980:
968:
29:
992:
1004:
1016:
1388:
568:. The twofold axis is the crystal axis b, and the a and c crystal axes lie in the mirror plane. For a monoclinic crystal a and c are inclined to each other at an angle β which is not a right angle. For stilbite β is nearly 130°. Stilbite crystals, however, appear to be almost
979:
489:
ions occupy equivalent sites and can substitute for each other. Since silicon and aluminium have a different charge (Si and Al) the ions occupying the sodium/calcium site have to adjust to maintain charge balance. There is a continuous
576:
can be chosen, containing two formula units (Z = 2) such that resembles an orthorhombic cell, with all three crystal axes very nearly mutually perpendicular. The mineral is said to be pseudo-orthorhombic.
464:
and stilbite were considered to be identical minerals. After they were found to be two separate species, in 1818, the name desmine ("a bundle") was proposed for stilbite, and this name is still employed in
906:
for stilbite-Ca. It is presumed to be the
Helgusta Iceland Spar Mine, along Reydarfjordur. Excellent white bow ties of stilbite are found here on calcite and quartz, associated with heulandite and
991:
1315:
Cruciani, Giuseppe; Artioli, Gilberto; Gualtieri, Alessandro; Stahl, Kenny; Hanson, Jonathan C. (1 August 1997). "Dehydration dynamics of stilbite using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction".
452:
O). In the case of stilbite-Na, sodium dominates over calcium. The species are visually indistinguishable, and the series name stilbite is still used whenever testing has not been performed.
687:
can be considered as a monoclinic cell with β close to 130° and one formula unit per unit cell (Z = 1), or as a larger pseudo-orthorhombic cell with β close to 90° and Z = 2.
929:. Small, lustrous, white or pink, pointed blades of stilbite-Na, and formless masses, up to 5 cm in diameter, have been found there, covering a thin crust of reddish
967:
1003:
710:
a = 13.595 to 13.657 Å, b = 18.197 to 18.309 Å, c = 17.775 to 17.842 Å, β = 90:05 to 90.91° (Z is doubled to Z = 4 because the formula unit halved to NaCa
985:
Clustered on a matrix of white chalcedony are a group of light salmon stilbite crystals; adjoining is a cluster of mint green fluorapophyllite crystals
1015:
1409:
1400:
1199:
948:
Deccan basalts of western India are the most prolific sources of stilbite in the world. Stilbite is the most abundant zeolite in the
1168:
401:
588:
or even truly orthorhombic, indeed the framework can have symmetry ranging from orthorhombic to triclinic in a single crystal.
350:
Nx = 1.479 to 1.492, Ny = 1.485 to 1.500, Nz = 1.489 to 1.505 Nx = 1.484 to 1.500, Ny = 1.492 to 1.507, Nz = 1.494 to 1.513
1479:
1469:
1285:
469:. The English name "stilbite" is from the Greek stilbein = to shine, because of the pearly luster of the {010} faces.
1224:
744:. It has 10-member rings and 8-member rings forming channels parallel to a and pseudo-orthorhombic c respectively.
1424:
615:
The color is usually colorless or white, also yellow, brown, pink, salmon, orange, red, green, blue or black. The
121:
1474:
271:
997:
Intergrown pinkish stilbite crystals showing the "bow-tie" tendency from
Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India.
317:
1464:
1454:
603:
and elongated along the a axis. Aggregates may be sheaf-like or in bow-ties, also fibrous and globular.
569:
135:
1449:
557:
415:
Stilbite-Ca, by far the more common of the two, is a hydrous calcium sodium and aluminium silicate,
1444:
585:
1439:
903:
111:
680:
Where sources give cell parameters for stilbite-Na, they are the same as those for stilbite-Ca.
