt Lake City company included:
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895:(which closed in 1996), in Devon, Pennsylvania, was opened in 1955 by
697:
1942:
by Steven M. Avella, p. 137, Lambertville and Sacramento Music Circus
1489:
1454:
1347:"Town Council willing to allow Royal Poinciana Playhouse demolition,"
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1018:
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900:
883:
811:
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61:
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1101:. September 10, 1911. p. 12; 6th column: "Growth of the System"
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The Ogunquit Playhouse, begun in 1933, attracted performers such as
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1700:
921:
was the major show making the tent circuit in the summer of 1957.)
869:
689:
Music Circus and its sister theater, the South Shore Music Circus.
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662:
269:; Gretna Theatre, Mount Gretna, Pennsylvania (1927) as part of the
254:
123:
1415:
1946:
1860:
Shelly Gross, Creator of Summer Stock "Music Fairs," Dies at 88,"
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348:
328:(suburban Philadelphia), Pennsylvania (established in 1939). The
68:
1622:
1784:
1736:
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148:
119:
1166:(1 (AUTUMN 1955)). Princeton University Library: 49–54. 1955.
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was a minor player in the stock cast. Denver-natives, such as
1951:
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1712:
732:
286:
1956:
953:
30:
For the 1950 MGM film with Gene Kelly and Judy Garland, see
447:
190:, H.D. Blakemore, Anne Blancke, Kate Blancke, Fanny Burt,
474:, and sent many of the shows to an affiliated theater in
351:
and the Southeast during the winter. Venues included the
1934:
Fosters.com article on Ogunquit Playhouse, May 15, 2008
1724:
1204:
Carstarphen, F.E. (August 8, 1896). "In Other Cities".
1846:
lambertville-music-circus.org, accessed July 22, 2009
1452:
949:
928:
concept brought Broadway-style musicals to northern
706:
performed in summer stock after the cancellation of
430:
asking her to come to Hollywood to star in his film
282:
1810:
tenttheatre.Missouristate.edu, accessed May 9, 2023
591:Gretna Theatre, opened in 1927 in the Pennsylvania
450:-based producer, ran his own summer stock circuit,
1088:"Developing a National Training School for Actors"
1086:
818:, and Tent Theatre (John Goodman Amphitheatre) in
316:Playhouse in Massachusetts (burned down in 1994);
1581:listing for Kenley Players Summer Theatre, shows
580:, and has continued through the 2009 season with
99:Summer stock started in Denver, Colorado, at the
1963:
1703:www.rockymountainrep.com, accessed July 22, 2009
383:to cover the work of actors and stage managers.
355:in Orlando and the Royal Poinciana Playhouse in
114:, "The first summer theater opened its doors at
1914:Summer Stock! An American Theatrical Phenomenon
1844:Music Circus archives, history, show/cast lists
1417:The lady of the Gardens : Mary Elitch Long
1701:Rocky Mountain Repertory Theatre official site
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1307:ogunquitplayhouse.org, accessed July 22, 2009
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1265:
344:, was also part of the summer stock circuit.
1775:berkshiretheatre.org, accessed July 22, 2009
1438:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
735:. Some notable summer theaters include: the
1797:Bard on the Beach Shakespeare Festival 2009
1761:Williamstown Theatre Festival official site
1300:
1298:
1203:
1070:
1895:(Ed. 2,2007), Cambridge University Press,
1799:bardonthebeach.org, accessed July 22, 2009
1262:
1259:gretnatheatre.org, retrieved July 13, 2019
1160:The Princeton University Library Chronicle
359:(closed since 2004) where performers from
1725:Utah Shakespearean Festival official site
1677:
1633:
1631:
1625:capeplayhouse.com, accessed July 22, 2009
1252:
1250:
1191:Ohio State University, Ph.D. Dissertation
887:The Sacramento Music Circus stage in 2001
1787:glimmerglass.org, accessed July 22, 2009
1773:Berkshire Theatre Festival official site
1739:santafeopera.org, accessed July 22, 2009
1487:
1404:actorsequity.org, accessed July 22, 2009
1295:
1218:
1184:
1119:
1041:
1016:
882:
841:The Sacramento Music Circus tent in 2001
836:
86:
40:
1893:The Cambridge Guide to American Theatre
1879:, June 24, 1957, accessed July 24, 2009
1526:, (2004), Kent State University Press,
14:
1964:
1821:"Historic Elitch Theatre | Denver, CO"
1763:wtfestival.org, accessed July 22, 2009
1715:summerstock.ca, accessed July 22, 2009
1713:Summerstock Conservatory official site
1647:melodytent.org, accessed June 22, 2009
1628:
1356:palmbeachdailynews.com, April 15, 2009
1247:
872:Music Circus (now the Melody Tent) in
832:
634:in the early years and more recently,
551:starred in Kenley stock productions.
