35:
316:; also Humano, Jumana, Xumana, Chouman (from a French source), Zumana, Zuma, Suma, and Yuma. Suma is probably the same language, while Jumano is possibly Uto-Aztecan. (Not to be confused with the
236:: Kroeber (1907) and Lamb (1964) believe Giamina may constitute a separate branch of Northern Uto-Aztecan, although Miller (1983) is uncertain about this. It was spoken in Southern California.
462:: closely related to Huichol. According to Sauer (1934:14), the "Xamaca, by another name called Hueitzolme , all ... speak the Thequalme language, though they differ in vowels."
180:: may be a Tarahumaran language close to Ocoroni, since colonial sources claim the two are mutually intelligible. It may also instead be a local name for a variety of GuarijĂo.
264:): probably a Tarahumara dialect, or it may be more closely related to GuarijĂo and ChĂnipa. Guazapar, Jova, Pachera, and Juhine may possibly all be dialects of Tarahumara.
398:: most likely a Taracahitic language, and is reported to be mutually intelligible with ChĂnipa, and similar to Opata. Related languages may include Huite and Nio.
607:
556:: often considered the same as Acaxee, although this is uncertain. It is possibly related to Huichol, although Miller (1983) leaves it as unclassified.
114:
308:): most often linked with Opata, although some scholars classify it as a Tarahumara dialect. Miller (1983) considers it to be "probably Taracahitan."
110:
973:
1568:
868:
687:
428:: may also include Comanito, Mocorito, Tubar, and Zoe. It is possibly a Taracahitic language, and is definitely not Nahuan.
17:
1644:
966:
913:
474:: possibly a Taracahitic language. Closely related languages or dialects include Macoyahui, Conicari, and Baciroa.
1649:
1530:
1213:
990:
959:
360:?): Uto-Aztecan affiliation is likely, although it may instead be non-Uto-Aztecan language possibly related to
56:
254:
due to the speakers' maritime economy (Miller 1983). Dialects include
Compopori, Ahome, Vacoregue, and Achire.
1071:
562:: possibly a Taracahitic language, with Baimena as a subdivision. It is possibly affiliated with Comanito.
1443:
1292:
850:
1597:
1517:
1484:
1263:
1258:
1022:
548:, possibly a Taracahitic language. Subdivisions are Hine and Hume. Its links with Acaxee are uncertain.
668:
Alternate spellings include
Chimarra, Chinara, Chinasa, Chinaso, Chinaza, Chinazo, Chinnara, Chivarra.
1418:
1309:
1014:
434:: unknown affiliation, and was once spoken along the RĂo Grande. Only one word is known, which is
250:: possibly a Taracahitic language, or may instead be non-Uto-Aztecan language possibly related to
905:
1199:
1448:
1604:
1525:
1507:
1284:
982:
81:
1492:
931:
Troike, Rudolf C. (1988). "Amotomanco (Otomoaca) and
Tanpachoa as Uto-Aztecan languages".
374:
8:
1297:
1458:
1237:
1174:
415:
127:): uncertain classification, possibly Uto-Aztecan. (See Troike (1988) for more details.)
1438:
1369:
1242:
1129:
680:
Tribal Names of the
Americas: Spelling Variants and Alternative Forms, Cross-Referenced
1168:
1502:
1427:
1400:
1346:
1269:
1222:
1162:
1136:
1083:
1055:
1050:
1038:
919:
909:
864:
817:
784:
763:
742:
721:
683:
649:
581:
518:
106:
80:
A large number of languages known only from brief mentions are thought to have been
1497:
1474:
1453:
1382:
1319:
1114:
1106:
940:
856:
331:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1433:
1388:
1328:
1154:
1143:
1097:
1043:
999:
531:
383:
317:
158:
1625:
1552:
1354:
1335:
1303:
450:
145:
102:
860:
84:, but became extinct without being documented. The following list is based on
1638:
1377:
1359:
1194:
897:
361:
251:
923:
892:. Vol. 10. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 113–124.
419:
187:
60:
1120:
888:
Miller, Wick R. (1983). "Uto-Aztecan languages". In Ortiz, Alfonso (ed.).
526:
1076:
904:. Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, 4. London and New York:
296:
951:
902:
American Indian
Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America
826:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
793:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
772:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
751:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
730:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
658:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
590:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
240:
816:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
783:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
762:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
741:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
720:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
648:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
580:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
486:
208:: probably a Taracahitic language (Troike 1988). Subdivisions include
822:
789:
768:
747:
726:
654:
586:
392:: completely undocumented, although it is perhaps related to Ocoroni.
49:
341:
196:: a Pimic language closely related to Tepehuan, or Teul and Tepecano
944:
552:
327:
45:
326:: may be the same as Irritila, and may also be closely related to
1409:
545:
498:
478:
442:
458:
312:
93:
446:: speakers were possibly part of a "Mexicano" (Nahua) colony.
174:
would only consider these to be geographical classifications.
852:
The
Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America
606:
Barnes, Thomas C.; Naylor, Thomas H.; Polzer, Charles W.
494:): a Pimic language, possibly of the Tepecano subgroup.