808:
581:
654:
650:
261:
251:
1324:
1053:
888:
1175:
693:
a = 13.595 to 13.69 Å, b = 18.197 to 18.31 Å, c = 11.265 to 11.30 Å, β = 127.94 to 128.1°
653:
is perfect on {010}, poor on {001}. The mineral is brittle, with a conchoidal or uneven
8:
773:
624:
616:
565:
561:
307:
297:
1328:
1057:
707:
a = 13.595 to 13.69 Å, b = 18.197 to 18.31 Å, c = 17.775 to 17.86 Å, β = 90.00 to 90.91°
28:
1340:
1071:
761:
620:
600:
241:
1459:
1220:
1193:
1075:
949:
777:
736:
a = 13.60 to 13.69 Å, b = 18.20 to 18.31 Å, c = 17.78 to 17.86 Å, β = 90.0 to 90.91°
389:
1344:
1332:
1061:
740:
The framework of stilbite is pseudo-orthorhombic with the open channels typical of
661:
646:
604:
345:
327:
231:
55:
753:
1270:
1124:
914:
860:
796:
784:
491:
145:
226:
Thin tabular, aggregates sheaf-like or in bow-ties, also fibrous and globular.
1433:
1404:
1394:
892:
876:
840:
628:
221:
160:
44:
868:
848:
844:
757:
201:
1336:
1009:
Stilbite crystal aggregates in fan shapes from
Wassons Bluff, Nova Scotia.
864:
852:
545:
178:
1066:
1041:
815:
deposits or deep-sea deposits. Associated minerals are other zeolites,
930:
907:
856:
804:
800:
495:
461:
365:
355:
169:
150:
1254:
1144:
887:) of Berufjord near Djupivogr in Iceland; brown sheafs are found near
1021:
Reddish-orange
Stilbite-Ca from Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
973:
Green
Stilbite-Ca, which gets its color from inclusions of celadonite
684:
573:
519:
518:
O), and stilbite, and another continuous series between stilbite and
486:
432:
945:
938:
934:
922:
918:
896:
816:
788:
741:
446:
404:
changed it to a series name, with the mineral species being named:
1393:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1107:
Rudy W. Tschernich (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press
699:
a = 13.60 to 13.69 Å, b = 18.20 to 18.31 Å, c = 11.27 Å, β = 128°
933:
in large fractures and cavities in the highly weathered volcanic
895:; and crystals of a brick-red color are found at Old Kilpatrick,
884:
836:
820:
596:
482:
478:
466:
426:
419:
397:
393:
48:
956:
and Pune and decreases in abundance toward the coast at Mumbai.
1242:
Gaines et al (1997) Dana’s New
Mineralogy Eighth Edition. Wiley
872:
824:
792:
781:
599:
are typically thin tabular, flattened parallel to the dominant
439:
416:
360:
Easily fused by blowpipe (~1050 °C) to produce a white "enamel"
1314:
953:
926:
880:
671:
Nx = 1.484 to 1.500, Ny = 1.492 to 1.507, Nz = 1.494 to 1.513
668:
Nx = 1.479 to 1.492, Ny = 1.485 to 1.500, Nz = 1.489 to 1.505
623:
parallel to the plane of symmetry it is markedly pearly. The
812:
627:
is white and crystals are transparent to translucent. The
607:, cruciform and penetration, is extremely common on {001}.
752:
The open channels in the stilbite structure act like a
548:
is a distinct zeolite species unrelated to stilbite.