478:. Starting in 1958 performers such as
336:, since renovated with the support of
1568:, Dateline: Akron, Ohio, July 5, 1979
968:Regional theatre in the United States
277:(1927); and the Berkshire Playhouse,
253:In the 1920s, summer stock expanded:
163:, John B. Maher, James F. Neill, and
34:. For the Canadian conservatory, see
599:, and has hosted performers such as
324:, and the Bucks County Playhouse in
281:(1928). Many of the theaters of the
47:University of California, Santa Cruz
1785:Glimmerglass Festival official site
1737:Santa Fe Opera 2009 Festival Season
715:
198:, William Ingersoll, Jane Kenmark,
24:
1906:
1891:Wilmeth, Don B., Jacobs, Leonard.
1413:
891:Another theater in the round, the
25:
1988:
1927:
1388:allbusiness.com, as published in
1375:pbtheaterguild.org, April 3, 2006
1023:. John Richard Press. p. 1.
82:
1727:bard.org, accessed July 22, 2009
1524:The music went 'round and around
1305:Ogunquit Playhouse official site
1185:Zucchero, William Henry (1964).
952:
248:
1952:The Summerstock Theatre Society
1865:
1849:
1837:
1813:
1802:
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1694:
1680:"Q&A; with William Shatner"
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1407:
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1378:
1359:
1339:
1326:
1310:
1274:
312:Playhouse in upstate New York;
159:, Josepha Crowell, Zula Hanes,
1488:Borrillo, Theodore A. (2012).
1453:Borrillo, Theodore A. (2012).
1219:Borrillo, Theodore A. (2012).
1212:
1197:
1178:
1148:
1120:Borrillo, Theodore A. (2012).
1113:
1042:Borrillo, Theodore A. (2012).
1035:
1010:
984:
273:movement; the Cape Playhouse,
170:Another company was placed in
13:
1:
1947:South Shore Music Circus site
1156:"Summer Theatre U.S.A., 1955"
978:
776:Williamstown Theatre Festival
768:Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival
737:New York Shakespeare Festival
565:in Miami earlier that year).
374:
27:Summer-only stage productions
1940:Sacramento: Indomitable City
1916:(2004), Palgrave Macmillan,
1660:(2002), Simon and Schuster,
1638:Cape Cod Melody Tent history
1623:Cape Playhouse official site
1420:. Hollycrofters, Inc., Ltd.
1020:Blueprint for summer theatre
112:Blueprint for Summer Theatre
7:
1912:LoMonaco, Martha Schmoyer.
1862:playbill.com, June 22, 2009
1414:L., Dier, Caroline (1932).
945:
780:Williamstown, Massachusetts
756:Utah Shakespearean Festival
263:Peterborough, New Hampshire
110:According to the 1948 book
10:
1993:
1885:
1017:Beckhard, Richard (1948).
998:. July 5, 1937. p. 32
788:Stockbridge, Massachusetts
784:Berkshire Theatre Festival
466:, the Carousel Theatre in
330:Westport Country Playhouse
279:Stockbridge, Massachusetts
29:
1334:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1957:Music Theatre of Wichita
855:Lambertville, New Jersey
804:American Players Theatre
749:Summerstock Conservatory
226:producing plays in barns
36:Summerstock Conservatory
1873:"Tented Broadway Grows"
1825:Historic Elitch Theatre
1336:, June 18, 2006, p. L03
893:Valley Forge Music Fair
863:Sacramento Music Circus
827:Historic Elitch Theatre
808:Spring Green, Wisconsin
741:Shakespeare in the Park
563:Coconut Grove Playhouse
518:at the Warren theater,
418:(see photo above), and
322:Plymouth, Massachusetts
318:Priscilla Beach Theatre
1494:. . pp. 222–223.
888:
842:
802:in Augusta, Michigan,
568:The Cape Playhouse in
347:The circuit toured in
240:
230:
96:
49:
1564:"Names in the News",
1543:Preminger, Erik Lee.
886:
840:
820:Springfield, Missouri
792:Glimmerglass Festival
772:Becket, Massachusetts
655:Douglas Fairbanks Jr.
570:Dennis, Massachusetts
275:Dennis, Massachusetts
235:
222:
90:
52:In American theater,
44:
1566:The Associated Press
1547:(2004), Frog Books,
1048:. . pp. 25–26.
940:Wells Fargo Pavilion
926:theatre-in-the-round
745:Grand Lake, Colorado
572:opened in 1927 with
408:Minnie Maddern Fiske
265:(1927) and moved to
54:summer stock theater
18:Summer stock theatre
1656:Dewhurst, Colleen.