286:: closely related to Ocoroni, and may be Taracahitic
830:
797:
849:Zamponi, Raoul (2024). "Unclassified languages".
244:: possibly a variant or close relative of Huichol
230:: a Taracahitic language closely related to Tahue
202:: a Taracahitic language closely related to Tahue
1636:
605:
967:
933:International Journal of American Linguistics
842:
678:Clark, Patricia Roberts (21 October 2009).
974:
960:
166:): sometimes considered to be the same as
981:
815:
782:
761:
740:
719:
647:
579:
382:): spoken in California, thought to be a
350:: a Tahue language, which is Taracahitic.
896:
85:
848:
14:
1637:
1408:
930:
887:
836:
803:
508:: perhaps the same as Xixime (Jijime).
364:due to the speakers' maritime economy.
224:is possibly related to Concho as well.
171:
154:: probably belongs with Oguera and Nio
1611:List of extinct Uto-Aztecan languages
1569:Nahuatl language in the United States
955:
677:
601:
599:
597:
422:), and is possibly a Nahuatl dialect.
671:
609:Northern New Spain: A Research Guide
28:
24:
890:Handbook of North American Indians
855:. De Gruyter. pp. 1627–1648.
594:
514:: possibly a Taracahitic language.
25:
1661:
280:: possibly a Taracahitic language
33:
881:
809:
776:
755:
1075:(Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute,
734:
713:
696:
662:
641:
624:
573:
468:: may be a Tarahumara dialect.
133:: closely connected to Tepahue
48:format but may read better as
13:
1:
566:
702:Alternate spellings include
630:Alternate spellings include
7:
10:
1666:
1645:Lists of extinct languages
1531:Tehuacan–Zongolica Nahuatl
1619:
1589:
1561:
1516:
1483:
1467:
1417:
1399:
1368:
1345:
1318:
1283:
1251:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1187:
1153:
1105:
1096:
1064:
1031:
1007:
998:
989:
861:10.1515/9783110712742-061
682:. McFarland. p. 10.
1444:Tlaxcala–Puebla Nahuatl
906:Oxford University Press
612:. University of Arizona
414:: unknown affiliation (
57:converting this article
1449:Central Puebla Nahuatl
502:: grouped with Concho.
482:: an Aztecan language.
340:: probably related to
101:): closely related to
1650:Uto-Aztecan languages
1526:Sierra Puebla Nahuatl
1508:Temascaltepec Nahuatl
983:Uto-Aztecan languages
454:: an Aztecan language
82:Uto-Aztecan languages
522:: grouped with Cora.
18:Suma-Jumano language
1018:(including Bannock)
1439:Tetelcingo Nahuatl
1293:Downriver Guarijio
370:: an Opata dialect
59:, if appropriate.
1632:
1631:
1626:extinct languages
1598:Proto-Uto-Aztecan
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1493:Michoacán Nahuatl
1428:Classical Nahuatl
1279:
1278:
1264:Southern Tepehuan
1259:Northern Tepehuan
1208:
1207:
1183:
1182:
1092:
1091:
1080:
1047:
1019:
870:978-3-11-071274-2
689:978-0-7864-5169-2
544:): spoken by the
292:: a Lagunero band
78:
77:
16:(Redirected from
1657:
1498:Coatepec Nahuatl
1475:Huasteca Nahuatl
1459:Ometepec Náhuatl
1454:Guerrero Nahuatl
1415:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1310:Upriver Guarijio
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1103:
1102:
1074:
1041:
1017:
1005:
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996:
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948:
927:
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874:
846:
840:
834:
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645:
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577:
107:Cahitan language
73:
70:
64:
55:You can help by
37:
36:
29:
21:
1665:
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1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1615:
1573:
1557:
1548:Tabasco Nahuatl
1543:Isthmus Nahuatl
1536:Orizaba Nahuatl
1512:
1479:
1463:
1434:Morelos Nahuatl
1395:
1364:
1341:
1314:
1275:
1247:
1204:
1179:
1175:Luiseño-Juaneño
1149:
1088:
1060:
1027:
1015:Northern Paiute
985:
980:
916:
884:
879:
878:
871:
847:
843:
835:
831:
814:
810:
802:
798:
781:
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663:
646:
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629:
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604:
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578:
574:
569:
492:Teul-Chichimeca
318:Jumana language
74:
68:
65:
54:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1663:
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1072:Colorado River
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986:
979:
978:
971:
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945:10.1086/466084
928:
914:
898:Campbell, Lyle
894:
883:
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829:
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623:
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563:
557:
549:
535:
532:Takic language
523:
515:
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503:
495:
483:
475:
469:
463:
455:
451:Teco-Tecoxquin
447:
439:
429:
423:
409:
399:
393:
387:
384:Takic language
371:
365:
351:
345:
335:
321:
309:
293:
287:
281:
275:
265:
255:
245:
237:
234:Giamina/Omomil
231:
225:
203:
197:
191:
186:: spoken near
181:
175:
155:
149:
144:: possibly an
139:
134:
128:
118:
109:, linked with
86:Campbell (1997
76:
75:
69:September 2024
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1367:
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1123:
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1021:
1016:
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988:
984:
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965:
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958:
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946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
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921:
917:
915:0-19-509427-1
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
885:
872:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:
845:
838:
833:
825:
824:
823:Glottolog 3.0
819:
812:
805:
800:
792:
791:
790:Glottolog 3.0
786:
779:
771:
770:
769:Glottolog 3.0
765:
758:
750:
749:
748:Glottolog 3.0
744:
737:
729:
728:
727:Glottolog 3.0
723:
716:
709:
705:
699:
691:
685:
681:
674:
665:
657:
656:
655:Glottolog 3.0
651:
644:
637:
633:
627:
611:
610:
602:
600:
598:
589:
588:
587:Glottolog 3.0
583:
576:
572:
561:
558:
555:
554:
550:
547:
543:
539:
536:
534:of California
533:
529:
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513:
510:
507:
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489:
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366:
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359:
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343:
339:
336:
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329:
325:
322:
320:of Colombia.)