696:
a = 13.63 Å, b = 18.17 Å, c = 11.31 Å, β = 129.166°
1363:
396:group. Prior to 1997, stilbite was recognized as a
703:Cell parameters for the pseudo-orthorhombic cell:
610:
1431:
1215:Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, 1985,
913:The type locality for stilbite-Na is Cape Pula,
477:Stilbite shows a wide variation in exchangeable
472:
883:; white sheaf-like groups encrust the calcite (
855:(where it is the provincial mineral), northern
400:species, but a reclassification in 1997 by the
835:Stilbite is abundant in the volcanic rocks of
811:. Stilbite has not been found in sedimentary
863:. Salmon-pink crystals occur with pale green
560:2/m, meaning that it has one twofold axis of
1413:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1265:
1263:
1250:
1248:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
902:Iceland is generally considered to be the
733:a=13.69 Å, b=18.25 Å, c=11.31 Å, β =128.2°
689:Cell Parameters for the monoclinic cell:
675:
619:is generally vitreous, and on the perfect
16:Tectosilicate mineral of the zeolite group
1283:
1065:
1360:American Mineralogist (1970) 55: 387–397
776:hydrothermal mineral. It occurs in the
1398:
1369:
1356:
1354:
1260:
1245:
1211:
1209:
1131:
1110:
402:International Mineralogical Association
1432:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1198:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1351:
1206:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1042:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
1039:
498:, whose formula can be written as Ca
1255:http://www.mindat.org/min-7314.html
1229:
1145:http://www.mindat.org/min-7313.html
803:, and as a cementing agent in some
13:
1150:
14:
1491:
1418:
1082:
1399:Spencer, Leonard James (1911). "
1386:
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
966:
959:
551:
216:Usually colorless, white or pink
27:
1308:
1286:"Crystal structure of stilbite"
1277:
611:Physical and optical properties
155:also triclinic and orthorhombic
1033:
772:Stilbite is a low-temperature
767:
1:
1026:
830:
660:Stilbite is biaxial (-) with
473:Chemistry and related species
7:
388:is the name of a series of
10:
1496:
1480:Minerals in space group 63
1470:Minerals in space group 12
1271:"Stilbite-Na Mineral Data"
1125:"Stilbite-Ca Mineral Data"
756:, enabling it to separate
657:. It is not radioactive.
455:
322:Transparent to translucent
584:forms of stilbite may be
374:
364:
354:
344:
336:
326:
316:
306:
302:Vitreous, pearly on {010}
296:
270:
260:
250:
240:
230:
220:
212:
206:Stilbite-Ca: 2,840 g/mol
200:
195:
177:
159:
144:
134:
120:
110:
54:
40:
35:
26:
21:
591:
208:Stilbite-Na: 2,864 g/mol
1410:Encyclopædia Britannica
747:
676:Unit cell and structure
1284:Slaughter, M. (1970).
1046:Mineralogical Magazine
1475:Orthorhombic minerals
1337:10.2138/am-1997-7-810
1317:American Mineralogist
1290:American Mineralogist
1217:Manual of Mineralogy,
122:Strunz classification
889:Paterson, New Jersey
801:hot springs deposits
556:Stilbite is usually
256:Conchoidal or uneven
236:Very common on {001}
1465:Monoclinic minerals
1329:1997AmMin..82..729C
1219:Wiley, pp. 465–466
1067:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1058:2021MinM...85..291W
1040:Warr, L.N. (2021).
799:. It also forms in
564:perpendicular to a
562:rotational symmetry
136:Dana classification
1455:Aluminium minerals
1425:Structure type STI
797:hydrothermal veins
762:petroleum refining
760:in the process of
662:refractive indices
337:Optical properties
950:tholeiitic basalt
383:
382:
370:Decomposes in HCl
246:Perfect on {010}
173:
130:
64:Stilbite-Ca: NaCa
1487:
1450:Calcium minerals
1414:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1323:(7–8): 729–739.
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1227:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1174:. Archived from
1173:
1165:
1148:
1142:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1108:
1105:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1037:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
647:specific gravity
644:
643:
639:
636:
392:minerals of the
346:Refractive index
328:Specific gravity
291:
290:
286:
283:
276:
167:
165:Prismatic (2/m)
129:8/J.23-30 (8 ed)
128:
126:9.GE.10 (10 ed)
61:
60:(repeating unit)
31:
19:
18:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1445:Sodium minerals
1430:
1429:
1421:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1352:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1230:
1214:
1207:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1169:"Archived copy"
1167:
1166:
1151:
1143:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1111:
1106:
1083:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1010:
1007:
998:
995:
986:
983:
974:
971:
962:
833:
770:
754:molecular sieve
750:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
688:
678:
649:2.12 to 2.22.