1590:Cincinnati Magazine
1579:Cincinnati Magazine
1284:(2004), iUniverse,
909:Westbury Music Fair
833:Circus tent theater
649:Performers such as
369:Richard Chamberlain
357:Palm Beach, Florida
306:Woodstock Playhouse
259:St. Louis, Missouri
153:Harry Corson Clarke
1751:Jacob's Pillow.org
1643:2011-10-16 at the
1545:My G-string mother
1371:2007-10-08 at the
1352:2011-07-18 at the
1099:New York, New York
992:"Straw Hat Season"
889:
843:
416:Edward G. Robinson
97:
93:Edward G. Robinson
50:
1977:Theatrical genres
1501:978-0-9744331-4-1
1466:978-0-9744331-4-1
1316:McLaughlin, Jeff.
1232:978-0-9744331-4-1
1133:978-0-9744331-4-1
1055:978-0-9744331-4-1
816:Bard on the Beach
739:(better-known as
685:performed at the
601:Bernadette Peters
512:'s engagement in
392:Douglas Fairbanks
371:(1966) appeared.
161:William Ingersoll
157:Henrietta Crosman
136:Nancy and Company
16:(Redirected from
1984:
1880:
1869:
1863:
1856:Simonson, Robert
1853:
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1686:. Archived from
1675:
1669:
1658:Colleen Dewhurst
1654:
1648:
1635:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1605:(2007), Viking,
1599:
1593:
1587:Theatre listings
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1392:, March 26, 1999
1384:Armbrust, Roger.
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1320:The Boston Globe
1314:
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1302:
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1280:Hamrick, Craig.
1278:
1272:
1269:
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1254:
1245:
1244:
1225:. . p. 65.
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1210:
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1145:
1126:. . p. 29.
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988:
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847:St. John Terrell
800:The Barn Theatre
760:Cedar City, Utah
716:Notable theaters
693:Colleen Dewhurst
495:Lady in the Dark
400:Antoinette Perry
388:Cecil B. DeMille
243:Cecil B. DeMille
45:Barn Theatre of
21:
1992:
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683:Debbie Reynolds
659:Angela Lansbury
636:Sally Struthers
632:Laurette Taylor
628:Ethel Barrymore
617:Charlton Heston
476:Flint, Michigan
377:
353:Beacham Theater
338:Joanne Woodward
267:Ogunquit, Maine
251:
192:Madge Carr Cook
145:Manhattan Beach
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510:Gypsy Rose Lee
485:Guys and Dolls
452:Kenley Players
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188:Robert E. Bell
172:Salt Lake City
141:James F. Neill
132:Elitch Theatre
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1103:. Retrieved
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1000:. Retrieved
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412:Beulah Bondi
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361:Bob Cummings
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180:Belle Archer
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32:Summer Stock
1684:details.com
913:Long Island
796:Cooperstown
679:Jane Powell
671:Zero Mostel
640:Lucie Arnaz
624:Maude Adams
576:, starring
541:Andy Devine
515:Auntie Mame
500:Howard Keel
444:John Kenley
438:Gary Cooper
424:Grace Kelly
396:Maude Fealy
367:(1961) and
363:in 1958 to
342:Paul Newman
334:Connecticut
310:Forestburgh
200:Howard Kyle
196:Harry Gibbs
1966:Categories
1830:2021-04-11
1257:"About Us"
1206:The Mirror
1193:: 149–150.
979:References
930:California
905:Frank Ford
853:) tent in
731:, or even
675:Ann Miller
613:Kim Zimmer
609:Tommy Tune
593:Chautauqua
529:Bill Bixby
525:Paul Lynde
480:Dan Dailey
375:Performers
271:Chautauqua
1749:"History"
1510:823177622
1475:823177622
1434:cite book
1390:Backstage
1241:823177622
1142:823177622
1064:823177622
1029:589457337
973:Repertory
935:Show Boat
901:Lee Guber
845:In 1949,
812:Vancouver
709:Star Trek
433:High Noon
165:Mary Ryan
103:(part of
1641:Archived
1613:, p. 219
1555:, p. 172
1369:Archived
1350:Archived
1172:26403282
946:See also
878:Cohasset
870:Cape Cod
729:musicals
687:Cape Cod
663:Bob Hope
456:Columbus
326:New Hope
314:Falmouth
308:and the
302:Broadway
255:The Muny
233:stating:
211:Rosedale
124:Colorado
91:In 1958
73:in barns
69:costumes
1972:Theatre
1886:Sources
1668:, p. 74
1534:, p. 90
1292:, p. 18
1282:Big Lou
1002:July 2,
874:Hyannis
753:Calgary
698:ingenue
349:Florida
65:scenery
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470:, and
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460:Dayton
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283:heyday
149:Denver
120:Denver
1168:JSTOR
733:opera
725:plays
468:Akron
454:, in
446:, an
287:Maine
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56:is a
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1471:OCLC
1461:ISBN
1459:. .
1440:link
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