319:
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172:Miller (1983)
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96:
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91:
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89:
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83:
72:
63:is available.
62:
58:
52:
51:
47:
42:This article
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
1621:
1610:
1605:Proto-Nahuan
1603:
1596:
1426:
1387:
1334:
1327:
1302:
1268:
1167:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1119:
936:
932:
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889:
882:Bibliography
851:
844:
832:
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811:
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788:
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746:
736:
725:
715:
707:
703:
698:
679:
673:
664:
653:
643:
635:
631:
626:
614:. Retrieved
608:
585:
582:"Amotomanco"
575:
559:
551:
541:
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517:
511:
505:
497:
491:
485:
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465:
457:
449:
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435:
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420:Lake Chapala
418:region near
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61:Editing help
43:
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1285:Tarahumaran
1200:TĂĽbatulabal
1042:(including
939:: 235–241.
837:Troike 1988
818:"Tanpachoa"
804:Miller 1983
375:San Nicolás
354:Naarinuquia
170:, although
88::133–135).
1639:Categories
1298:Tarahumara
743:"Guazapar"
567:References
412:Patarabuey
241:Guachichil
214:Abasopalme
121:Amotomanco
1624:indicate
1243:Pima Bajo
1130:Kitanemuk
636:Cahuemeto
632:Cahuimeto
432:Tanpachoa
416:Purépecha
358:Themurete
338:Macoyahui
152:Cahuameto
1503:Pochutec
1468:Huasteca
1370:Corachol
1270:Tepecano
1252:Tepehuan
1214:Southern
1163:Cahuilla
1137:Tataviam
1084:Kawaiisu
1065:Southern
1056:Timbisha
1051:Comanche
1039:Shoshoni
991:Northern
924:32923907
900:(1997).
785:"Jumano"
722:"Omomil"
708:Conicare
704:Concuari
650:"Concho"
553:Zacateco
519:Totorame
438:'arrow'.
380:Nicoleño
368:Nacosura
348:Mocorito
328:Zacateco
324:Lagunero
290:Irritila
262:Guasapar
258:Guazapar
228:Conicari
210:Chinarra
200:Comanito
194:Colotlan
168:Zacateca
125:Otomoaco
1622:Italics
1590:History
1518:Eastern
1485:Western
1419:Central
1410:Nahuatl
1401:Aztecan
1383:Huichol
1238:OĘĽodham
1223:Tepiman
1121:Vanyume
1115:Serrano
1044:Gosiute
1032:Central
1008:Western
546:Xiximes
527:Vanyume
512:Topiame
479:Tepanec
472:Tepahue
443:Tecuexe
396:Ocoroni
332:Huichol
248:Guasave
178:ChĂnipa
148:dialect
131:Baciroa
115:Sabaibo
1389:Cazcan
1347:Cahita
1329:Eudeve
1320:Opatan
1169:Cupeño
1144:Tongva
1107:Serran
922:
912:
867:
764:"Jova"
686:
616:10 May
542:Jijime
538:Xixime
499:Toboso
466:TĂ©mori
459:Tecual
406:Ohuera
402:Oguera
342:Cahita
313:Jumano
268:Guisca
222:Toboso
206:Concho
164:Caxcan
159:Cazcan
137:Basopa
111:Tebaca
94:Acaxee
44:is in
1562:Other
1553:Pipil
1355:Yaqui
1336:Opata
1304:Tubar
1231:Pimic
1188:Other
1155:Cupan
1098:Takic
1000:Numic
506:Topia
426:Tahue
302:Jobal
284:Huite
272:Coisa
218:Chizo
146:Opata
142:Batuc
103:Tahue
99:Aiage
50:prose
1378:Cora
1360:Mayo
1195:Hopi
1023:Mono
920:OCLC
910:ISBN
865:ISBN
684:ISBN
618:2024
530:: a
487:Teul
436:ocae
362:Seri
297:Jova
252:Seri
184:Coca
113:and
105:, a
46:list
1077:Ute
941:doi
857:doi
706:or
634:or
560:Zoe
390:Nio
330:or
306:Ova
278:Hio
1641::
937:54
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