641:
637:
634:
632:
613:
594:
572:, and a larger
554:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
475:
458:
451:
444:
437:
431:
424:
288:
284:
281:
279:
274:
207:
187:
166:
154:
127:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:Stilbite-Na: Na
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
59:
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1493:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:Tectosilicates
1428:
1427:
1420:
1419:External links
1417:
1416:
1415:
1405:Chisholm, Hugh
1382:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1307:
1276:
1259:
1244:
1228:
1205:
1149:
1130:
1109:
1081:
1052:(3): 291–320.
1031:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1001:
999:
996:
989:
987:
984:
977:
975:
972:
965:
961:
958:
952:plateaux near
861:North Carolina
832:
829:
785:volcanic rocks
769:
766:
749:
746:
738:
737:
734:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
701:
700:
697:
694:
677:
674:
673:
672:
669:
612:
609:
593:
590:
553:
550:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
474:
471:
457:
454:
449:
442:
435:
429:
422:
413:
412:
409:
381:
380:
376:
372:
371:
368:
362:
361:
358:
352:
351:
348:
342:
341:
338:
334:
333:
330:
324:
323:
320:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
300:
294:
293:
277:
268:
267:
264:
258:
257:
254:
248:
247:
244:
238:
237:
234:
228:
227:
224:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
204:
198:
197:
196:Identification
193:
192:
191:(orthorhombic)
181:
175:
174:
163:
157:
156:
148:
146:Crystal system
142:
141:
138:
132:
131:
124:
118:
117:
114:
108:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
52:
51:
42:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1492:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1395:public domain
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1226:
1225:0-471-80580-7
1222:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1201:
1195:
1181:on 2020-03-29
1177:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1017:
1012:
1005:
1000:
993:
988:
981:
976:
969:
964:
963:
960:Photo gallery
957:
955:
951:
947:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
910:in cavities.
909:
905:
904:type locality
900:
898:
894:
893:United States
890:
886:
882:
878:
875:(Bombay) and
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:Faroe Islands
838:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:conglomerates
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
783:
779:
775:
765:
763:
759:
755:
745:
743:
735:
732:
709:
706:
705:
704:
698:
695:
692:
691:
690:
686:
681:
670:
667:
666:
665:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
645:to 4 and the
630:
626:
622:
618:
608:
606:
602:
598:
589:
587:
583:
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
552:Crystal class
549:
547:
543:
521:
497:
493:
488:
484:
480:
470:
468:
463:
453:
448:
441:
434:
428:
421:
418:
410:
407:
406:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:tectosilicate
387:
379:
377:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
357:
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
329:
325:
321:
319:
315:
311:
309:
305:
301:
299:
295:
278:
273:
269:
265:
263:
259:
255:
253:
249:
245:
243:
239:
235:
233:
229:
225:
223:
222:Crystal habit
219:
215:
211:
205:
203:
199:
194:
190:
186:(monoclinic)
185:
182:
180:
176:
171:
164:
162:
161:Crystal class
158:
152:
149:
147:
143:
139:
137:
133:
125:
123:
119:
115:
113:
109:
63:
57:
53:
50:
46:
45:Tectosilicate
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1408:
1370:Spencer 1911
1365:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1293:
1289:
1279:
1216:
1183:. Retrieved
1176:the original
1049:
1045:
1035:
943:
912:
901:
885:Iceland-spar
869:Deccan Traps
849:Bay of Fundy
845:Isle of Skye
834:
780:cavities of
778:amygdaloidal
771:
758:hydrocarbons
751:
739:
702:
682:
679:
659:
614:
595:
579:
570:orthorhombic
566:mirror plane
555:
544:
476:
460:At one time
459:
414:
385:
384:
378:
332:2.12 to 2.22
202:Formula mass
188:
183:
1380:Attribution
1300:30 December
1257:stilbite-Na
1147:stilbite-Ca
865:apophyllite
853:Nova Scotia
768:Environment
546:Epistilbite
411:Stilbite-Na
408:Stilbite-Ca
340:Biaxial (−)
318:Diaphaneity
179:Space group
1434:Categories
1185:2010-07-29
1027:References
931:heulandite
921:Province,
908:laumontite
857:New Jersey
831:Localities
805:sandstones
558:monoclinic
496:stellerite
462:heulandite
375:References
366:Solubility
356:Fusibility
272:Mohs scale
170:H-M symbol
151:Monoclinic
112:IMA symbol
1296:: 387–397
1076:235729616
789:andesites
774:secondary
685:unit cell
586:triclinic
582:endmember
574:unit cell
520:barrerite
487:aluminium
1460:Zeolites
1401:Stilbite
1345:99122598
1194:cite web
946:Tertiary
939:rhyolite
935:andesite
923:Sardinia
919:Cagliari
897:Scotland
817:prehnite
782:basaltic
742:zeolites
655:fracture
651:Cleavage
629:hardness
621:cleavage
605:Twinning
601:cleavage
597:Crystals
494:between
386:Stilbite
275:hardness
262:Tenacity
252:Fracture
242:Cleavage
232:Twinning
140:77.1.4.3
41:Category
22:Stilbite
1407:(ed.).
1397::
1325:Bibcode
1054:Bibcode
891:in the
867:in the
837:Iceland
821:calcite
640:⁄
483:silicon
479:cations
467:Germany
456:History
398:mineral
394:zeolite
287:⁄
266:Brittle
56:Formula
49:Zeolite
36:General
1403:". In
1391:
1343:
1223:
1074:
873:Mumbai
825:quartz
793:gneiss
625:streak
617:luster
492:series
308:Streak
298:Luster
168:(same
1341:S2CID
1179:(PDF)
1172:(PDF)
1072:S2CID
954:Nasik
927:Italy
881:India
871:near
787:, in
592:Habit
538:·26(H
514:·28(H
312:White
213:Color
102:·28(H
80:·28(H
1302:2020
1221:ISBN
1200:link
944:The
915:Pula
877:Pune
859:and
823:and
813:tuff
807:and
795:and
748:Uses
726:.14H
683:The
580:Non-
542:O).
522:, Na
485:and
445:·28(
292:to 4
189:Amma
184:C2/m
1333:doi
1062:doi
937:or
631:is
526:(Si
502:(Si
116:Stb
90:(Si
68:(Si
1436::
1353:^
1339:.
1331:.
1321:82
1319:.
1294:55
1292:.
1288:.
1262:^
1247:^
1231:^
1208:^
1196:}}
1192:{{
1152:^
1133:^
1112:^
1084:^
1070:.
1060:.
1050:85
1048:.
1044:.
941:.
925:,
917:,
899:.
879:,
851:,
847:,
843:,
839:,
827:.
819:,
791:,
764:.
730:O)
724:36
720:13
718:Si
714:Al
664::
536:72
534:)O
530:Al
528:28
512:72
510:)O
506:Al
504:28
481::
443:72
433:Al
430:27
427:Si
420:Ca
417:Na
153:,
106:O)
100:72
98:)O
94:Al
92:27
84:O)
78:72
76:)O
72:Al
70:27
47:,
1372:.
1347:.
1335::
1327::
1304:.
1273:.
1202:)
1188:.
1127:.
1078:.
1064::
1056::
728:2
722:O
716:5
712:2
642:2
638:1
635:+
633:3
540:2
532:8
524:8
516:2
508:8
500:4
450:2
447:H
440:O
438:)
436:9
425:(
423:4
289:2
285:1
282:+
280:3
172:)
104:2
96:9
88:9
82:2
74:9
66:4
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
